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TransilvaniaOF
University
of Braov Vol.13(48)
- 2006
BULLETIN
THE TRANSILVANIA
UNIVERSITY
OF
BRAOV 153
1. Introduction
The concept of an elevator is incredibly simple -- it's just a compartment attached to a
lifting system. There are two major elevator designs in common use today: hydraulic
elevators and roped elevators. Hydraulic elevator systems lift a car using a hydraulic ram, a
fluid-driven piston mounted inside a cylinder. You can see how this system works in the
diagram below.
154
155
(1)
Here: p t is the pressure between the out port of the pump and the admission port of the
rupture valve, p p is the pressure in the out port of the pump, K f is the friction coefficient,
qVc is the flow rate through the valve, qVs is the flow rate through the chamber. The
chamber by the back rupture valve is closed so the equation of continuity is:
Vs dp s
dx
As
qVs C s ( p s pt )
E dt
dt
(2)
Here: V s is the volume from the back of chamber, E is the spring bulk modulus of the
dx
hydraulic oil in the back chamber, As is the section of the valve,
is the motion of the
dt
valve, C s is the trickling coefficient through the back cavity and the valves body, p s is the
pressure in the back chamber.
The pressure difference through the rupture valve is making by the flow through the pipe and
the orifice. The differential equation of the flow rate and of the pressure is:
2 1
p c pt K d qVc2 qVc
(3)
2
C 22 A22
Here: pc is the pressure in valve, K d is the flow rate coefficient, is the hydraulic
density of oil, C 2 is the debit coefficient through the valves port, A2 is the valves
section.
The equilibrium equation of the valve is:
d 2x
m
Fp F1 F2 F f Fs FRv
dt 2
(4)
Where,
F p ( pc p s ) As , F1 K1 ( x0 x)( pc pt )
dx
pc pt , F f K f ( p s pt )
dt
dx
(
F
K
x
),
F
B
s
0
s
Rv
s
dt
F2 K 2
(5)
Here, m is the spool mass, Fp is the force produced by the pressure differential between
both ends of the valve spool; F1 is the stabilization hydraulic force, F2 is the dynamic
hydraulic force, F f is the friction force, FRv is the resistance viscous force, x0 initial
displacement, x is the spool displacement, F0 is elastic force, K s is the elastic
coefficient, Bs is the resistance coefficient of the spools valve.
156
Between the hydraulic cylinder and the rupture valve is a closed chamber. The equation of
continuity of the flow rate is:
Vc dpc
dy
Ac
qVc Cv ( pc pt ) Ct pc
Ec dt
dt
(6)
Here, Vc is the volume of the closed chamber, Ec is the spring modulus of the hydraulic
dy
oil,
is the speed of the piston in the hydraulic cylinder, Cv is the flow coefficient
dt
between the spool element of the valve and the body of the valve and Ct is the flow
coefficient through the outer of the hydraulic cylinder.
In this model the positive direction is in the sense of the lift descend. The equation of the
equilibrium in the cylinders is:
mc
d2y
dy
mc g pc Ac Bc
Fc
2
dt
dt
(7)
157
8303-54-0
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