BRITISH STANDARD

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Alarm systems
CCTV surveillance
systems for use in
security applications
Part 7: Application guidelines

The European Standard EN 50132-7:1996 has the status of a

British Standard

ICS 13.320

BS EN
50132-7:1996

BS EN 50132-7:1996

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

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The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted to Technical

Committee GW/1, Electronic security systems, upon which the following bodies
were represented:
Association of British Insurers
Association of Chief Police Officers of England and Wales
Association of Security Consultants
British Security Industry Association
British Telecommunications plc
Consumer Policy Committee of BSI
Department of the Environment (Security Facilities Executive (SSG))
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Electrical Contractors Association
Electrical Installation Equipment Manufacturers Association (BEAMA Ltd.)
European Association of Security Equipment Manufacturers
Fire Brigades Union
National Approval Council for Security Systems
Security Systems and Alarms Inspection Board
The following bodies were also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:
British Gas plc
Home Office Crime Prevention Centre
Metropolitan Police
Post Office
Security Industry Training Organization

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Consumer
Products and Services Sector
Board, was published under
the authority of the Standards
Board and comes into effect on
15 September 1996
BSI 10-1998
The following BSI references
relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference GW/1
Draft for comment 95/520771 DC
ISBN 0 580 26319 3

Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No.

Date

Comments

BS EN 50132-7:1996

Contents
Committees responsible
National foreword
Foreword
Text of EN 50132-7

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List of references

BSI 10-1998

Page
Inside front cover
ii
2
3
Inside back cover

BS EN 50132-7:1996

National foreword
This British Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee GW/1 and is
the English language version of EN 50132-7 Alarm systems CCTV surveillance
systems for use in security applications Part 7: Application guidelines, published
by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC).
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

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Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 18, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on
the inside front cover.
ii

BSI 10-1998

EUROPEAN STANDARD

EN 50132-7

NORME EUROPENNE
EUROPISCHE NORM

June 1996

ICS 13.320
Descriptors: Warning systems, security devices, inspection devices, television systems, motion-pictures, cameras, definition,
performance evaluation, design, categories, installation, maintenance

English version

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Alarm systems CCTV surveillance systems for use in

security applications
Part 7: Application guidelines

Alarmanlagen CCTV-berwachungsanlagen
fr Sicherungsanwendungen
Teil 7: Anwendungsregeln

Systmes dalarme Systmes de

surveillance CCTV usage dans les
applications de scurit
Partie 7: Directives dapplication

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 1995-11-28.

CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any
CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French,
German). A version in any other language made by translation under the
responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the
Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria,
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comit Europen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europisches Komitee fr Elektrotechnische Normung
Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B-1050 Brussels
1996 Copyright reserved to CENELEC members

Ref. No. EN 50132-7:1996 E

EN 50132-7:1996

Foreword

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This European Standard was prepared by the

Technical Committee CENELEC TC 79, Alarm
systems.
The text of the draft was submitted to the Unique
Acceptance Procedure and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 50132-7 on 1995-11-28.
The following dates were fixed:
latest date by which the EN
has to be implemented at
national level by publication
of an identical national
standard or by endorsement (dop) 1996-11-01
latest date by which the
national standards
conflicting with the EN have
to be withdrawn
(dow) 1996-11-01
EN 50132 will consist of the following Parts, under
the general title Alarm systems CCTV
surveillance systems for use in security applications.
Part 1: System requirements;
Part 2-1: Black and white cameras;
Part 2-2: Colour cameras;
Part 2-3: Lenses;
Part 2-4: Ancillary equipment;
Part 3: Local and main control unit;
Part 4-1: Black and white monitors;
Part 4-2: Colour monitors;
Part 4-3: Recording equipment;
Part 4-4: Hard copy equipment;
Part 4-5: Video motion detection equipment;
Part 5: Video transmission;
Part 6: (free);
Part 7: Application guidelines.
NOTE Except for this Part 7, all Parts of the EN 50132 series
are still under consideration.

Contents
Introduction
1
Scope
2
Normative references
3
Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.2 Abbreviations
4
General considerations

Page
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3
3
3
3
5
5

5
5.1

Operational requirement
Purpose of the operational
requirement
5.2 Contents of the operational
requirement
6
System operational criteria
6.1 Determining operational procedures
6.2 Alarm response
6.3 System response times
7
System design criteria
7.1 Surveillance zone determination
criteria
7.2 Criteria for determining the number
of cameras and their location
7.3 Camera and lens selection criteria
7.4 Camera selection
7.5 Lens selection
7.6 Recommended object sizes
7.7 Ancillary equipment
7.8 Evaluation of scene and illumination
7.9 Selection of the video transmission
system
7.10 Control centre configuration
7.11 System specification
7.12 System test specification
8
Installation
8.1 Planning the installation
8.2 Cable installation
8.3 Hardware mounting
8.4 Documentation
9
Commissioning and hand-over
10 Maintenance
10.1 Modifications
Annex A (informative) Rotakin test
A.1 The Rotakin test target method
A.2 Specification of the Rotakin test target
A.3 Bibliography
Annex B (informative) Glossary of terms
Figure 1
Figure A.1 the ROTAKIN test target
Table A.1 Principle dimensions
Table A.2

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EN 50132-7:1996

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Introduction
The purpose of this standard is to provide guidance
to ensure that closed circuit television (CCTV)
system functions and their performance are fully
met.
This standard will prove useful to those responsible
for establishing operational requirements, writing
specifications, selecting, installing, commissioning,
using and maintaining a CCTV system.
Closed circuit television, in its simplest form, is a
means of providing images from a television camera
for viewing on a monitor via a private transmission
system. There is no theoretical limit to the number
of cameras and monitors which may be used in a
CCTV surveillance installation but in practice this
will be limited by the efficient combination of control
and display equipment and the operators ability to
manage the system.
The successful operation of a CCTV system requires
the active co-operation of the user in carrying out
the recommended procedures.

