Académique Documents
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Sec 1 & 2
Chapters
1. Steam Power Plant (12 hours)
2. Gas Turbines (8 hours)
3. Reciprocating Compressor (8 hours)
4. Refrigeration Systems (12 hours)
5. Mixtures (8 hours)
6. Internal Combustion Engine (8 hours)
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Test 1
20 October 2016
F2 ATAS
KHAMIS 8.00 PM 9.30 PM
Test 2
23 November 2016
F2 ATAS
RABU 8.00 PM 9.30 PM
RPP
PROJECT TASK
STEAM POWER
PLANT
by :
NORASIKIN MAT ISA
Room : C16-101-05
Off no : 07- 4537721
sikin@uthm.edu.my
nora_matisa@Hotmail.co.uk
Objectives
1. Analyse vapor power cycles in which the working fluid is
alternately vaporized and condensed.
2. Investigate ways to modify the basic Rankine vapor
power cycle to increase the cycle thermal efficiency.
3. Analyse the reheat and regenerative vapor power
cycles.
4. Review power cycles that consist of two separate cycles,
known as combined cycles.
Todays Lesson
1.Introduction to Power Generation.
2.Carnot Cycle and example
SUB-SYSTEM A
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GENERATOR PRINCIPLE
What component produces electricity
in Power Plant..?
A generator produces electricity. In a
generator, whenever something initiate
the shaft or armature to spin, electricity
is generated.
What
Moves the
generator..??
Yup.. One of
them is steam
turbine.
Introduction
Steam (Water Vapor)
Steam is the most common working fluid used in vapor power cycles
because of its many desirable characteristics, such as: (a) low cost, (b)
availability, and (c) high enthalpy of vaporization#.
Steam power plants are commonly referred to as: (a) coal plants, (b)
nuclear plants, or (c) natural gas plants, depending on the type of fuel
used to supply heat to the steam.
The steam goes through the same basic cycle in all of them. Therefore,
all can be analyzed in the same manner.
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Sequence of Processes:
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Is Carnot Cycle
Practical?
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Sequence of Processes
The ideal Rankine cycle consists
of four processes:
1-2 Isentropic compression in a
water pump;
2-3 Constant pressure heat
addition in a boiler;
3-4 Isentropic expansion in a
turbine;
4-1 Constant pressure heat
rejection in a condenser.
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Energy Interactions
The boiler and condenser do not involve any
work but both involve with heat interactions.
The pump and the turbine are assumed to be
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isentropic and both involve work interactions.
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(a)the overall plant efficiency (the ratio of net electric power output to
the energy input as fuel) and
(b)the required rate of coal supply.
Answers: (a) 24.5 per cent, (b) 150 t/h
Isentropic Efficiencies
A pump requires a greater work input, and a turbine produces a smaller work output
as a result of irreversibilities.
The deviation of actual pumps and turbines from the isentropic ones can be
accounted for by utilizing isentropic efficiencies, defined as,
Pump:
Turbine:
In actual condensers, the liquid is usually subcooled to prevent the onset of cavitation, which
may damage the water pump. Additional losses
occur at the bearings between the moving parts
as a result of friction. Two other factors are the
steam that leaks out during the cycle and air that
leaks into the condenser.
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Note: Incorporation of the single reheat in a modern power plant improves the cycle efficiency
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by 4 ~ 5 percent.
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Note: The cycle efficiency increases further as the number of feedwater heaters is increased.
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Ideally, T9 T3
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Closed FWHs
The closed feedwater heaters are more complex because of the
internal tubing network. Thus they are more expensive.
Heat transfer in closed feedwater heaters is less effective since the
two streams are not allowed to be in direct contact.
The closed feedwater heaters do not require a separate pump for
each FWH since the extracted steam and the feedwater can be at
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different pressures.
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