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Unit -4

TERMINAL AREA-GENERAL CONCEPTS


Terminal area includes terminal and operational
buildings, vehicle parking and aircraft service hangars.
Serves as focal point for activities on the airport.
The airport entrance or access road from a highway
must be located in such a way to accommodate future
development.
Loading and unloading of passengers and cargo is
done in Terminal apron.
Aircrafts can be fueled and parked in Terminal apron.
Provision of hangars will also comes under terminal
area planning.

BUILDING FUNCTIONS
In a commercial airport, building can be categorized into
Terminal and Operational.
Terminal building:
Mainly used for passengers, airline and administration
facilities.
Offers the enplaning passengers a convenient and direct
access from vehicle parking area to booking room, waiting
room & finally to apron.
Deplaning passengers are provided a direct route from
aircrafts to baggage claim counter and then to vehicle
platform.

Operational area:
Control tower, weather bureau and other
government services related to aviation comes under
operational category.
Mostly, terminal building will itself fulfils the function
of operational building also.

Facilities provided in airport buildings:


Passengers & baggage handling counters for booking
Baggage claim section
Enquiry counter
Space for handling & processing mail, express and
light cargo
Public telephone booth
Waiting hall for passengers and visitors
Toilet facilities
Restaurants and bars
First aid room

Cont.
General store and gift shops
Space for magazines, news papers, advertisement
display.
Office space for airport staff
Weather bureau
Post office and banking facilities
Custom control
Passport and health control
Control tower

SITE SELECTION
The selected site should be in accordance with following
requirements:
Sufficient area for the first stage of building development
with possibility of future expansion.
Sufficient area for roadways
Adequate car parking area
Layout of above items providing functional relationship with
each other
Convenient access to the main highway
Central location with respect to runway
Proximity & easy installation of utilities such as telephone,
electricity, water, sewage, etc.

Space requirements :
Depends on:
Runway operations
Extra facilities
Various elements should be planned with open buffer areas between
them.
FAA suggests that the terminal building area should be based on the
present and future peak hour passenger activities projected over a
period of 10 years.

Planning consideration :
Centralized plan
De centralized plan
Centralized plan - De centralized plan-Centralized plan
De centralized plan-Centralized plan(Unit Terminal Principle)
The following broad principles with respect to the passengers flow
should be kept in view while deciding the layout of the terminal
building :
Passengers walking distance should not be more than 180 m from
the surface transportation to their boarding in aircraft.
The airline passengers should not have to carry the baggage or hire
the carrying of the baggage by more than 22.5 m from the road
transportation to the check in- point.

Passengers should be able to checking without waiting.


The maximum checking time should not exceed 30 min.
The first baggage from the flight should arrive in the claim area by the
time the first passengers walks in to this area.
If volume of cargo is large, a separate building for handling and
storage of cargo may be provided.
Noise control in building :
Rooms should be planned and built with materials that they would
minimize the noise transmission through the walls and roofs.

Vehicular circulation and parking area :


For the most efficient airport vehicular circulation and parking
system, the following points are considered:
Ease of passenger unloading and loading at the terminal building.
One way traffic wherever possible.
A minimum of driveway intersection .
Adequate driveway width to permit overtaking and circulation routes.
Well lighted routes for pedestrians .
Types of vehicular parking:
Right angle parking
Angle parking
Parallel curb parking

Types of parking

Apron :
It is paved area for parking of aircrafts , loading and unloading of
passengers and cargo.
The size of apron depends on :
Size of gate position
The size of the aircraft and its minimum turning radius.
The manner in which the aircraft enters and leaves the gate position
under its own power or when pushed by a tractor.
Aircraft parking configurations

Number of gate positions :


Capacity of runway /(60 x 2) x avg. gate occupancy time
Aircraft parking system :
Frontal system
Open apron system
Finger system
Satellite system
Blast considerations :
Erosion control
Blast fences

Aircraft parking system

Gate position

HANGAR SITE SELECTION


The site should be such that there is a convenient road
access to it from the site to the aprons and terminal
buildings.
Proximity to and easy installation of utilities such as
telephone, electricity, water, sewage, etc.
Reasonable proximity to the loading apron.
The site should not be along the direction of frequent
storms as this is likely to damage the hangar doors.

Cont
Sufficient area to provide car parking facilities for
working personnel.
Favourable topography providing good natural
drainage.
Adequate site area for future expansion of hangar
facilities.

Hangar

Metal blast fences

Concrete blast fences

Airport layout

CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD AIRFIELD


LAYOUT
Landing, taxiing and taking off as independent
operations without interference.
Shortest taxiway distances from loading apron to
runway end.
Safe runway length
Safe approaches
Excellent control tower visibility
Adequate loading apron space
Sufficient terminal building facilities
Sufficient land area to permit subsequent expansion.
Lowest possible cost of construction.

Thank you

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