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MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM

How to choose fire pump and what standard is required?


- Water Supply, Suction and discharge pump, and auxiliary equipment / NFPA 20
Can you neglect the jockey pump and use two electric fire pump?
- No
What is the code used in Qatar?
- Qatar Construction Specifications (QCS)
What
Class
Class
Class

are the types of fire hose reel?


I
- 65mm hose connection for Fire Department
II
- 40mm hose connection for trained personnel and Fire Department
III
- 40mm and 65mm hose connection for trained personnel and Fire Department

Light Hazard

Sprinkler system:
Types
- Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems
- Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems
- Deluge Sprinkler Systems
- Preaction Sprinkler Systems
- Combination Dry Pipe and Preaction Sprinkler Systems
Area of coverage
Light Hazard - 52000 ft2 / 4831 m2
Ordinary Hazard - 52000 ft2 / 4831 m2
Extra Hazard
a. Pipe Schedule - 25000 ft2 / 2323 m2
b. Hydraulically Calculated - 40000 ft2 / 3716 m2
c. Storage - 40000 ft2 / 3716 m2
Protection Area/Spacing (Pendent / Upright) Amax = 21 m2 (any case)
Noncombustible obstructed and
unobstructed and combustible
unobstructed

Pipe Schedule

Hydraulically Calc

Extra
Hazard (All)

Combustible Obstructed (All)


- 15.6 m2 / 4.6 m
Combustible with members less than
- 12.1 m2 / 4.6 m
3 ft on center (All)
Ordinary Hazard (All)
- 12.1 m2 / 4.6m
Pipe Schedule
- 8.4 m2 / 3.7 m
Hydraulically Calculated
- 9.3 m2 / 3.7 m
(p >= 0.25)
Hydraulically Calculated
- 12.1 m2 / 4.6 m
(p < 0.25)
Distance below ceilings
Distance from the wall

Unobstructed - 25.4 mm to 305 mm


Obstructed - 25.4 mm to 152 mm
Maximum - 1/2 L
Minimum - 102 mm

Distance between sprinkler (A = S x L)

A - Area Covered by Sprinkler


S - Distance between Sprinklers on the branch lines
4.6 m maximum for light hazard, 3.7 m for extra ha
L - Distance between branch lines
4.6 m maximum for light hazard, 3.7 m for extra ha
Sminimum - 1.8 m

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MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


No. of Branch Lines, NB = Width of Bay / Lmax
How to test sprinkler and under what pressure
- Refer to NFPA 25, 13.8 Bar for 2 Hrs

A lobby smoke detector shall be located in the ceiling within 6.4 m of the centerline of each el
under control of the detector (NFPA 72_2013, Ch. 21.3.5)
Flash rate of visible signals
- Not more than 2 Hz nor less than 1 Hz

Time for technician or personnel to respond when alarm signals is received


- 2 hrs

Alarm signals initiated by manual fire alarm box, automatic fire detedtors, waterflow from auto
or actuation of other fire suppresion system(s) or equipment shall be treated as fire alarms. (N
Digital signal
Three types of signaling mode in fire alarm system
Sprinkler Color Code
Ceiling Temperature
38 oC
66 oC
107 oC
149 oC
191 oC
246 oC
329 oC
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA
NFPA

Temperature
Classification
Ordinary
Intermediate
High
Extra High
Very Extra High
Ultra High
Ultra High

Color Code
Uncolored or Black
White
Blue
Red
Green
Orange
Orange

Glass Bulb Color


Orange or Red
Yellow or Green
Blue
Purple
Black
Black
Black

codes:
10
- Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers
13
- Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
14
- Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
15
- Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection
20
- Standard for the Installation Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection
22
- Standard for Water Tanks for Fire Protection
24
- Standard for the Installation of Private Fire Service Mains
and their Appurtenances
25
- Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of
Water-Based Fire Protection Systems
90A - Standard for the Installation of Air-Conditioning and Ventilating Systems
101 - Life Safety Code (Firestop / Fire Compartment)
204 - Standard for Smoke and Heat Venting
2001 - Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems (FM200)

Pumps for Fire Protection Systems


Q2/Q1 = N2/N1

H2/H1 = (N2/N1)2

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Hp2/Hp1 = (N2/N1)3

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


Q2/Q1 = N2/N1
Jockey Pump
Electric Fire Pump
Diesel Pump

Hp2/Hp1 = (N2/N1)3

H2/H1 = (N2/N1)2

Cut in - 10 psi below system pressure


Cut in - 5 psi below Jockey Pump cut in
Cut in - 10 psi below Electric Fire Pump cut in

