Chapter 1

55

COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE WRITTEN IN MATLAB

PROBLEM 1.C1
1.C1

A solid steel rod consisting of n cylindrical elements welded together is

subjected to the loading shown. The diameter of element i is denoted by di
and the load applied to its lower end by Pi, with the magnitude Pi of this
load being assumed positive if Pi is directed downward as shown and
negative otherwise. (a) Write a computer program which can be used with
either SI or U.S. customary units to determine the average stress in each
element of the rod. (b) Use the program to solve Probs. 1.1 and 1.3.

Element n
Pn

Element 1

SOLUTION
P1

Force in Element i:
It is the sum of the forces applied to that element and all lower ones:
i

Fi = Pk
k =1

Average Stress in Element i:

Area = Ai =

1
p d2i
4

Ave stress =

Fi
Ai

Program Outputs
1.C1
PROGRAM:
n=input('Enter the number of Elements=');
re=fopen('result_c1.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,'Element\tStress(MPa)\n');
for i=1:1:n
fprintf('Enter force on element %d in N = ',i);
p(i)=input('');
fprintf('Enter diameter for the element %d in mm= ',i);
d(i)=input('');
A(i)=pi*d(i)^2/4;
end
for i=1:1:n,
if i==1
F(i)=p(i);
else
F(i)=p(i)+F(i1);
end
S(i)=F(i)/A(i);
fprintf(re,' %2.0f\t\t%2.2f\n',i,S(i));

56 Mechanics of Materials

end
fclose(re);
Problem 1.1
Input:
Enter the number of Elements=2
Enter force on element 1 in N = 60000
Enter diameter for the element 1 in mm = 30
Enter force on element 2 in N = 250000
Enter diameter for the element 2 in mm = 50
Output:
Element
1
2

Stress(MPa)
84.88
96.77

Problem 1.3
Input:
Enter the number of Elements=2
Enter force on element 1 in N= 45000
Enter diameter for the element 1 in mm = 20
Enter force on element 2 in N= 54000
Enter diameter for the element 2 in mm = 30
Output:
Element
1
2

Stress(MPa)
143.24
140.06

PROBLEM 1.C2
1.C2 A 20 kN force is applied as shown to the horizontal member
ABC. Member ABC has a 10 50 mm uniform rectangular
cross section and is supported by four vertical links, each of
8 36-mm uniform rectangular cross section. Each of the
four pins at A, B, C, and D has the same diameter d and is in
double shear. (a) Write a computer program to calculate for
values of d from 10 to 30 mm, using 1-mm increments, (1)
the maximum value of the average normal stress in the links
connecting pins B and D, (2) the average normal stress in
the links connecting pins C and E, (3) the average shearing
stress in pin B, (4) the average shearing stress in pin C, (5)
the average bearing stress at B in member ABC, (6) the
average bearing stress at C in member ABC. (b) Check your

0.4 m
C
0.25 m

0.2 m

B
E

20 kN
D
A

57

Chapter 1

program by comparing the values obtained for d = 16 mm with the answers given for Probs. 1.8,
1.23, and 1.24. (c) Use this program to find the permissible values of the diameter d of the pins,
knowing that the allowable values of the normal shearing, and bearing stresses for the steel used
are, respectively, 150 MPa, 90 MPa, and 230 MPa. (d) Solve part c, assuming that the thickness
of member ABC has been reduced from 10 to 8 mm.
SOLUTION
Forces in Links
2FCE

P = 20 kN

F.B. Diagram of ABC:

S MC = 0: 2FBD(BC) P(AC) = 0
FBD = P(AC)/2(BC) (tension)

B
0.25 m

C
0.4 m

2FBD

S MB = 0: 2FCE (BC) P(AB) = 0

FCE = P(AB)/2(BC) (compression)
1. Link BD
Thickness = tL

FBD

ABD = tL (wL d )
sBD = + FBD/ABD

d
WL

2. Link CE
Thickness = tL

FCE

ACE = tLwL
sCE = FCE /ACE
3. Pin B

tB = FBD /(pd2/4)

4. Pin C

tC = FCE /(pd2/4)

