Unive

rsidad
Nacio
Signature: Introduction to the
nal Linguistic
Autn
Teacher: Lic. Patricia De Borjas
oma
deSection: 1600
HondStudents:
uras
Jenny
Aracely Ramirez Umaa
20122006404
Diana Carolina Snchez Lpez
20061004130
Glossary of Morphemes
Date: Monday 12th/october/2015

SUFFIXES
Meanings

Sample Words and

Definitions

-able

able to be

excitable, portable,
preventable

-ac

pertaining to

cardiac, hemophiliac,
maniac

-acity (-ocity)

quality of

perspicacity, sagacity,
velocity

-ade

act, action or process, product

blockade, cavalcade,
promenade,

-age

action or process

passage, pilgrimage,
voyage

-aholic (oholic)

one with an obsession for

workaholic, shopaholic,
alcoholic

-al

relating to

bacterial, theatrical,
natural

-algia

Pain

neuralgia, nostalgia,

-an (-ian)

relating to, belonging to

Italian, urban, African

-ance

state or quality of

brilliance, defiance,
annoyance

-ant

a person who

applicant, immigrant,
servant

inclined to, tending to

brilliant, defiant, vigilant

of or relating to, being

lunar, molecular, solar

a person who

beggar, burglar, liar

-ard

a person who does an action

coward, sluggard,
wizard

-arian

a person who

disciplinarian,
vegetarian, libraran

-arium (orium)

a place for

terrarium, aquarium,
solrium

-ary

of or relating to

literary, military,
budgetary

-ate

state or quality of (adj.)

affectionate, desolate,
obstinate

makes the word a verb

activate, evaporate,

Suffix

-ar

Meanings

Sample Words and

Definitions

(different pronunciation)

medicate

-ation

action or process

creation, narration,
emancipation

-ative

tending to (adj.)

creative, preservative,
talkative

act of killing

homicide, suicide,
genocide

Suffix

-cide

Prefixes

prefix

Meaning

examples

anti-

against/opposed to

anti-government, anti-racist,
anti-war

auto-

Self

autobiography, automobile

de-

reverse or change

de-classify, decontaminate,
demotivate

dis-

reverse or remove

disagree, displeasure,
disqualify

down-

reduce or lower

downgrade, downhearted

extra-

Beyond

extraordinary, extraterrestrial

hyper-

Extreme

hyperactive, hypertension

il-, im-, in-, ir- Not

illegal, impossible, insecure,

irregular

inter-

Between

interactive, international

mega-

very big, important

megabyte, mega-deal,
megaton

mid-

Middle

midday, midnight, mid-October

mis-

incorrectly, badly

misaligned, mislead, misspelt

non-

Not

non-payment, non-smoking

over-

too much

overcook, overcharge, overrate

out-

go beyond

outdo, out-perform, outrun

prefix

Meaning

examples

post-

After

post-election, post-war

pre-

Before

prehistoric, pre-war

pro-

in favour of

pro-communist, pro-democracy

re-

Again

reconsider, redo, rewrite

INFLECTIONAL MORPHEMES
Inflection

Morpheme

Function

Example

present-tense
inflections

-s

Used when
subject is thirdperson singular
noun or pronoun

She usually sits

here.
The
house stays
cool at night.

past-tense
inflection

-ed

Used to indicate
past tense of a
regular verb.

We rowed down
the river.
The inside of
the
canoe got pretty
wet.

past-participle
inflection

-en

Used with the

helping
verb have to
form the present
perfect and past
perfect.

I have already
eaten.
I had wanted a
salad.

presentparticiple
inflection

-ing

Used with the

helping
verb be to form
the present
progressive.

I am walking to
the store.
You are taking a
class.

Negative
participle

-nt

In English
I haven seen
grammar, the
that movie yet.
word not (or its
reduced form,
-n't) used to
indicate
negation, denial,
refusal, or
prohibition

Comparative

-er

The form of an
adjective or
adverb involving
a comparison of
more or less,
greater or
lesser.

The faster bike"

superlative

-est

The form of an
adjective or
adverb that
indicates the
most or the
least of
something.

"The fastest
bike

genitive

-s

The suffix -'s on The majors

nouns is a
house.
marker of
genitive case in
English.
Genitive case
can also be
indicated by an
of phrase after a
noun.

