1. Samuel de Champlain - The leading figure of the French settlers in Quebec along the St.

Lawerence River. His energy and leadership ability gave him the title of Father of New France.
He allied with the Huron Indian tribes and joined them in battle against the Iroquois.
2. William Pitt - A British statesman. He was known as the Great Commoner. He became a
leader of the London government in 1757 and earned the title, the Organizer of Victory. He
wisely decided to lighten the assaults on the French and the West Indies and decided to attack
the Quebec-Montreal area. He picked young and energetic leaders, which prevented old and
cautious generals from leading the army.
3. Edward Braddock - An experienced officer sent to Virginia during the beginning of the FrenchIndian war with a strong detachment of British regulars. He set out in 1755 with 2,000 men to
capture Fort Duquesne. He hated a lot of his militiamen because they were ill-disciplined.
Braddock was killed when he encountered a French and Indian army and was out-maneuvered.
4. Acadians - The people who reside in Arcadia, which is present day Nova Scotia. They were
the first French to leave Canada. In 1713, the French gave up the areas the Acadians went to
the British, who forced them to either declare allegiance to Britain or withdraw to French
territory. At first, they did in nothing, but in 1755, The Great Displacement forced them out of the
region at bayonet point. They fled to Louisiana and planted sugar cane, sweet potatoes, and
practiced Roman Catholicism. Their language eventually became Cajun.
5. Pontiac - The Ottawa Chief who led several tribes in 1763 to drive the British out of Ohio
Country. They besieged Detroit in 1763 and overran all but three British posts west of the
Appalachians, killing around 2,000 soldiers and settlers. The British responded by giving the
Indians smallpox infected blankets, and later, Pontiac being killed by a rival chieftain led to the
downfall of this rebellion.
6. Louis XIV - The ruler of France from 1643-1715. Louisiana was named after him. He started
French colonization of America.
7. Benjamin Franklin - A newspaper publisher who drew the most famous political cartoon of the
colonial era, a picture that shows the colonies separated as a snake and claiming JOIN OR DIE.
He was the leading spirit of the Albany Congress.
8. George Washington - A colonel of the American army during the French-Indian war. He was
sent to the Ohio Country with 150 Virginia militiamen and was surrounded at Fort Necessity in
July 4th, 1754, but was allowed to walk away with the full honors of war.
9. Seven Years War - A war that began in America in 1754. It was also fought in Europe, the
West Indies, the Philippines, in Africa, and on the Ocean. In Britain, it was Britain and Prussia
vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia. The fighting ended in 1760 when Montreal fall, but the
total meltdown of the French army started in 1759 after the Battle of Quebec. The peace
settlement of 1763 kicked France out of America, giving Britain all of their landed except for
trans-Mississippi Louisiana and the outlet of New Orleans, which went to Spain.
10. Albany Congress - A congress summoned in 1754 to promote unity between Britain and its
Indian allies. The British ended up presenting the Iroquois with 30 wagonloads of gifts. Benjamin
Franklin tried to draw up a plan for colonial home rule, but was rejected because the colonists
did not think it was enough independence, and Britain thought it was too much independence.
11. Iroquois - An Indian tribe loyal to the British. In order to keep loyalty with the British, they
were gifted with 30 wagonloads of gifts.

12. New France - The name for the French territory in Canada, located along the St. Lawrence
River. This colony became autocratic. Beaver became the primary resource in this area for its
fur pelt for hats. This started the fur trade in Canada. New France was a catholic area, so the
Protestant Huguenots were refused entry.
13. Proclamation of 1763 - A proclamation by the London government in order to appease the
Indians and prevent a repeat of Pontiacs rebellion.
14. Cajun - The language of the Acadians, a mispronunciation of Acadian.
15. Salutary Neglect - A time when the British left the colonists alone to rule themselves.
16. War of Jenkins Ear - A war in 1739 between the British and the Spaniards named after a
British captain who got his ear sliced off by a Spanish revenue authority. Originally, it was
confined to the Caribbean Sea and Georgia, but it merged with the War of Austrian succession
and became King Georges War. Even though the New Englanders won, Louisbourg was
handed to the French, which outraged them.
17. Louisbourg - A French fortress located on Cape Breton Island. It had a reputation of being
impossible to infiltrate, but the British successfully did it during King Georges War. It fell in 1758
after William Pitt sent an army to attack it, winning the first major victory for the British in the
war.
18. Fort Duquesne - A fort located at modern day Pittsburgh. Edward Braddock tried to capture
the fort in 1755 but failed and was killed.
19. Fort Necessity - A fort George Washington constructed after he thought he succeeded at
capturing Fort Duquesne. After a ten hour siege, he surrendered the fort on July 4th, 1754. His
men were allowed to march away with the full honors of war.