5. Bearing Stress at B
Thickness of member AC = tAC
Sig Bear B = FBD /(dtAC )
6. Bearing Stress at C
Sig Bear C = FCE /(dtAC )

WL

58 Mechanics of Materials

Shearing Stress in ABC Under Pin B

FB = tAC tAC (wAC /2)
SFy = 0: 2FB = 2FBD
tAC =

2FBD
t AC w AC

1.C2
PROGRAM
d=input('The starting diameter of the pin in mm :');
P=input('Force Applied on ABC at A in N :');
Tac=input('Thickness of the horizontal member ABC in mm :');
Wac=input('Width of the horizontal member ABC in mm :');
Tl=input('Thickness of the Link in mm :');
Wl=input('Width of the Link in mm :');
AB=input('Distance between Force applied and Link at B in mm :');
BC=input('Distance between Links at B&C in mm :');
re=fopen('result_c2.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,' d\t Sigma BD Sigma CE Tau B Tau C SigBear B SigBear C \n');
for i=1:21
if i==1
d(i)=d;
else
d(i)=d(i1)+1;
end
AC=AB+BC;
Fbd=(P*AC)/(2*BC);
Fce=(P*AB)/(2*BC);
Abd=Tl*(Wld(i));
Ace=Tl*Wl;
Ap=(pi*d(i)^2)/4;
Sigma_bd=Fbd/Abd;
Sigma_ce= Fce/Ace;
Tau_b=Fbd/Ap;
Tau_c=Fce/Ap;
Sig_Bear_b=2*Fbd/(d(i)*Tac);
Sig_Bear_c=2*Fce/(d(i)*Tac);
Tau_ac=2*Fbd/(Tac*Wac);
fprintf(re,'%2.2f %3.2f %2.2f %3.2f %2.2f %3.2f\t %2.2f\t
\n',d(i),Sigma_bd,Sigma_ce,Tau_b,Tau_c,Sig_Bear_b,Sig_Bear_c);
end
fprintf(re,'\nFor d = 22mm, Tau AC=%2.0f MPa < 90 MPa O.K.',Tau_ac);
fclose(re);

2FBD
WAC
2

FB

FAC

Chapter 1

59

Input data for parts (a),(b),(c):

The starting diameter of the pin in mm :10
Force Applied on ABC at A in N :20000
Thickness of the horizontal member ABC in mm :10
Width of the horizontal member ABC in mm:50
Thickness of the Link in mm :8
Width of the Link in mm :36
Distance between Force applied and Link at B in mm :250
Distance between Links at B&C in mm :400
PROBLEM 1.C2 CONTINUED

PROGRAM OUTPUT

Output:
d

Sigma BD

Sigma CE

Tau B

Tau C

SigBear B

10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00

78.13
81.25
84.64
88.32
92.33
96.73
101.56
106.91
112.85
119.49
126.95
135.42
145.09
156.25
169.27
184.66
203.13
225.69
253.91
290.18
338.54

21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70

206.90
170.99
143.68
122.43
105.56
91.96
80.82
71.59
63.86
57.31
51.73
46.92
42.75
39.11
35.92
33.10
30.61
28.38
26.39
24.60
22.99

79.58
65.77
55.26
47.09
40.60
35.37
31.08
27.54
24.56
22.04
19.89
18.04
16.44
15.04
13.82
12.73
11.77
10.92
10.15
9.46
8.84

325.00
295.45
270.83
250.00
232.14
216.67
203.13
191.18
180.56
171.05
162.50
154.76
147.73
141.30
135.42
130.00
125.00
120.37
116.07
112.07
108.33

SigBear C
125.00
113.64
104.17
96.15
89.29
83.33
78.13
73.53
69.44
65.79
62.50
59.52
56.82
54.35
52.08
50.00
48.08
46.30
44.64
43.10
41.67

(c) ANSWER : 16 mm<=d<=22mm

For d = 22mm, Tau AC=65 MPa < 90 MPa O.K.
Input data for part (d):
The starting diameter of the pin in mm:10
Force Applied on ABC at A in N :20000

(b)

(c)

