1.Whatisakaryotype?

Akaryotypeisapictureofchromosomesabouttodivide.
2.Whatarethestagesofinterphase?
G1stage,Sstage,G2stage
3.Whatarethephasesofmitosis?
Prophase,Prometaphase,Metaphase,Anaphase,and
Telophase
4.Whatisthefunctionofmitosis?
Mitosisproducesnewcellsinadevelopingembryo,fetus,and
child.Mitosisalsorepairsdamagedtissue.
5.Whatisthefunctionofmeiosis?
Themainfunctionofmeiosisispresentduringsexual
reproductionasgeneticvariationsarearesultofmeiosis.
6.Followingmitosishowdoesthechromosomenumberofthe
daughtercellscomparetotheparentcell?
Theparentanddaughtercellswillhavethesamenumberof
chromosomes.
7.Whattwogeneralgeneticconditionscanbecausedby
nondisjunction?
Trisomyandmonosomy
8.Whatare4typesofchromosomestructuralchanges?
Duplication,inversion,translocation,anddeletion
9.Whatisthedifferencebetweenahomozygousandheterozygous

genotype?
Ahomozygousgenotypehastwodominantortworecessive
alleleswhileaheterozygousgenotypewillhaveonedominant
andonerecessiveallele.
10.Ingeneticswhatsymbolisusedtoidentifyarecessiveallele?
Alowercaseletterisusedtoidentifyarecessiveallele.
11.Whatisthedifferencebetweengenotypeandphenotype?
Genotypesrefertotheallelesofanindividual.Thephenotype
isthephysicalappearancetraitassociatedwiththealleles.
12.Bothamanandawomanareheterozygousforwidow'speak
(pointinthehairline).Widow'speakisdominantoverastraight
hairline.Whatisthechance(percentage)thattheirchildwillhave
astraighthairline?
25%
13.Whatisamonohybrid?
Amonohybridisaonetraitcross.
14.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanautosomalrecessivedisorder
andanautosomaldominantdisorder?
Anautosomalrecessivedisorderinvolvestheinheritanceof
tworecessivealleleswhileanautosomaldominantdisorder
involvesonedominantallele.
15.Definepolygenicinheritance.
Polygenicinheritanceisthepassingoftraitsthataregoverned
byseveralsetsofalleles.
16.Definesexlinkedtraits.

Sexlinkedtraitsarecontrolledbygenesonthesex
chromosome.Sexchromosomesarecalledthisbecausethey
differbetweenthesexes.

17.Explainwhymaleshaveagreaterchanceofhavinghemophilia
thanfemales.Bespecific.
MaleshaveoneXchromosomewhilefemaleshavetwoX
chromosomes.ThismeansifhemophiliaappearsontheX
chromosome,themalewillautomaticallyhaveit.However,a
femalemayhaveanunaffectedallelethatcouldmaskthe
affectedallele.
18.Whattypeofgenotypewillchildrenhaveforatraitifboth
parentsarehomozygousrecessiveforit?
Thechildwillalsobehomozygousrecessive.(ex.aa)
19.Ifanoffspringshowsaphenotypethatisintermediatebetween
thephenotypesoftheparents,whatisthistypeofinheritance?
Incompletedominance
20.Whattypeofinheritanceisdemonstratedbyhumanblood
types?
Codominance
21.IfoneparentistypeABbloodtypeandtheotherparentistype
Bbloodtype,couldtheyhaveachildthatisObloodtype?
No

22.IfoneparentistypeABbloodtypeandtheotherparentistype
BbloodtypecouldtheyhaveachildthatisAbloodtype?
Yes
23.IstherearelationshipbetweentheABObloodtypeandtheRh
type,oraretheyinheritedindependently?
Inheritedindependently
24.Whatpersoniscreditedwithintroducingthegenefor
hemophiliaintotheroyalfamiliesofEurope?
QueenVictoriaofEngland
25.Whatisthegenotypicratiofromamonohybridcross?
1:2:1
UsethePunnettsquareapplicationtodeterminetheanswersfor
questions26and27inthefollowingsimplemonohybridcross.(If
youdon'tunderstandhowtofillinaPunnettsquare,youcanuse
googleforhelp.):Amanwhoishomozygousrecessivefor
attachedearlobes(ee)haschildrenwithawomanwhois
heterozygousforattached/unattachedearlobes(Ee).UseEfor
unattachedlobesandeforattachedlobes.
26.Identifytheallelesthatwouldbeenteredforthefemaleand
forthemale.
Female:Ee
Male:ee
27.Whatpercentageoftheoffspringareexpectedtoshowthe
recessivephenotype?
50%
UsethePunnettsquareapplicationtodeterminetheanswersfor

questions28,29and30forthefollowingsimplemonohybrid
cross.(Ifyoudon'tunderstandhowtofillinaPunnettsquare,you
canusegoogleforhelp.):Amanwhoisheterozygousforcleft
chinhaschildrenwithawomanwhoisalsoheterozygousforcleft
chin.UseCforthecleftchinalleleandcforthenoncleftedchin
allele.Thealleleforcleftchinisdominant.
28.Identifytheallelesforthefemaleandthemale.
Female:Cc
Male:Cc
29.Whatpercentageoftheoffspringareexpectedtoshowthe
dominantphenotype?
75%
30.Whatpercentageoftheoffspringareexpectedtohavea
heterozygousgenotype?
50%