Root word

Meanin
gs

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in

Meanin
gs

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in

a/n

not,
without

Gree abyss - without bottom;

k
achromatic - without color;
anhydrous - without water

on

Latin afire - on fire; ashore - on the

shore; aside - on the side

a, ab/s

from,
Latin abduct - carry away by force;
away, of
abnormal - away from normal, not
normal; absent - away, not
present; aversion - the act of
turning away from; abbreviate: to
shorten.

a/c/d

to,
toward,
near

Latin accelerate - to increase the speed

of; accessible - easily entered,
approached, or obtained;
admittance - allowing into;

acro

top,
height,
tip,
beginnin
g

Gree acrobat - a "high walker"; acronym

k
- a word formed from the first
(capital) letters of a word;
acrophobia - fear of height

act

do

Latin activity - something that a person

does; react - to do something in
response; interaction communication between two or
more things

aer/o

air

Gree aerate - to let air reach something;

k
aerial - relating to the air;
aerospace - the air space

agr/i/o

farming

Latin agriculture - management of the

Gree land, agribusiness - making money
k
by utilizing land; agrarian relating to the management of
land

alg/o

pain

Latin neuralgia - pain caused by a

Root word

Root word

Meanin
gs

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in
nerve; analgesic - a drug that
makes one pain free; nostalgia aching for the familiar

ambi, amphi

both, on
both
sides,
around

Latin ambidextrous - able to use both

hands equally; ambiguous - having
more than one meaning;
ambivalence - conflicting or
opposite feelings toward a person
or thing

ambul

walk,
move

Latin amble - to walk in a slow, relaxed

way; ambulant - walking or
moving around; ambulance - a
vehicle that moves a patient

ami/o

love

Latin amiable - friendly, pleasant,

lovable; amity - friendly and
peaceful relations; amorous showing romantic love

ana

up, back, Gree analysis - a close examination of

against, k
something; anatomy - the
again,
structure of something as visible
througho
when cut up for analysis;
ut
anachronism - not being in the
right place in time

andr/o

man,
male

anim

life, spirit Latin animal - a living organism;

animate - to make alive;
equanimity - of balanced spirit

ann/enn

year

Gree androgynous - being both male

k
and female; android - resembling a
human; misandry - hatred towards
men

Latin anniversary - a date observed

once a year; annual - happening
once a year; millennium - 1,000
years

Root word

Meanin
gs

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in

ante

before, in Latin antecede - to come before

front
something in time; antemeridian before noon; anteroom- a small
room before the main room

anth/o

flower

Gree chrysanthemum and amaranth k

names of flowers; anthology - a
collection of treasured writings;
anthozoan - half plant, half animal,
like anemones and corals.

anthrop/o

human

Gree anthropology - the study of

k
mankind; anthropomorphism giving human form to non-human
things; philanthropy - the love to
mankind (expressed through good
deeds)

anti

against,
opposite
of

Gree antibody - a substance that

k
destroys micro-organisms;
antiseptic - preventing infection;
antisocial - opposing social norm

apo, apho

away,
Gree aphorism - a short expression of a
of,
k
general truth; apology - an explicit
separate
expression of regret, apostrophe a small dash used in place of an
omitted letter

aqu/a

water

Latin aquarium - a water container for

fish; aquatic- relating to water;
aqueduct - a pipeline for water

arbor

tree

Latin arborist - someone working with

trees; arbor - a shady area formed
by trees; arborous - having many
trees

arch/i

chief,
Gree archbishop - the highest ranking
most
k
bishop; archenemy - chief or worst
importan
enemy; matriarch - a female who
t, rule
rules a group; monarch - a king or

Root word

Meanin
gs

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in
queen

arch/a/i

primitive Gree archaeology - the study of ancient

, ancient k
cultures; archaic - belonging to an
earlier period; archive - a
collection of historical materials

arthr/o

joint

Latin arthroscope - a tool to see inside a

Gree joint; arthritis - inflammation of a
k
joint; arthropod - invertebrates
with jointed legs, like spiders,
crustaceans, insects

art

skill

Latin artifact - object made by a

person's skill; artisan - a person
skilled in a craft; artist - a person
who creates skillfully

astro,
aster

star,
stars,
outer
space

Latin astronaut - a person traveling to

the stars; astronomer - someone
who studies the stars; asterisk - a
star-shaped sign used as a
reference tool

auto

self,
same,
one

Gree autocrat - a person who governs

k
with absolute power; autograph - a
person's own signature; automatic
- moving by itself

bar/o

pressure, Gree baric - pertaining to pressure, esp.

weight
k
of the atmosphere; milliard metric unit, equal to 1/1000th of a
bar; baryon - heavy elementary
particle

bibli/o

book

Gree bibliography - a list of books used

k
as sources; bibliomania - an
extreme love of books; bibliophile
- a person who loves books

bio

life,
living

Gree biography- a life story written by

k
another person; biology - the

Root word

Meanin
gs
matter

Orig
Examples and Definitions
in
science of life; biosphere - Earth's
surface inhabited by living things

FREE ROOTS
Free
Roots

Definition

Example

1. Book

a handwritten or printed work of

fiction or nonfiction, usually on sheets
of paper fastened or bound together
within covers.