60 Mechanics of Materials

Thickness of the horizontal member ABC in mm :8

Width of the horizontal member ABC in mm :50
Thickness of the Link in mm :8
Width of the Link in mm :36
Distance between Force applied and Link at B in mm :250
Distance between Links at B&C in mm :400
Output:
d

Sigma BD

Sigma CE

Tau B

Tau C

SigBear B

10.00
11.00
12.00
13.00
14.00
15.00
16.00
17.00
18.00
19.00
20.00
21.00
22.00
23.00
24.00
25.00
26.00
27.00
28.00
29.00
30.00

78.13
81.25
84.64
88.32
92.33
96.73
101.56
106.91
112.85
119.49
126.95
135.42
145.09
156.25
169.27
184.66
203.13
225.69
253.91
290.18
338.54

21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70
21.70

206.90
170.99
143.68
122.43
105.56
91.96
80.82
71.59
63.86
57.31
51.73
46.92
42.75
39.11
35.92
33.10
30.61
28.38
26.39
24.60
22.99

79.58
65.77
55.26
47.09
40.60
35.37
31.08
27.54
24.56
22.04
19.89
18.04
16.44
15.04
13.82
12.73
11.77
10.92
10.15
9.46
8.84

406.25
369.32
338.54
312.50
290.18
270.83
253.91
238.97
225.69
213.82
203.13
193.45
184.66
176.63
169.27
162.50
156.25
150.46
145.09
140.09
135.42

SigBear C
156.25
142.05
130.21
120.19
111.61
104.17
97.66
91.91
86.81
82.24
78.13
74.40
71.02
67.93
65.10
62.50
60.10
57.87
55.80
53.88
52.08

(d) ANSWER : 18 mm<=d<=22mm

(d)

Check: For d = 22mm, Tau AC=81.25 MPa < 90 MPa O.K.

PROBLEM 1.C3
1.C3 Two horizontal 22 kN forces are applied to pin B of the assembly shown. Each of the three pins at
A, B, and C has the same diameter d and is in double shear. (a) Write a computer program to
calculate for values of d from 12 to 38 mm using 1.5 mm increments, (1) the maximum value of
the average normal stress in member A, (2) the average normal stress in member BC, (3) the
average shearing stress in pin A, (4) the average shearing stress in pin C, (5) the average bearing
stress at A in member AB, (6) the average bearing stress at C in member BC, (7) the average
bearing stress at B in member BC. (b) Check your program by comparing the values obtained for

61

Chapter 1

d = 20 mm with the answers given for Probs. 1.9, 1.25, and

1.26. (c) Use this program to find the permissible values of
the diameter d of the pins, knowing that the allowable
values of the normal, shearing, and bearing stresses for the
steel used are, respectively, 150 MPa, 90 MPa and 250
MPa (d) Solve part c, assuming that a new design is being
investigated, in which the thickness and width of the two
members are changed, respectively, from 12 to 8 mm and
from 45 mm to 60 mm.

12 mm

B
45 mm

22 kN
22 kN
12 mm

60

45 mm

45

SOLUTION
C

Forces in Members AB and BC

Free Body: Pin B
From Force Triangle

FBC
FAB
2P
=
=
sin 45 sin 60 sin 75
B

FAB = 2P (sin 45/sin 75)

FBC = 2P (sin 60/sin 75)

2P
60

45

1. Max. Ave. Stress in AB

Width = w

75
FBC

FAB
60

FAB

45

FBC

2P

Thickness = t

FAB

AAB = (w d) t
sAB = FAB/AAB
2. Ave. Stress in BC
ABC = wt
sBC = FBC /ABC

FAB

FBC

3. Pin A tA = (FAB /2)/(pd2/4)

4. Pin C tc = (FBC /2)/(pd2/4)
5. Bearing Stress at A
Sig Bear A= FAB /dt
6. Bearing Stress at C
Sig Bear C = FBC /dt
7. Bearing Stress at B in Member BC
Sig Bear B = FBC /2dt