Frequency of Testing Audible and Visual (Fire Alarm Control Unit Trouble Signals) as per NFPA
- Annually
Frequency of Engine-Driven Generator as per NFPA 72
- Monthly
Frequency of Testing of Heat Detectors as per NFPA 72
- Annually
Frequency of Testing of Smoke Detectors as per NFPA 72
- Annually
Frequency of Testing Initiating Devices, Supervisory as per NFPA 72
- Annually

Frequency of Testing Mechanical, Electrosonic, or Pressure-Type Waterflow Device as per NFPA


- Semiannual
Visual Inspection of Audible and Visible Appliances
- Semiannual
Frequency of Visual Inspection of Supervisory Signal Devices as per NFPA 72
- Quarterly
Frequency of Visual inspection of Waterflow Devices as per NFPA 72
- Quarterly
Frequency of Visual inspection of Smoke Detector as per NFPA 72
- Semiannual
Frequency of Visual inspection of Heat Detectors as per NFPA 72
- Semiannual
Frequency of Visual inspection of Duct Detectors, Manual Fire Alarm Box as per NFPA 72
- Semiannual
What is a closed system
Closed System (Thermodynamics)

Isolated System (Thermodynamics)


Open System (Thermodynamics)
Closed System (Classical Mechanics)

- No mass may be transferred in or out of the system bo


always contains the same amount of matter, but heat
exchanged across the boundary of the system.
- Mass and energy remains constant within the system,
transfer takes place across the boundary.
- Matter may flow in and out of some segments of the s
- A physical system which does not exchnage any matte
and is not subject to any force whose source is extern

Page 3 of 20

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


What is the specific speed of a gas turbine
- Speed of turbine at max efficiency depends on head and flow
N = nP1/2
H5/4

N - Specific Speed
n - RPM
P - Output power, HP
H - Head of water in, ft

What is a differential gear used for?


- Allow different tires to rotate on different speeds in a curved path
- The differential gearing allows the outer drive wheel to rotate faster than the inner drive wheel during a t
This is necessary when the vehicle turns, making the wheel that is travelling around the outside of the tu
roll farther and faster than the other.
What is 1 Ton of refrigeration?
- The heat of fusion absorbed by melting 1 short ton (0.893 long ton; 0.907 t) of pure ice at 0 C (32 F) in
1 Short Ton = 2000 lbs / 907.18 kg
1 Long Ton = 2240 lbs / 1016.05 kg
1 Metric Ton = 2204.62 lbs / 1000 kg
What is smoke test used for in HVAC?
- HVAC duct leakage testing
What is a deviation from specification is called?
- Defect
Deviation from Specification
Out of Specification

- Is a planned on unplanned departure from the approved instruction


during the process or before the process.
- Should a material, product, or service fail to meet one or more of th
specifications.
- Is the result which is observed after the analysis in deviation from s
which does not comes within the specified limit.

What is risk management strategy?


- Mitigation
- Is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical app
resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events or to ma
realization of opportunities.
Risk

- defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative

What is the last estimate appears in a project?


- Bid estimate
ESTIMATE CLASS
Class 5

NAME
Order of Magnitude

PURPOSE
Screening or Feasibility

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PROJECT DEFINATION
LEVEL
0% to 2%

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


Class 4

Intermediate

Concept Study or
Feasibility

Class 3

Preliminary

Budget, Authorization, or
10% to 40%
Control

Class 2

Substantive

Control or Bid/Tender

30% to 70%

Class 1

Definitive

Check Estimate or
Bid/Tender

50% to 100%

1% to 15%

What is not a characteristics of a project?


Project

- is a temporary endeavor designed to produce a unique product, service or result with a defi
end (usually time-constrained, and often constrained by funding or deliverables), undertake
goals and objectives, typically to bring about beneficial change or added value.
- Is defined as a collaborative enterprise, involving research or design, that is carefully planne
particular aim.

A thermal equilibrium changes from on state to another state. What is it called?


- Process
Thermal Equilibrium

- When two physical systems are brought into a connection that does not allow tr
between them, and does not allow transfer of energy as work between them, s
energy is transferred spontaneously between them, so that each changes state
- Two systems are said to be in the relation of thermal equilibrium if they are linke
permeable only to heat, and do not change over time.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics - states that if two separate thermodynamic systems are each in the
a third, then all three are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
Molar Specific Heat of an ideal gas depends on?
- Pressure
Molar Heat Capacity

Specific HeatSubstances
CPwater

- 4.185

- Is the heat capacity per unit amount (SI unit: mole) of a pure substance and the
often simply called specific heat.
J
mol.oK
- For liquids and gases, it is important to know the pressure to which given heat-c

- The specific heat capacities of substances comprising molecules (as distinct fro
are not fixed constants and vary somewhat depending on temperature.
J
at 15oC, 101.325 kpa
g . oK

What is morse test is used for?


