Persian Gulf Bid Boland Gas Treating Project Earth Resistance Calculation

PERSIAN GULF BID BOLAND GAS TREATING
COMPANY
Persian Gulf Bid Boland Gas Treating Project
Part B: Pipelines & Mahshahr Facilities
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EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SYSTEM CALCULATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
PURPOSE ................................................................................................................................. 5
2.
CODES AND STANDARDS...................................................................................................... 5
3.
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS .................................................................................................... 5
4.
CONSIDERATIONS .................................................................................................................. 5
5.
DESIGN CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERS .......................................................................... 6

5.1. GENERAL CONDITIONS ............................................................................................... 6
5.2. SOIL RESISTIVITY ......................................................................................................... 6
5.3. DESIGN DATA................................................................................................................ 6
5.4. GROUND FAULT (EARTH) CURRENT .......................................................................... 7
6.
CALCULATION BASIS.............................................................................................................. 7
6.1. THE CROSS - SECTIONAL AREA ................................................................................. 7
6.2. EARTHING RESISTANCE.............................................................................................. 8
7.
CALCULATION ......................................................................................................................... 8
7.1. THE CROSS - SECTIONAL AREA ................................................................................. 8
7.2. ELECTRICAL GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION................................. 10
7.3. INSTRUMENT AND TELECOM GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION .... 10
7.4. BUILDINGS ELECTRICAL GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION ............ 10
8.
TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS .................................................................. 11

8.1. TOUCH POTENTIAL CRITERIA................................................................................... 11
8.2. STEP POTENTIAL CRITERIA ...................................................................................... 12
9.
GRID POTENTIAL RISE ......................................................................................................... 12
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10. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM .................................................................................... 13

10.1. Operational Center building .......................................................................................... 14
10.2. Substation 15 building................................................................................................... 14
11. CONCLUSION......................................................................................................................... 15
12. APPENDICES ......................................................................................................................... 17
Notes:
Page 18 of this document represents appendix A (sheet 1)

Pages 19-21 of this document represent appendix B (3 sheets)
Pages 22-24 of this document represent appendix C (3 sheets)
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1.

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PURPOSE
This calculation covers the design of earthing system for the Mahshahr Storage and loading area. The
specific purpose of this calculation is to establish a basis for design, the safe size of earthing conductor
& actual number of earthing rods.
The study has been performed by use of ETAP PowerStation Version 7.5.0 from Operation Technology
Inc., USA
2.
3.
4.
CODES AND STANDARDS

ANSI/IEEE STD 80
Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding
ANSI/IEEE STD 142
Recommended Practice for Grounding of Industrial and

Commercial Power Systems
IEC 60009
Residual current operated circuit-breakers with integral

overcurrent protection for household and similar uses
BS-6651
Code of practice for the protection of structures against

lightning
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
MHS-E000-EL-DC-001
Electrical Design Criteria
MHS-E000-CV-RT-001
MHS-E000-EL-SP-013
Geotechnical Investigation Report
MHS- E000-EL-RT-101
Short Circuit Study Report
MHS-E000-EL-LY-113
MHS-E000-EL-DW-126
Overall Plot Plan for Grounding Layout

Grounding installation drawing
Job Specification for Grounding and Lightning Protection
CONSIDERATIONS
In accordance with MHS-E000-EL-DC-001 Electrical Design Criteria, grounding electrodes should be

