NEMA-23 - Compressor and Turbines Modul

NEMA Standards Publication No.
SM 23-1991(R1997,R2002)
Steam Turbines for Mechanical Drive Service
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Published by:
National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847
Rosslyn, VA 22209
O Copyright 2002 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including
translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the international and Pan
American Copyright Conventions.
COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association
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NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER
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The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of
persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was
developed, Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement
among every person participating in the development of this document.
The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline
publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a
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compliance with any health or safety-related information in this document shall not be
attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the
statement.

NEMA SM 23
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NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991 (R1997)
Steam Tuhines for Mechanical Dive Service
Published by:
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National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite i847
Rosslyn, VA 22209
Q Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including
translation into other bnguages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne
Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan
American Copyright Conventions.

~
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STQ-NEMA
SM 23-ENGL 1991
6470247 0524297 714
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Sectkn 1
sectm2
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CiassiedbyExhaustcaiditiasis..............................
.
-N
Tiabmc ..................................
CoadensingTUrbinc ...................................
classified by Number of Stages and Coam1Valves ....................
SingleValveSingieSEagC'Iirrbint ............................
Single Vaive MuuistegeMine .............................
Multi*
sil@ stage m
i
n
e ............................
Muitivaive Muitisiage'ixine .............................
C i a s s i d b y ~ N e e d s................................
controlled (Alumtic) Exeraction Turbine .......................
NoncwtrolletiExtractiosi nlrbhw ............................
Noacontrolled Induction 'linbine ............................
CmmUed InQiCtim(Mixdnesslire) M e .....................
InductimExtractionTirrbine ..............................
SteamIIiabinecctUl~ts..................................
Turbinecasmg .......................................
SteamInletEndseCtion .................................
ExhaustEI?dstction ...................................
Irlemedia&sactiw ...................................
Steam Chest (GOV~IIKN
vahe Body) ............................
SteamRing .........................................
Nozzles ...........................................
StatiomyReveEngBladcs ................................
StationaryRevczsingCham~ ..............................
Diciphragm .........................................
sw.nlrbirbe ........................................
ImpuIseStage ......................................
ReactianStage ......................................
shaftseals .........................................
casingshaftseals .....................................
Intemagestlaftseals ..................................
BearingHousing ......................................
Bearings ...........................................
RacaiBcarings .....................................
ThnistBearings .....................................
AntitiCtianBearings ...................................
RotorAssembly .......................................
wheels@iscs) .........................................
Biades(Buckets) ........................................
Shroud .............................................
Handvalve@) .........................................
RotectiveDevice .......................................
COnmhgDevi~. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ExtemalcontrolDevice ....................................
WamingDeVice ........................................
SCOPE
REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEPlNlONS
RefaencedSEancbrrds
Definithm
CONSTRUCTION
'I)pesofSteamT

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FOREwom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
plr
sectlocr2
...................................
Sentinel W h g Valve
soleplate(s) ..........................................
Basephte .........................................
FeatmsandAccessan?es
...................................
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BasicFeaMesaQd...............................
OptiOnalFeaMesandAccessorics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
c o n t r o n e d ~ ~ a n d c o n t r o l l ?Itrrbines
e d ~ .................
Ncmwntroiled Exach Turbhes
.............................
Nonconp.olled InductiaiIlabines .............................
?IiirbineRating.........................................
power ............................................
speed ............................................
Ratedspeed .......................................
Maximum continwusspeed ..............................
N d Power end Speed and Steam Caiditions .....................
Stcamconditiaas: ......................................
MinimwnSteam(hKiibS ...............................
MaximumStcamconditions ..............................
MinimumEnergystcamccmditions ..........................
Inletsteampressure ...................................
ExhaiistSteampressUre .................................
Extraction Steam Rressiire
................................
Induction Steam Pressure ................................

