I realized I could never devote myself, as a faithful husband, to a woman who wasted the

prettiest years of her life before she met me.

If you meet your wife when shes older than around 23 or 24:
You are eating someone elses cold leftovers, then doing their dishes.
You are showing up to a party after everyone has left and cleaning up after them.
You are getting into a taxi and paying the fare of the person who got out before you.
You are taking the nearly expired milk to the grocery store counter and offering to pay double for
it.
You are paying the Manufacturer Suggested Retail Price for a used car.
You are letting someone sext with your girl, then paying his phone bill for him.
Your friend has sex with a prostitute, then after he enjoys the fruits you pay the bill and get throw
in jail for
solicitation.
You are part of a street fight where a guy gets a few good punches in, and the opponent punches
YOU for retaliation, not him.
You are paying for someones credit card bill full of reckless spending and partying that you
never got to enjoy.
You are outbidding everyone on an eBay product by thousands of dollars.
You are trying to unclog somebody elses clogged toilet.
You are watching somebody shake a hornets nest, then getting stung as he runs away unscathed.
You see someone chug a beer, then drink the bitter teaspoon of ass beer at the bottom of the can.
You are letting someone eat all the creme filling from a box of Oreos, then pay full price for the
bland chocolate wafers.

A girl who refuses to get married young is offering a raw deal. She is vastly overvaluing her
product, and undervaluing your time and money.
Marriage only makes sense for a man when a girls prime years of beauty and fertility are upfront
payment for a lifetime of loving masculine support. Men rationally know this.
Is it any wonder, then, that as females are delaying marriage longer, they are finding less willing
men?
Youthful arrogance is the yellow brick road to spinsterhood.
Filed

MY FATHERS ADVICE TO ME WHEN I WAS SEARCHING FOR A WIFE #Nigeria

#SouthAfrica #Zimbabwe #Kenya
December 29, 2015 | by ZimbabweToday |
My son, I will be very raw and sincere with you.
Do not worry about the size of a woman buttock
or breast but worry about the size of her heart
and brain. Worry about the size of her love and
endurance. Because after 5 or 10 years, it will not
be about the breast or buttock.
As you can see, your mum now has a flat chest
and almost flat buttock but we still live together
happily, I still love her and she still love me.
Be careful of a woman that loves money. I mean
the woman that talks every time about her hair,
cloths, shoes, bags panties and make-ups.
Marriage is not all about these things. Without
make-up, cloths, shoes and panties a good
marriage will still stand but without love, no
marriage can stand.

When I got married to your mum, I didnt have a

car or house of my own. I was not even
educated. But I had dreams and she appreciate
and support me. Any woman that does not
support your dream is not worth thinking-aminute about. There are women that will see your
dreams better than you, you are lucky if you find
one,
My son, open your ears very well, there is a kind
of woman you should avoid, do not make a
mistake to marry this kind of woman or you will
regret it. I mean a woman that always has bad
things to say about everyone. If you see this kind
of woman, run away.
One of the worst kind of woman you can marry is
the one that complains about everything. If you
buy this, she says you should have bought that, if
you do this, she said you should have done that.
Please stay away!
Most women enjoy talking but the one who talks
for two hours and listen for two minutes is a
potential bomb. Be wise
Be very careful of a pretending partner. A
pretending woman is not hard to know. She will
always know everything about everything, she will
be careful. Just close your eyes and open your
heart and you will see!
No woman is perfect. If you see a woman who
believes in your dream , who respects you who is
committed and who is not all about herself alone
then dont let her go.

But remember, you must not be a wayward man.

I have trained you!
If you find a good woman but you are a bad man,
you wont have a good marriage!
I wont pick a wife for you but I have given you
my advice. When you find her, bring her for my
blessings.
May you find a woman that will increase you not
decrease you..
Report scarf
Broadly there are 6 departments in any advertising agency

Account Servicing

Account Planning

Media

Creative

Production

Finance and Accounting

Account service department

The account service, or the account management department, is the link between the ad agency
and its clients. Depending upon the size of the account and its advertising budget one or two
account executives serve as liason to the client. The account executives job requires high degree
of diplomacy and tact as misunderstanding may lead to loss of an account. The account executive
is mainly responsible to gain knowledge about the clients business, profit goals, marketing
problems and advertising objectives.

The account executive is responsible for getting approved the media schedules, budgets and
rough ads or story boards from the client. The next task is to make sure that the agency personnel
produce the advertising to the clients satisfaction. The biggest role of the account executive is
keeping the agency ahead of the client through follow-up and communications.
Media department
The responsibility of the agencys media department is to develop a media plan to reach the
target audience effectively in a cost effective manner. The staff analyses, selects and contracts for
media time or space that will be used to deliver the ad message. This is one of the most important
decisions since a significantly large part of the clients money is spent on the media time and/or
space. The media department has acquired increasing importance in an agencys business as large
advertisers seem to be more inclined to consolidate media buying with one or few agencies
thereby saving money and improving media efficiency.

