----------------------------Tangible project and self

contained------------------------------Metrics measurement that evaluate result to determine wether a

project is meeting its goals.
Critical success factors (CSFs) the crucial step that a company
make to perform to achieve their goals and objectives and
implement strategies.
Key performance indicators (KPIs) the quantifiable metrics that a
company use to evaluate the progress towards critical success
factors.
------------------------Intangible project and cross
departmental-------------------------Efficiency MIS Metric measures the performance of the MIS itself.
(How a firm is using its resources in an optimal way)
Example Transaction speed, system availability, throughput,
response time, information accuracy.
Effectiveness MIS Metrics - measure the impact MIS has on business
processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion
rates and sell-through increases.
Example customer satisfaction, conversion rates, usability and
financial.
Business uses metrics to measure the success of strategic initiative
because they cannot manage what they cannot measure.
Website metric
-abandoned registrations
-abandoned shopping carts
-click-through
-conversion rates
-cost-per-thousand
-page exposures
-total hits
-unique visitors
SCM Metric
-Back order
-customer order promised cycle time
-customer order actual cycle time
-inventory replenishment cycle time

-inventory turns
CRM Metric
-(service, sales, marketing) metric
BPR, ERP large and enterprisewide, difficult to measure, use
balanced scorecards
Balanced scorecards a management system, in addition to
measurement system, that helps an organisation to clarify their
visions and strategy and turns translate them into actions.
Organizational employees must work closely together to develop
strategic initiative that creates competitive advantages.
CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO) overseas all uses of IT and
ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and
objectives.
CHIEF TECHNOLOGY OFFICER (CTO) responsible for ensuring the
throughput, speed, accuracy, availabity and reliability of IT.
CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO) responsible for ensuring the
security of IT and developing strategies for AND IT SAFEGUARDS
against attacks from hackers and virusses.
CHIEF PRIVACY OFFICER (CPO) responsible for ensuring the ethical
and legal use of information.
CHIEF KNOWLEDGE OFFICER (CKO) responsible for collecting,
maintaing and distributing the organizations knowleldge.
IT PROFESSIONALS; IT personnel has technological expertise.
!!!GAP !!!!
BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS; Business personeel have expertise in
functional areas
!!! to improve communication !!!
IT PROFESSIONALS; IT personnel must seek to increase their
understanding of the business
CIO ensures the effective communication between IT personnel
and Business personnel

BUSINESS PROFESSIONALS; Business personnel must seek to

increase their understanding of IT.

Ethics and Security are two fundamental blocks that an organization

must base on to their business to be successful
Ethics- the principle or standards that guide our behaviour toawrds
other people.
Privacy the right to be left alone when you want to, to have control
over your personal belongings possessions, and not to be observed
without your consent.
Information Security the protection of information from accidental
or intentional misuse by peole inside or outside of the organization.
Issues affcted by technology advances
-intellectual property
-fair use doctrine
-counterfeit software
-pirated software
-copyright

Information Types
-Transactional Information
-Analytical information
Information Timeliness
-Real-time information
-Real-time system
Information quality
-Accurate
-Consistent
-Correct
-Timely
-Unique
Information Governance

Database maintains various type of objects(inventory),

events(transactions), people(employee) and place(warehouses)
Database management system allows user to create, read, update
and delete data in a relational database.
Relational database model stores information in the form of
logically related two dimensional table (with rows and columns)
Entity ( row) a person, place, thing, transaction or event about
which information to be stored.
Attribute (Field, column) the data elements associated with a given
an entity
Record collection of related data elements
Primary key a field (or groups of field) that gives unique
identification to a given entity.
Foreign key a primary key in a table that appears attribute to
another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the
two tables.

Advantages of relational database

Increase flexibility
-provides user with multiple logical views
increase scalability and performance
-scalability; refers to how well a firm can adapt to increased
demands
-performance; refers to how quickly a firm performs a process or
activity transaction
reduced information redundance

-information redundancy; the duplication of data or storing the same

information in multiple places
increased information integrity
-information integrity; measures the quality of information
-integrity constraint; rules that help ensure the quality of
information
increased information security
-password; authentication of the user
-access level; determines who has access to different types of
informations
-access control; determines the type of user access, readthroughonly access
data-driven website- an interactive website kept constantly updated
and is relevant to the need of the customer using database
data-driven websites limit the amount of information displayed to
the customer based on the unique search requirements
advantages of data driven websites
-easy to store large amount of data; website owners can use
template to change layout, navigation or website structures
-easy to eliminate human error; data driven website traps dataentry error, eliminating inconsistency
-easy to manage content; website owners can make changes
without relying on MIS professionals, users can update with little or
no training.

Integration-allows separate system to communiacte directly with

each other.
Forward-integration takes information entered into a given system
and automatically sends it to all downstream system and turns them
into action processes.
Backward-integration takes information entered into a given
system and automatically send it to all upstream system and
processes

Data warehouse a logical collection of information gathered from

many different operational databases that supports business
analysis activities and decision-making tasks
Primary purpose to have aggregate information throughout an
organization into a single repository for decision making purposes
Data mart - a subset of related data warhouse information
Primary purpose to have focused information subsets particular to
the need f a business unit
Ectractinion, transformation and loading (ETL) the process that
extracts information inside or outside an organisation from internal
or external databases., transforms information using a common set
of enterprise definitons and loads them in a data warehouse
Business intelligence information that people use to support their
decision making efforts
BI has now become the art of shifting through large amount of data,
extracting information, and transorms turning them into actions
actionable knowledge
BI enables business users to receive data for analysis that is
-realiable
-unique understandable
-consistent
-easily manipulated
dimension
-a particular attribute of information
cube
-a common term for representation of multidensional information
data mining the process that analyzes information data for
extracting to extract information not offered by the raw data alone
information cleansing or scrubbing
-the process that weed out and fixes or discards incorrect,
inconsistent or incomplete information
-

missing keys or other required data

missing records or attributes
inaccurate data

erroneous relationship or reference

redundant records