2. Blouse

a usually lightweight, loose-fitting

garment for women and children,
covering the body from the neck or
shoulders more or less to the
waistline, with or without a collar and
sleeves, worn inside or outside a skirt,

The book costs $10

dollar.
The book is color
blue.
The blouse is
expensive.
I like Sara`s blouse.

3. bottom

4. brick

5. boy

slacks, etc.
the lowest or deepest part of anything,
as distinguished from the top

a block of clay hardened by drying in

the sun or burning in a kiln, and used
for building, paving, etc.: traditionally,
in the U.S., a rectangle 2.25 3.75
8 inches (5.7 9.5 20.3 cm), red,
brown, or yellow in color.
a male child, from birth to full growth,
especially one less than 18 years of
age.

6. cat

a small domesticated carnivore, Felis

domestica or F. catus, bred in a
number of varieties.

7. cave
8. chair

a hollow in the earth, especially one

opening more or less horizontally into
a hill, mountain, etc.
a seat, especially for one person,
usually having four legs for support
and a rest for the back and often
having rests for the arms.

9. computer

a programmable electronic device

designed to accept data, perform
prescribed mathematical and logical
operations at high speed, and display

She tucked her hands

under her bottom to
stop.
At the bottom of the hill
a sharp turn waited.
The house is made by
brick.
The brick is so heavy.

The boy has played

all the morning.
The boy likes to play
playstation.
The cat like to eat
fish.
The cat likes to sleep.
The cave is so dark.
A cave is scary.
The chair needs to be
repair.
The chair is
comfortable.
My computer is very
fast.
My computer is
Samsung Brand.

the results of these operations.

Mainframes, desktop and laptop
computers, tablets, and smartphones
are some of the different types of
computers.

10. cow

the mature female of a bovine animal,

especially of the genus Bos.

11. Desk

an article of furniture having a broad,

usually level, writing surface, as well
as drawers or compartments for
papers, writing materials, etc.

12. Dog

a domesticated canid, Canis familiaris,

bred in many varieties.

The cow gives us a

lot of milk.
There are diferents
kind of cows.
The teachers desk is
in yhe classroom.
The desk have been
there for 5 years.
My Dog is a
chihuahua.
The dogs are very

13. Door

14. Girl

a movable, usually solid, barrier for

opening and closing an entranceway,
cupboard, cabinet, or the like,
commonly turning on hinges or sliding
in grooves.
a female child, from birth to full
growth.
a young, immature woman, especially
formerly, an unmarried one.

15. House

a building in which people live;

residence for human beings.

16. Lamp

any of various devices furnishing

artificial light, as by electricity or gas.

17. Man

the female human being, as

distinguished from a girl or a man.

18. Nose

The part of the face or facial region in

humans and certain animals that
contains the nostrils and the organs of
smell and functions as the usual
passageway for air in respiration: in
humans it is a prominence in the
center of the face formed of bone and
cartilage, serving also to modify or
modulate the voice.
an article of furniture consisting of a
flat, slablike top supported on one or
more legs or other supports

19. table

20. to

used for expressing motion or

direction toward a point, person,
place, or thing approached and
reached, as opposed to from

inteligents and loyal.

Someone pushed the
door.
The Door is made of
Wood.
The girl has cried all
night.
Mari is waiting for the
girl.
Houses are more
comfortable than
apartments.
Andreass house is
very beautiful.
Someone has turned
up the light of the
lamp.
My father fixed the
lamp.
The agency required
a man.
A man is better driver.
I have runny nose.
My nose needs a
surgery.

The table is heavy.

I need a table for my
dining room.
They came to the
house
He grew to six feet.

Bibliography
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/grammar/british-grammar/prefixes
http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/wordroots.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/Etymologywords.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/il/fl/irregular-plural-nouns.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/rs/fl/spelling-rule.htm
http://grammar.about.com/od/words/a/comsuffixes.htm