1 Scope
This standard gives recommendations for the
selection, planning and installation of closed circuit
television systems comprising of camera(s) with
monitor(s) and/or video recorder(s), switching,
control and ancillary equipment for use in security
applications.
The objectives of this standard are:
a) to provide a framework to assist customers,
installers and users in establishing their
requirements;
b) to assist specifiers and users in determining
the appropriate equipment required for a given
application;
c) to provide means of evaluating objectively the
performance of an installed system.

2 Normative references
Related standards for systems and equipment using
CCTV in security applications are:
CCIR report 624-4, Characteristics of television
systems.
CCIR recommendation 567-3, Transmission
performance of television circuits.

3 Definitions and abbreviations

3.1 Definitions
For the purpose of this standard, the following
definitions apply:

BSI 10-1998

3.1.1
CCTV system; CCTV surveillance system
a system consisting of camera equipment,
monitoring and associated equipment for
transmission and controlling purposes, which may
be necessary for the surveillance of a defined
security zone
3.1.2
CCTV surveillance installation
an installation consisting of the hardware and
software components of a CCTV system, fully
installed and operational for monitoring a defined
security zone
3.1.3
CCTV camera
a unit containing an imaging device producing a
video signal from an optical image
3.1.4
CCTV camera equipment
a unit containing a CCTV camera plus appropriate
lens and necessary ancillary equipment
3.1.5
camera housing
an enclosure to provide physical and/or
environmental protection of the camera, lens and
ancillary equipment
3.1.6
composite video signal (CVS)
the video output signal of a black and white (b/w)
camera comprising the picture component (video),
black reference (blanking) and the synchronisation
components (synchronisation)
3.1.7
composite colour video signal (CCVS)
the video output signal of a colour camera
comprising the burst and colour information (colour)
the picture luminance component (video), black
reference (blanking) and the synchronisation
components (synchronisation)
3.1.8
external synchronisation
a method of feeding reference timing signals to all
connected devices to ensure that their video output
signals are synchronous
3.1.9
camera sensitivity
imaging device illumination necessary to produce a
defined composite (colour) video signal amplitude
with a defined signal to noise ratio

EN 50132-7:1996

3.1.10
imaging device illumination

3.1.19
zoom lens

the level of illumination (illuminance) at the

photosensitive surface of the imaging device

a lens with adjustable focal length, in which the

image of the scene remains in focus as the focal
length is changed

3.1.11
imaging device
a device that converts an optical image into an
electrical signal
3.1.12
image sensor size

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the size of the light sensitive surface of the imaging

device
NOTE The value is expressed in inches and refers to the
diameter of the glass tube from which the camera tubes are
constructed.
Some examples of sizes are:
1-inch for 12,8 9,6 mm (16 mm diagonal)
2/3-inch for 8,8 6,6 mm (11 mm diagonal)
1/2-inch for 6,4 4,8 mm (8 mm diagonal)
1/3-inch for 4,8 3,6 mm (6 mm diagonal)

3.1.13
scene illumination
the level of illumination (illuminance) on the area to
be kept under surveillance

3.1.20
aperture number of the Lens (F)
the index of the theoretical light gathering power of
the lens, expressed as the ratio of the effective
diameter of the lens (entrance pupil) to the focal
length
3.1.21
transmission number of lens (T)
the index of the actual light gathering power of the
lens
3.1.22
ramping
a characteristic of some zoom lenses whereby the
effective aperture of the lens decreases as the focal
length is increased
3.1.23
iris

3.1.14
scene reflectance

a variable aperture mechanism which regulates the

amount of light passing through the lens onto the
imaging device of the CCTV camera

the proportion of the scene illumination reflected by

that scene

3.1.24
CCTV control unit

3.1.15
electronic shutter

equipment for controlling and monitoring the

required operational functions of the CCTV system

an arrangement in the camera changing its

sensitivity by electronically controlling its exposure
time

3.1.25
video matrix

3.1.16
electronic iris
an automatic electronic shutter which varies the
camera sensitivity in relation to the varying light
conditions in order to maintain the video output
signal within defined limits
3.1.17
lens
an optical device for projecting an image of a desired
scene onto the photo sensitive surface of the imaging
device
3.1.18
focal length (f)
a property of a lens, expressed in mm, giving the
angle of view for a given sensor size

a unit for connecting several input video signals to

several outputs
3.1.26
video switcher
a unit for switching a number of video input signals
to one or more outputs manually or automatically or
on receipt of an external signal
3.1.27
pan and tilt unit
a motorised unit permitting the vertical and
horizontal positioning of the camera equipment
3.1.28
preset shot
a function in pan and tilt units and/or zoom lenses,
which allows automatic return to one or more
predetermined positions

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EN 50132-7:1996

3.1.29
character generator

3.2.2
CCTV

a device for generating alpha numeric characters

and/or symbols and adding them into the image

closed circuit television

3.1.30
time/date generator
a device for generating time and date and adding
them into the image
3.1.31
video equalising amplifier

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equipment for correcting gain and frequency related

distortions in the video signal
3.1.32
slow scan transmission
the transmission of a series of non-real time images
or part images, by means of analogue or digital
signals over limited bandwidth transmission media
3.1.33
(video) monitor
a device for converting video signals into pictures on
a display screen
3.1.34
picture storage
the storing of video images
3.1.35
time lapse recording
the periodical recording of video signals at
pre-defined intervals
3.1.36
event recording
the event controlled recording or storing of image
signals for a pre-determined time
3.1.37
time multiplex recording
a method of recording several video signals on one
video channel by time multiplexing the frames of
these video signals
3.1.38
video printer
equipment for converting a video signal into an
image on paper
3.2 Abbreviations
3.2.1
CCIR
comit Consultatif International des
Radiocommunication (International Radio
Consultative Committee)

BSI 10-1998

3.2.3
EMC
electro-magnetic compatibility

4 General considerations
A CCTV system is the combination of camera
equipment, lighting, signal transmission, monitors,
etc. selected and installed to meet the customers
security surveillance requirements.
The recommended procedure for designing the
CCTV system is as follows:
a) develop the operational requirement.
b) design the system.
c) agree on the specification.
d) install and commission the system.
e) hand over the system to the customer.
f) maintenance.