galvanized steel and grounding conductors shall be cooper.
In accordance with MHS-E000-EL-DC-001,Electrical Design Criteria, electrical grounding grid
resistance shall not exceed 4. In accordance with company practice the instrument grounding
resistance shall not to exceed 1.
Taking into considerations IEEE-142 recommendation, the potential difference between cooper (-0.34V)
and zinc (+0.76V) will create a galvanic cell between the two metals that are electrically connected.
The copper with the negative potential (cathode) will be protected and the zinc with positive potential
(anode) will be corroded. The total current that will flow between them is directly proportional with the
potential difference and inverse proportional with the resistance between them (earth resistance).
In this project, the soil has low resistance and the corrosion will be aggressive. This is the reason to use
grounding rods made from the same material with the conductors. Therefore, the grounding rods shall be
cooper clad steel.
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According to IEC 62305-3 Protection of Structures against lightning, section D.5.5.2 Storage tanks:
Certain types of structures used for the storage of liquids that can produce flammable vapors or used to
store flammable gases are essentially self-protecting (contained totally within continuous metallic
containers having a thickness of not less than 5 mm of steel or 7 mm of aluminum, with no spark gaps)
and require no additional protection. All equipments in process area are respecting this condition
therefore they do not require a dedicated lightning protection system. As a measure of protection, an
additional earthing rod will be provided as close as possible to the tank, as shown on area grounding
drawings.
According to MHS-E000-EL-DC-001, Electrical Design Criteria section 2.10, substation, control
buildings, structures and towers shall be protected against Lightning in accordance with BS 6651. A
separate calculation shall be done for the grid separated from the plant grid, and the maximum value of
earthing resistance shall be 5.
Every independent earthing system shall be measured during commissioning and if the values of earth
resistance are over the design values, then additional rods shall be installed.
5.
5.1.
DESIGN CONDITIONS AND PARAMETERS

GENERAL CONDITIONS
- earthing electrode : 2.5m long, 16mm diameter, copper clad steel

- material of main earthing network conductor is commercial hard-drawn copper
5.2.
SOIL RESISTIVITY
Average value of the soil resistivity of 100m was assumed for first layer of soil (2.5m backfill). Average
value of the soil resistivity of 2.2m was considered for the second layer of soil (local soil) based on
geotechnical investigation report (MHS-E000-CV-RT-001). Surface layer resistivity was considered to be
2500m (for a depth of 100mm)
5.3.
DESIGN DATA
11KV
6kV
400V
25
25
50
Calculated Symmetrical max Fault Current (A)
17562
12173
47830
Fault Current 3I0(A)
0.210
0.110
46301
0.5
0.5
0.02/0.4*
Voltage Level
Design Symmetrical Fault Current (kA)
Maximum Fault Clearing Time (s)

*- instantaneous/ selective according to IEC-61009
Fault current values are from MHS-E000-EL-RT-101, Short Circuit Study Report.
For body resistance default typical values was used (1000).
For fibrillation data was used values for 70kg body according to IEEE 80.
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GROUND FAULT (EARTH) CURRENT
The ground grid current to fault current ratio (Sf) was calculated utilizing the graph shown on Figure C.16
of IEEE Standard 80-2000, included in Appendix A - Graphical and approximate analysis of current
division and the following considerations:
Category A: 100% remote and 0% local fault current contribution, representing typical distribution
substations with delta-wye transformer (See Annex C IEEE Standard 80-2000)
substations with delta-wye transformer number of feeders was considered to be 16
The ratio of the ground current to the fault current was found to be 0.5 considering grid resistance
of 0.428 Ohm (calculated at paragraph 7.2)
The ground fault current was calculated utilizing the following formula:
= 30 (IEEE 80-2000, section 15.9, equation 73)

= 46301 0.5
= 23150
The calculated earth ground fault current is 23150 amperes.
6.
CALCULATION BASIS
6.1.
THE CROSS - SECTIONAL AREA
=
(
104
K 0 + Tm
) ln ( K 0 + Ta )
Where:
I
= RMS current in kA
tC
= time of current flow in s
= conductor cross section in mm2
Tm
= maximum allowable temperature in C

According to IEEE 80 section 11.3.3, to prevent annealing of the conductors and
also because of the proximity of the flammable materials maximum temperature of
the grounding conductors was chose to be 160 C
Ta
= ambient temperature in C (52 C according to MHS-E000-EL-DC-001)

The following material constants was taken from table 1of IEEE 80:
= thermal coefficient of resistivity at reference temperature Tr
= the resistivity of the ground conductor at reference temperature
K0
=1 / o . or (1 / r) - Tr
TCAP
= thermal capacity factor in J/cm3 / C

