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and lost half its strength when grappling with how to get to
school so that they would lose concentration in receiving and
follow school lessons. Therefore the good performance of the
school bus will provide service assurance and convenience for
their activities in carrying out the learning process in schools.
One effort to do is develop enhancement school bus services
specifically designed for students and serve the routes that
reflect their origin and destination. The school bus existence to
reduce cost of transportation from home to school and vice
versa, students travel time efficiency, reduce the level of
congestion on the Surabaya road network.
In connection with the spread of junior and senior high
schools in the city of Surabaya, then it will lead large enough
trip generation and attraction every day. Therefore, to fulfill the
demand for transport services are needed the school bus route
that takes from junior and senior high school students trip
generation and attraction. Unfortunately, school buses began
operating in Surabaya since 2003 can not be relied upon by the
junior and senior high school students because the quantity
school bus is only four units and routes still very limited.
But over the years the number of passengers is decline. Data
from the Surabaya Transportation Department are as follows;
(1) 2010: 25,200 students, (2) 2011: 21,600 students, (3) 2012:
16 800, (4) 2013: 14,400 students. This shows the interest of
students to use the school bus decreases each year. Therefore,
to reduce the number of violations and accidents involving
students would require school bus operations were able to
attract students to use.
It is therefore necessary preliminary research that seeks to
determine the potential of students and the operational
performance of school buses Surabaya. Current namely, among
others: (1) the movement of school buses in terms of time and
service, (2) the location of the school on the route, (3), load
factor, (4) Number of students / schools who use school buses
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
The school bus is a town/rural students transport has a fixed
and regular stretch and only operate adjusted the schedule of
departure and return of students. Determination of school bus
route consider to: (a) trip generation and attraction considering
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA (email: author@ boulder.nist.gov).
S. B. Author, Jr., was with Rice University, Houston, TX 77005 USA. He is
now with the Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins,
CO 80523 USA (e-mail: author@lamar.colostate.edu).
T. C. Author is with the Electrical Engineering Department, University of
Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA, on leave from the National Research
Institute for Metals, Tsukuba, Japan (e-mail: author@nrim.go.jp).
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the location of the school, (b) the type of service, (c) road class,
(d) distance and time travel.
The characteristics of the school transportation service
include: (a) special transport school students, (b) stop at the bus
stop that has been determined, (c) use a bus. On school buses
should fulfill requirements include: listing board / stretch code
on vehicles operated, bus stop placement adjusted to position
and location of the school buildings, accomplishment
procedures adapted to Transportation Minister Rules No. 35
(2003) on the Implementation Transport of People on the Road
with Public Vehicle.
There are four categories of interest movements which are
often used by Tamin (2000) is a movement into the workplace,
the movement to the school / university, the movement of the
shopping places, the movement for the social interest/
recreation. Trip Generation is the stage of modeling that
estimates the amount of movement that comes from a zone or
land use, or the amount of movement attract to a land use or
zone (Tamin, 2000).
Route determination criteria according to Transportation
Department (1998) are: (1) The amount of minimum demand
(minimum from 1800 to 2000 passengers/day for both
directions and minimum between 150-200 passengers/hour for
the service part time/rush hour); (2) short route (pursued
through shortest route, when overlapping in the city center more
than two routes and maximum 1 overlapping in the sub urban);
(3) Road Geometric (width road at least 3 meters for large
buses, maximum round trip travel time between 2 until 2.5
hours, the route distance maximum 300-400 meters, the bus was
not allowed to stop in the city center; (4) route density (reach
the whole city, can reach 500 meter walk maximum/ walking
time between 5-6 minutes, the distance between these parallel
services 800 meters, in the suburbs within 1600 meters)
The performance of school bus service transportation need
attention at Surabaya City. There are various methods that can
be used to evaluate a public transport system, especially the
level of service as follows:
1. Operational Speed Buses (25-30) km/h
Vehicles can run with both speed during rush hour or non
rush hour. The speed is traffic movement level or certain
vehicle that is often expressed in kilometers per hour.
Travel speed is formulated as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
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of Transportation directly used for students transportation at
Surabaya. School bus only operates in the morning to deliver
students to school with no charge or for free. The purpose of
school bus program in Surabaya itself is to reduce congestion
at Surabaya and reducing the number of accidents of students.
However the program operates only a few times a school bus
resistance from transport driver for reasoned will reduce the
number of public transport passengers. After receiving the
rejection of public transport drivers, school bus program was
postpone at Surabaya. Therefore long discussion with public
transport organization, police, and another stahe holder in 2007
issued regulations General Director of Land Transportation No.
SK.967 / AJ.202 / DRJD / 2007 about technical guidelines for
the school transport organization, Since Year 2008 until now,
school bus program can operate normally and has a legal
reguation.