Creative department
To a large extent, the success of an ad agency depends upon the creative department responsible
for the creation and execution of the advertisements. The creative specialists are known as
copywriters. They are the ones who conceive ideas for the ads and write the headlines, subheads
and the body copy. They are also involved in deciding the basic theme of the advertising
campaign, and often they do prepare the rough layout of the print ad or the commercial story
board.
Creation of an ad is the responsibility of the copywriters and the art department decides how the
ad should look.
Production department

After the completion and approval of the copy and the illustrations the ad is sent to the
production department. Generally agencies do not actually produce the finished ads; instead they
hire printers, photographers, engravers, typographers and others to complete the finished ad. For
the production of the approved TV commercial, the production department may supervise the
casting of actors to appear in the ad, the setting for scenes and selecting an independent
production studio. The production department sometimes hires an outside director to transform
the creative concept to a commercial.
Finance and accounting department
An advertising agency is in the business of providing services and must be managed that way.
Thus, it has to perform various functions such as accounting, finance, human resources etc. it
must also attempt to generate new business. Also this department is important since bulk of the
agencys income approx. 65% goes as salary and benefits to the employees.
Filed in: Advertising

Functions of various departments

Every organisation is made up of different department. Each department contributes to the
running of the business. The most common departments are:

Production

Marketing & Sales

Finance

Human resource

and in some cases, Information Technology departments

Production Department

The production department is responsible for converting inputs into outputs through the stages of
production processes. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure that raw materials
are provided and made into finished goods effectively. He or she must make sure that work is
carried out smoothly, and must supervise procedures for making work more efficient and more
enjoyable.
There are five production sub-functions

Production and planning.

They will set the standards and targets at each stage of the production process. The quantity and
quality of products coming off a production line will be closely monitored.

Purchasing department

This department will provide the materials, components and equipment required. An essential
part of this responsibility is to ensure that stocks arrive on time and are of good quality

The stores department

The stores department are responsible for stocking all the necessary tools, , raw materials and
equipment required to service the manufacturing process.

The design and technical support department

They are responsible for the design and testing of new product processes and product types,
together with the development of prototypes through to the final product.

The works department

This department is concerned with the manufacture of products. This will include the
maintenance of the production line and other necessary repairs. The works department may also
have responsibility for quality control and inspection.
Human resource Department
The role of Human resource department is in charge of recruiting, training, and the dismissal of
employees in an organisation.

Recruitment and selection

Training programmes

Training programs are held by the HRD to improve the employees skills, as well as to motivate
them.
There are three main types of training :
1. Induction training
2. On-the- job training
3. Off-the-job training

Manpower Planning

The HR department needs to think ahead and establish the number and skills of the workforce
required by the business in the future. Failure to do this could lead to too few or too many staff
or staff with inappropriate needs.

Dismissal and Redundancy (retrenchment)

Dismissal is where a worker is told to leave their job due to unsatisfactory work or behaviour.
Redundancy is when the business needs to reduce the number of employees either because it is
closing down a branch or needs to reduce costs due to falling profits. It may also be due to
technological improvements, and the workers are no longer needed.
Marketing department
These are the main section of the market departments:

Sales department is responsible for the sales and distribution of the products to the
different regions.

Research & Department is responsible for market research and testing new products to
make sure that they are suitable to be sold.

Promotion department decides on the type of promotion method for the products,
arranges advertisements and the advertising media used.

Distribution department transports the products to the market.

Finance Department

Book keeping procedures

keeping records of the purchases and sales made by a business as well as capital
spending.

Preparing Final Accounts

Profit and loss account and Balance Sheets

Providing management information

Managers require ongoing financial information to enable them to make better decisions.

Management of wages
the wages section of the finance department will be responsible for calculating the wages
and salaries of employees and organizing the collection of income tax and national
insurance for the Inland Revenue.

Raising Finance
The finance department will also be responsible for the technical details of how a
business raises finance e.g. through loans, and the repayment of interest on that finance.
In addition it will supervise the payment of dividends to shareholders.

Accounting department
Finance department oversees all the financial transactions of the firm. It ensures that the business
profitability is of such a degree and that the business is able to continually be functional. In the
accounts division they concentrate mainly on cashbook receipts and payments, petty cash
payments and banking. This department prepares all financial information for Internal and
External Reporting, for example annual reports such as profit and loss statements, cash flow
statements and board reports that are used by the board of directors in their meetings. The
department is also responsible for the keeping of all financial records. It is the one that rates the
viability of company projects and finance all the day to day running expenses of the firm. It also

plays an important role in sourcing funds from other financial institutions for financing company
projects.
An advertising agency is in the business of providing services and must be managed that way.
Thus, it has to perform various functions such as accounting, multimedia, production etc. It must
also attempt to generate new business. Also this department is important since bulk of the
agencys income approx. 65% goes as salary and benefits to the employees.
Functions of finance department
The functions of finance department include;

Cash control
Production of financial and management reports, thus producing accurate monthly

and cumulative outlet profit and loss reports

Debtors and creditors control
Reconciliation of balance sheet accounts, asset registers to ledger control accounts,

debtors and creditors accounts and bank statements.

