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Communication
Uni Wide Communication Skills
UB -15, Institute of Languages.
WRITING SKILLS
THE
Definition
COMPOSITE
Rhetorical
Skill
A writer must learn the fundamentals
of the craft & must have the
masterly/command of the language
to make good sentences that make a
readable piece i.e. you must know
the various ways of putting
sentences together to make a
smoothly readable piece of work.
Psychological
Skill
As a writer , you must learn &
master the art of feeling free &
relaxed so that ideas flow from head
to hand & finally to paper or other
media in use.
Critical
Skill
After completing your writing, try to
check through to correct the
mistakes & also to improve and add
other necessary details or
information.
QUALITIES
OF GOOD WRITING
These include;
Simplicity
Clarity
Economy
Transaction
SIMPLICITY
Let
CLARITY
Express
yourself in a readable,
informative & whenever possible in a
captivating/engaging way. Have a
sense of the following:
Who you are as a writer
Who your readers are
Why are you addressing your readers
and on what occasion
Your relationship to your subject matter
How you want your readers to relate to
your subject matter
ECONOMY
Economical
TRANSACTION
The
GUIDING
Read
WAYS/PATTERNS/METHODS
OF
GENERATING INFORMATION
Reading & Research.
Brain storming & Discussion
Free writing
Clustering
Journalistic Question Mode (5Ws&H)
Observation
Learning Objectives
What is Communication?
The Communication Cycle
Impact of a message
Types of Communication
Styles of Communication
Effective Listening
Organizational Communication Flow
Barriers to Communication
Communicating Effectively
What is Communication?
Perspectives of Communication
Technical Definition
It is the transmission of messages from
one person/place to another. It tells us
about the technical means/ machinery.
Process Definition
It is a complex & dynamic process of
exchanging meaningful messages. It
tells us about interpretation & meaning.
Transactional Definition
It is a transaction between
participants during which
relationships develop. Participants
are mutually responsible for the
outcome of the communication as
they transmit, create meaning &
elicit responses.
Communication Goals
To change behavior
To persuade
To get action
To ensure understanding
Communication Cycle
Communication normally goes through a cycle involving:
The Sender
The Recipient
The Message
The Channel
Impact of a Message
Face-To-Face Communication
Words
7%
Tone
36%
Body Language
Tone
Words
Body
Language
57%
Impact of A Message
Voice Communication
Words
14%
Tone
Words
Tone
86%
2 Types of Communication
1.
2.
Verbal Communication
Words
Voice modulation
Non-Verbal Communication
Communicates emotions and attitudes
Regulates verbal messages
Verbal Communication
Words
Use simple language (avoid jargon and slang)
Make sure that you are grammatically correct
Be clear and precise (avoid redundancy)
Voice Modulation
Diction
Tone
Pitch
Volume
Rate
Non-Verbal Communication
Gestures
Are you aware of how you look to others?
Find out your habits and nervous gestures
Facial Expressions
Smile
Eye Communication
Communication
Rights and Responsibilities
Responsibilities
Rights
1.
1.
2.
2.
3.
4.
3.
4.
Styles Of Communication
Passive
Accepts
responsibilities.
Assertive
Both exercises
and extends
rights and
responsibilities.
Aggressive
.1.
Remove Distractions
3. Understanding body
Language
Observe position and posturing
Seek clarification
Consider expressions/gestures
4. Suspending judgment
Concentrate
Keep an open mind
Hear the person out
3 Types of Listening
Passive Listening
Active Listening
Hearing
Upward
Information
Downward
Instructions
Directives
Horizontal
Coordination
Vertical Communication
Upward Communication
Consists of messages sent up the line from subordinates to
bosses.
Includes employee suggestions, reactions to organizational
policies, inquiries or concerns.
Downward Communication
Flows from individuals in higher levels of the organization to
those in lower levels.
Includes meetings, official memos, policy statements, manuals,
and organizational publications.
Horizontal Communication
The horizontal information flow that
occurs both within and between
departments.
Generally, the purpose of lateral
communication is coordination and
collaboration.
Assumptions
Fears
Reluctance to confront
Ridicule, rejection, fear of being wrong
Values and attitudes
Generation Gap
Information overload
When the information we can process is exceeded
Trust and Honesty
A lack of trust can cause the receiver to look for hidden
meanings in the senders message.
Cross-Cultural Diversity
The greater the difference between the senders and receivers
cultures, the greater the chance for miscommunication.
Know what you are talking about and accept the limitations of
your knowledge.
Barriers to communication
can lead to misunderstanding and confusion
Remember. . .
Effective communication
encompasses a multitude of
skills.