- Determining power of individual cylinder of an IC engine
Definition of fire resistance material
- Material designed to resist burning and withstand heat
If a metal is heated, what happens to its strength and ductility?
- Strength is reduced and ductility increased
If insulation of pipe is increased, what happens to conduction and convection?
- Both conduction and convection comes down

Page 5 of 20

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


Thermal Conductivity - is the property of a material to conduct heat. It is evaluated primarily in terms
for heat conduction.
- Low thermal conductivity is equivalent to high insulating capability (R-value).

Definition of Bernoulli's equation


- This states that, in a steady flow, the sum of all forms of mechanical energy in a fluid along a streamline
all points on that streamline. This requires that the sum of kinetic energy and potential energy remain co
- Derived from the principle of conservation of energy
- Derived directly from Newton's 2nd law
Definition of Buoyancy
- is an upward force exerted by a fluid that opposes the weight of an immersed object.
Definition of Equilibrium
- When all the forces that act upon an object are balanced.
Type of pump selection for high volume low head application
- Axial flow pumps
Radial Flow Pumps
Mixed-Flow Pumps
Velocity Pumps

- Operate at much higher pressure and lower flow rates than axial and mixed-flow
- Operate at higher pressures than axial-flow pumps while delivering higher disch
radial-flow pumps.
- Centrifugal / Radial-Flow / Axial-Flow / Mixed-Flow/ Eductor-Jet Pump

Q1/Q2 = N1/N2

Q1/Q2 = (D1/D2)3

H1/H2 = (N1/N2)2

H1/H2 = (D1/D2)2

HP1/HP2 = (N1/N2)3

HP1/HP2 = (D1/D2)5

What is a manometer is used for?


- Is an instrument that uses a column of liquid to measure pressure.
h = Pa - Po
gp

h - Fuid height in a liquid column


Pa - Applied pressure
Po - Reference Pressure

Sustainability development refers to


- Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations
their own needs.
- Development with minimum impact to environment, recycling and minimizing wastage.

Definition of Newtonian fluids


- An element of a flowing fluid or gas will suffer forces from the surrounding fluid, including viscous stress f
cause it to gradually deform over time.
- If the viscous stresses that arise from its flow, at every point, are proportional to the local strain rate - the
of change of its deformation over time.
Which law of thermodynamics define entropy?
- Third Law of Thermodynamics
Zeroth Law
First Law

- If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system,


they must be in thermal equiblibrium wih each other
- Because energy is conserved, the internal energy of a system changes as heat

Page 6 of 20

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


Second Law
Third Law
Entropy

- The change in the internal energy of a closed system is equal to the amount of
system, minus the amount work done by the on its surroundings.
- The entropy of an isolated system never decreases, because isolated systems a
thermodynamic equilibrium, a state with maximum entropy.
- The entropy of any pure substance in thermodynamic equilibrium approaches z
as the temperature approaches zero.
- A measure of the unavailable energy in a closed thermodynamic system that is
measure of the system's disorder, that is a property of the system's state, and
reversible change in heat in the system and inversely with the temperature of t
- the degree of disorder or uncertainty in a system

What is the ideal location of an exhibition and convention center?


-

What is Neutron Moderator used for in a Nuclear Reactor?


- Is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable
nuclear chain reaction involving uranium-235.
NFPA code reference for a Car Park Ventilation
- NFPA 88A
Car Park Ventilation

- 300 L/min

= 1 ft3/min

m2

ft2

The sum of angles of six sided polygon


- Angles

= (n - 2) 180o
= (6 - 2) 180o = 720o

Acceptable reasons for stopping a project


-

An ethical question, what would you do if you find out after completing the project that somet
Frequency of flashes of Fire Alarm Notification Appliances as per NFPA 72
- 1 to 2 hz
Voice Appliances

- 520 Hz 10% with the appropriate harmonics

Re-inforced concrete used in the building structure


Fast cooling effect of the welded point
- Increase hardness and brittleness
Excessive Low Cooling Rate

- The tensile strength and notch toughness of the weld decrease.