FBC

62 Mechanics of Materials

1.C3
PROGRAM:
d=input('Diameter of Pin in mm :');
P=input('Force Applied in N :');
w=input('Width of the Member in mm :');
t=input('Thickness of the Member in mm :');
Fab=2*P*sin(45*pi/180)/sin(75*pi/180);
Fbc=2*P*sin(60*pi/180)/sin(75*pi/180);
re=fopen('result_c3.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,'d\t\tSIGAB\t SIGBC\t\tTAUA\tTAUC\t SIGBRGA\t SIGBRGC\t SIGBRGA\n');
fprintf(re,'mm\t\t MPa\t MPa\t MPa\t MPa\t MPa\t MPa\t MPa\n');
for i=1:19
if i==1
d(i)=d;
else
d(i)=d(i1)+1;
end
Aab=(w-d(i))*t;
Abc=w*t;
Ap=pi*d(i)^2/4;
Sigma_ab=Fab/Aab;
Sigma_bc=Fbc/Abc;
Tau_a=Fab/(2*Ap);
Tau_c=Fbc/(2*Ap);
Sig_Bear_a=Fab/(d(i)*t);
Sig_Bear_c=Fbc/(d(i)*t);
Sig_Bear_b=Fbc/(2*d(i)*t);
fprintf(re,'%1.1f\t%2.2f\t 0%2.2f\t%2.2f\t%2.2f\t
%2.2f\t\t%2.2f\t\t%2.2f\n',d(i),Sigma_ab,Sigma_bc,Tau_a,Tau_c,Sig_Bear_a,Sig_Bear_c,Sig_Bear_b);
end
fclose(re);
Input data for parts (a),(b),(c):
Diameter of Pin in mm :12
Force Applied in N :22000
Width of the Member in mm :45
Thickness of the Member in mm :12

Chapter 1

PROBLEM 1.C3 CONTINUED

63

PROGRAM OUTPUT

Output:
d
mm
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0

SIGAB
MPa
81.34
83.88
86.59
89.47
92.56
95.86
99.41
103.24
107.37
111.84
116.70
122.01
127.82
134.21
141.27
149.12
157.89
167.76
178.95
191.73
206.48
223.68
244.02
268.42
298.24
335.52
383.46

SIGBC
MPa
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05
73.05

TAUA
MPa
142.40
121.34
104.62
91.14
80.10
70.95
63.29
56.80
51.26
46.50
42.37
38.76
35.60
32.81
30.33
28.13
26.16
24.38
22.78
21.34
20.03
18.83
17.74
16.74
15.82
14.98
14.20

TAUC
MPa
174.40
148.60
128.13
111.62
98.10
86.90
77.51
69.57
62.79
56.95
51.89
47.47
43.60
40.18
37.15
34.45
32.03
29.86
27.90
26.13
24.53
23.06
21.73
20.50
19.38
18.34
17.39

SIGBRGA
MPa
223.68
206.48
191.73
178.95
167.76
157.89
149.12
141.27
134.21
127.82
122.01
116.70
111.84
107.37
103.24
99.41
95.86
92.56
89.47
86.59
83.88
81.34
78.95
76.69
74.56
72.55
70.64

SIGBRGC
MPa
273.95
252.88
234.82
219.16
205.47
193.38
182.64
173.02
164.37
156.54
149.43
142.93
136.98
131.50
126.44
121.76
117.41
113.36
109.58
106.05
102.73
99.62
96.69
93.93
91.32
88.85
86.51

SIGBRGA
MPa
136.98
126.44
117.41
109.58
102.73
96.69
91.32
86.51
82.19 (b)
78.27
74.71
71.47
68.49
65.75
63.22
60.88
58.70
56.68
54.79
53.02
51.37
49.81
48.34
46.96
45.66
44.42
43.26

(c) ANSWER : 17 mm<=d<=27mm

Input data for part (d):
Diameter of Pin in mm :12
Force Applied in N :22000
Width of the Member in mm :60
Thickness of the Member in mm :8

64 Mechanics of Materials

PROBLEM 1.C3 CONTINUED

PROGRAM OUTPUT

Output:
d
mm
12.0
13.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
20.0
21.0
22.0
23.0
24.0
25.0
26.0
27.0
28.0
29.0
30.0
31.0
32.0
33.0
34.0
35.0
36.0
37.0
38.0

