A.

The Ia afferent fiber innervates dynamic, static nuclear bag fibers and nuclear chain fibers
B. Group II sensory fibers don't innervate dynamic nuclear bag fibers
C. -motor neurons constitute about 30% of the fibers in the ventral roots
D. Activation of dynamic -motor neurons decreases the dynamic sensitivity of the group Iaendings
Ans-D

Inverse stretch reflex is mediated by
A. Muscle spindles
B. Golgi tendon organs
C. Renshaw cells
D. Deiter cells
Ans-B
Muscle
Intrafusal muscle fibers-pure sensory function
spindles
Extra fusal fibres-the regular contractile units of the muscle
Two types of intrafusal fibers- nuclear bag fiber (dynamic and static) and nuclear chain
fiber
Sensory
A single primary (group Ia) ending and up to eight secondary (group II) endings
endings in
dynamic response- Ia afferents are very sensitive to the velocity of the change in muscle
spindle
length during a stretch
static response- activity of group Ia and II afferents provide information on steadystate
length of the muscle
Motor nerve
-motor neurons (constitute about 30% of the fibers
supply
two types of -motor neurons: dynamicsupplies the dynamic nuclear bag fibers and
static- supply the static nuclear bagfibers and the nuclear chain fibers
Activation of dynamic g-motor neurons increases the dynamic sensitivity of the group Ia
endings
Activation of the static g-motor neurons increases the tonic level of activity in both group
Ia and II endings, decreases the dynamic sensitivity of group Ia afferents, and can prevent
silencing of Ia afferents during muscle stretch

Inverse stretch reflex
Receptor- Golgi tendon organ(netlike collection of knobby nerve end-ings among the fascicles of a
tendon)
325 muscle fibers per tendon organ
Regulates muscle force(or tension)

MCQ
The earliest reflex to recover following spinal shock is
A. Inverse stretch reflex
B. Withdrawl reflex
C. Mass reflex
D. Lengthening reaction
Ans-B
Spinal shock:
in humans it usually lasts for a minimum of 2 weeks
Withdrawl reflex and knee jerk appears first
Mass reflex-associated with defecation, urination elicited by stroking thigh in spinal shockpatients
Can produce walking movements. Spinal centers- locomotor pattern generators in cervical &lumbar
regions and mesencephalic locomotor region in midbrain

Cerebellum
MCQ

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Golgi cells of cerebellum-true are A/E

A. They are inhibitory
B. GABAergic interneurons
C. Their somata are located in the granular layer
D. Golgi cell dendritic trees are flattened
Ans-D
Cerebellum:
Structure
weighs only 10% as much as the cerebral cortex, but its surface area is about 75% of that
of the cerebral cortex
superior cerebellar peduncle-fibersfrom deep cerebellar nuclei--project to thebrain stem,
red nucleus, and thalamus
middle cerebellar peduncle-afferent fibersfrom the contralateral pontine nuclei
inferior cerebellar peduncle-afferent fibersfrom the brain stem and spinal cord
andefferent fibers to the vestibular nuclei
Organisation comprises of cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei
four deep nuclei: Dendate,Globose,Emdoliform,Fatigial(Mn.DEFG)
Divisions of Anatomical division
cerebellum
1.Flocculo-nodular lobe
2.Anterior lobe
3.Posterior lobe
Phylogenetic division
1.Archicerebellum
2.Paleocerebellum
3.Neocerebellum
Functional division
1.Vestibulocerebellum
2.Spinocerebellum
3.Cerebrocerebellum (Neocerebellum)
Histology
Layers
External molecular layer
Middle Purkinje cell layer
Internal granule cell layer
Cell types(Mn.SPB-G2)
Purkinje cell
Granule cell
Basket cell
Stellate cell
Golgi cell
Input to the Climbing fibres:
cerebellar
arise from the region of inferior olivary nucleus in medulla.
cortex
They make synaptic connections with Purkinje cells.
Climbing fibres produce high frequency bursts or complex spikes.
They play a major role in motor learning.
Carry proprioceptive impulses from all over the body
Mossy fibres:
Arise from different centres in brainstem and spinal cord.
They make synaptic connection with Purkinje cells.
They produce simple spikes.
They also synapse with granule cells.
Axons of granule cells bifurcate. They excite the Purkinje cells through parallel fibres.
Carry proprioceptive input from all parts of the body and cerebral cortex
Output from Output of the cerebellar cortex is from
cerebellar

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