5 Operational requirement
Persons without appropriate knowledge and
expertise may have to become involved in the
interpretation of specifications for CCTV
surveillance systems and one approach to this is to
write an operational requirement for subsequent
development into a full technical specification by a
suitably qualified person.
5.1 Purpose of the operational requirement
The operational requirement is a key document for
system designers. It states clearly what the
customer expects the functions of the system to do.
The development process encourages clear thinking
about what, where, when and by whom and in
particular the why of the system. It is produced by
managers, operators and in particular those who
use information from pictures gathered by the
system. The later stages of development should
involve those with the necessary skills to convert
statements into a technical specification and test
procedures. At appropriate stages checks need to be
made to ensure that the proposed implementation
will meet the operational requirement. Without an
operational requirement and a matching test
procedure there is no guarantee that the system will
meet its required purpose.
5.2 Contents of the operational requirement
The operational requirement should:
a) define the level of security required (threat
assessment);

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EN 50132-7:1996

b) define the area/volume to be covered by the

system (coverage);
c) explain the purpose of covering each
area/volume (function);
d) decide the method for obtaining information
from pictures (manual or automatic);
e) define the tasks to be performed as a result of
seeing each picture (outputs);
f) define the response time expected from each
part of the system (response time);
g) decide the range of conditions under which the
system and its components are expected to
function (environment);
h) decide where and when the tasks will be
performed and by whom (control);
i) decide on the worst case number of
simultaneous events to which the system needs to
respond (workload);
j) decide on the training requirements (training);
k) list any other special factors not covered by the
above.
NOTE It may be that the operational requirement cannot be
met with current technology. In this case the operational
requirement should be amended to allow for this and the
customer asked to agree that coverage/facilities might be
restricted in areas of contention.

c) timed events;
d) manual intervention.
6.2 Alarm response
The signalling of an alarm condition to the CCTV
system normally has priority over other inputs.
However, irrespective of the degree of automation,
the operator should be able to take manual control
of the system after alarm.
Automation of picture selection should take the
following into consideration:
a) specifying those view(s) to be selected in each
area where an alarm condition occurs;
b) allocation of the monitors that display the
pictures from those cameras. On screen display of
the camera identification from a character
generator and/or a mimic diagram of the
installation can be useful;
c) presentation of alarm pictures on designated
monitors;
d) handling of simultaneous alarm conditions;
e) what pictures are to be stored.
6.3 System response times

The principal task of the operator is to analyse the

content of the displayed pictures and take any
necessary actions.
Maximum use should be made of automatic
functions in order to free the operator for essential
tasks.

The following response times should be kept to a

minimum:
a) the time elapsing from the generation of an
alarm signal and its signalling to the CCTV
system;
b) control centre switching on receipt of alarm;
c) camera positioning if pre-set functions on the
zoom lens and pan and tilt unit are used.
d) monitoring equipment start up time or change
from time lapse mode to normal mode if a time
lapse recorder is used.
e) operators response time if intervention is
required.
To minimise response times, cameras, monitors,
video recorders, etc. should be continuously on, and
the system should not generate more information
than the operators can effectively manage.

6.1.1 Automation of the following functions should

be considered:

7 System design criteria

6 System operational criteria

The system operational criteria involve
determination of:
a) the operational procedures.
b) the alarm response.
c) the system response times.
6.1 Determining operational procedures

a) video switching,
b) selection of camera preposition,
c) monitoring equipment;
d) lighting control;
e) picture storage;
6.1.2 Some of the above functions might be
controlled from:
a) alarm conditions;
b) external trigger;

When designing a CCTV surveillance installation

the following criteria should be taken into account
bearing in mind the need to meet the operational
requirement.
a) determination of the zones or objects requiring
surveillance.
b) determination of the number of cameras, and
their locations, required to monitor the agreed
zones or objects.
c) evaluation of existing lighting and
consideration of new or additional illumination.
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EN 50132-7:1996

d) selection of cameras and equipment depending

on the operating environmental conditions.
e) control centre configuration.
f) power supplies.
g) determination of functional and operating
procedures.
h) maintenance.
More detail on some of these topics is covered in the
following clauses.

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7.1 Surveillance zone determination criteria

A CCTV surveillance installation is designed to
monitor events of fundamental importance. These
events might be hold up/theft, sabotage/vandalism,
hazard, evacuation, etc.
Typical examples of monitoring applications are:
a) perimeter surveillance.
b) access control.
c) safety.
d) property protection.
7.2 Criteria for determining the number of
cameras and their location
Once zones and objects requiring surveillance have
been identified the number of cameras required can
be determined by the fields of view of the cameras
equipment and system resolution and the nature of
the zones to be surveyed. Picture detail should be
consistent and adequate for the required level of
service.
The operational requirement of the system and its
use, as well as site constraints and service access,
may restrict the camera location and increase the
possibility of further cameras being required.
7.3 Camera and lens selection criteria
The selection criteria should take into account the
following:
a) for camera sensitivity and aperture number of
the lens, the prevailing and intended worst case
light levels and types of light including IR, etc;
b) the focal length of the lens in relation to the
size of the image sensor in the camera to give the
required fields of view;
c) the resolution of the camera and lens to
reproduce the detail to give the necessary
information in the fields of view;
d) the camera lens combination should be capable
of operating in the expected maximum and
minimum light levels;
e) the lens image area should be equal to or
greater than the effective diagonal of the imaging
device in the camera.