Balancing of route return that is balancing every route return within 10 minutes of

submission by the salesman and raise deposits slip and deposit money in the safe.
Banking- ensure all money in the safe is collected for banking
Purchase order processing
Record keeping
Financing of projects
Sourcing funds for the firm.

A copywriter is the person who comes up with the ideas and words (or "copy") that get an
advertising or promotional message across clearly and effectively. Traditionally, a copywriter's
job was to create the text for advertisements, promotional brochures, and other public relations
communications. As digital media has expanded, copywriters may also focus on writing copy
that promotes a product or a website generally. Some web writers who produce more general
copy that is not ultimately promotional, however, may be called content writers.

Nature of the Work

Copywriters usually work as part of a team to develop promotional materials designed to sell a
product, service, person, or idea. It helps to be skilled with language and very familiar with the
industry of the product they are promoting; someone who works for a confectionery company,
for example, should know the terminology and be familiar with the products made by the
company's competitors. Knowledge of existing ad campaigns, including historic campaigns
produced by an employer, is also useful, as it can help a copywriter set a new tone or direction
while avoiding past mistakes.

Ad
During a typical project, the copywriter works closely with the client and other creative team
members to generate ideas. An art director supervises the process and directs the visual side of
the campaign. From those brainstorming sessions comes a working script which will set the tone
for the other elements that will set the tone for other modes of information that may be used in
conjunction with the copy, including video, music, narration, and acting. Considerations that the
creative team should keep in mind include the companys reputation and mission, the nature of
the product, and what kind of message the company wants to send in its advertising. A shoe
company, for example, might want a quirky, fun advertisement, while a cancer treatment center
might prefer more serious copy.

Choosing Just the Right Word

Careful word choice is important in this field, as is an attention to detail. Copywriters should
have a broad vocabulary that allows them to choose precisely the words they want, whether they
are writing copy for a merchandising card that will be used in stores or producing a summary in
an annual report. Selecting just the right turn of phrase for a slogan can take days or even weeks
in some cases. They copywriter should remain sensitive to social and cultural trends to avoid
causing offense or confusing readers with bad phrasing.

Copywriters may develop eye-catching slogans, copy for billboards and advertisements, and
detailed scripts for radio and television appearances. Some may write press releases, annual
reports, and other informational documents. This can involve working with people like
accountants and analysts to turn dry statistics into interesting and informative reading material
for shareholders and members of the public.

Working Under Pressure

Many times, a copywriter works under tight space or timing constraints, so a degree of creativity
and the ability to think under pressure is a helpful trait. Clients can also be very demanding and
expect constant communication on the progress of a project. Good verbal communication is
useful for copywriters and their teams so they can work smoothly and efficiently, both together
and with clients.

Education and Experience Requirements

A good copywriter usually has a strong background in English and/or journalism. High school
students with an interest in this field may want to consider working for the school newspaper and
taking writing electives. In college, majors like journalism, advertising, or English are all good
choices for career development. To get more experience, students may want work at a college
newspaper or magazine and pursue internships with advertising firms and other companies that
use copywriters.

A college degree is not required to become a copywriter, but it can be useful. Entry-level
positions may pay slightly more for applicants with college degrees because of their higher skill
level, and college can provide an opportunity to gain experience and to network, which may be

helpful later in a copywriter's career. Experience is key for most positions; many well-paid jobs
require at least three to five years of experience at a large copywriting firm. Knowledge of digital
media can also be a helpful skill to cultivate for people interested in pursuing careers in this area.

Career Prospects

Positions in advertising agencies can offer steady pay and mentoring, along with opportunities
for advancement over time. A copywriter working for a high-end professional advertising agency
can do quite well financially, particularly in a lead role. Copywriters can also work in the
advertising department of a specific company, handling particular product lines or brands. Others
work as freelancers and independent contractors who provide services when needed, which can
offer flexibility in terms of hours and pay.

Career development doesnt have to stop with becoming a copywriter. Many people who hone
their writing skills as copywriters move on to journalism, writing books, editing, and other jobs.
Some notable writers including Salman Rushdie, Dorothy Sayers, and Don DeLillo got started in
copywriting

SUMMARY
Responsible for brainstorming, creating, and transforming ideas into words for articles,
advertisements, publications, and pamphlets. Writes words and text for television commercials,
radio, Internet content, jingles, websites, press releases, flyers, and direct mail literature.
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITIES

Write copy for clients' ads, brochures, TV spots, radio, and other forms of advertising.

Research the technical properties of products.

Determine what makes products appealing to consumers.

Develop unique, new concepts.

Conceive, develop and produce effective advertising campaigns.

Work with account executives to determine client needs and budget.

Ensure campaign stays within budget.

Create and present storyboards of ideas.

Work with art directors to create ideas.

Write clear and persuasive copy for websites, brochures, ads, and other means of
advertising.

Update digital media with timely content.

Perform search engine optimization techniques.

Oversee campaigns from production to completion.

Revise, edit, and proofread content as needed or directed by client.

Respond to feedback in a timely manner.

Work within tight deadlines.

Cast actors for TV and radio work, including voiceovers.

Monitor and change advertising campaigns to change effectiveness.

Check copy for spelling and grammar errors.

