Curreent-mode KHN

K
filterr employin
ng curren t differenccing transsconductan
nce
am
mplifiers
Current differencing
d
transconducctance ampliffier (CDTA)
A CDTA consists of an inpu
ut current diff
fferencer and a dual outputt transconducttance stage. T
The
input stag
ge takes the diifference of in
nput signals and
a transfers tthis differencee current to thhe intermediaate z
terminal, where
w
this cu
urrent is conveerted to voltage via externaal impedancee.
The
T differentiaal input curren
nt flows over the z terminaal. An externaal impedance is usually
connected
d to this node and the voltaage over this impedance
i
is converted to the output cuurrents by thee
output traansconductorss with transconductance
for the posiitive output annd
for thhe negative
output.

Fig. 1. a) Thee circuit symb

bol b) The eqquivalent circcuit of the CD
DTA.
A CDTA is a 5-terminal
5
currrent-mode acctive buildingg block. It cann be also conssidered as a
current op
perational amp
plifier, as in Figure
F
1, and the defining equations maatrix is given as

V p 0 0
V 0 0
n
I z 1 1

I x 0 0

0 I p
0
0 I n
0
0 Vx

0 g m Vz
0

Thereforee, this active element

e
can be
b characterizeed with the foollowing equaations:
0

Consideriing the deviation of the volltage and currrent gains from

m their ideal values, the deefining equattion
of the CD
DTA in Figuree 1b becomes::