BSI 10-1998

7.4 Camera selection

7.4.1 The selection criteria should take into account
the following:
a) the camera equipment should satisfy the
operational requirement under all specified
environmental conditions;
b) safety regulations relating to the site.
7.4.2 Points to take into consideration:
a) white balance of colour cameras;
b) electronic iris in relation to picture degrading
for highlights;
c) long exposure times in relation to movement
blur;
d) spectral sensitivity in relation to the type of
illumination;
e) external synchronisation;
f) back-up power supply.
7.5 Lens selection
Selection of the correct lens type is as important as
the camera selection. A poor lens performance can
significantly detract from the overall performance of
the system. When selecting the lens the following
should be taken into account:
a) The lens field of view (indicated in the
manufacturers nominal figure tables) may be
reduced by any overscan in the display device;
b) the illumination of the sensor in the camera is
defined by the aperture number of the lens and
its transmission number, which is dependent on
the design of the lens;
c) internal lens reflections and ghosting can
significantly impair the image;
d) some zoom lenses are subject to ramping
whereby the effective aperture number of the lens
increases as the focal length is increased.
e) accuracy of the preset shots if fitted.
NOTE Having selected the camera-lens combination, it is
recommended that, for difficult scenes, a camera of the type
selected should be evaluated in conditions similar to those to be
encountered at the installation.

7.6 Recommended object sizes

The size of an object (target) on the monitor screen
should have a relation to the operator task,
e.g. identification, recognition, detection or
monitoring. If the target is a person and the CCTV
system has an installed limiting resolution of better
than 400 tv lines, the recommended minimum sizes
of this target are:
a) for identification the target should represent
not less than 120% of screen height.
b) for recognition the target should represent not
less than 50% of picture height.
7

EN 50132-7:1996

c) for detection of an intruder the target should

represent not less than 10% of picture height.
d) for crowd control (monitoring) the target
should represent not less than 5% of picture
height.
Figure 1 gives an indication of the relative sizes of a
person (target) on screen.

7.7.2 Pan and tilt units

a) platform loading.
b) torque figures in relation to unbalanced
platform loading and wind load.
c) pan and tilt unit backlash on both axes.
d) speed and range of movement of pan and tilt.
e) accuracy of the preset shots, if fitted.

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7.7.3 Towers and brackets:

a) fixing positions should allow for mechanical
stability, future access and safe working.
Planning considerations and architectural
requirements should be taken into account.
b) brackets and towers should be selected to
support the maximum weight of the equipment
and to provide sufficient rigidity for the camera
equipment and other devices. As a general rule,
the narrower the angle of view, the more rigid are
the mounting requirements.
The rigidity of camera equipment fixings and the
possibility of shock and vibration should also be
taken into account.
c) camera towers should preferably be of the
winch down or pivot type and be positioned to
provide safe access for service.
d) no equipment should be mounted near
overhead high voltage cables.
e) anti tamper devices should be employed where
it is required.
f) mounting equipment siting should not
compromise the overall security of the site.
g) moving cameras should have sufficient
clearance from adjacent objects.
7.8 Evaluation of scene and illumination
Figure 1
7.7 Ancillary equipment
It is important to select and install the correct
ancillary equipment for mounting the cameras. In
addition to the environmental conditions listed in
the operational requirements, the following should
be taken into account:
7.7.1 Camera housings
a) vandal resistance.
b) internal temperature rise as a function of
equipment heat dissipation.
c) camera and lens mounting arrangement should
allow for the separation of video signal earth and
housing and local safety earth.
d) access to the camera and lens, etc. for
maintenance.

The existing lighting should be evaluated for the

level, direction and spectral content. Optimal light
sources are those which have a spectrum that best
matches the camera imaging device response. If
additional lighting is required, the number, type,
siting and power of the light sources should be
determined taking the following parameters into
consideration:
a) light efficiency and photometric performance of
the light source.
b) area to be surveyed by cameras.
c) sensitivity and spectral response of the
cameras, particularly colour cameras.
d) reflectance of the materials making up the
majority of the surveyed area.
e) time delay to reach the specified light output of
the lamp after application of power.

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EN 50132-7:1996

f) the loss of light output of the lamp due to ageing

and lamp failure.
g) the new or additional light source selected
should give acceptable pictures under all likely
working conditions.
h) illumination over the scene being surveyed
should be as even as possible avoiding any area of
very low light illumination. The ratio of
maximum to minimum illumination within the
covered area of any scene should ideally be 4 : 1
or better.
i) where possible lights should be mounted so that
they do not impair the camera picture quality.
The preferred position for the light is above the
camera. The camera should not view the scene
through intense beams of light.
j) there should be safe access to the lamps for bulb
changing.
k) particular attention should be paid to the
direction of illumination. The aim is to produce a
maximum of contrast for intruder detection. An
object can only be detected if its brightness is
different to that of its background.
l) for identification and recognition purposes,
illumination should enable detailed features of
the object as stated in the operational
requirement to be observed.
m) constant illumination or quickly changing
lighting conditions.
n) static or transient highlights in a uniform
picture.
o) environmental influences on visibility like
rain, fog, etc.
7.9 Selection of the video transmission system
There are many methods of video transmission and
the suitability of a particular method for a given
application should be carefully evaluated.
Video transmission may be as simple as a single
coaxial cable or as complex as a microwave link or a
mix of different transmission means.
Consideration should be given to prevailing and
potential environmental conditions in those areas
where the equipment and/or cables are to be
installed.
7.9.1 Main video transmission systems are:
The main video transmission systems are:
a) coaxial cable: The type of cable chosen should
have a characteristic impedance of 75 Ohms. For
long cable runs amplifying or amplifying plus
video equalising equipment may be required to
meet the above performance.