Work with media planners/buyers and the production department to fully develop the
advertising campaign.

Research competitors and keep abreast of market trends.

Explore different ideas and concepts for both the visual and verbal elements in tandem
with the creative team.

Work with designers, illustrators, printers, photographers and production companies to

complete the campaign.

Write press releases advertising new products.

Research atomic preparations

The 3 Biggest Challenges Facing Marketing Agencies
Written by Mike Goulet
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This article was written by Mike Goulet and Tyler Orfao

This blog post provides a glimpse into the biggest challenges facing the marketing services
industry today. It also serves to launch an initiative to gain greater insight into the marketing
services industry through a survey and industry report that will help marketing agencies with
their own challenges .
Based on preliminary data HubSpot has been collecting from marketing agencies, some common
trends have emerged that we feel are worth sharing. The most pressing and valuable trend to
address is what agencies say is their biggest challenge. Two thirds of the marketing agencies
polled listed the following 3 issues as their biggest marketing challenge:

1. Not Generating Enough Leads

Ironically, the challenge marketing agencies struggle with the most is marketing for themselves.
This is understandable, however, since there are so many factors that go into generating leads. A
lot of this could be contributed to choosing marketing channels that are interruptive and non-

permission based in nature. Potential customers are increasingly less tolerant of outbound
marketing practices and search for the products and services they seek to buy. Another
contributing factor could be that these marketing agencies often prioritize working with their
current clients over lead generation activities.
What Agencies Can Do: Marketing agencies with this problem should reconsider which
marketing channels they use to reach their prospects, and use more inbound marketing
techniques like blogging, SEO and social media to generate traffic. In order to turn traffic into
leads, agencies should also start using some top of the funnel lead generation offers because
potential leads are more inclined to download marketing material if it provides helpful advice.
Agencies must also streamline client delivery processes in order to free resources that can then
be spent on business development and lead generation activities. In turn, this will lower the
reliance on referrals and repeat business, which is often hard to predict and grow.
2. Cash Flow is Too Variable
Marketing agencies who considered this to be their biggest challenge are typically too tactical
and tend to specialize in only a few services for their clients. By only performing niche services
like website design or social media marketing, these agencies mostly acquire projects rather than
retainers, leaving clients to rely on them for only a brief time. Left with only project work, cash
flow becomes unpredictable and often leads to financial challenges.
What Agencies Can Do: Agencies should develop a process that encourages continuous, highlevel collaboration with clients across a variety of specific online marketing activities. These
activities and services should also enable the monitoring of a lead from its earliest conversion to
the final sale. In doing so, agencies can determine how to repeat the marketing activities that
produce sales and increase clients ROI. This complete marketing strategy also ensures that
agencies become a critical component of a clients success, which results in more retainer
opportunities and more dependable cash flow.
3. Difficulty Signing Up New Clients
This problem is often the result of poor sales practices. Many marketing agencies rely on their
portfolios, hoping that their past work will impress their prospect enough to sell them. A lackluster sales process ignores specific client needs and fails to probe deeper into a clients overall

goals. Potential clients will leave the sales pitch disinterested and frustrated from hearing only
about the agencys capabilities. Similar to the previous challenge, these marketing agencies
could be unable to close a deal due to the lack of adequate services required to accomplish the
prospects marketing goals.
What agencies can do: Agencies need to develop a stronger sales process to determine their
prospects goals and challenges, as well as devise plans together. Truly robust sales processes
focus on client pain points and goal-oriented solutions. Agencies should also consider using a
customer relationship management (CRM) system that tracks lead intelligence and activity.
Finally, like the previous challenge, these agencies should also reconsider their service offerings,
and keep in mind customers may want complete and integrated marketing solutions.
Interested in learning more about how to conquer these challenges? Well, we are too, and could
use your help! We are conducting a survey for marketing agencies that will identify what makes
a strong marketing agency impervious to these weaknesses. After collecting the surveys we will
create a State of the Marketing Services Industry Report that:

Identifies industry best practices.

Determines what makes a successful marketing services package.

Delves deeper into lead generation, retainers, and other components of the marketing
services sales process.

Survey Image Credit: Patrick M. Len via Flicker

Challenges Facing Today's Advertising Company

Despite the fact that the advertising industry is looking up in 2012, challenges still exist.

Jennifer Goforth Gregory

Freelance Content Marketing Writer and Strategist, Freelance Writer for National Brands
including IBM, Ameriprise, Adobe, Samsung and Hewlett Packard

Follow

MARCH 01, 2012

If the predictions are right, 2012 will be a good year for the advertising industry.
ZenithOptimedia is predicting a 3.6 percent increase in advertising revenue over 2011. The
prediction was even slightly increased late in the year due to signs of an improving economy,
such as growth in retail sales and record Black Friday sales of $11.4 billion. Additionally, the
2012 Olympics and the 2012 Presidential Election are expected to steadily increase the
advertising dollars spent.
Most likely, the trend where dollars are spent will follow the same path as 2011, with increases
in Internet and cable TV advertising and decreases in newspapers, magazines, network TV and
syndication. But even with the positive news, the significant changes in the advertising industry
and the economic downturn in recent years has left the industry with many challenges.