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EARTHING RESISTANCE
The earthing resistance for one (1) rod is calculated based on following formula (ANSI / IEEE std. 80).
8
[ ( ) 1]
2
Where:
= Resistivity of soil in *m
= Length of ground rod in m
= diameter of ground rod in m
The calculation of the total ground grid is done ignoring the mutual resistance of the grid.
According to table 4.1 of IEEE 142, the majority of the resistance to remote earth occurs within 7.6 m
from electrodes. Therefore for a distance between rods of 15.2 m, the mutual resistance between rods
can be ignored. The total resistance of the grid is calculated with the following formula:
1
1
1
+
+
1
This calculation does not take into consideration the grounding grid. The closer to reality value of
earthing resistance is the output from ETAP software according to Appendix B Safety Analysis Report.
7.
7.1.
CALCULATION
THE CROSS - SECTIONAL AREA
The cross - sectional area, shall be selected not less than the value is as follows:
Case 1 Medium Voltage 11kV
0.210
=
(
= 1.142
104
3.42
242 + 160
) ln (
)
0.5 0.003 1.72
242 + 52
Case 2 Medium Voltage 6kV
0.110
104
3.42
242 + 160
(
) ln (
)
0.5 0.003 1.72
242 + 52
= 0.62
Minimum size for earthing high voltage equipment shall be copper wire 70mm2, according to job
specification MHS-E000-EL-SP-013
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Case 3 Low Voltage at substation
23.150
3.42 104
242 + 160
(
0.4 0.0038 1.72) ln ( 242 + 52 )
= 112.932
Minimum size for earthing low voltage equipment at substation shall be copper wire, 120mm2
Main substation loop shall be copper wire 120mm2, while all electrical equipment in substation shall have
2 connections of 70mm2
Case 4 Low Voltage outside substation (rest of the plant)
23.150
3.42 104
242 + 160
(
)
ln
(
)
0.02 0.0038 1.72
242 + 52
= 25.32
Minimum size for earthing low voltage equipment shall be copper wire 35mm2.
The branch conductor shall be 35mm2 and main ground conductor shall be 95mm2.
Case 5 Control and small power systems, lighting systems
12.5
104
3.42
242 + 160
(
0.02 0.0038 1.72) ln ( 242 + 52 )
= 13.72
Minimum size for earthing control and small power equipment shall be copper wire 16mm2.
Case 6 Instrumentantion system
2.5
104
3.42
242 + 160
(
0.02 0.0038 1.72) ln ( 242 + 52 )
= 2.742
Minimum size for earthing instrument equipment shall be copper wire 6mm2.
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ELECTRICAL GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION

Earthing resistance of one rod is:
100
8 2.5
[
1] = 39.03
2 2.5
16 103
=
For 6 rods:
1
1
1
++
1
91
= 0.428 (Without horizontal grid)
For more details see Appendix B.
7.3.
INSTRUMENT AND TELECOM GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE

CALCULATION
For Instrument and Telecom grid (both are identical) mounted in the proximity of the Operational Center
Building, it is considered that only half (2m) of the total 4m length of the rod is buried in the second layer
of soil. Since this portion has a much lower resistivity (2.2m compared to 100m of the first layer), the
resistance of the first layer of the rod was ignored. Earthing resistance of one rod is:
2.2
82
[
1] = 1.033
22
16 103
For 4 rods:
1
1
1
++
1
4
For more details see Appendix C.
7.4.
BUILDINGS ELECTRICAL GRID EARTHING RESISTANCE CALCULATION

2.5m length rods was considered for buildings earthing
Earthing resistance of one rod is:
100
8 2.5
[
1] = 39.03
2 2.5
16 103
For Operational Center building, there are 8 rods:

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For Substation 15 building, there are 24 rods:
1
1
1
++
1
24
1
1
1
++
1
16
8.
1
1
1
++
1
14
TOLERABLE TOUCH AND STEP POTENTIALS
8.1.
TOUCH POTENTIAL CRITERIA
The tolerable Touch potential for the soil surface areas was calculated to be as follows:
(1000 + 1.5 ) 0.157
(IEEE 80-2000, section 8.3, equation 33)
where:
Cs = is the surface layer derating factor
s= is the surface material resistivity in m
tc = is the duration of shock current in seconds.
ET = is the touch voltage in V
(1000 + 1.5 0.702 2500) 0.157

0.5
= 805
ETAP software was used to perform the above calculations and is included in the attached computer
report in Appendix B.
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STEP POTENTIAL CRITERIA
The tolerable Step potential was calculated to be as follows:
(1000 + 6 ) 0.157
(IEEE 80-2000, section 8.3, equation 30) where:

Cs = is the surface layer derating factor
s= is the surface material resistivity in m
tc = is the duration of shock current in seconds.
ES = is the step voltage in V
Tolerable Step potential at substation
(1000 + 6 0.702 2500) 0.157

0.5
= 2559V
ETAP software was used to perform the above calculations and is included in the attached computer
report in Appendix B.
9.
GRID POTENTIAL RISE
Determination of earthing resistance:
1
1
1
+
1+
20
20
1 + )]
[
(
(IEEE 80-2000, section 14, equation 52)

Where:
is the soil resistivity in m
A is the area occupied by the ground grid in m2
LT is the total buried length of conductors in m
h is the depth of the grid in m
A=852x705=600.7*103 m2
= 100
1
1
1
+
1+
= 0.0658
12550 20 600.7 103
20
1 + 0.5
[
(
600.7 103 )]
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Determination of grid potential rise:
=
= 23150 0.0658 = 1523.3
ETAP Software was used to perform the above calculations and is included in the attached report in
Appendix B.
10. LIGHTNING PROTECTION SYSTEM

This chapter states the method of assessing the need to provide lightning protection for electrical
substation/operational building. It is based on the principles laid down in BS 6651.
The following terms are defined:
P
risk: the probable number of strikes per year;
Po =
acceptable risk;
Pa =
overall risk;
Ng =
lightning flash density: the number of flashes to ground per km2 per year;
Ac =
collection area of a structure (m2)
Weighting factors:
A: use of structure;
B: type of construction;
C: contents or consequential effects;
D: degree of isolation;
E: type of country.
Wo = Overall weighting factor (A x B x C x D x E).
Wo = (1.0 x 0.4 x 1.0 x 1x 1.3)=0.52 (as per Tables 812, BS 6651)
INTERPRETATION OF ACCEPTABLE RISK (Po)
BS 6651 states:
"The risk factor method given in this code is intended to give guidance on what can, in some cases, be a
difficult problem. If the result obtained is considerably less than 10-5 (1 in 100,000) then, in absence of
other overriding considerations, protection does not appear to be necessary; if the result is greater than
10-5, say for example 10-4 (1 in 10,000), then sound reasons would be needed to support a decision not
to give protection."
Define the mean number of flashes to ground per km per year (Ng) for the geographic area concerned.
This figure is related to the number of thunderstorm days per year, see table below.
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If no accurate site information is available, the number of thunderstorm days can be obtained from the
relevant map in BS 6651.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THUNDERSTORM DAYS PER YEAR AND LIGHTNING

FLASHES PER km2 PER YEAR (Table 6, BS 6651)
Thunderstorm
days per year
Flashes per km2 per year

Mean
5
10
20
30
40
50
60
80
100
NOTES:
0.2
0.5
1.1
1.9
2.8
3.7
4.7
6.9
9.2
Limits
0.1 - 0.5
0.15 - 1
0.3 - 3
0.6 - 5
0.8 - 8
1.2 - 10
1.8 - 12
3 - 17
4 - 20
1.A thunderstorm day is a calendar day during which thunder is heard at a location.
2.The above data is taken from BS 6651.
For project locations, as per Figure 3, BS 6651, five thunderstorm days per year are considered.
Therefore, Ng=0.2.
Define the collection area of the structure (Ac).
Ac = (l x w) + (2 x l x h) + (2 x w x h) + ( x h2)
Calculate the risk using the formula: P = Ac x Ng x 10-6
Calculate the overall risk with the formula: Pa = Wo x P
10.1. OPERATIONAL CENTER BUILDING

Dimensions (l x w x h) : 45 x 17 x 6 m
Ac = 1622 m2
P = Ac x Ng x 10-6 = 324 x 10-6
Pa = Wo x P = 1.69 x 10-4
Po = 10-4
Since Pa > Po, the building should be protected against lightning.
10.2. SUBSTATION 15 BUILDING

Ac = 1917 m2
P = Ac x Ng x 10-6 = 383 x 10-6
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Pa = Wo x P = 1.99 x 10-4
Po = 10-4