SIGAB
MPa
83.88
85.67
87.53
89.47
91.51
93.63
95.86
98.20
100.66
103.24
105.95
108.82
111.84
115.04
118.42
122.01
125.82
129.88
134.21
138.84
143.80
149.12
154.86
161.05
167.76
175.06
183.01

SIGBC
MPa
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19
82.19

TAUA
MPa
142.40
121.34
104.62
91.14
80.10
70.95
63.29
56.80
51.26
46.50
42.37
38.76
35.60
32.81
30.33
28.13
26.16
24.38
22.78
21.34
20.03
18.83
17.74
16.74
15.82
14.98
14.20

TAUC
MPa
174.40
148.60
128.13
111.62
98.10
86.90
77.51
69.57
62.79
56.95
51.89
47.47
43.60
40.18
37.15
34.45
32.03
29.86
27.90
26.13
24.53
23.06
21.73
20.50
19.38
18.34
17.39

SIGBRGA
MPa
335.52
309.71
287.59
268.42
251.64
236.84
223.68
211.91
201.31
191.73
183.01
175.06
167.76
161.05
154.86
149.12
143.80
138.84
134.21
129.88
125.82
122.01
118.42
115.04
111.84
108.82
105.95

SIGBRGC
MPa
410.93
379.32
352.23
328.74
308.20
290.07
273.95
259.54
246.56
234.82
224.14
214.40
205.47
197.25
189.66
182.64
176.11
170.04
164.37
159.07
154.10
149.43
145.03
140.89
136.98
133.27
129.77

SIGBRGA
MPa
205.47
189.66
176.11
164.37
154.10
145.03
136.98
129.77
123.28
117.41
112.07
107.20
102.73
98.62
94.83
91.32
88.06
85.02
82.19
79.53
77.05
74.71
72.52
70.45
68.49
66.64
64.88
(d)

(c) ANSWER : 20 mm<=d<=33mm

PROBLEM 1.C4
1.C4 A 18 kN force P forming an angle a with the vertical is
applied as shown to member ABC, which is supported by
a pin and bracket at C and by a cable BD forming an angle
b with the horizontal. (a) Knowing that the ultimate load
of the cable is 110 kN, write a computer program to
construct a table of the values of the factor of safety of the
cable for values of a and b from 0 to 45, using
increments in a and b corresponding to 0.1 increments in

A
B
0.38 m

0.45 m

0.3 m

Chapter 1

65

tan a and tan b. (b) Check that for any given value of a the maximum value of the factor of safety
is obtained for b = 38.66 and explain why. (c) Determine the smallest possible value of the
factor of safety for b = 38.66, as well as the corresponding value of a, and explain the result
obtained.
SOLUTION
(a) Draw F.B. Diagram of ABC:
SMC = 0: (P sin a) (0.38 m) = (P cos a) (0.75 m)

(F cos b) (0.38 m) (F sin b) (0.75 m) = 0

0.38 sin a + 0.75 cos a

F=P
0.38 cos b + 0.3 sin b
F.S. = Fult/F

B
0.38 m
0.45 m

0.3 m

1.C4
PROGRAM:
P=input('Force applied on the Member in N:');
Fult=input('Ultimate load of the cable in MPa:');
re=fopen('result_c4.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,'\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVALUES OF FS\n \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tBETA\n');
ind=0;
val=textread('read.txt');
for i=1:1:11
alpha(i,1)=val(1,i)*pi/180;
ind=ind+1;
end
% for i=0:5.7:50
% val=i*pi/180;ind=ind+1;
% alpha(ind,1)=val;
% end
for j=1:1:ind
for k=1:1:ind
beta(1,k)=alpha(k,1);
F(j,k)=P*(15*sin(alpha(j,1))+30*cos(alpha(j,1)))/(15*cos(beta(1,k))+12*sin(beta(1,k)));
FS(j,k)=Fult/F(j,k);
end
end
for j=1:1:ind+1
for k=1:1:ind+1
if j==1&k==1

