DIGITAL CAMERA

A digital camera or digicam is a camera that encodes digital

images and videos digitally and stores them for later reproduction. Most
cameras sold today are digital, and digital cameras are incorporated into many
devices ranging from PDAs and mobile phones called camera phonesto
vehicles.
Digital and film cameras share an optical system, typically using a lens
with a variable diaphragm to focus light onto an image pickup device. The
diaphragm and shutter admit the correct amount of light to the imager, just as
with film but the image pickup device is electronic rather than chemical.
However, unlike film cameras, digital cameras can display images on a screen
immediately after being recorded, and store and delete images from memory.
Many digital cameras can also record moving videos with sound. Some digital
cameras can crop and stitch pictures and perform other elementary image
editing.

DIFFERENT TYPE OF SENSORS

1. Image Sensor
2. Light sensor
3. Infrared Sensor
4. Proximity Sensor
ACTUATOR
Lens motor

CONSTRUCTION

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF DIGITAL CAMERA

DIFFERENT PARTS OF DIGICAM

SENSORS:
IMAGE SENSORS:
There are mainly two types of image sensors used in digital camera. One is CCD and another
one is CMOS.
CCD:
It is most commonly used image sensor which is known as Charged Couple
Device An image is projected through a lens onto the capacitor array (the photoactive
region), causing each capacitor to accumulate an electric charge proportional to
the light intensity at that location. A one-dimensional array, used in line-scan cameras,
captures a single slice of the image, whereas a two-dimensional array, used in video and still
cameras, captures a two-dimensional picture corresponding to the scene projected onto the
focal plane of the sensor.
CMOS: An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an image sensor consisting of an integrated
circuit containing an array of pixel sensors, each pixel containing a photo detector and an
active amplifier. There are many types of active pixel sensors including the CMOS APS used
most commonly in cell phone cameras, web cameras, most digital pocket cameras since 2010,
and in most DSLRs. Such an image sensor is produced by a CMOS (and is hence also known
as a CMOS sensor), and has emerged as an alternative to charge-coupled device (CCD)
image sensors. The term active pixel sensor is also used to refer to the individual pixel sensor

itself, as opposed to the image sensor; in that case the image sensor is sometimes called
an active pixel sensor imager, or active-pixel image sensor.
LIGHT SENSOR:
Light sensors are mostly used in digital cameras it is use to detect the present
light light sensors are mostly used for the automatic mode in digi cam .Now a days in morden
digital cameras it is also use to detect the light and according to lightning condition it reduse
or increas the brightness of the lcd screen.
INFRARED SENSOR:
All objects with a temperature above absolute zero emit heat energy in the form of
radiation. Usually this radiation is invisible to the human eye because it radiates at infrared
wavelengths, but it can be detected by electronic devices designed for such a purpose. The
term passive in this instance refers to the fact that PIR devices do not generate or radiate any
energy for detection purposes. PIR sensors don't detect or measure "heat"; instead they detect
the infrared radiation emitted or reflected from an object.
PROXIMITY SENSOR:
Proximity sensors are the sensors use to detect the position of touch on led screen
ACTUATOR
LENS MOTOR: It is use to drive lenses or give forward or reverse motion as per the
requirement.

SR.
NO

NAME

FUNCTION

IMAGE SENSOR

It sense the light and convert the image into the Back side of lens
digital signal

LOCATION

CCD/CMOS

LIGHT SENSOR

It sense the intensity of light and convert it into In front panel of came
digital signal

INFRARED
SENSOR:

It sense the thermal radiations coming from the Sometimes co-operat

object and convert it into suitable information
or in the front panel

PROXIMITY
SENSOR:

Proximity sensors are the sensors use to detect the On back side of lcd or
position of touch on led screen

ACTUATOR

It is use to drive lenses or give forward or reverse Along with lens casin
motion as per the requirement

LENS MOTOR