Ac = 972 m2
P = Ac x Ng x 10-6 = 194 x 10-6
Pa = Wo x P = 1.01 x 10-4
Po = 10-4

Ac = 683 m2
P = Ac x Ng x 10-6 = 137 x 10-6
Pa = Wo x P = 0.7 x 10-4
Po = 10-4
Even Pa < Po, the building will be protected against lightning.
11. CONCLUSION
Average value of the backfill soil resistivity (100) shall be updated after receiving information
from the latest geological report.
Actual earth resistance according to ETAP report is 0.032 (vertical rods and horizontal grid).
Hand calculations shows earthing resistance to be 0.428 (for vertical rods), and 0.0658 for
grid. Installing vertical rods (2.5m) is essential because the superficial layer of soil may have high
resistivity during dry seasons, also to drain into the ground all faults currents and lightning strike
currents.
Main electrical ground grid conductor shall be 120 mm2 for substations area and 95 mm2 for the
rest of the plant. For electronic instrument system and telecom, main grounding grid conductor
shall be 95 mm2.
For high voltage equipments earthing, 70mm2 copper conductors has been considered adequate
in process area as branch ground conductor.
For low voltage equipments earthing, 35mm2 copper stranded conductors has been considered
in process area as branch ground conductor.
Tolerable touch potential was calculated to be 805V (see hand calculation in section 8.1). ETAP
report shows calculated touch potential to be 562.1V (see Appendix B)
Tolerable step potential was calculated to be 2559V (see hand calculation in section 8.2). ETAP
shows calculated step potential to be 146.8V (according to ETAP report in Appendix B)
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In order not to reach the tolerable touch potential and step voltage, it is necessary that the main
earthing conductor to be bare copper.
Grid potential rise was calculated to be 1523.3V (see hand calculation in section 9). In ETAP
report, taking into consideration the second layer of soil, it was calculated to be 764.7V (see
Appendix B).
Grid resistance for Instrument and Telecom was calculated to be 0.129, without considering the
horizontal grid. For the Operational Building, it was calculated to be 4.87, for substation 15
building 1.62, for substation 16 building 2.43. This values does not exceed the limits specified
in paragraph 4.
Anyway, as suggested by IEEE Std. 80, commissioning and periodic measurements shall be
performed in order to verify the design results, and to ensure that safe conditions for step and
touch voltage are guaranteed. Also, grid resistance shall be tested after commisioning and
periodically. If the measurements are as per design results, earthing system shall be extended in
order to meet the design criteria.
Following usual practice, in order to improve local safe conditions, in substations areas it is
recommended to foresee an horizontal grid of bare conductors at about 0.5m depth, eventually in
suitable filling material. Besides, additional vertical rods shall be foreseen along substations
perimeter and in correspondence of transformers neutral connection to ground. As per results
presented in table below, the decision is the usage of bare grounding conductor, as per Appendix
C (Instrument grounding system) and Appendix B (General grounding system). The results
presented in the table below represent the minimum requirement. Additional grounding rods or
grounding conductors may be added as needed. This calculation provides the minimum
requirement. The final configuration of ground grid is presented in doc. no. MHS-E000-EL-LY113. A separate single point grounding system for electronic instrument system and telecom at
Operational Building will be provided; specific study/calculation (if necessary) will be included in
relevant specific documentation managed by Instrumentation Department. For details see
Appendix C.
The Integrated Earthing System is the current state of art solution and an indispensable part of
electrical & instrument operations as per IEC-61000-5.2. As recommended by IEC 61000-5-2 &
unless otherwise specified in Instrumentation design basis a single integrated earthing system
shall be installed. The objective of this integrated earthing system is to provide a common ground
plant reference for lightning protection, electrical & electronic systems and a well-defined return
current path resulting in a low transfer impedance of equipment to be protected. As per IEC
62305-3 and BS 6651, a single integrated earth termination system is preferable and is suitable
for all purposes (i.e. lightning protection, power systems, telecommunication systems, instrument
systems). The earthing resistance shall be, in this case, the lowest value needed for any of the
individual services. Electronic systems shall be protected by using surge protection devices.
Int. Rev.: 05a

COMPANY
Document Title:
Document Number:

Proj. No.
38687901
Field
MHS
Unit
E000
Disc.
EL
Type
CC
Seq.
107
Rev.
05
Page 17 of 24
Summary Table
Case study
Ground
resistance
(ohm)
GPR
(V)
Instrument grounding
system (see Appendix C)
0.322
General grounding system