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article.
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Staff turnover
The recent recession has left a large impact on the staff of advertising agencies. Many agencies
downsized or laid off employees while other employees moved to different industries because

they were unsure about their jobs. These changes resulted in high turnover at many firms, which
weakened client ties to the agency because many people that clients had developed relationships
with were no longer at the firmor may not be there tomorrow. The lack of consistent
relationships makes it easier for a client to take their business down the street. (Get advice
on how to hold on to your best employees.)
Perhaps more significantly, it's difficult to maintain consistent creative approaches and media
buying strategies when writers, art directors and media buyers don't remain agency employees
beyond one airing of an ad campaign, says Bill McCabe, CEO at TV ad agency A. Eicoff &
Company.
The role of print in advertising
For many years, advertising agencies focused primarily on traditional print advertising, along
with television media. But the Internet and social media have dramatically changed the role that
print advertising plays in a companys overall strategy, and advertising agencies must determine
the new role for print, if any.
Sandra L. Brooks, with BrooksLacayo, an advertising, branding and PR firm in Jacksonville,
Fla., says that she is not convinced that print will go away entirely, but that the use of e-readers
and other devices will simply increase. For agencies that have kept pace with technology
advances over the past 20 years, this progression should be viewed as logical next steps and not
be daunting. But if a young agency is trying to get in the game, building the internal knowledge
and/or external resources takes time and patience, Brooks says.
Evaluating the effectiveness of content and brand marketing
Content and brand marketing have become a leading advertising strategy in recent years. But
one of the challenges is evaluating the effectiveness of this type of advertising and selling the
client on the ROI of brand marketing. Advertising agencies will need to master brand marketing
and also be able to quantify the increased revenue to clients. The industry will also need to work
to focus more on the customer than the client with this type of marketing. Those agencies that
turn the art of brand marketing into more of a science will find themselves with an edge over
others.

Effectively using social media to sell services to clients

Social media has dramatically changed the advertising game and presents many challenges for
advertising agencies. Some of the hurdles include using social media to make money for clients,
successfully integrating social media into overall campaigns and convincing clients that hiring
experts in social media can be more effective than doing it themselves.
The broad social media phenomena is a game changer for the advertising industry and must be
integrated with traditional campaigns, Brooks says. One of the challenges is that virtually
every individual with a Facebook page believes themselves to be experts and hang out their
shingle. Doing it right is hard work that requires a strategy for capturing followers, responders
and a specific action beyond 'like.'
The challenges might seem significant, but the changes and obstacles give agencies many new
chances to stand out from the crowd. And although the technology seems new, it provides more
opportunity for creative and innovative thinking in the industry.
Jennifer Gregory is a journalist with over 17 years professional writing experience. Jennifer
blogs via Contently.com.
Photo credit: Thinkstock
Ultimately, the biggest challenge facing digital advertising agencies is being squeezed on
both sides.
The big agencies that purport to do all the media buying on behalf of their client will
increasingly position the benefit of being with them as an integrated marketing firm that
can not only maintain consistency of brand across traditional (TV, radio) and digital, but
can also manage the entire customer path including cost and lead nurturing. For instance, if
the TV campaign is specific to a particular message, the advertiser will want the same
message to reach the user regardless of what device they use, be it a tablet, phone, TV,
desktop, magazine, etc. Their ability to track all of the touch points, both traditional and
digital, in the CRM tool will become their greatest differentiator.
On the other side, there are the digital agencies that claim specific niche expertise in one of
the many digital channels, such as mobile, social, search, display, etc. These firms can point
to deep and specialized knowledge that no generalist can compete with. Just by being
experts in one of the digital channels, it is reasonable that they will be able to outperform
any generalist - especially as performance measurement becomes the standard.

Due to these facts, it is important for digital advertising agencies to tout their respective
advantages, as advertisers decide what is most important to their companies and
campaigns.
Written Apr 29, 2013 View Upvotes
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Sha re

Samit Malkani, Brand & Creative Lead at Google India. Formerly Creative Head at
Interactive ...
1.4k Views

These are a few things I can think of basis my time in a digital agency and, now, a publisher.
Pricing: Digital advertising is very time- and labour-intensive - hence, cost-intensive. Costs
of acquiring new technology are high. What's more, in India, clients assume digital is
'cheap'. Hence, pricing is a great challenge to agencies - how do we stay afloat and win the
business at the same time.
Partnerships: No digital agency in India has consistent access to great content and
technology. So, they may build apps...but not sustain them due to lack of content. Or
struggle to build high-quality technical solutions.
Brand Custodianship: Few digital agencies in India are perceived to understand
branding very well. Which makes clients - and mainline agencies - want to steer clear.
Written May 3, 2011 View Upvotes
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Sha re

Scott Miller, Business Owner, Entrepreneur, Marketing and Advertising Executive,

Mortgage B...
1.4k Views

One of the biggest challenges facing owners of small and medium sized digital agencies is
making the choice to run the agency like a business and then choosing either a
Manufacturing business model or Solutions (Service) business model. Most fail.