BSI 10-1998

b) twisted pair transmission: The system uses

standard twisted pair cable,
typically 120-150 ohm balanced pairs, which
requires specialised transmission and receiving
equipment.
c) Micro wave and radio frequency
transmission: Correct alignment of
transmitting and receiving equipment is
essential. Systems normally need regulatory
authority approval.
d) infra red and laser transmission: This is a
line of sight system applicable only to
unobstructed signal paths.
The output of some transmitting devices can
cause eye damage therefore warning labels must
be fitted according to the appropriate safety
standards. Alignment and rigidity of
transmitting and receiving equipment is
important. The transmission may be affected by
fog, rain, snow etc. and the range can be reduced
by such phenomena and this should be taken
into account.
e) fibre optic transmission: Commonly
available types, together with the appropriate
fibre optic connectors should be used. The
transmission system should have sufficient
dynamic range to overcome all likely system
losses and a minimum of 3 cable repairs.
f) slow scan transmission: A system suitable
for both public and private telephone and data
networks. Many systems are available with
widely varying connection and transmission
speeds and resolution. System selection should be
carefully evaluated against the operational
requirement.
7.9.2 Selection criteria for video transmission
Considerations for the selection of a transmission
means or a combination of different means are:
a) bandwidth of the transmission path.
b) signal to noise ratio.
c) signal distortion.
d) distance to be covered.
e) interference immunity.
f) security of communication.
g) constraints in physical installation.
NOTE Signal to noise ratio and signal distortion are
cumulative and can cause picture degradation.

7.10 Control centre configuration

The operational requirement and personnel
available are the factors determining the number of
control locations and equipment configuration of the
control centre.

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EN 50132-7:1996

These parameters may be totally different at each

site. In general, surveillance activities should be
concentrated at a centre sited in protected premises.
The control centre configuration criteria may be
divided into:
a) system parameters.
b) site constraints.
c) number of monitors and their screen size.
d) use of picture storage.
e) video switcher.
f) camera control panel.
g) equipment siting.
h) equipment power dissipation and the possible
need for air conditioning.
7.10.1 System parameters
The system parameters are used to determine the
number of monitors, possible requirement for and
types of picture storage equipment (e.g. video tape
recorders), and other equipment such as video
printers, etc.
7.10.2 Site constraints
The site constraints determine the location and
physical lay-out of the (central) CCTV control unit.
7.10.3 Number of monitors and their screen size
The number of monitors should be determined on
the basis of:
a) the number of cameras installed.
b) functional considerations.
c) the number of operators on duty at one time.
The camera to monitor ratio should normally not
exceed 10 : 1.
The number of monitors should be sufficient to
display the maximum number of simultaneous
alarms as stated in the operational requirement.
The monitor screen size should be selected in
relation to the viewing distance. The recommended
viewing distance is approx. 5 times the displayed
picture diagonal.
7.10.4 Use of picture storage devices
The use of at least one picture storage device,
e.g. video recorder, fitted with a time/date
generator, is recommended at each site.
NOTE Picture storage equipment may lead to loss of picture
quality.

The following factors should be considered when

determining the number of picture storage devices
required.
a) event driven real time recording
(event recording).
b) system parameters defined in the operational
requirement.
10

c) possible use of time multiplex recording.

d) whether loss of recording during media
changes or play-back is acceptable.
7.10.5 Video switcher and video matrix
The design of the video switcher or matrix is directly
related to:
a) the number of cameras.
b) the number of outputs for monitors etc.
c) grouping criteria,
camera/monitor/control configuration.
d) manual, automatic or sequential switching.
e) alarm handling.
7.10.6 Equipment siting
The following criteria should be used for control
equipment siting:
a) the control desk should be ergonomically
designed with particular attention being paid to
monitor siting in order to avoid reflections from
extraneous light sources from the monitor
screens.
b) video storage equipment and storage media
should be installed in protected areas, preferably
inaccessible to unauthorised persons.
c) control equipment should be suitably
protected.
7.11 System specification
The system design criteria lead to the specification
of the system. The specification shows the location
of the equipment, the surveyed zones and the
technical specification of the equipment in the
system.
7.12 System test specification
Once a satisfactory specification has been produced
a system test specification can be drawn up. The
system test specification should cover tests which
will be used for acceptance testing the system and
tests to be carried out in a periodic test scheme. Care
should be taken that such tests are selected to
ensure that the system will fully meet its
operational requirement. Points to be covered
should be agreed between the customer and the
supplier.
The level of visual performance testing may include:
a) visual examination of displayed picture quality
and coverage of the surveyed areas.
b) as a) above, accompanied by a walk test.
c) as a) above, accompanied by a standardised
test target (see annex A).

BSI 10-1998

EN 50132-7:1996

8 Installation

8.4 Documentation

8.1 Planning the installation

Sufficient documentation should be created to allow

for the identification of all cables, their routing, type
and purpose. The level of documentation will
depend on the complexity of the individual system,
however, it should be sufficient for correct
operation, safe maintenance and future expansion
of the system.

Prior to commencing work all relevant Safety

Requirements should be considered. These will vary
with the nature of the premises and may involve
special installation equipment when working in
hazardous areas.
Electric installation methods should comply with
current national and site regulations and the
installation should be carried out by technicians
who are qualified to the appropriate level.

