ABBREVIATIONS

COFEPOSA
CARE
CHOGM
CSO
CVRDE
EPZ
ESMA
FEMA
GATE
HUDCO

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Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Act

Co-operative for American Relief Everywhere
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
Central Statistical Organisation
Combat Vehicles Research Development Establishment
Export Processing Zone
Essential Services Maintenance Act
Foreign Exchange Management Act
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
Housing and Urban Development Corporation

SUPERLATIVES
Largest delta
Largest diamond
Largest archipelago
Smallest bird
Largest library

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Largest sea bird

Largest sea
Hottest place
Largest peninsula
Largest museum

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Longest mountain range

Deepest lake
Largest gulf
Largest desert
Largest creature

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Sunderban
The Cullinan
Indonesia
Humming Bird
United States Library of Congress,
Washington (more than 59,000,000 items)
Albatross
South China Sea
Azizia (Libya, Africa 580c (1360F))
Arabia
American Museum of Natural History,
New York City
Andes, South America - 8,800 km long
Baikal (Siberia); Average depth 701 metre
Gulf of Mexico
Sahara (Africa)
Blue Whale

PARLIAMENTS
COUNTRY
USA
Sweden
Russia
Japan
Denmark
Israel
China
Iran
Nepal
Poland
Afghanistan
Norway
Spain
Switzerland

PARLIAMENT
-

Congress
Riksdag
Duma
Diet
Folketing
knesset
National Peoples Congress
Majlis
National Panchayat
Sejm
Shora
Storting
Crotes
Federal Assembly

Branches of Science
Eugenics

: is the study of ways in which the physical and mental characteristic of the human
race may be improved. Modern elemination of genetic diseases.
: The science dealing with the production, control and application of very low
temperature.
: It is the process of extracting metals from their ores.
: The cure of disease by the internal and external use of water.
: It is the method of treating diseases by sunlight.
: It is the science of launching projectiles into space.

Cryogenics
Metallurgy
Hydropathy
Heliotherapy
Ballistics

Years
1885
1905
1906
1911
1911
1917
1919
1919
1924
1929
1930
1932
1937
1942
1945
1946
1948
1950

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Formation of Indian National Congress

Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon
Muslim League was formed at Dacca
Partition of Bengal was cancelled by Lord Hardinge
India's Capital was Shifted from Calcutta to Delhi
Gandhijis Champaran campaign launched
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
Khilafat Movement
Communist Party of India was formed
Poorna Swaraj resolution at Lahore session
Gandhijis Dandi March
Third Round Table Conference
Provincial Autonomy
Quit India Movement
Trial of INA at Red Fort
British Cabinet Mission visited India
Death of Mahatma Gandhi
India becomes a Republic

Wildlife sanctuaries and national parks

Hazaribagh
Sivapuri National Park
Kanha National Park
Jim Corbet National Park
Manas Sanctuary
Ghana Bird Sanctuary
Bandipur Sanctuary
Dachigam Sanctuary
Chandra Prabha Sanctuary
Kaziranga Sanctuary
Periyar Sanctuary
Bharatpur
Nagerhole
Tadoba National Park
Gir Lion Sanctuary

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Bihar
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Uttaranchal
Assam
Rajasthan
Karnataka
Kashmir
Uttar Pradesh
Assam
Kerala
Rajasthan
Karnataka
Maharashtra
Gujarat

First in India
Actress to win Padma Shri Award
Bharat Ratna Award winner
Miss World
Field Marshal
Elected President
Cosmonaut
Chief Justice of India
Chief Election Commissioner
Chairman of Rajya Sabha
Woman to swim the English Channel
Woman Jnanpith Award winner
Woman IPS officer
Woman Governor

Nargis Dutt (1958).

C. Rajagopalachari (1954).
Reita Faria (1966).
S.H.F.J. Manekshaw (1973).
S. Radhakrishnan (1962-67).
Rakesh Sharma (1984).
Harilal J. Kania (1950-51).
Sukumar Sen (1950-58).
S.V. Krishnamoorthy (1952).
Arati Saha (1959).
Ashapurna Devi (1976).
Kiran Bedi (1974).
Sarojini Naidu (1947).