(see Appendix B)
0.032
Touch Potential (V)
Step Potential (V)
Conductor length
/size
No
of
rods
Tolerable
Calculated
Tolerable
Calculated
867.8
4032.9
4012.5
12801.3
2023.1
40m/95mm2
764.7
901.8
562.1
2862.5
146.8
12550m/95mm2 *
91
*120 mm2 for electrical substations areas
12.
APPENDICES
1. Appendix A Graphical and approximate analysis of current division
2. Appendix B Safety Analysis Report General grounding grid
3. Appendix C Safety Analysis Report Instrumentation grounding grid
Int. Rev.: 05a

COMPANY
Document Title:
Document Number:

Proj. No.
38687901
Field
MHS
Unit
E000
Disc.
EL
Type
CC
Seq.
107
Rev.
05
Page 18 of 24
Appendix A: Graphical and approximate analysis of current division
Int. Rev.: 05a
APPENDIX B
Project:
BID BOLAND II GAS TREATING II
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
ELE-GND
Electrical Transient Analyzer Program
Ground Grid Systems

IEEE Std 80-2000
Number of Ground Conductors:
16
Number of Ground Rods:
91
Total Length of Ground Conductors:
12550.00 m
Total Length of Ground Rods:
228.00 m
Frequency: 50.0
Unit System:
Metric
Project Filename: GROUNDING

Output Filename: H:\Bidboland\Etap Projects\Mahshahr working\Mahshahr\Grid1_Grid1.GR1
Page:
Date:
03-19-2016
SN:
12345678
Filename: GROUNDING
APPENDIX B
Project:
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
ELE-GND
Page:
Date:
03-19-2016
SN:
12345678
Filename: GROUNDING
Ground Grid Input Data

System Data:
Short-Circuit Current
Ambient
Weight Temp.
C
kg
Freq.
Hz
50.0
70
Total
Fault
Current
kA
52.00
Cp
Tf
Tc
Ts
Division
Projection
Factor
%
Factor
%
for
Total Fault
Duration
for Sizing
Ground
Conductors
for
Available
Body Current
50.0
100.0
0.40
0.40
X/R
5.00
46.301
Fault Duration (Seconds)
Sf
0.40
Soil Data:
Surface Material
Upper Layer Soil
Lower Layer Soil
Material Type
Resistivity
W.m
Depth
m
Material Type
Resistivity
W.m
Clean limestone
2500.0
0.100
Moist soil
100.0
Material Constants:
Depth
m
MaterialType
2.50
Moist soil
Resistivity of
Fusing
Ground Conductor
Temperature
@ 20C
Conductivity
r Factor
@ 20 C
K0 @
1/C
0 C
Conductor/Rod
Type
Conductor
Copper, commercial hard-drawn
97.0
0.00381
242.0
Rod
Copper-clad steel rod
20.0
0.00378
245.0
Length
cm
No. of
Rods
1.600
2.50
91
Rods Throughout Grid Area
1084.0
1.78
3.42
1084.0
8.62
3.85
100.00
Grid Configuration:
Conductor
Size
mm
95
Grid Length m
Number of Conductors
Depth
m
Lx
Ly
in X
Direction
0.50
700.00
850.00
in Y
Direction
Separation m
in X
Direction
87.5
Cost:
Conductor
Total
No.
16
Total Length
m
12550.00
Rod
Cost
$
125500.00
Total
No.
91
Total Length
m
227.50
Cost
$
9100.00
Total Cost
$
134600.00
in Y
Direction
141.7
Thermal
Capacity
Per Unit Volume
J/(cm.C)
Cost
$/Rod
Arrangement
2.2
.cm
Rod Data:
Diameter
Resistivity
W.m
Cost
$/m
10.00
Shape: Rectangular
APPENDIX B
Project:
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
ELE-GND
Page:
Date:
03-19-2016
SN:
12345678
Filename: GROUNDING
Ground Grid Summary Report

Rg
Ground
Resistance
Ohm
GPR
Ground
Potential Rise
Volts
0.032
764.7
Touch Potential
Tolerable
Volts
901.8
Calculated
Volts
562.1
Step Potential
Calculated
%
62.3
Tolerable
Volts
2862.5
Calculated
Volts
146.8
Calculated
%
5.1
Total Fault Current:
46.301 kA
Reflection Factor (K):
-0.923
Maximum Grid Current:
23.607 kA
Surface Layer Derating Factor (Cs):
0.702
Decrement Factor (Df):
1.020
Grid area is smaller than 6.25 m or greater than 10,000 m

