One sample z Test is used to estimate the mean of a population and compare it to a target or

reference value when you know the standard deviation of the population. Using this test, you can:
Determine whether the mean of a group differs from a specified value.

Example 1:
In the population, the average IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15. A team of scientists wants to test a
new medication to see if it has either a positive or negative effect on intelligence or no effect at all. A sample of 30
participants who have taken the medication has a mean of 140. Did the medication affect intelligence, using alpha =
0.05?
1. Define Null and Alternative Hypotheses

2. State Alpha
Using an alpha of 0.05 with a two-tailed test; a = 0.05
3. State Decision Rule

Here we have 0.025 in each tail. Looking up 1 - 0.025 in our z-table, we find a critical value of 1.96. Thus, our
decision rule for this two-tailed test is: If Z is less than -1.96, or greater than 1.96, reject the null hypothesis.
4. Calculate Test Statistic

5. State Results
Decision Rule: If Z is less than -1.96, or greater than 1.96, reject the null hypothesis.
Z = 14.60

Submitted By: Bea Clarisse A. Manese

Section: BT304P

Result: Reject the null hypothesis.

6. State Conclusion
Medication significantly affected intelligence, z = 14.60, p < 0.05
Example 2:
A principal at a certain school claims that the students in his school are above average intelligence. A
random sample of thirty students IQ scores have a mean score of 112. Is there sufficient evidence to support the
principals claim? The mean population IQ is 100 with a standard deviation of 15.

1: State the Null hypothesis.

The accepted fact is that the population mean is 100, so: H0: =100.

2: State the Alternate Hypothesis.

The claim is that the students have above average IQ scores, so: H1: > 100.
The fact that we are looking for scores greater than a certain point means that this is a one-tailed test.

3: Draw a picture to help you visualize the problem.

3. State the alpha level.

If you arent given an alpha level, use 5% (0.05).

4. Find the rejection region area (given by your alpha level above) from the z-table.
An area of .05 is equal to a z-score of 1.645.

Submitted By: Bea Clarisse A. Manese

Section: BT304P

5. Find the test statistic using this formula:

For this set of data: z= (112.5-100) / (15/30) =4.56.

6. If Step 6 is greater than Step 4, reject the null hypothesis. If its less than Step 4, you cannot reject the null
hypothesis. In this case, it is greater, so you can reject the null.

One sample t-test is a statistical procedure used to examine the mean difference between the sample
and the known value of the population mean.
Example 1:
A population of heights has a =68. What is the probability of selecting a sample of size n=25 that has a mean of 70
or greater and a s=4?
We hypothesized about a population of heights with a mean of 68 inches. However, we do not know the population
standard deviation. This tells us we must use a t-test instead of a z-test

1. State the hypotheses H0: =68 H1: 68

2. Set the criterion
One-tail test or two-tail test?
=? df = n-1 = ?
See table for critical t-value
3. Collect sample data, calculate x and s from the example we know the sample mean is 70, with a standard
deviation (s) of 4.
4. Calculate the test statistic
Submitted By: Bea Clarisse A. Manese
Section: BT304P

 Calculate the estimated standard error of the mean

Calculate the t-statistic for the sample x s x t = sx = s n = 4 25 = 0.8 t = 70 68 0.8 = 2.5
5: Reject H0 if tobt is more extreme than tcrit
The critical value for a one-tailed t-test with df = 24 and =.05 is 1.711
Will we reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Example 2:
A researcher is interested in determining whether or not review sessions affect exam performance. The independent
variable, a review session, is administered to a sample of students (n=9) in an attempt to determine if this has an
effect on the dependent variable, exam performance. Based on information gathered in previous semesters, I know
that the population mean for a given exam is 24. The sample mean is 25, with a standard deviation (s) of 4.

We hypothesized about a population mean for students who get a review based on the information from the
population who didnt get a review (=24). However, we do not know the population standard deviation. This tells us
we must use a t-test instead of a z test
1. State the hypotheses H0: =24 H1: 24
2. Set the criterion
One-tail test or two-tail test?
=?
df = n-1 = ?
See table for critical t-value Step
3: Collect sample data, calculate x and s from the example we know the sample mean is 25, with a standard
deviation (s) of 4. S

Submitted By: Bea Clarisse A. Manese

Section: BT304P

4: Calculate the test statistic

5: Reject H0 if tobt is more extreme than tcrit

The critical value for a one-tailed t-test with df=8 and =.05 is 1.86
Will we reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Submitted By: Bea Clarisse A. Manese

Section: BT304P