Inlet Steam Tempemure ..................................
ExhaustSteamT~
perame
...............................
..............................
Extiaction SteamTemperatrae
LndpctimSteam Tempgatme
Maximum Mowable Working PressuresandTeanptmtms
DualSteamconditions
..............................
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.............................
..........................
Thermodynamic?Iienns ....................................
SteamRateS .........................................
TheOretidSteamRate .................................
ActualsteamRates ...................................
GuaranteedSteamRate .................................
VauiationsinSteamconditions
Flow Limits for an Automatic Exaaction ? M i h e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HowrjmitpforanInductionTurbine
Units of Measurement for Absolute
and Gauge Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . .
?Iiirbineconnectiais......................................
outputshaftExte~..................................
.....................................
...................................
...........................................
Steamcohus
AuxiliaryconnectionS
LlbiClUb
..................
NonpFessure?lSpeLubncation(Single stage lbbines)

oil Lulnicztred sleeve Beanngs (HarizwEalTiirbines)
G?ease or oillubricatadAntinictionBearings .....................
pressure?lslpeoilLu~
InProduction
Oilnrmpr ........................................
oilReservoir
.................
...............................
.......................................
.......................................
oilcooler ........................................
OilFdt~zs.........................................

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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L
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vibration ..........................................
Singlestagerbim ..................................
M d t i s t a g e r b ~ ...................................
clitwspeeds.L...................................
NameplateData .......................................
CONTROLS ..........................................
GoveaningSystem .......................................
SpeedGOmar .......................................
Multivariable Govexnor ...................................
CoatmlMeChanism .....................................
GOvmorconmlled WVe(S) ...............................
Servomom System .....................................
E x t e m a l C d D e v i w ..................................
Speedcbangetlype ...................................
RemoteSetPointQpe ..................................
Valve Actuating..................................
speedchanger .......................................
Speed Govaning System classification ............................
SpeedRange ........................................
Maximums@Rise ....................................
speedvariation .......................................
DeadBand ........................................
stability .........................................
Speed Regulation. Steady State ..............................
steamPressurecaritrd ....................................
PressureRegUlatingSysea~................................
PressureRegUlatw .....................................
Control MechaniSn .....................................
nessUre Controlled Wves .................................
pressurechanger ......................................
SteadyStatePxess~mRe
guuion ..............................
PressureReguiatioaiC .
............................
stability ...........................................
pressure control perfamilmce ...............................
Compensated coatrol System .................................
Electronic Governing System .................................
Basic Features ........................................
Accessones .........................................
Control Primiries .....................................
Control of inuctimor Extracoon ............................
Missing Signai Detection Featrae ............................
SensorRedundancy ...................................
piping and Instnunentation

nwisons for the Esrvin>nment
Eaclosufe
Exposwe to Nanrral Elements
Exposure to Abnonnal Ahnphedic conditioas
GeneraiRequiremeats
PltsSureandTempemmRanges
......................................
...........................................
Automatic S t a t Controls ...................................
OverSpeeaTnp
Genexal

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STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524300 039
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sectkn8
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Overspeed'LtipSystem ...................................
OverspeedScnsingD .................................
n i p speed ..........................................
nipvalve ..........................................
Combined 'Ltip and IhrottltValve .............................
overspeednipsystemsetting ...............................
FACIDRYTESTING .....................................
'Iiirbine .............................................
HydroTd ..........................................
NoLoadRUnmngTesc ...................................
SOUNDPESSUREJEVELS ................................
Gtaeral .............................................
swnd3essweLev& .....................................
soSmd~LevelMtasuremcntprocedme........................
Camction for BacLgrwnd Noise ...............................
souadResolution .......................................
Instnuneats...........................................
S d A e nd o n .......................................
PRapARATI0NFORS"TANDSTORAGE
....................
PRECTiON
BasicFeaues
UanUalTrip
S h i j l p i D g R e ......................................
~
Shipneat ............................................
W i t and Storage of Equipmeat ..............................
INSTALLAIION
In-tion
...........................................
SupervisionOfIaseallation
.......................................
...................................
...........................................
Fouudation .........................................
steam Inlet and Exhaust Piping ...............................
C i e a m n g o f ~ S t e a m P i p i n g.............................
SteamPipingSystems .....................................
I n e t i o n .........................................
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Grwting ............................................
FlushingiiSystem ......................................
OPERATONANDMAINTENANCE ............................
The Piping noblem as Applied to ?brbines
FbmsDue to Stearn Pressure
FbmsDue to Temperatwe
FarcesDue to Dead Weight
AuowaMe Fces and Moments on Sttam Turbines
DrainPiping
Iak-ofli
Fuil-FiowReii&Device
CoUptingAlignmcnt
seCtrOn9
In-tim
..........................................
operatioa ............................................
Noncondensin
' g 'hbine opetatianof aMultisragecondensia
. g'Ihrbine ..........
'I)pical SEertmg Seqaence fima Steam nirbine ........................
..........................................
Maintlmance
Intluduction
.........................................
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S T D m N E U A SU 23-ENGL 1991
SeCtknS
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UitemalWaterWashing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
steamhinty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
INQUIRYGUIDE.. .....................................
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6470247 0524303 T75