Spacing between parallel conductors is smaller than 2.5 m or greater than 22.5 m
APPENDIX C
Project:
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
INS-GND
Electrical Transient Analyzer Program
Ground Grid Systems

IEEE Std 80-2000
Number of Ground Conductors:
Number of Ground Rods:
Total Length of Ground Conductors:
40.00 m
Total Length of Ground Rods:
16.00 m
Frequency: 50.0
Unit System:
Metric
Project Filename: INSTRUMENT GND

Output Filename: H:\Bidboland\Etap Projects\Mahshahr working\Mahshahr\Grid1_Grid1.GR1
Page:
Date:
03-13-2016
SN:
12345678
Filename: INSTRUMENT GND
APPENDIX C
Project:
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
INS-GND
Page:
Date:
03-13-2016
SN:
12345678
Ground Grid Input Data

System Data:
Short-Circuit Current
Ambient
Weight Temp.
C
kg
Freq.
Hz
50.0
70
Total
Fault
Current
kA
52.00
Cp
Tf
Tc
Ts
Division
Projection
Factor
%
Factor
%
for
Total Fault
Duration
for Sizing
Ground
Conductors
for
Available
Body Current
50.0
100.0
0.02
0.02
X/R
1.00
5.000
Fault Duration (Seconds)
Sf
0.02
Soil Data:
Surface Material
Upper Layer Soil
Lower Layer Soil
Material Type
Resistivity
W.m
Depth
m
Material Type
Resistivity
W.m
Clean limestone
2500.0
0.100
Moist soil
100.0
Material Constants:
Depth
m
MaterialType
2.50
Moist soil
Resistivity of
Fusing
Ground Conductor
Temperature
@ 20C
Conductivity
r Factor
@ 20 C
K0 @
1/C
0 C
Conductor/Rod
Type
Conductor
Copper, commercial hard-drawn
97.0
0.00381
242.0
Rod
Copper-clad steel rod
20.0
0.00378
245.0
Length
cm
1.600
4.00
No. of
Rods
4
Rods Throughout Grid Area
1084.0
1.78
3.42
1084.0
8.62
3.85
100.00
Grid Configuration:
Conductor
Size
mm
Depth
m
95
0.50
Grid Length m
Number of Conductors
Lx
Ly
in X
Direction
10.00
10.00
in Y
Direction
Separation m
in X
Direction
in Y
Direction
10.0
10.0
Cost:
Conductor
Total
No.
4
Total Length
m
40.00
Rod
Cost
$
400.00
Total
No.
4
Total Length
m
16.00
Cost
$
400.00
Total Cost
$
800.00
Thermal
Capacity
Per Unit Volume
J/(cm.C)
Cost
$/Rod
Arrangement
2.2
.cm
Rod Data:
Diameter
Resistivity
W.m
Cost
$/m
10.00
Shape: Rectangular
APPENDIX C
Project:
Location:
MAHSHAHR
Contract:
38687901
Engineer:
TGA
ETAP
7.5.0
Study Case:
INS-GND
Page:
Date:
03-13-2016
SN:
12345678
Ground Grid Summary Report

Rg
Ground
Resistance
Ohm
GPR
Ground
Potential Rise
Volts
0.322
867.8
Touch Potential
Tolerable
Volts
4032.9
Calculated
Volts
4012.5
Step Potential
Calculated
%
99.5
Tolerable
Volts
12801.3
Calculated
Volts
2023.1
Calculated
%
15.8
Total Fault Current:
5.000 kA
Reflection Factor (K):
-0.923
Maximum Grid Current:
2.692 kA
Surface Layer Derating Factor (Cs):
0.702
Decrement Factor (Df):
1.077

Persian Gulf Bid Boland Gas Treating Project Earth Resistance Calculation

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PERSIAN GULF BID BOLAND GAS TREATING

EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SYSTEM CALCULATION

EARTHING AND LIGHTNING SYSTEM CALCULATION

SPG Steiner GmbH

Issued for Review

Int. Rev.: 05a