DESIGN DATABASE (BAMBOO TO NANOCELLULOSE)

PROCESS
ASSUMPTIONS
SOURCE/REFERENCE
Bamboo
WAHAB, R., MUSTAFA, M.T.,
Species of bamboo:
Chipper &
SUDIN, M., MOHAMED, A.,
Gigantochloa levis
Vibrating
RAHMAN, S., SAMSI H.W. &
85.08% hemicellulose
Screen
KHALID,
I.
(2013).
33.8% cellulose
Extractives, Holocellulose, a 26.5% lignin
Cellulose, Lignin and Ash
94% water
Contents
in
Cultivated
(dry basis)
Tropical
Bamboo
No losses
Gigantochloa brang, G. levis,
G. scortechinii and G. wrayi.
Current Research Journal of
Biological
Sciences,
5(6),
266-272.
Retrieved
September 8, 2016 from
https://www.academia.edu/13
776257/Extractives_Holocellu
lose_%CE%B1Cellulose_Lignin_and_Ash_Co
ntents_in_Cultivated_Tropical
_Bamboo_Gigantochloa_bran
g_G._levis_G._scortechinii_an
d_G._wrayi
CSTR
LEUNG, A.C.W, HRAPOVIC, S.,
60oC, 16 hours
LAM, E., LIU, Y., MALE, K.B.,
10 g biomass : 1 L 1 M
MAHMOUD, K.A. & LUONG,
ammonium persulfate
J.H.T. (2011). Characteristics
Cellulose completely
and
Properties
of
converted to CNC
Carboxylated
Cellulose
Density of Ammonium
Nanocrystals Prepared from a
Persulfate (25oC):: 1.02
Novel One-Step Procedure.
g/mL
small,
7(3),
302-305.
doi:10.1002/smll.201001715

Centrifuge/
Washing

12 000 rpm; 10 minutes

Batch process

SIGMA-ALDRICH CO. LLC. (2016).

Ammonium sulfate 1 M
solution.
Retrieved
September 12, 2016 from
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/
catalog/product/sigma/50722
?lang=en&region=PH
LEUNG, A.C.W, HRAPOVIC, S.,
LAM, E., LIU, Y., MALE, K.B.,
MAHMOUD, K.A. & LUONG,
J.H.T. (2011). Characteristics
and
Properties
of
Carboxylated
Cellulose
Nanocrystals Prepared from a
Novel One-Step Procedure.

Lyophilizer

-25oC

Mixing Tank

Turbulent mixing or 30
minutes
To produce 3% CNC
suspension, 18 g of 2.0%
wt CNC s suspension in
water with 9 g glycerol
Complete removal of
water
Glycerol does not
evaporate

Oven

CSTR
(Peroxide)

CSTR
(Ammoniu
m)

Hydrogen peroxide
reacts with sodium
hydroxide producing
water and oxygen gas
Lignin, cellulose, and
sulfate remain inert
Density of Sodium
Hydroxide (25oC): 1.04
g/mL

Lignin, sulfate and

hemicellulose remain
inert
Stoichiometry: Na2HPO4
(15.778 g/L) : 1% NaOH :
stoich MgCl2 (10.589 g/L)
: NH4+ (2 g/L)
One cycle allotted for
rest

small,
7(3),
302-305.
doi:10.1002/smll.201001715
LEUNG, A.C.W, HRAPOVIC, S.,
LAM, E., LIU, Y., MALE, K.B.,
MAHMOUD, K.A. & LUONG,
J.H.T. (2011). Characteristics
and
Properties
of
Carboxylated
Cellulose
Nanocrystals Prepared from a
Novel One-Step Procedure.
small,
7(3),
302-305.
doi:10.1002/smll.201001715
DORRIS, A. & GRAY, D.G. (2012).
Gelation
of
cellulose
nanocrystal suspensions in
glycerol. Cellulose, 19, 687694.
doi:10.1007/s10570012-9679-3
DORRIS, A. & GRAY, D.G. (2012).
Gelation
of
cellulose
nanocrystal suspensions in
glycerol. Cellulose, 19, 687694.
doi:10.1007/s10570012-9679-3
GUO, T., ZHAO, Y., MA, S. & LIU,
S. (2013). Decomposition
Characteristics of Hydrogen
Peroxide in Sodium Hydroxide
Solution. Advanced Materials
Research, 610-613, 359-362.
doi:10.4028/www.scientific.n
et/AMR.610-613.359
SIGMA-ALDRICH CO. LLC. (2016).
Sodium hydroxide solution.
Retrieved
September
26,
2016
from
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/
catalog/product/fluka/319511
?lang=en&region=PH
SIGMA-ALDRICH CO. LLC. (2016).
Sodium hydroxide solution.
Retrieved
September
26,
2016
from
http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/
catalog/product/fluka/319511
?lang=en&region=PH
HITECH FLUID SYSTEMS. (n.d.).
Properties
of
Magnesium

Sedimentat
ion Tank

Ammonia transforms
back to ammonium ion at
very low pH
Density of Sodium
Hydroxide (25oC): 1.04
g/mL

AMP settles at the

bottom

Chloride Solutions. Retrieved

September 26, 2016 from
http://hitechfluid.com/downlo
ads/properties_of_magnesiu
m_chloride_solutions1.pdf
PUBCHEM.
(n.d.)
Disodium
Hydrogen
Phosphate.
Retrieved
September
27,
2016
from
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih
.gov/compound/Disodium_hy
drogen_phosphate#section=
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