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

8.2 Cable installation

a) Cable routes should be planned to provide the
shortest practical distance between the
equipment locations. Consideration should be
given to the possibilities of future expansion of
the system and any likely changes to the site.
b) When selecting cables consideration should be
given to possible voltage drop and signal loss.
Environmental, safety and security aspects
should be taken into consideration and cables
should be marked with the appropriate ratings.
c) When fibre optic cables are used, loss figures
should allow for a minimum of three cable repairs
during the life of the system. Bending radius
should be within the manufacturers specification.
d) Overhead cable runs should be avoided
wherever possible. If this is not possible, the
clearance height should allow for stretching of
the support wire and fixings should comply to the
current standard.
e) Where cables are installed in underground
ducts, a draw wire should be left in the duct for
maintenance purposes.
f) Protection should be provided for cables which
are subject to mechanical damage or deliberate
interference.
g) Cable wiring to camera equipment with pan
and tilt units should remain sufficiently flexible
over the full environmental temperature range.
h) Precautions should be taken during cable
installation to ensure that moisture cannot
penetrate; this is especially important, when
using air spaced coax cables.

9 Commissioning and hand-over

Prior to handing over the system to the customer, a
qualified person should perform an inspection and
test comprising of:
a) the visual and functional check of all parts of
the CCTV surveillance installation. The basis for
the functional check should be the test
specification for the system developed from the
operational requirement and system
specification.
the visual test covers the standard of
workmanship of the installation, the
functional quality of the equipment and their
compliance with the system specification.
the functional test includes checking the
functional compatibility of the components of
the installation.
inspection tests may be carried out on parts
of the installation as they are completed.
b) confirmation that the operator manual and
documentation for the system is complete.
c) the performance specification and results from
performance testing together with a signed
inspection report.
d) recommended maintenance schedule for the
system if no maintenance contract has been
agreed.
e) if the operational requirement states that
training is to be provided then the supplier
should provide sufficient training to ensure
correct operation of the system.

8.3 Hardware mounting

a) Fixings should be in accordance with the
manufacturers instructions. Environmental
conditions may influence the choice of fixings.
b) Earthing should take into consideration the
possibility of lightning strikes and electrical
interference. On winch down and pivot types of
masts, earth continuity must allow for the
mechanical joints.

BSI 10-1998

11

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EN 50132-7:1996

10 Maintenance

10.1 Modifications

Systems must be maintained periodically in

accordance with the schedule supplied by the
system designer or supplier. Where special test
instruments and tools are required for
maintenance, this should be stated in the
maintenance plan. Prior to the maintenance the test
instruments should be checked for correct
calibration. When periodic tests are to be carried out
during maintenance this should be stated in the
schedule. Sufficient spare parts should be available
to carry out any necessary repairs. The results of the
periodic tests should be recorded and compared with
previous tests.
Maintenance and testing should only be carried out
by qualified personnel.

If modifications are made to the CCTV surveillance

installation or to its configuration, the
documentation should be updated and an inspection
test carried out on the relevant parts of the system.

12

BSI 10-1998

EN 50132-7:1996

Annex A (informative)
Rotakin test
A.1 The Rotakin test target method

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

The Rotakin test method uses a standardised test

target known as the Rotakin. It is used to evaluate
the performance of a closed circuit television
security system.
The Rotakin test target is a panel simulating a
silhouette of a person and is illustrated
in Figure A.1. The target panel bears high contrast
resolution bars and a wedge chart. These markings
are incidental to the basic test procedure but are
provided as a means of evaluating the resolution of
the system.

A.1.5 Resolution
The Rotakin should be used to check the resolution
of the system. The results should be recorded for all
cameras.
A.2 Specification of the Rotakin test target
A.2.1 Dimensions and shape
The principal dimensions of the target panel are
given in Table A.1; refer to Figure A.1 for
illustration:
Table A.1 Principle dimensions
Dimensions
mm

overall height

Tolerance
mm

1600

0/-50

400

0/-25

A.1.1 Test methodology

overall width

The Rotakin can be used to test coverage,

determining acceptable image height, resolution
and contrast of the image of the target.
The Rotakin can be clad in camouflage or other
suitable material as appropriate to the site but a
camouflage with standard reflection characteristics
is recommended.
The Rotakin can be mounted on a stand fitted with
a small motor to allow it to rotate to simulate a
moving target.

body height

1000

0/-25

head height

300

0/-25

head width

200

0/-25

A.1.2 Coverage
The Rotakin is placed at strategic positions within
the area of coverage as defined by the operational
requirements or system specification, and
detectability at each location is confirmed. This test
should be carried out over the total light range over
which the system is intended to operate.
A.1.3 Image height
The Rotakin should be place at strategic points
within the coverage as indicated above and the
images of the Rotakin as presented on the monitor
screen measured. The image heights, as a
percentage of the displayed screen height, should be
recorded. It should be confirmed that these figures
comply with the operational requirement or system
specification.
A.1.4 Contrast
The Rotakin is placed at various strategic positions
within the defined coverage. An image of the view
containing the Rotakin is presented to the operator
and the image contrast is evaluated. This test
should be repeated for the various positions and the
results recorded. Note should be made of the
appearance of the target on the monitor. It should be
described in term of: very clear, clear, indistinct or
not discernible or score it as 3, 2, 1 or 0.

BSI 10-1998

NOTE The shape of the neck joining to the torso is arbitrary but
must not exceed the maximum head width. The torso corners are
rounded for the safety of users.