66 Mechanics of Materials

fprintf(re,'ALPHA ');
else if j==1&k>1
fprintf(re,' \t%2.2f',beta(j,k-1)*180/pi);
elseif j>1&k==1
fprintf(re,'%2.2f\t',alpha(j-1,k)*180/pi);
elseif j>1&k>1
fprintf(re,' %2.3f\t',FS(j-1,k-1));
else
end
end
end
fprintf(re,'\n');
end
fclose(re);
Input:
Force applied on the Member in N:18000
Ultimate load of the cable in MPa:110000
Output:
VALUES OF FS
BETA
ALPHA 0.00

5.71

11.31

16.70

21.80

26.56

30.96

34.99

38.66

41.99

45.00

0.00

3.056

3.284

3.476

3.629

3.745

3.826

3.878

3.905

3.913

3.906 3.889

5.71

2.925

3.143

3.327

3.474

3.584

3.662

3.712

3.738

3.745

3.739 3.722

11.31

2.833

3.044

3.222

3.365

3.472

3.547

3.595

3.620

3.628

3.622 3.606

16.70

2.774

2.981

3.155

3.295

3.400

3.473

3.520

3.545

3.552

3.546 3.531

21.80

2.742

2.947

3.119

3.257

3.361

3.434

3.480

3.505

3.512

3.506 3.491

26.56

2.733

2.937

3.109

3.246

3.349

3.422

3.468

3.493

3.500

3.494 3.479

30.96

2.741

2.946

3.118

3.256

3.359

3.432

3.479

3.503

3.510

3.504 3.489

34.99

2.763

2.969

3.143

3.282

3.386

3.459

3.506

3.531

3.538

3.532 3.516

38.66

2.795

3.004

3.179

3.320

3.426

3.500

3.547

3.572

3.579

3.573 3.557

41.99

2.835

3.047

3.225

3.368

3.475

3.550

3.598

3.623

3.631

3.625 3.608

45.00

2.881

3.096

3.277

3.422

3.531

3.607

3.656

3.682

3.689

3.683 3.667

67

Chapter 1

(b) When b = 38, 66, tan b = 0.8 and cable BD is perpendicular to the lever arm BC.
(c) F.S. = 3.5 for a = 26.56; P is perpendicular to the lever arm AC.
Note: The value F.S. = 3.500 is the smallest of the values of F.S. corresponding to b = 38.66 and the
largest of those corresponding to a = 26.56. The point a = 26.56, b = 38.66 is a saddle point, or
minimax of the function F.S. (a, b).
PROBLEM 1.C5
1.C5 A load P is supported as shown by two wooden members of uniform
rectangular cross section which are joined by a simple glued scarf splice. (a)
Denoting by sU and tU, respectively, the ultimate strength of the joint in
tesnion and in shear, write a computer program which, for given values of a,
b, P, sU, and tU, units expressed and for values of a from 5 to 85 at 5
intervals, can be used to calculate (1) the normal stress in the joint, (2) the
shearing stress in the joint, (3) the factor of safety relative to failure in
tension, (4) the factor of safety relative to failure in shear, (5) the overall
factor of safety for the glued joint. (b) Apply this program, using the
dimensions and loading of the members of Probs. 1.29 and 1.32, knowing
that sU = 1.26 MPa and tU = 1.50 MPa for the glue used in Prob. 1.29, and
that sU = 1 MPa and tU = 1.5 MPa for the glue used in Prob. 1.32. (c) Verify
in each of these two cases that the shearing stress is maximum for a = 45.

SOLUTION
1 and 2.