S T D * N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L
9 6470247 052430il 7 D l W
Foreword
Ilhis standard has been developed by the Steam "wbiine Section of NEMA. In its preparation
andrevision,considaationbas been given to the work of other organizations. such as the American
National Standards institute, the American Peuoleum institute, the AmericanBoiler Manufacturas
Association, and the Amencan
. SoCiety of Mechanical Engineers, striving toward the deveiopment
ofstandards,anddtishaebygiventoaii whosesiandardsmayhavebeenh~~inthepreparatian
of this publication.
nK purpose of this standard f a singie stage and multistagemechanid drive steam turbines is
to faciiitate the appiication of the.se turbines by engineers, users, aad conuactas, to promote
ecwomieS m driving rotalhg mechanical equipment, and to assist in the proper seiection and
app~ofthedifferingmechantcaldesigns of turbines.
NEMA Standards P u b l i a SM 23-1991revises and SupeISedes the NEMA StandardsPubliCation Steam Turbinesfor Me~hanicalz)rive S e M e , SM 23-1985.
User needs have been considertd throughout the development of this standard. Proposed M
recommmdedrevisions should be submitted to:
Vice Resident,Engineering Depamnent
NationalEiecaicalManufacturersAssociation
2101 L S l E a Nw,suite 300
Washnigton,DC 20037
(202)457-8400
1
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S T D - N E M A SU 23-ENGL L99L
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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL 2992
6470247 0524304 784
Section 1
REFERENCEDSTANDARDS AND DEFINITIONS
AmtriamNationolStandandsInstitute
1430Broadway
NewYork,NY 10018
S1.4-1983
s1.11-1%
Spcjficprionfor Soundikwl Meters

Spe@hations for Octave-Bad, Fractional Octaw-Band Anolog Md
DgM Fms
ANSUASME
B 16.1-1989
B16.5-1988
B1.20.1-1983
B31.1-1989
Can Iron Pipe Flanges mid Flanged Fttings,Class25,125,250anW

piPC F b g e s and Flrurged F&gs
General Purpose Pipe ThrecuFr (Inch)
PowcrPpng
J h t Ililrinnfactprors Association
25 North Broadway
-,NY
10591
The S t a d a d sf the IIqmsion Jont Matu#actmrs AssocirrtiOn (1980)

(198s Addendum).
Riuiont-An -t
deviarian in SM
caiceaoicityiodicattdbytheoatputofaprmimityprobc
whichisduetovariatiaas in the electricalcondllctivjty
magnetiCpopertiesOfthtobsavedshaftsraface.
EntrrippedEwrgy-'Ibe~whichcemainsintk
volume of steam bappad betweem the turbine and a trip

valve ur notmew Valve.
FhibleShriPt-Ashaftwhichisintendedfmapera0ioa
atspeedsgreaterthanthe firstlateral c r i h i speed.
Hmting-Te oscillationof speed or other c011PD)led
pamnmx above and below the mean vaiue. An MsEable
coaditioll.
Hydno --A
test fm leairs and mtegrity 0fthepn~smecontainingcompentsofthe turbinebypressip1pag
with water.
ntemaiWaterW~g-Aproceduremwhichsteam
having a high percentage of moisture is hjecte into the
tuhine forthepinpose of removhg water soiuble &posits
from the tirrbine blades and aozzles.
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STDmNEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 O524305 bLO