National Laboratories
National Physical Laboratory
National Institute of Oceanography
National Environment Engineering
Research Institute (NEERI)
Indian Institute of Petroleum
National Chemical Laboratory
Central Road Research Institute
Central Mining Research Station
Central Drug Research Institute
Central Building Research Institute
Central Food Technological
Research Institute
Central Leather Research Institute
National Aeronautical Laboratory

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New Delhi
Panaji (Goa)

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Nagpur
Dehra Dun (Uttaranchal)
Pune
New Delhi
Dhanbad (Bihar)
Lucknow (UP)
Roorkee (UP)

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Mysore
Chennai
Bangalore

Sports Terms
Scoop
Baton
Fault
Punch
Ashes
Chinaman
Off side
Bulls eye
Deuce
Scissors
Volley

Hockey
Relay (Athletics)
Badminton/Tennis
Boxing
Cricket
Cricket
Football/Hockey
Shooting
Tennis
Wrestling
Tennis

Malayalam Books and Authors

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COUNTRIES WITH CHANGED NAMES

New Name

Old Name

Iraq
Iran
Zimbabwe
Malaysia
Ghana
Surinam
Myanmar
Guyana

Mesopotamia
Persia
Rhodesia
Malaya
Gold Coast
Dutch Guiana
Burma
British Guiana

COUNTRIES WITH ALTERNATE NAMES

Japan
Taiwan
India

Nippon
Formosa
Bharat

FIRST IN THE WORLD

Woman to reach North Pole
Test Tube Baby
Woman Prime Minister
of a country
Woman President of a country
Men on Mt. Everest
without Oxygen

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Ann Bancroft
Louise Joy Brown

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Sirimavo Bandaranaike (1960)

Maria Estela Peron (Argentina)

Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler (1978)

Foreigner to get Bharat Ratna

First Chinese pilgrim to visit India
Englishman to receive
Nobel Prize for Literature
Pope to visit India
Woman to climb Mount Everest
Muslim invader of India

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Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Fahien

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Rudyard Kipling (1907)

Pope Paul VI
Junko Taibei
Mohammad-bin-Qasim

Quotations
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing
Man is by nature a political animal
Fools rush in where angels fear to tread
A thing of beauty is a joy for ever
Just as I would not like to be a slave,
so I would not like to be a master
I came, I saw, I conquered
Jai Jawan Jai Kisan
Gharibi Hatawo
Child is the father of man

Alexander Pope
Aristotle
Alexander Pope
John Keats

Abraham Lincoln
Julius Caesar
Lal Bahadur Shastri
Indira Gandhi
Wordsworth

Pen names of Malayalam writers

Kovilan
Omcheri
Sanjayan
Cynic
Nandanar
Thikkodian
Uroob
Vilasini
Mali
Kakkanadan

V.V. Ayyappan
N. Narayana Pillai
M.R. Nair
M. Vasudevan
P.C. Gopalan
P. Kunjananthan
P.C. Kuttikrishnan
M.K. Menon
V. Madhavan Nair
George Vargheese

Important Years in World History

776 BC
4 BC
AD 570
622
1215
1492
1688
1776
1789
1815
1848
1918
1948

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1963
1957

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First Olympiad in Greece

Birth of Jesus Christ
Birth of Prophet Mohammed
Beginning of Hijra Era
Signing of Magna Carta
Columbus discovered America
Glorious Revolution in England
American War of Independence
French Revolution
Battle of Waterloo
Publication of Communist Manifesto
First World War ended
Myanmar and Sri Lanka achieved
independence
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
First artificial satellite was launched by Russia

Reforms and Events During British Period

First Census
Communal Award
Doctrine of Lapse
Dyarchy
INA Trial
Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
Permanent Settlement
Quit India
Sepoy Mutiny
Subsidiary Alliance
Cabinet Mission

Ripon
Wellington
Dalhousie
Chelmsford
Wavell
Chelmsford
Cornwallis
Linlithgow
Canning
Wellesley
Wavell

Alternate names
Bard of Avon
Sultan of Beypore
Man of Destiny
The Birdman of India
Andhra Kesari
Lok Nayak
Father of Medicine
Lady with the Lamp
Poets Poet
Rajaji
Deenabandhu
Grand Old Man of India
Father of History
Father of Indian Industry
Father of Modern Chemistry
Father of Indian Renaissance
Banga bandhu
Tiger of the Snows
Indian Napoleon
Man of Blood and Iron
Guruji
Maid of Orleans
Father of Biology
Kerala Simham
Lokmanya
Nightingale of India

