Académique Documents
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Light Hazard
Sprinkler system:
Types
- Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems
- Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems
- Deluge Sprinkler Systems
- Preaction Sprinkler Systems
- Combination Dry Pipe and Preaction Sprinkler Systems
Area of coverage
Light Hazard - 52000 ft2 / 4831 m2
Ordinary Hazard - 52000 ft2 / 4831 m2
Extra Hazard
a. Pipe Schedule - 25000 ft2 / 2323 m2
b. Hydraulically Calculated - 40000 ft2 / 3716 m2
c. Storage - 40000 ft2 / 3716 m2
Protection Area/Spacing (Pendent / Upright) Amax = 21 m2 (any case)
Noncombustible obstructed and
unobstructed and combustible
unobstructed
Pipe Schedule
Hydraulically Calc
Extra
Hazard (All)
Page 1 of 20
A lobby smoke detector shall be located in the ceiling within 6.4 m of the centerline of each el
under control of the detector (NFPA 72_2013, Ch. 21.3.5)
Flash rate of visible signals
- Not more than 2 Hz nor less than 1 Hz
Alarm signals initiated by manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detedtors, waterflow from auto
or actuation of other fire suppresion system(s) or equipment shall be treated as fire alarms. (N
Digital signal
Three types of signaling mode in fire alarm system
Sprinkler Color Code
Ceiling Temperature
38 oC
66 oC
107 oC
149 oC
191 oC
246 oC
329 oC
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
Temperature
Classification
Ordinary
Intermediate
High
Extra High
Very Extra High
Ultra High
Ultra High
Color Code
Uncolored or Black
White
Blue
Red
Green
Orange
Orange
codes:
10
- Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
13
- Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
14
- Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
15
- Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
20
- Standard for the Installation Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
22
- Standard for Water Tanks for Fire Protection
24
- Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains
and their Appurtenances
25
- Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
90A - Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
101 - Life Safety Code (Firestop / Fire Compartment)
204 - Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting
2001 - Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems (FM200)
H2/H1 = (N2/N1)2
Page 2 of 20
Hp2/Hp1 = (N2/N1)3
Hp2/Hp1 = (N2/N1)3
H2/H1 = (N2/N1)2
Frequency of Testing Audible and Visual (Fire Alarm Control Unit Trouble Signals) as per NFPA
- Annually
Frequency of Engine-Driven Generator as per NFPA 72
- Monthly
Frequency of Testing of Heat Detectors as per NFPA 72
- Annually
Frequency of Testing of Smoke Detectors as per NFPA 72
- Annually
Frequency of Testing Initiating Devices, Supervisory as per NFPA 72
- Annually
Page 3 of 20
N - Specific Speed
n - RPM
P - Output power, HP
H - Head of water in, ft
- defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative
NAME
Order of Magnitude
PURPOSE
Screening or Feasibility
Page 4 of 20
PROJECT DEFINATION
LEVEL
0% to 2%
Intermediate
Concept Study or
Feasibility
Class 3
Preliminary
Budget, Authorization, or
10% to 40%
Control
Class 2
Substantive
Control or Bid/Tender
30% to 70%
Class 1
Definitive
Check Estimate or
Bid/Tender
50% to 100%
1% to 15%
- is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a defi
end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), undertake
goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value.
- Is defined as a collaborative enterprise, involving research or design, that is carefully planne
particular aim.
- When two physical systems are brought into a connection that does not allow tr
between them, and does not allow transfer of energy as work between them, s
energy is transferred spontaneously between them, so that each changes state
- Two systems are said to be in the relation of thermal equilibrium if they are linke
permeable only to heat, and do not change over time.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics - states that if two separate thermodynamic systems are each in the
a third, then all three are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Molar Specific Heat of an ideal gas depends on?
- Pressure
Molar Heat Capacity
Specific HeatSubstances
CPwater
- 4.185
- Is the heat capacity per unit amount (SI unit: mole) of a pure substance and the
often simply called specific heat.
J
mol.oK
- For liquids and gases, it is important to know the pressure to which given heat-c
- The specific heat capacities of substances comprising molecules (as distinct fro
are not fixed constants and vary somewhat depending on temperature.
J
at 15oC, 101.325 kpa
g . oK
Page 5 of 20
- Operate at much higher pressure and lower flow rates than axial and mixed-flow
- Operate at higher pressures than axial-flow pumps while delivering higher disch
radial-flow pumps.
- Centrifugal / Radial-Flow / Axial-Flow / Mixed-Flow/ Eductor-Jet Pump
Q1/Q2 = N1/N2
Q1/Q2 = (D1/D2)3
H1/H2 = (N1/N2)2
H1/H2 = (D1/D2)2
HP1/HP2 = (N1/N2)3
HP1/HP2 = (D1/D2)5
Page 6 of 20
- The change in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the amount of
system, minus the amount work done by the on its surroundings.
- The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems a
thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with maximum entropy.
- The entropy of any pure substance in thermodynamic equilibrium approaches z
as the temperature approaches zero.
- A measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is
measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and
reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of t
- the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system
- 300 L/min
= 1 ft3/min
m2
ft2
= (n - 2) 180o
= (6 - 2) 180o = 720o
An ethical question, what would you do if you find out after completing the project that somet
Frequency of flashes of Fire Alarm Notification Appliances as per NFPA 72
- 1 to 2 hz
Voice Appliances
Page 7 of 20
-Utilitarianism
An ethical philosophy in which the happiness of the greatest number of people in the society is considere
Condensation of the water on a full cold water cup and relation with the dew point of the wate
the wet/dry bulb temperature of the air
Dew Point - The temperature at which the water vapor in air at constant barometric pressure condenses
rate at which it evaporates.
- A high relative humidity indicates that the dew point is closer to the current air temperatur
Dry Bulb
- The temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded fro
- The temperature that is usually thought of as air temperature, and it is the true thermodyna
- It indicates the amount of heat in the air and it is directly proportional to the mean kinetic en
Wet Bulb - The temperature of adiabatic saturation
- This is the temperature indicated by a moistened thermometer bulb exposed to the air flow.
Use of Fire Dampers
- To prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors.
= L / L
=F/A
Modulus of Elasticity
= (L2 - L1) / L1
Page 8 of 20
Total Float
- Subsequent Tasks,
- The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying th
or violating a schedule constraint.
- Project Completion Date
- The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from it
without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.
Flow in Pipe:
- Reynolds Number
- Hydraulic Diameter of the Pip
Page 9 of 20
- A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding r
Q - CFM
V - Volume of space, ft3
Page 10 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
Pipe Schedule
- 18.6 m2 / 4.6 m
Page 11 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
n 6.4 m of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank
Page 12 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
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L PRACTICE EXAM
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L PRACTICE EXAM
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L PRACTICE EXAM
Page 16 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
completing the project that something was not done as per specified?
Page 17 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
ion with the dew point of the water in the surrounding air and
Page 18 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
vity can be delayed without delaying the start date of any succesor
vity can be delayed or extended from its early start start date without
med (BCWP) and the budgeted cost of work schedule (BCWS) as a ratio
Page 19 of 20
L PRACTICE EXAM
Page 20 of 20