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REFERENCES
School Name
Kemala Bhayangkari
Junior High School (JHS)
State JHS 32
Santo Yosef JHS
Vocational High School
(VHS) 1
Trimurti Senior High
School (SHS)
State SHS 6
State JHS 1
State SHS 9
State SHS 5
State SHS 2
State SHS 5
School
Bus Users
2
Students
321
3
2
6
866
489
2951
571
1
10
2
4
5
1
38
923
870
987
1016
1105
2292
12391
V. CONCLUSION
1.
2.
3.
Load factor for the first school bus is still good enough
because the load factor between 70.59% and 88.24%. But
the load factor of the 2nd school bus only 26.47% and
5.88%. So it is necessary to add some bus stops to improve
the load factor.
4.
[1]
Kim, B.,I. Kim, S. & Junhyuk Park, A School Bus Scheduling Problem,
European Journal of Operational Research (2012), Vol. 218, pp.577-585
[2] Laksmianto, Fajar Anasrul, Analisis Finansial Rencana Pengoperasian
Angkutan Sekolah Malang International Education Park Di Kota Malang,
Jurnal Studi Ekonomi Indonesia (2012), Vol. 1 No. 1, halaman: 48-65
[3] Ledesma, J.R., and Gonzalez, J.J.S., A Column Generation Approach for
a School Bus Routing Problem with Resource Constraints, Computers &
Operations Research, (2013), Vol. 40, pp. 566-583
[4] Ledesma, J.R., and Gonzalez, J.J.S., Solving School Bus Routing Using
The Multiple Vehicle Traveling Purchaser Problem: a Branch-and-Cut
Approach, Computers & Operations Research, (2012), Vol. 39, pp. 391 404
[5] Litan, F., Setiawan, R. dan Harry Patmadjaja, Karakteristik Perjalanan
Siswa Sekolah Swasta Perumahan Pakuwon City Surabaya, Jurnal
Dimensi Pratama Teknik Sipil Vol 3, No 1 (2014)
[6] Muhtadi, A., Wasono, S.B., dan Sri Wiwoho M., Evaluasi Pelayanan Bus
dan MPU Kota Surabaya Untuk Menunjang Sistem Transportasi
Berkelanjutan, Bandung: Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Pasca Sarjana
Teknik Sipil (KNPTS) 2012, Institut Teknologi Bandung
[7] Artaya, I.P., Muhtadi, A., Wasono, S.B. dan I Gede Arimbawa, Fenomena
The Theory of Planned Behavior Pelaku Perjalanan Untuk Menggunakan
Bis Kota Surabaya (2013) Surabaya: Prosiding Seminar Nasional MMT
ITS XIX
[8] Safe, Y.T., Udiana, I.M., dan Rosmiyati A. Bella, Evaluasi Kinerja
Angkutan Umum Trayek Terminal Oebobo - Terminal Kupang pp dan
Terminal Kupang - Terminal Noelbaki pp., Jurnal Teknik Sipil Vol. IV,
No. 1, April 2015, Denpasar: Universitas Udayana
[9] Shittekat, P., Kinable, J., Sorensen, K., Sevaux, M., Spieksma, F., dan
Johan Springael, A Metaheuristic for The School Bus Routing Problem
With Bus Stop Selection, European Journal of Operation Research (2013),
Vol. 229, pp. 518-528
[10] Wasono, S.B., Evaluasi Kinerja Operasional Bis Kota Di Surabaya,
Jurnal Neutron, Vol. 9, No.2, Agustus 2009, Hal: 57-80, Surabaya:
Program Studi S1 Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Narotama
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Hitapriya Suprayitno received the B.S.
degree in civil engineering from Bandung
Institute of Technology, Bandung, Taiwan, in
2004 and the M.S. degree in transportation
engineering from Asian Institute of
Technology, Bangkok, Thailand, in 1986,
and receive Ph.D in Civil Engineering from
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology, Surabaya,
Indonesia in 2014.
From 1980 now as Lecturer and Researcher Staff at
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology at Surabaya,
Indonesia. Articles and journals that have published more than
50. The research focuses during mass transportation and
transportation facility, modelling transportation, Infrastructure
Management Asset, Management Information System:
Infrastructure Assets.
Ervina Ahyudanari received the B.S.
degree in civil engineering from Sepuluh
Nopember Institute of Technology,
Surabaya, Indonesia, in 1993 and the M.S.
degree in Civil engineering from University
of New South Wales, Sidney, Australia, in
2003, and receive Ph.D in Civil Engineering from Universiti
Teknologi Petronas, Perak, Malaysia in 2014.
From 1993 now as Lecturer and Researcher Staff at
Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology at Surabaya,
Indonesia. Articles and journals that have published more than
40. The research focuses during planning and modelling
transportation, Airport Planning, Mass Transportation and
Transportation Facility, road pavement engineering, airport
management, Air Transportation Management and Air Logistic
Transportation.