William Shakespeare
Vaikom Mohammed Basheer
Napoleon Bonaparte
SalimAli
T. Prakasam
Jayaprakash Narayan
Hippocrates
Florence Nightingale
Edmund Spenser
C. Rajagopalachari
C.F. Andrews
Dadabhai Naoroji
Herodotus
Jamshedji Tata
Joseph Priestley
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
Tenzing Norgay
Samudragupta
Bismarck
M.S. Golwalkar
Joan of Arc
Aristotle
Pazhassy Raja
Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Sarojini Naidu

Diseases and affected body parts

PNEUMONIA
MENINGITIS
ECZEMA
AIDS
GOITRE
JAUNDICE
TRACHOMA
TUBERCULOSIS
MALARIA
RHEUMATISM
DIABETES
ARTHRITIS
CATARACT
DIPHTHERIA
TYPHOID
PYORRHOEA

LUNGS
BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
SKIN
IMMUNE SYSTEM
THYROID GLAND
LIVER
EYES
LUNGS
SPLEEN
JOINTS
PANCREAS
INFLAMMATION OF JOINTS
EYES
THROAT
INTESTINE; WHOLE BODY
GUMS

Historically important places

Mount Blanc

Yellow Sea
Lumbini
Kremlin
Pearl Harbour

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Pentagon
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Pisa
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Victoria Falls
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Potala
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Monte Carlo
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Great Wall of China :

It is the highest mountain peak in Europe in the Alps on the confines of Italy and
France.
It is a sea between China and Korea
It is the birthplace of Buddha in Nepal.
It is in Moscow. It is the headquarters of Russia.
US naval base in Hawai Island. The Japanese attack of this brought them into
the second world war.
It is in Washington. It is the defence head-quarters of USA.
It is in Italy, well known for its leaning tower
It is on river Zambezi in Central Africa. It is 1,700 metres wide.
It is in Lhasa, the capital of Tibet. Dalai Lamas palace is situated here.
It is in France, famous for the luxurious resorts and world-renowned car rally.
2,400 km long wall constructed by the Chinese Emperor Shih Hwang Ti.

Important Days
April 23
May 8
May 11
June 5
September 16
September 27
October 1
October 16
October 30
December 1
December 10

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World Book Day

Red Cross Day
National Technology Day
World Environment Day
Ozone Day
World Tourism Day
Day of the Elderly
World Food Day
World Thrift Day
World AIDS Day
Human Rights Day

The first to visit India

American President
Russian Prime Minister

Eisenhower
Bulganin

British Prime Minister

British Monarch
Chinese Premier
First Pope

Harold Macmillan
King George V
Chou-En-lai
Pope John Paul VI

Geographical Epithets
Bengals Sorrow
Blue Mountains
City of Sky Scrapers
City of Seven Hills
City of Dreaming Spires
City of Palaces
City of Golden Gate
City of Magnificient Distances
Cockpit of Europe
Chinas Sorrow
Dark Continent
Emerald Island
Eternal City
Forbidden City
Garden City
Gate of Tears
Gateway of India
Gift of Nile
Granite City
Holy Land
Herring Pond
Hermit Kingdom
Island Continent
Island of Cloves
Island of Pearls
Key to the Mediterranean
Land of the Rising Sun
Land of Golden Fleece
Land of Midnight Sun
Loneliest Island
Land of Morning Calm
Land of Thousand Lakes
Land of the Thunderbolt
Land of Maple
Land of White Elephant
Land of Cakes
Never Never land
Playground of Europe
Pearl of the Antilles
Pillars of Hercules
Pearl of the Pacific
Quaker City
Queen of the Adriatic
Roof of the World

Damodar River
Nilgiri Hills
New York
Rome
Oxford
Calcutta
San Francisco
Washington
Belgium
Hwang-Ho
Africa
Ireland
Rome
Lhasa (Tibet)
Chicago
Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb
Mumbai
Egypt
Aberdeen
Palestine
Atlantic Ocean
Korea
Australia
Zanzibar
Bahrein (Persian Gulf)
Gibraltar
Japan
Australia
Norway
Tristan De Gunha (Mid Atlantic)
Korea
Finland
Bhutan
Canada
Thailand
Scotland
Vast Prairies of North Australia
Switzerland
Cuba
Straits of Gibraltar
Guyayaquil port of Equador
Philadelphia
Venice
The Pamirs, Central Asia