Art director
An art director's tasks and duties may include:

working from a brief with a copywriter, generating ideas to present to the client

working on designs to produce an effective advertising campaign

commissioning specialists, such as artists and photographers, to work on projects

managing projects and working within a budget

editing the final results for presentation to the client.

Definition and Nature of the Work

Art directors oversee the artistic design of advertisements and print materials, as well as the
filming of television commercials. They are the decision makers who are responsible for the
quality of the finished product. The art director chooses a photographer, an illustrator, models,
and any props necessary for an ad. If a print ad comes back from the printer with an
imperfection, the art director is responsible for retouching it.
In advertising, the art director is not only responsible for the "look" of an ad but is also part of a
creative team responsible for developing the very concept. An art director and a copywriter (who
writes the ads) may decide on an advertising concept together. Then they determine how the ad
will look and what it will say.

To create a "print" adone that appears in a magazine or a newspaper or on a billboardthe art

director creates a rough layout using a computer. The layout shows where the copy will go,
which fonts and colors will be used, and what the picture will look like. At this stage, the layout
must be approved by the client. Once a rough layout for an ad is approved, the art director uses
all the resources of the agency to produce the finished ad.
Work begins in a large, open work area known as the bull pen, where the art director supervises a
team of artists who work up the rough layout of an ad, refine it, and put it together on the
computer. Assistants scale photographs and illustrations to the proper size and decide on the
typeface. They run the copy and the photographs through the computer programs to create the
pages as they will appear in print.
The client's first look at a television ad is in the form of a storyboarda kind of comic-strip
version of the action and dialogue of the ad. The art director draws the storyboard as a model for
the filmed ad. Many people help prepare an ad for television. The art director and the copywriter
then join forces with a producer, who handles the budget and the technical details. All three
choose a director to film or tape the ad. The art director also helps to cast the actors for a
television advertisementthey must have the "look" the art director wants.
Education and Training Requirements
Prospective art directors should begin by putting together a portfolio, which is a collection of
their best work. There are a number of ways to get the training necessary to be an art director. In
high school, students should take courses in art, mechanical drawing or drafting, and
photography. Post-secondary education may include a program at a two-year college, a four-year
college, or a special art school. Some two-year colleges offer basic courses in layout and pasteup. Four-year colleges offer bachelor's degrees in fine arts. A number of art schools across the
country offer thorough training in graphic design, including courses in typography, design,
layout, and photography. To be accepted at an art school, applicants typically need to present a
portfolio.
Getting the Job
Individuals who attend an art school usually get help from the school in finding a job.
Advertising agencies and magazine and book publishers can be contacted directly regarding their

employment opportunities. Job openings are also listed in classified newspaper ads and on
Internet job banks. Before applying for a position, prospective candidates must prepare a
portfolio. Employers decide whom to hire on the basis of the talent and skills shown in an
applicant's portfolio.
Beginners in the field usually start learning in the bull pen. By helping in this early stage of ad
preparation, they learn how advertisements are actually handled. Artists do lettering and
illustrations and learn to cut and paste and use drafting tools.
Advancement Possibilities and Employment Outlook
In advertising a successful art director may become an art supervisor who manages other art
directors on an account or a group head who supervises the artwork for a group of accounts. An
art director may also become a creative director, a vice president, or the president of an
advertising agency.
A talented art director can prosper in the book, newspaper, and magazine fields as well.
Magazine publishers generally publish more than one magazine, and a successful art director on
one title may oversee the artwork for a group of magazines. This person is sometimes called the
corporate art director. In book publishing, an art director is generally responsible for designing
book covers and pages. Some art directors earn prestige by having their work shown in
museums, and some earn extra income by designing posters and calendars.
Both the advertising industry and the publishing industry reflect the ups and downs of the
economy. Competition in the field is intense, but employment is expected to grow at an average
rate through the year 2014. The best job opportunities will be for those with a great deal of talent
and experience.
Working Conditions
Art directors employed by publishers and advertising agencies work under constant pressure.
There are always deadlines to meet, layouts to deliver to the printer, or commercials that must be
taped as soon as possible. To get a magazine out on time, art directors must put pressure on the
artists who work for them to finish their work on schedule. Delays in the production of a
television commercial can be very expensive, and the art director is ultimately responsible for

having everything ready on time and staying until the shooting is finished. There is very little job
security in the advertising business, and frequent job changes are not unusual among art
directors.

Read more: Art Director Job Description, Career as an Art Director, Salary, Employment Definition and Nature of the Work, Education and Training Requirements, Getting the Job StateUniversity.com http://careers.stateuniversity.com/pages/115/ArtDirector.html#ixzz4CC36BhVD

How to build a strong

agency network in Africa
7 OCT 2015 | SAVE | EMAIL | PRINT | PDF

BY: GRAHAM CRUIKSHANKS

What makes a strong and effective African network? Is it the number of partnerships that have been
established with local agency businesses in Nigeria, Kenya or Ghana? Or the number of agencies
that have been acquired in Zambia, Zimbabwe or Botswana? Or the long list of agency contacts in
multiple African cities...
A robust and fully operational network in Africa needs to be more than a map full of dots on the latest
credentials presentation, or a directory of cross-continental contacts. Each of these needs to be
underpinned by real working relationships, consistency, cross collaboration and a shared agency
culture.
The scramble to benefit from Africa's enormous growth potential - and to boast a solid network and
intimate knowledge of the continent - has moved up a gear. The resultant relationships are, however,
often tenuous and quick to crumble when it comes to delivering effective work.
TBWA\ Africa has identified six key fundamentals it believes are critical to building an effective
African network.