Pressure force direction for an emerged curved body


- Downwards
Management questions about planning
-

Page 7 of 20

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM

-Utilitarianism
An ethical philosophy in which the happiness of the greatest number of people in the society is considere

Condensation of the water on a full cold water cup and relation with the dew point of the wate
the wet/dry bulb temperature of the air

Dew Point - The temperature at which the water vapor in air at constant barometric pressure condenses
rate at which it evaporates.
- A high relative humidity indicates that the dew point is closer to the current air temperatur
Dry Bulb
- The temperature of air measured by a thermometer freely exposed to the air but shielded fro
- The temperature that is usually thought of as air temperature, and it is the true thermodyna
- It indicates the amount of heat in the air and it is directly proportional to the mean kinetic en
Wet Bulb - The temperature of adiabatic saturation
- This is the temperature indicated by a moistened thermometer bulb exposed to the air flow.
Use of Fire Dampers
- To prevent the spread of fire inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floors.

Use Combination Fire Smoke Dampers


- To prevent the spread of fire and smoke inside the ductwork through fire-resistance rated walls and floor

Use of Splitter Dampers


Use of Volume Control Dampers
-

Relation between Stress and Strain


- Relationship between the stress and strain that a particular material displays is known as that particular m
- These curves reveal many of the properties of a material (including data to establish the Modulus of Elast
Strain
Stress

= L / L
=F/A

Modulus of Elasticity

= (L2 - L1) / L1

- Is the mathematical description of an object or substance's tendency to be defo


(i.e., non-permanently) when a force is applied to it.
= Stress / Strain, Pa
Young's Modulus, E

- Describes tensile elasticity, or the tendency of an obje


opposing forces are applied along that axis
- It is defined as the ratio of tensile stress to tensile stra
- It is often referred to simply as the Elastic Modulus
Shear Modulus, G or - Modulus of Rigidity
- Describes an object's tendency to shear (the deformat
when acted upon by opposing forces.
- Defined as shear stress over shear strain
Bulk Modulus, K
- describes volumetric elasticity, or the tendency of an
when uniformly loaded in all directions.
- It is defined as volumetric stress over volumetric strai
- Is the inverse of compressibility
- The bulk modulus is an extension of Young's modulus

Page 8 of 20

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM


Decibel level for comfortable listening
Conversational Speech at 1m
Threshold of Hearing
Hearing Range

- 20 micropascals, or 0.98 pW/m2 at 1 atmosphere and 25 C, 0 dB


- 20 Hz to 20 kHz (This corresponds to sound waves in air at 20C
with wavelengths of 17 meters to 1.7 cm / 56 ft to 0.7 inch).

If a metal is heated what happens to its strength & ductility


- Strenght decrease and Ductility increase

Definition of Slack or Float


- Is the amount of time that a task in a project network can be delayed without causing a delay to Free Floa
Free Float

Total Float

- Subsequent Tasks,
- The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying th
or violating a schedule constraint.
- Project Completion Date
- The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed or extended from it
without delaying the project finish date or violating a schedule constraint.

Schedule Performance Index, SPI


- A measure of schedule efficiency express a the ratio of earned value to planned value
- measures the success of project management to complete work on time.
- measures relationship between the budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) and the budgeted cost of w
SPI = BCWP/BCWS
SPI < 1
- less work was completed than planned
SPI > 1
- more work was completed than planned

Cost Performance Index, CPI


- measure of the cost efficiency of budgeted resources
- measures relationship between the budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) and the actual work perform
CPI = BCWP/ACWP
CPI < 1
- cost overrun for work completed
CPI > 1
- cost underrun of performance to date

Critical Path Method, CPM


- A method use to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibil
paths within the schedule model.
- Is an algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities
Reynolds Number
Re
DH

Flow in Pipe:

- Reynolds Number
- Hydraulic Diameter of the Pip

Re = vDH / = vDH / = QDH / A

its characteristic travelled le

Page 9 of 20

Dynamic viscosity of the fluid


mean velocity (m/s)
Kinematic Viscosity (m2/s),
Pipe cross sectional area (m2

MECHANICAL PRACTICE EXAM

Fast Tracking in a project.


