REVIEW SHEET FOR FINAL EXAM-C

The nal examination is comprehensive, but it focuses on the main concepts and topics studied during the semester.
Since many topics build on earlier material, a majority of the questions will involve ideas from Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7. The
exam will include material from Section 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3.
The theme of the rst three chapters is to look at systems of equations from many dierent points of view (system of
equations, vector equation, matrix equation, and linear transformation). It might help to review the various questions that
involve existence and uniqueness of solutions.
There may be a few denitions on the exam. The most important denitions include: the product Ax, the product AB,
linear transformation, linear independence and dependence, spanning set, basis, subspace, dimension, rank, orthogonal basis,
eigenvector, eigenvalue, least-squares solution.
A number of questions will require that you give reasons for your answers. These reasons will often involve a reference to
a theorem. Theorems that have descriptive names attached to them are usually good candidates for a question. Of particular
importance are the Invertible Matrix Theorem, the Rank Theorem, and the Best Approximation Theorem.
Main Applications (from 25% to 30% of the exam):
Section
Section
Section
Section

2.7
4.9
5.6
6.6

The Leontief Input-Output Model.

Markov Chains.
Applications to Dynamical Systems.
Linear Models in Statistics.

A good place to begin a review is to study the three hour exams and the corresponding review sheets. Pay close
attention to any questions that you found dicult when you took the exams. Here is a review list for the material after the
third exam.
Study List for Material After the Third Exam
Material in Sections 6.5, 6.6, 7.1, 7.2, and 7.3 (and pages 389391)
Denitions
Orthogonal matrix.
Least-squares solution of Ax = b, normal equations, least-squares error.
A linear model (in statistics).
Symmetric matrix, orthogonally diagonalizable.
Theorems
Chapter 6: Theorems 6, 7, and 14.
Chapter 8: Theorems 1, 2, 4 (Principal Axes Theorem), 6.
Skills (partial list)
Compute the least-squares solution, nd the least-squares error.
Set up the design matrix, parameter vector, and observation vector for various types of least-squares problems in applications. Find the least-squares parameter vector when the matrix X T X is 2 2.
Orthogonally diagonalize a symmetric matrix with distinct eigenvalues.
Write the matrix of a quadratic form.
Find a change of variable that transforms a quadratic form into one with no cross product term.
Find the maximum value of a quadratic form over the set of unit vectors.