1. Build real relationships

Building genuine relationships and a deep understanding of what each agency can or cannot deliver
is fundamental to being able to offer capability to clients. This cannot be achieved exclusively via

emails or Skype calls from a Sandton office. Time needs to be spent on the ground, getting to know
colleagues, processes and capabilities.

2. Nurture stability
Evidence of a consistent and stable network offering is vitally important to clients. To achieve this, it
is imperative to generate real, long-term value for network partners. This helps create loyalty and
encourages them to remain active participants of the network. Implying that the global client list will
quickly be added to the local agency roster is the most common over-promise that global networks
make. While this is always the desire, many factors determine if this happens or not and therefore
networks need to build value in other ways. The value, over and above a business contribution, must
be tangible so that as clients come and go, the value of being part of the network consistently
outweighs any desire to leave.

3. Reinforce agency culture

The African continent is characterised by constant and often fast-paced change. This means
individual businesses can experience dramatic fluctuations within short periods of time. Within this
milieu, it is important to constantly reinforce agency culture, vision and operational priorities. Critical
to this is investing significantly in skills transfer, which drives constant reinforcement of what matters
to the group. Importantly, it also provides tangible value to network partners, who generally rate it
high on their list of network benefits.

4. Invest in new capabilities

Digital is one of the fastest growing sectors of the communications business. This is why it is
important to invest in areas that are seen at the forefront of industry development. It is key that
network partners feel as though they are keeping abreast of industry trends and ensuring they are
empowered to deliver in this critical area.

5. Promote inter-agency collaboration

While it is important to facilitate collaboration between a central hub and partner agencies, it is
equally vital to nurture extensive inter-agency relationships between network offices. Partner
agencies need to know their network colleagues personally. They need to understand and trust their
respective office capabilities. They need to be set up to pay and get paid and they need to know that,
when asked, they will deliver for each other. This can only happen when an environment of trust and
collaboration has been created.

6. Explore future growth

Always be on the lookout for new opportunities. Whether searching for new talent in existing
markets, new opportunities in different geographies or new specialist offerings across the continent,
it is important to constantly be on the lookout for ways to strategically enhance one's network.
Perhaps the ambition of having a larger agency network than anyone else does not serve clients or
anyone else terribly well. The aim should rather be to build a strong and effective network that wins
business, retains clients and drives excellence.

Swot Analysis Of Kotler Company

Management Essay
Published: 23, March 2015

The main reason for the success of the firm was due to its tremendously
low prices. Due to its effective supply chain and distribution system,
large scale production and its low cost cutting strategies were able to
reduce its costs and these cost benefits were passed on to the ultimate
consumers. Wal-mart has been able to gain customer loyalty. It has an
very effective marketing strategies and also has a worldwide distribution
network and a diversified product. They have gained more profitability by
attracting more customers by branding its products. The firms main
objective was to reduce its cost and they focused on exclusive dealings
with the suppliers. Due to the huge network of suppliers the firm always
shifted to low cost suppliers. Thus in order to survive they had to come
out with low cost. Wal-mart was one of the leading retailer and employer
in the past decade. They had about 5000 stores in US itself. This helped
the firm in building a good brand image despite its cheap product
offerings. Wal-mart always had an upper hand over its rivals because of
its knowledge, strategic resources, geographical presence, product
differentiation and its low pricing forced them out of the business.
Another vital reason for its success was exclusive relations with
government and bureaucrats. The main reason for the turn down of Walmart in Germany was due to the lack of support from government
policies. There were huge financial resources at its stake and cheap
finances were also available which enabled the firm to make huge
investments in the market which was young and emerging. Thus due to
all the factors Wal-mart grew at an average of 15.4%per annum despite
the global rebuff.

Weaknesses

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Wal-mart being the No.1 company has had many weaknesses and pit
falls. Wal-mart has the lowest salary rate which is around US$ 9 per hour
where the average salary per hour is $ 13. Also they are criticized by the
labour unions for the poor labour practice. They also have different
corporate culture and the competition between domestic retailers and
Wal-mart was intensifying. The price difference is really narrowed and
sometimes Wal-mart had a higher price than their competitors. Moreover
according to the German law Act it was illegal for a firm to sell the goods
and services below their cost without any justification. And the firm can
only function its sales campaign for a two week period only twice a year.
This made it extremely difficult for Wal-Mart to capture the local market.
One of the major weaknesses of Wal-Mart had been its international
operations. It had struggled to make its international brand name unlike
the United States especially in Germany. Because of its low cost and
cheap products Wal-Mart was not able to keep its brand name to the
desired level and people had started to look down upon by some people.
This was the reason that they had been losing cash since the time they
had entered the German market. It also suffered huge labour problems.
According to a national survey, as many as 44% of the employees leave
Wal-Mart every year. They even lost majority of its middle class
consumer base because of its anti-union decisions. Further they are also
accused of adopting a tax avoidance scheme.