- A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done are performed in parallel f
a portion of their duration.
Crashing

- A technique used to shorten the schedule duration for the least incremental cost by adding r

Fire Tank Material


- Steel or Concrete
Ventilation for Building or Rooms
N = 60Q / Vspace

Q - CFM
V - Volume of space, ft3

Page 10 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

Pipe Schedule

- 18.6 m2 / 4.6 m

Hydraulically Calculated - 20.9 m2 / 4.6 m


- 15.6 m2 / 4.6 m
- 12.1 m2 / 4.6 m
- 8.4 m2 / 3.7 m
- 9.3 m2 / 3.7 m
- 12.1 m2 / 4.6 m

ween Sprinklers on the branch lines


mum for light hazard, 3.7 m for extra hazard

mum for light hazard, 3.7 m for extra hazard

Page 11 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

n 6.4 m of the centerline of each elevator door within the elevator bank

fire detedtors, waterflow from automatic sprinkler systems,


t shall be treated as fire alarms. (NFPA 72_2013, Ch. 26.3.8.1.2).

Page 12 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

Unit Trouble Signals) as per NFPA 72

Type Waterflow Device as per NFPA 72

e transferred in or out of the system boundaries. The system


s the same amount of matter, but heat and work can be

gy remains constant within the system, and no energy or mass

w in and out of some segments of the system boundaries


em which does not exchnage any matter on its surroundings, and
ect to any force whose source is external to the system

Page 13 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

er than the inner drive wheel during a turn.


s travelling around the outside of the turning curve

n; 0.907 t) of pure ice at 0 C (32 F) in 24 hours.

eparture from the approved instruction which is observed

or service fail to meet one or more of the applicable

ed after the analysis in deviation from specification

ed by coordinated and economical application of


impact of unfortunate events or to maximize the

bjectives, whether positive or negative

Page 14 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

e product, service or result with a defined beginning and


by funding or deliverables), undertaken to meet unique

earch or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a

nto a connection that does not allow transfer of matter


fer of energy as work between them, still it can happen that
ween them, so that each changes state.
n of thermal equilibrium if they are linked by a wall

hermodynamic systems are each in thermal equilibrium with


thermal equilibrium with each other.

unit: mole) of a pure substance and the specific heat capacity,

now the pressure to which given heat-capacity data refer

s comprising molecules (as distinct from monatomic gases)

Page 15 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

eat. It is evaluated primarily in terms of Fourier's Law


high insulating capability (R-value).

al energy in a fluid along a streamline is the same at


energy and potential energy remain constant

wer flow rates than axial and mixed-flow pumps


ow pumps while delivering higher discharges than

mising the ability of future generations to meet

ounding fluid, including viscous stress force that

proportional to the local strain rate - the rate of change

al energy of a system changes as heat flows in or out of it

Page 16 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

osed system is equal to the amount of heat supplied to the

decreases, because isolated systems alaways evolve toward

rmodynamic equilibrium approaches zero

closed thermodynamic system that is also usually considered to be a


s a property of the system's state, and that varies directly with any
and inversely with the temperature of the system.

ng them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a

completing the project that something was not done as per specified?

ch toughness of the weld decrease.

Page 17 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

er of people in the society is considered the greatest good

ion with the dew point of the water in the surrounding air and

onstant barometric pressure condenses into liquid water at the same

is closer to the current air temperature.


reely exposed to the air but shielded from radiation and moisture.
perature, and it is the true thermodynamic temperature.
ctly proportional to the mean kinetic energy of the air molecules.

rmometer bulb exposed to the air flow.

ugh fire-resistance rated walls and floors.

al displays is known as that particular material's Stress-Strain curve


g data to establish the Modulus of Elasticity, E)

ect or substance's tendency to be deformed elastically

le elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform along an axis when

the ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain


ed to simply as the Elastic Modulus.

bject's tendency to shear (the deformation of shape at constant volume)

metric elasticity, or the tendency of an object to deform in all directions

volumetric stress over volumetric strain

us is an extension of Young's modulus to three dimensions

Page 18 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

W/m2 at 1 atmosphere and 25 C, 0 dB


ponds to sound waves in air at 20C

yed without causing a delay to Free Float and Total Float.

vity can be delayed without delaying the start date of any succesor

vity can be delayed or extended from its early start start date without

med (BCWP) and the budgeted cost of work schedule (BCWS) as a ratio

med (BCWP) and the actual work performed (ACWP) as a ratio

mine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical netwrok

- Hydraulic Diameter of the Pipe;


its characteristic travelled length, L (m)
- Dynamic viscosity of the fluid (Pa-s or N-s/m2 or kg/m-s)
- Kinematic Viscosity (m2/s), = /
- Pipe cross sectional area (m2), D2/4

Page 19 of 20

L PRACTICE EXAM

rmally done are performed in parallel for at least

r the least incremental cost by adding resources.

Page 20 of 20

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