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transformer protection?
Differential protection is the primary transformer protection, and therefore correct
configuration of the T60 Percent Differential is important.
The power system, transformer, and CTs all influence the application.
The T60 Percent Differential protection has trip/restrain characteristic composed by
setting a pick-up, two slopes and and associated breakpoints. The characteristic in the
diagram below is defined by the following settings:
Minimum PKP, pu
Slope 1 , %
Break 1, pu
Break 2, pu
Slope 2, %
Id, pu
Slope 2
Slope1
min PKP
Break 1
Break 2
Ir, pu
It is important for the user to know the meaning of the percentage settings of Slope1 and
2, and in the per unit values of the Min PKP, Break 1 and 2.
A T60 Percent Differential element per unit value refers to setting scaled to the
identified UNIT CT.
The UNIT CT is the smallest ratio of CT primary rated-, to nominal winding-currents, for
the transformer windings and their respective CTs:
For example the transformer: Dy30, 100MVA, 220kV/69kV, has CT1(500:1) on the
Delta winding, and CT2(1000:1) on Wye winding.
I nom( Delta ) = 100 MVA /( 3x 220kV ) = 262.43 Amps
Slope =
Id
*100%, pu
Ir
Slope 1 is the slope setting from pickup to Break 1, and should is based on CT errors
during normal load currents and from tap changes.
Slope 2 identifies the slope where the CT saturation are likely and maximum restraint is
required. A recommended setting is 98%, which gives provided stability if one CT is
partly saturated during an external fault. It implies that a large differential current is
required for an differential operation .