Opportunities
Culture plays a vital role in deciding whether a firm can last in a foreign
market. Consumers in different cultures have different attitudes towards
the same products and value the things differently. Therefore, the

international managers should take into account that cultural factors

should be carefully taken into account in decision making. They should
adopt a friendlier corporate attitude. An understanding with the organized
labor is needed. They should relax their anti-unionization policy and
allow its employees to organize themselves in a union. Another way is to
ease the way into foreign markets, instead of acquiring companies.
Another main opportunity of the company is to find new markets,
because the American market has reached its saturation level and have
no more future prospects to grow. The Wal-Mart deal with Bharti Airtel as
a wholesale cash and carry business in India is a welcoming step in this
direction. Wal-Mart has the opportunity to increase its market share by
developing more in the urban areas of America as still there are many
people in the cities that look down as cheap and poor quality products.

Threats

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Wal-Mart being the Number 1 Company in the world, but its future looks
quite bleak because being the largest retailer in the world means an
easy target for both the local and the global competitors. Also how they
fit into different countries culture make people accept the way they do
business and the products is challenging. Even the outsourcing to low
cost countries may boost price competition between Wal-Mart and it s
competitors. Due to the poor labour practices it faces a huge threat from
the labour unions for strikes and closure. Increase in the government

regulations may pose a serious threat to its survival in the future. Finally,
Wal-Mart needs to change them-selves and adapt to the consumer taste
and preferences for the future survival.
In this way SWOT analysis evaluate the basic reason for the firmâ
s growth and opportunity. Wal-Mart low price and its cost cutting
strategies are still being productive for the company to grow. They just
need to ensure a strong adaptation to the changing environment to
reduce the future threats.

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Opportunities
SWOT analysis begins with an evaluation of the external environment, starting with marketing
opportunities. An "opportunity," or a "threat," identified in SWOT analysis exists entirely independent
of your company. Consumers may express a desire that your company is particularly well-suited to
meet, but the desire exists whether your company exists or not. That means it's there for someone
else to exploit, too. According to marketing writers Philip Kotler and Kevin Lane Keller, most
marketing opportunities fall into three main categories. The first is the opportunity to make a product
available to more people, either by increasing the supply in the marketplace or lowering the price.
The second is the opportunity to provide an existing product in a new and better way, such as with
improved features. The third is the opportunity to meet consumer needs with an entirely new kind of
product.

Threats
Threats, often called environmental threats, are trends, events or simple realities of the marketplace
that would stand in the way of a company making a profit. Again, these are independent of your
company. Threats aren't necessarily insurmountable, but a company cannot ignore them and must
take positive marketing action to overcome them. To provide a simple example, consumers may say
they overwhelmingly hate pink cars. That doesn't mean no company could ever sell a pink car
profitably. But it does mean that any company that wants to sell a pink car will have to expend the
effort, and the money, necessary to change that viewpoint.

Strengths

The "SW" portion of SWOT analysis is where you examine your company and its standing in the
market. You look at how your company is specifically positioned -- or not positioned -- to take
advantage of any opportunities and how vulnerable it is to any threats. Strengths can be both an
ability to capitalize on a marketing opportunity, especially one that other companies aren't as wellplaced to seize, or an ability to overcome environmental threats, especially those that other
companies will have more trouble surmounting.

Weaknesses
Weaknesses, obviously, are the flip side of strengths. If a strong opportunity exists but your company
is ill-suited to capitalize on it, that's a weakness. Similarly, if you lack the resources to mount an
effective campaign to overcome environmental threats, that's also a weakness. Weaknesses aren't
necessarily fatal. Just as a company may be able to counter threats with effort, so may it be able to
overcome its own weaknesses with effort. The point is that weaknesses will not take care of
themselves. They have to be addressed

Reference
(Kotler, Philip (1997), Marketing Management, 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, New Jersey)
SECTOR
Agriculture

COMPANY
-Pannar Seed (Private) Limited
-DuPont Pioneer

Banking

-Forestry Commission of Zimbabwe

-NMB Bank Holdings Limited

Building

-Agribank Limited
-Turnall Holdings Limited
-Gyproc

Health

-Radar Holdings
-Avenues Clinic

Insurance
Legal

-Caps Holding Limited

-ZB Reinsurance
-Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association

Manufacturing

(ZWLA)
-Cairns Holdings Limited
-Zimbabwe Power Company (ZPC)
-StarAfrica Corporation
-Art Corporation Limited

-ZESA Holdings
-ZETDC
-ZESA Enterprises
-Border Timbers Limited
-Rift Valley Holdings Limited
Mining

-Hwange Colliery Company Limited (HCCL)

-Bindura Nickel Corporation Limited (BNC)

Transport

-RioZim Limited
-Bak Logistics (Private) Limited
-J & J Transport (Pvt) Limited