Draw the F.B. diagram of lower member:

+

SFx = 0:

V + P cos a = 0

V = P cos a

+ SFy = 0:

F P sin a = 0

F = P sin a

V
a

Area = ab/sin a
P

Normal stress:

Shearing stress:

s=

F
= (P/ab) sin2a
Area

t=

V
= (P/ab) sin a cos a
Area

3. F.S.: for tension (normal stresses)

4. F.S. for shear:
5. Overall F.S.:

FSN = sU/s

FSS = tU /t
FS = The smaller of FSN and FSS

68 Mechanics of Materials

1.C5
PROGRAM:
a=input('Enter the value of a in mm:');
b=input('Enter the value of b in mm:');
alpha=input('Shear angle in deg:');
P=input('Load applied in N :');
SIG_U=input('Ultimate Normal Stress in MPa:');
TAU_U=input('Ultimate Shear Stress in MPa:');
re=fopen('result_c5.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,'ALPHA\t SIG(MPa)\t TAU(MPa)\t FSN\t FSS\t FS\n');
for i=1:17
if i==1
alpha(i)=alpha;
else
alpha(i)=alpha(i1)+5;
end
SIG=P*(sin(alpha(i)*pi/180))^2/(a*b);
TAU=P*(sin(alpha(i)*pi/180)*(cos(alpha(i)*pi/180)))/(a*b);
FSN=SIG_U/SIG;
FSS=TAU_U/TAU;
if FSN>FSS
FS=FSS;
else
FS=FSN;
end
fprintf(re,'%2.0f\t\t%2.3f\t\t %2.3f\t\t%2.3f\t%2.3f\t%2.3f\t\n',alpha(i),SIG,TAU,FSN,FSS,FS);
end
fclose(re);
Input for the problem 1.29
Enter the value of a in mm: 125
Enter the value of b in mm: 75
Shear angle in deg: 5
Load applied in N: 6000
Ultimate Normal Stress in MPa: 1.26
Ultimate Shear Stress in MPa: 1.5

Chapter 1

PROBLEM 1.C5 CONTINUED

69

PROGRAM OUTPUT

Output:
ALPHA
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85

SIG(MPa)
0.005
0.019
0.043
0.075
0.114
0.160
0.211
0.264
0.320
0.376
0.429
0.480
0.526
0.565
0.597
0.621
0.635

TAU(MPa)
0.056
0.109
0.160
0.206
0.245
0.277
0.301
0.315
0.320
0.315
0.301
0.277
0.245
0.206
0.160
0.109
0.056

FSN
259.178
65.291
29.390
16.830
11.023
7.875
5.984
4.765
3.938
3.355
2.934
2.625
2.397
2.230
2.110
2.030
1.984

FSS
26.994
13.705
9.375
7.292
6.119
5.413
4.988
4.760
4.688
4.760
4.988
5.413
6.119
7.292
9.375
13.705
26.994

FS
26.994
13.705
9.375
7.292
6.119
5.413
4.988
4.760
3.938
3.355
2.934
2.625
2.397
2.230
2.110
2.030
1.984

FSN
148.102
37.309
16.794
9.617
6.299
4.500
3.420
2.723
2.250
1.917
1.677
1.500

FSS
19.436
9.868
6.750
5.251
4.406
3.897
3.592
3.427
3.375
3.427
3.592
3.897

FS
19.436
9.868
6.750
5.251
4.406
3.897
3.420
2.723
2.250
1.917
1.677
1.500

(c)

(b)

Input for the problem 1.32

Enter the value of a in mm: 150
Enter the value of b in mm: 75
Shear angle in deg: 5
Load applied in N: 10000
Ultimate Normal Stress in MPa: 1
Ultimate Shear Stress in MPa: 1.5
Output:
ALPHA
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60

SIG(MPa)
0.007
0.027
0.060
0.104
0.159
0.222
0.292
0.367
0.444
0.522
0.596
0.667

TAU(MPa)
0.077
0.152
0.222
0.286
0.340
0.385
0.418
0.438
0.444
0.438
0.418
0.385

(b)
(c)