A.2.2 Markings and colour

The target body panel bears a number of standard
size markings as an aid to the assessment of image
quality.
The markings must be high contrast over the
spectral response range of the imaging system to be
tested.
The body panel is low reflectance throughout the
visible spectrum extending to at least 950 nm. For
detection tests or to influence its visibility the target
may be clothed in any appropriate material or
colour.
Table A.2 gives the dimensions of the scale
markings identified A to M on the target and their
relationship to the measurement of tv lines
(per picture height) for a CCIR 625 line system.
On the wedge of alternating white and black bars,
A to H, are locations where the width of a black and
a white cycle is given in the table. The ratio of height
to width of each of the individual bars in markings
identified as J to M should not be less than 3 : 1.
The axis of symmetry of a pair of parallel lines
passes through the axis of rotation of the target
allowing the effect of exposure time on moving
image quality to be investigated. The lines
are 20 mm wide and 20 mm apart (corresponding to
the line pair width of K in Table A.2), broken
every 70 mm along their length; the sections are
numbered 1 to 6.

13

EN 50132-7:1996

Table A.2
Marking
reference

Width of
line pair

Tv lines per picture height (625 line system) when the target
occupies given percentage screen height

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

(mm/cycle)

100%

50%

20%

10%

5%

6,4

500

1000

2500

5000

10000

7,1

450

900

2250

4500

9000

8,0

400

800

2000

4000

8000

9,1

350

700

1750

3500

7000

10,07

300

600

1500

3000

6000

12,8

250

500

1250

2500

5000

16,0

200

400

1000

2000

4000

21,3

150

300

750

1500

3000

32,0

100

200

500

1000

2000

40,0

80

160

400

800

1600

80,0

40

80

200

400

800

160,0

20

40

100

200

400

The target has stylised facial features, black on

white at one end, white on black at the other.
A.2.3 Rotation
The target may be mounted on a stand to rotate
about the intersection of its principle major axes.
This mounting point would normally be located one
metre above ground level. The rotation speed should
normally be 25 revolutions/minute.
Normally the orientation of the target would be with
the body panel vertical, facing the camera under
test.
Rotation of the target allows evaluation of the effect
of exposure time on moving image quality. This is
carried out by determining in which section
(between 1 and 6) the individual lines of the pair of
parallel lines are just distinguishable.

14

A.3 Bibliography
Performance testing CCTV perimeter surveillance
systems (A handbook for use of the Rotakin
standard test target).
Version 1.0, by J. Aldridge and C. Gilbert.
P.S.D.B. publication No. 14/95, ISBN 1 85 893536 9
Supplier of the Rotakin test target:
Beard & Fitch Ltd.,
Unit 1, Crammond Park,
Lovet Road,
Harlow, Essex, CM19 5TF,
United Kingdom

BSI 10-1998

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

EN 50132-7:1996

Figure A.1 the ROTAKIN test target

BSI 10-1998

15

EN 50132-7:1996

Annex B (informative)
Glossary of terms
The terminology used in the domain of CCTV
surveillance systems for use in security applications
should be interpreted as defined in this annex.
B.1 aperture number of the Lens (F): The index
of the theoretical light gathering power of the lens,
expressed as the ratio of the effective diameter of
the lens (entrance pupil) to the focal length.

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

B.2 automatic iris: A mechanism for controlling

the iris of the lens in relation to the scene
illumination depending on the video signal.
B.3 auto pan function: A function that allows
automatic panning between adjustable limits.
B.4 back focus: The distance between the external
surface of the lens which is closest to the imaging
device (last lens vertex), and the focal point.
B.5 camera housing: An enclosure to provide
physical and/or environmental protection of the
camera, lens and ancillary equipment.
B.6 camera sensitivity: Imaging device
illumination necessary to produce a defined
composite (colour) video signal amplitude with a
defined signal to noise ratio.
B.7 CCTV camera: A unit containing an imaging
device producing a video signal from an optical
image.

B.13 character generator: A device for generating

alpha numeric characters and/or symbols and
adding them into the image.
B.14 composite colour video signal (CCVS):
The video output signal of a colour camera
comprising the burst and colour information (colour)
the picture luminance component (video), black
reference (blanking) and the synchronisation
components (synchronisation).
B.15 composite video signal (CVS): The video
output signal of a black and white (b/w) camera
comprising the picture component (video), black
reference (blanking) and the synchronisation
components (synchronisation).
B.16 depth of focus: The range of distances from
the lens over which the image appears acceptably
sharp.
B.17 electronic iris: An automatic electronic
shutter which varies the camera sensitivity in
relation to the varying light conditions in order to
maintain the video output signal within defined
limits.
B.18 electronic shutter: An arrangement in the
camera changing its sensitivity by electronically
controlling its exposure time.
B.19 event recording: The event controlled
recording or storing of image signals for a
pre-determined time.

B.8 CCTV camera equipment: A unit containing

a CCTV camera plus appropriate lens and necessary
ancillary equipment.

B.20 external synchronisation: A method of

feeding reference timing signals to all connected
devices to ensure that their video output signals are
synchronous.

B.9 CCTV control unit: Equipment for controlling

and monitoring the required operational functions
of the CCTV system.

B.21 fixed focal length lens: A lens with one

defined focal length.

B.10 CCTV surveillance installation: An

installation consisting of the hardware and software
components of a CCTV system, fully installed and
operational for monitoring a defined security zone.
B.11 CCTV system: A system consisting of camera
equipment, monitoring and associated equipment
for transmission and controlling purposes, which
may be necessary for the surveillance of a defined
security zone.
B.12 central CCTV control unit: A unit for
monitoring and controlling a number of local CCTV
control units.