SM 23-1991
Page 2
Laterpl C r i h l Speeds-The speeds at Which the ~ITIplitude of die iaterai vibration of a machine rotar due to
shaft rotation I.each their maximum due.
Proximity Probe-A non-contacting device which
eiecronidy measures the position or displacement motion of an obsexve surface relative to the probe position.
Purge A i r 4 method of seaihg in which air (or ineat
gas) is bid into the seal ar housing to maintain a slight
positivep.essrireandthuspreventtheentranceofcoaruuninants.
ResiSEnace lkmperaure Detector (RTD)-A device

for d
g temperature in which the ewhicai resistance of tbe &vice changes with mperaiure.
Respoase The-'ib time required to m v e r to the
d y suue operatingvalue afterasudden change in bad.
Service Factor-he factor by which the maximum
power capability of a device exceeds its rated m.
SpeeiTied Conditions-Specified conditiolls are aU

customer d e f d power, speed and steam conditions at
which the turbine must operate.
Steam liirbine-A prime mover which converts the
thermal energy of steam directly into mechanical energy
of d o n .
StiffShaft-A shaft which will not be operated during
n o d circumstancesat speedsgreaterthan the nrst lareral
criticalspeed.
Therm0coupl-A &vice for Sensing temperatures in
which a pair of dissimilar conductors are pined at two
pints so that an electromotive force is developed by
thermoeiectric effects when the junctions are at merent
temperature.
NEMAStandard 130-91.
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STD*NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991
b470247 0524306 5 5 7
SM 23-1991
Page 3
Section 2
CONSTRUCTION
21 TYPES OF STEAM TURBINES
2.1.1
clsssified by Exhaust conditkns
2.1.1 .I NO"DPISING TURBINE

A noncondengng turbine is a steam turbinedesigned to
aperate with an exhaust steam pressureequal to ur greatex
tbanatmospkricpressure.
NEMA11-13-1969.
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21.12 CONDENSING TURBINE

Amturbine is a sream Wine designed to
operatewithanexhauststeampressurebelowamia6p~c
P=-=
NEMA SIPndard 6-21-1979.
2.1.3.3 NO"TR0LLED N
ITuRBWE
A I1oI1contTdled mduction turbine is a steam Mbine
whichhas an opening(s) in the airbinecasingfainductioa
of steam but which does not have means for CQltlDUiilie
the pressureof the inducted steam.
NEMA S W d d 11-14-1W.
NEMAStandard 1-30-91. 2.1 6 4
2 1 2 CWslfedbyNunberofStegesand
Clwvahrea
STAGE TURBINE
2.1 2.1 SINGLE VALVE -LE
A singie valve single stage turbine is a steam airbine
which has one govmor conmiled valve and one stage.
NEMA-
6-21-1979.
2.1 2.2 SINGLEVALVEMULTISTAGE

TURBINE
A single valve multistage turbine is a steam trirbine
which has one govmorconaoued valve and two or more
stagts,
NEMASEendard 6-21-1979.
2.1 9.3 MULTIVALVE

SINGLE STAGE TURBINE
A mdtidve Agie stage turbine, is a steam turbine
wbich has two or m a t governorcontmkdvaives and one
stage.
NEMA spnd9id 6-21-1979.
2.1 9.4 YULTIVALVE

MuLTWTAOETURBPIE
Amuitivaive muitistageturbine is asteamuxbine which
has two ar more governar Caimlled valves and two OT
-stages-
NEMAStandard6-21-1979.
215 C ~ b y P F o c e s S N e e b s
2.1 3.1
2.1 3.2 N O " T R 0 U D EXTRACTlN TURBYSE

