Riveted Joints

Riveting

applications

Rivets
Types

of riveted joints
Failure of riveted joints

Riveting
applications:
Pressure
tanks

Bridges
Hulls

vessels, boilers

of ships
Airplanes
Cranes
buildings
Machinery in general

Rivets
head

A rivet is a round bar consisting

of
head
shank.
The rivet blank is heated to a
red glow
Inserted into the holes;
The head is held firmly against
the plate
The projecting end is formed
into a second head, called the
point,

Shank
Point

Rivet
material:
Tough and ductile low carbon
steel
Nickel steel.
Brass
Aluminium

Types of riveted
joints:
Lap joints

Rivet

butt joints

Strap

Riveted joint
terminology.
Gauge line

Margin lap
distance ( m)

Pitch (p)

Back pitch (pt)

Failure of riveted
joints

Bending of rivet or plate

F

In Lap connections the offset creates a moment

M=Ft/2
Bending moment causes complex deformations
and stresses
In most cases this offset moment is neglected
A suitable factor of safety is used.

b) Shearing of the
rivets:
Single shear
FF
F

Double shear
F/2
F
F/2

Joint strength in shear

2

d Ss
Fs (2 n 2 n1)
4
Where,
n1: :number of rivets in single shear
n2: number of rivets in double shear
Ss: allowable shear stress
d : diameter of rivet

c) Crushing of the rivets or the

plates
Crushing of margin
F

Crushing of the rivet or plate occurs due to the pressure

on the cylindrical surface of the rivet and the plate
The resistance to crushing of rivets is,

Fc (n 2 h1 n1 h 2 )dSc
where
h1 h2: plate thickness
Sc: allowable crushing stress

d) Rupture of plate by
tension:
F

Rupture of plate occurs at the section

between the rivets
The resistance of rupture can be obtained
from the expression:
Where:
t
t
L: plate width
h: plate thickness:
St : allowable tensile stress
n : number of rivet holes at the section

F (L nd )hS

Undrilled
Section

In the undrilled section:

Where
L : width of plate

Ft LhSt

d) Tearing and shearing of the

margin
Tearing of the margin
F

Margin

Shearing of the margin

F

For the riveted joint to resist tearing and

shearing of the margin, the margin (m)
=
1.5 d for double shear
2d for single shear.

Example:
Fig.(3) shows a lap riveted joint, consists of two Rolled steel plates,
SAE 1020, of 0.5 in thickness. The plates are riveted together with
four rivets 0.375 inch in diameter of low carbon steel, SAE 1010.
Estimate the maximum value of the force F that the joint can stand
while considering a factor of safety equals 2 and the rivets are driven
by hand hammer.
0.5 in
F
F

4 2
in.
1

Solution
Shearing of the rivets:
d = 0.375
fs = 2
n1 = 4
F
n2 =0

d 2 Ss
(2 n 2 n1 )
4 fs

2
0.375Rivet-driving
power
10000
Fs 4
Rolled steel, SAE 1020
Tension
4 2 ..

Load carrying member

Rivets, SAE1010

Type of stress

Shear
FS = 2209
lb
Shear

Crushing
Crushing

Power
Hand
Power
Hand

Rivets acting in
single shear
18000
13500
10000
24000
16000

Rivets acting in
double shear
18000
13500
10000
30000
20000

Crushing of the rivets:

(n2 h1 n1 h2 )dSc
Fc
fs
Rivets acting in
4 0.375Rivet-driving
power
0.5 16000
single shear
F

Rolled steel, SAE 1020 c

Tension
..
18000
2
Shear
Power
13500
Load carrying member

Rivets, SAE1010

Type of stress

Shear
Crushing
Crushing

FC = 6000 lb

Hand
Power
Hand

10000
24000
16000

Rivets acting in
double shear
18000
13500
10000
30000
20000

Rupture of plate by tension

( L nd )hSt
Ft
fs
Load carrying member Type of stress
Rivets acting in
(4 2 Rivet-driving
0.375
)
0
.
5

18000
power
single shear
F

Rolled steel, SAE 1020 t

Tension
..
18000
2
Shear
Power
13500
Rivets, SAE1010

Shear
Crushing
Crushing

Ft = 14625 lb

Hand
Power
Hand

10000
24000
16000

Rivets acting in
double shear
18000
13500
10000
30000
20000

Crushing of the plates

(n2 h1 n1 h2 )dSc
Fc
fs
acting in
4 0.5Rivet-driving
power
0.375 Rivets
36000
single shear
Rolled steel, SAE 1020 Fc
Tension
..
18000
2 13500
Shear
Power
Shear
Hand
10000
Rivets, SAE1010
FC Crushing
= 13500 lbPower 24000
Load carrying member

Type of stress

Crushing

Hand

16000

Maximum value of F = 2209 lb

Rivets acting in
double shear
18000
13500
10000
30000
20000

Design procedure for structural joints

The following sequence of steps applies to the calculations
for structural joints:
The load on each member is determined analytically or
graphically
The shape and size of each member is determined based
on the load
The diameter of the rivets is determined by the thickness
of the structural shapes apply the equation:

d 2 h 161

 The number of rivets required is based upon the

shearing or crushing stress which ever determine the
cause of failure.
The rivets in the joint are spaced in order to utilize the
material economically
avoiding eccentric loading as far as possible
The margin of the edge parallel to the load

m1 1.5 d

The margin of the edge normal to the load

Pitch limit: 16 h p 3d

m2 2d

where h is the thickness of the thinnest plate

used in the joint

Thank You