16

B.22 filter mount: The attachment point on a lens

for mounting an optical filter.
B.23 flange back distance: The distance between
the surface of the lens mount flange to the focal
point.
B.24 focal length (f): A property of a lens,
expressed in mm, giving the angle of view for a given
sensor size.
B.25 focusing mechanism of the lens: A
mechanism on the lens enabling correct focus of
objects at various distances from the lens.

BSI 10-1998

EN 50132-7:1996

B.26 imaging device: A device that converts an

optical image into an electrical signal.

B.40 pan unit: A motorised unit permitting

horizontal positioning of the camera equipment.

B.27 imaging device illumination: The level of

illumination (illuminance) at the photosensitive
surface of the imaging device.

B.41 picture storage: The storing of video images.

B.28 image sensor size: The size of the light

sensitive surface of the imaging device. The value is
expressed in inches and refers to the diameter of the
glass tube from which the camera tubes are
constructed.

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

NOTE Some examples of sizes are:

1-inch for 12,8 9,6 mm (16 mm diagonal)
2/3-inch for 8,8 6,6 mm (11 mm diagonal)
1/2-inch for 6,4 4,8 mm (8 mm diagonal)
1/3-inch for 4,8 3,6 mm (6 mm diagonal)

B.29 iris: A variable aperture mechanism which

regulates the amount of light passing through the
lens onto the imaging device of the CCTV camera.
B.30 lens: An optical device for projecting an image
of a desired scene onto the photo sensitive surface of
the imaging device.

B.42 pinhole lens: A specialised lens with a small

entrance pupil for surveillance through a very small
orifice.
B.43 pixel: An acronym for picture element, which
is the smallest sample of an image.
NOTE The sample of an image may be a discrete sample
produced by a solid state imaging device or by a digitised sample.

B.44 preset shot: A function in pan and tilt units

and/or zoom lenses, which allows automatic return
to one or more predetermined positions.
B.45 ramping: A characteristic of some zoom lenses
whereby the effective aperture of the lens decreases
as the focal length is increased.
B.46 remote controlled camera equipment:
Devices for controlling the functions of camera and
ancillary equipment via remote control signals.

B.31 lens mount: The mechanical interface

between the lens and the camera.

B.47 scene brightness: The observed brightness of

an object in the scene, dependent on the scene
illumination and scene reflectance.

B.32 local CCTV control unit: A unit for

controlling and/or monitoring part of the overall
CCTV system.

B.48 scene illumination: The level of illumination

(illuminance) on the area to be kept under
surveillance.

B.33 manual iris: A mechanism for manually

adjusting the iris of the lens.

B.49 scene reflectance: The proportion of the

scene illumination reflected by that scene.

B.34 (video) monitor: A device for converting

video signals into pictures on a display screen.

B.50 slow scan transmission: The transmission

of a series of non-real time images or part images, by
means of analogue or digital signals over limited
bandwidth transmission media.

B.35 motorised iris: A motor driven mechanism on

the lens for adjusting the iris.
B.36 nd-filter iris: An iris whose segments include
neutral density filters with graded density for
further reducing the optical transmission of the lens
beyond that achievable by normal closing of the iris.
B.37 optical filter: A device that modifies specific
optical properties of the light passing through it
(e.g. spectral properties, image quality properties).
B.38 optical focus: The position of the focusing
mechanism of a lens that gives the sharpest image
of the desired object.
B.39 pan and tilt unit: A motorised unit
permitting the vertical and horizontal positioning of
the camera equipment.

BSI 10-1998

B.51 split screen unit: Equipment which

simultaneously displays parts of more than one
image on a single monitor.
B.52 spot-filter lens: A lens with a graded internal
neutral density filter mechanism for further
reducing the optical transmission of the lens beyond
that achievable by the iris alone.
B.53 time/date generator: A device for generating
time and date and adding them into the image.
B.54 time lapse recording: The periodical
recording of video signals at pre-defined intervals.

17

EN 50132-7:1996

B.55 time multiplex recording: A method of

recording several video signals on one video channel
by time multiplexing the frames of these video
signals.
B.56 time multiplex transmission: A method of
transmitting several video signals on one video
channel by time multiplexing the frames of these
video signals.

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

B.57 transmission number of lens (T): The index

of the actual light gathering power of the lens.
B.58 variable focal length lens: A lens with
adjustable focal length, in which the image of the
scene does not remain in focus as the focal length is
changed.
B.59 vertical interval switching: Controlled
switching between video inputs during the vertical
retrace time.
B.60 video amplifier: A device for amplifying the
video signal level.
B.61 video distribution amplifier: A device
which provides multiple video outputs from one
video input.

18

B.62 video equalising amplifier: Equipment for

correcting gain and frequency related distortions in
the video signal.
B.63 video matrix: A unit for connecting several
input video signals to several outputs.
B.64 video motion detector: Equipment for
generating an alarm condition in response to a
change of the contents of a given image.
B.65 video memory: Equipment for electronic
storage of one or more video images.
B.66 video multiple image unit: Equipment for
combining and displaying several complete pictures
simultaneously on a single monitor.
B.67 video printer: Equipment for converting a
video signal into an image on paper.
B.68 video switcher: A unit for switching a
number of video input signals to one or more outputs
manually or automatically or on receipt of an
external signal.
B.69 zoom lens: A lens with adjustable focal
length, in which the image of the scene remains in
focus as the focal length is changed.

BSI 10-1998

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

BS EN 50132-7:1996

List of references

See national foreword.

BSI 10-1998

Licensed copy:CITY OF BATH COLLEGE, 13/07/2005, Uncontrolled Copy, BSI

BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL

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This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of
necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations. If these
details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior
written permission of BSI must be obtained.
If permission is granted, the terms may include royalty payments or a licensing
agreement. Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright Manager.
Tel: 020 8996 7070.