70 Mechanics of Materials

65
70
75
80
85

0.730
0.785
0.829
0.862
0.882

0.340
0.286
0.222
0.152
0.077

1.370
1.274
1.206
1.160
1.134

4.406
5.251
6.750
9.868
19.436

1.370
1.274
1.206
1.160
1.134

PROBLEM. 1.C6
1.C6 Member ABC is supported by a pin and bracket at A and by two links which are pin-connected to
the member at B and to a fixed support at D. (a) Write a computer program to calculate the
allowable load Pall for any given values of (1) the diameter d1 of the pin at A, (2) the common
diameter d2 of the pins at B and D, (3) the ultimate normal stress sU in each of the two links, (4)
the ultimate shearing stress tU in each of the three pins, (5) the desired overall factor of safety
F.S. Your program should also indicate which of the following three stresses is critical: the normal
stress in the links, the shearing stress in the pin at A, or the shearing stress in the pins at B and D.
(b and c) Check your program by using the data of Probs. 1.49 and 1.50, respectively, and
comparing the answers obtained for Pall with those given in the text. (d) Use your program to
determine the allowable load Pall, as well as which of the stresses is critical, when d1 = d2 = 15
mm, sU = 110 MPa for aluminium links, tU = 100 MPa for steel pins, and F.S. = 3.2.
Top view
200 mm

180 mm

12 mm

C
B

8 mm
A

20 mm

8 mm

8 mm

D
Front view

12 mm
Side view

SOLUTION
(a) F.B. Diagram of ABC:
SM A = 0:
P=

200
FBD
380

SM B = 0:
P=

200
FA
180

180 mm

200 mm
FA

FBD

Chapter 1

1. For given d1 of pin A:

FA = 2(tU/FS) (pd 12/4), P1 =

200
FA
180

200
FBD
380
200
3. For ultimate stress in links BD: FBD = 2(sU/FS) (0.02) (0.008), P3 =
FBD
380
4. For Ult. shearing stress in pins: P4 is the smaller of P1 and P2

2. For given d2 of pins B and D:

FBD = 2(tU/FS) (pd 22/4), P2 =

5. For desired overall F.S.:

P5 is the smaller of P3 and P4
If P3 < P4, stress is critical in links.
If P4 < P3 and P1 < P2, stress is critical in pin A
If P4 < P3 and P2 < P1, stress is critical in pins B and D.
1.C6
PROGRAM:
d1=input('Diameter of pin at A in mm:');
d2=input('Diameter of pins at B and D(Common Diameter) in mm:');
Sig_U=input('Ultimate normal stress in MPa:');
Tau_U=input('Ultimate shearing stress in MPa:');
FS=input('Desired Factor of Safety:');
re=fopen('result_c6.doc','w+');
fprintf(re,'Status of links\t\t\t\t\t\tPall (kN)\n');
Fa=2*Tau_U*pi*d1^2/(4*FS);
Fbd=2*Tau_U*pi*d2^2/(4*FS);
Fb_d=2*Sig_U*20*8;
P1=200*Fa/180;
P2=200*Fbd/380;
P3=200*Fb_d/380;
A=char('Stress is Critical in Links');
B=char('Stress is Critical in pin A');
C=char('Stress is Critical in pin B and D');
if P1<P2
P4=P1;
else
P4=P2;
end
if P4<P3 & P1<P2
fprintf(re,'%s\t\t%2.3f',B,P1);
elseif P4<P3 & P2<P1
fprintf(re,'%s\t\t%2.3f',C,P2);

71

72 Mechanics of Materials

else
fprintf(re,'%s\t\t%2.3f',A,P3);
end
end
end
end
end
fclose(re);
Input for part (b):
Diameter of pin at A in mm: 8
Diameter of pins at B and D(Common Diameter) in mm:12
Ultimate normal stress in MPa: 250
Ultimate shearing stress in MPa: 100
Desired Factor of Safety: 3
Output:
Status of links
Stress is Critical in pin A

Pall(kN)
3.72

Input for part (c):

Diameter of pin at A in mm: 10
Diameter of pins at B and D (Common Diameter) in mm: 12
Ultimate normal stress in MPa: 250
Ultimate shearing stress in MPa: 100
Desired Factor of Safety: 3
Output:
Status of links
Stress is Critical in pin B and D

Pall(kN)
3.97

Input for part (d):

Diameter of pin at A in mm: 15
Diameter of pins at B and D (Common Diameter) in mm: 15
Ultimate normal stress in MPa: 110
Ultimate shearing stress in MPa: 100
Desired Factor of Safety: 3.2
Output:
Status of links
Stress is Critical in pin B and D

Pall(kN)
5.81