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BUILDING FUNCTIONS
In a commercial airport, building can be categorized into
Terminal and Operational.
Terminal building:
Mainly used for passengers, airline and administration
facilities.
Offers the enplaning passengers a convenient and direct
access from vehicle parking area to booking room, waiting
room & finally to apron.
Deplaning passengers are provided a direct route from
aircrafts to baggage claim counter and then to vehicle
platform.
Operational area:
Control tower, weather bureau and other
government services related to aviation comes under
operational category.
Mostly, terminal building will itself fulfils the function
of operational building also.
Cont.
General store and gift shops
Space for magazines, news papers, advertisement
display.
Office space for airport staff
Weather bureau
Post office and banking facilities
Custom control
Passport and health control
Control tower
SITE SELECTION
The selected site should be in accordance with following
requirements:
Sufficient area for the first stage of building development
with possibility of future expansion.
Sufficient area for roadways
Adequate car parking area
Layout of above items providing functional relationship with
each other
Convenient access to the main highway
Central location with respect to runway
Proximity & easy installation of utilities such as telephone,
electricity, water, sewage, etc.
Space requirements :
Depends on:
Runway operations
Extra facilities
Various elements should be planned with open buffer areas between
them.
FAA suggests that the terminal building area should be based on the
present and future peak hour passenger activities projected over a
period of 10 years.
Planning consideration :
Centralized plan
De centralized plan
Centralized plan - De centralized plan-Centralized plan
De centralized plan-Centralized plan(Unit Terminal Principle)
The following broad principles with respect to the passengers flow
should be kept in view while deciding the layout of the terminal
building :
Passengers walking distance should not be more than 180 m from
the surface transportation to their boarding in aircraft.
The airline passengers should not have to carry the baggage or hire
the carrying of the baggage by more than 22.5 m from the road
transportation to the check in- point.
Types of parking
Apron :
It is paved area for parking of aircrafts , loading and unloading of
passengers and cargo.
The size of apron depends on :
Size of gate position
The size of the aircraft and its minimum turning radius.
The manner in which the aircraft enters and leaves the gate position
under its own power or when pushed by a tractor.
Aircraft parking configurations
Gate position
Cont
Sufficient area to provide car parking facilities for
working personnel.
Favourable topography providing good natural
drainage.
Adequate site area for future expansion of hangar
facilities.
Hangar
Airport layout
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