A nonconmiied exnaction turbine is a steam trrranC
which has an opening(s) in the turbine casing for thc
extraction of steam but which does not have means f
a
cantrollingthe presswe of the extracted steam.
D ( A W W A C ) EXTRACTION
TURBINE
A controlled (automatic) extraction turbine is a steam

turbme which has an opening(s) in the turbme casing for
the extraction of steam and which is provided with means
far directly reguiacing the flow of steam to the turbine
stages following the extraction opening for the purpose of
mmiiingextraction pressure.
D INWCTION
(m
PRESSURE) m
B
W
E
A controlled induction (mixed pressiire) turbine is a
steam turbine which is povided with sepirate inlccs far
steam at two pressures and has an automatic device f a
conb.olling the flow of steam to the turbine stages following the induction opening.
NEMA stendprd 6-21-1979.
2.1.3.5 INDUCTION EXTRACT" TURBINE
An induction exmtion Mbinc is one which combincs
the fatum of extraction (controlled ar nanconmikd)
with the featuresof induction.
NEMA standerd 6-21-19B.
2.2 STEAM TURBINE COMPNENTS
2 2 1 nirblnecaslng
A turine casing is the e n c l o m which sumomis tbc
rotating element of the turbine and supports the s t a t i m
steamparts.CasingsshallbeaxiallysplitJadiauysplifa
a combination thereof.
he turbine casing W be divideaintotwourmon
sections as follows:
NEMA Standard 6-21-19B.
2.2.1.1 STEAM INLR ENDSECTION
The steam inletend section is that portion of the riffpinn
which containsthe higher pressure steam.
NEMAStandard 6-21-197W.
2.2.1.2 EXHAUST ENDSECTION
The exhaust end section is that partion of the cssing
which contains the exhaust connection and the steam at
exhaust conditions.It sha also contain the low pressnn
stage(s) of a multistage turbine.
NEMA Standard 6-12-1979.
NEMAStandaid 6-21-1979.

H 6470247 0524307 493
SM 23-1991
page4
2.2.8.1.1 Aptsure impulse ur Rateau stage coLIsi8t8 d

smionmy expnshx~nozze(s) and one row of rotatiag
bkides.
2.2.8.1.2 A velocity-compoanded impuise or Curtis
stageconsistsofstationaryexpansionnozzle(s)Imdtwoa
more rows of rotating blades.
2.2.8.13 A v e l o c i t y ~ p u n i d e d i m p u i s e ~ ~ s i a g e
umsists of Srationary expansion nozzie(s), am?IOW at
rotatiogbladesandoneormorereversingchambas.
TbepressmdropacrossaRateanstageisreiativelybw
inwmpoaisontothepssmdmpacmsaCmtis~.
Authorized E n g W n g l t l h n a h6-21-1070.
2.2.8.2 R ~ C T I OSTAGE
N
A reaction stage consists of stationary expanSion
nozzie(s)discharginghighvelocitysteamjetsaitherotat-
ingblades.Apressuredropoccursinboththesiatioaary
and rotatingelements.
NEMAStandard-21-107B.
2.28.1 CASING SHAFT SEALS

Casingshaftsealsminimizetheleakageofsteamoutof
uie casing dong tbe shaft.
For condensing turbines, seals are arranged to jxemt
rhe entnuiceof airinto the casingdong the ShaR *yare
aaraaged fur the admifipimi of steam at a canstant low
pressmcand low mperalme.
INTERSTAQE SHAFT SEALS
Interstage shaft seals minimize the leakage of steam

h g the shaft between stages m amuitisfage m r b h
NEMAStandaid6-21-1979.
2.2.10 Beerlngtlouslng
Abearing housing Coataias andsupputs abeariagfs)
andisequippedwithseaistopreventlccageofdaodttie
entnince of m o h , dust,and foreign matmi&.
NEMA-
6-21-1970.
2.2.11 mtln(Y
2.2.11.1 RADIAL BURINOS
RaclialbearingsarebearingsWhich s u p p a r t t b e ~
elementinhorimtalshaftbirbines.Iheyareofihtsl~~,
tilting pord mantifriction type. In verticat tmbrnes,these
bearings tnri;sllv positiOn the mtar assembly.
NEMAStandrurl6-21-1970.
2.2.11 9 T H R W BEARINGS
Thrust bearings rn m g s which trammitthe axid

thrust of the rotatllig dement to the beaping bousmg and
maintain the axial position of the mux assenibly m the

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
229 shaftseals
STD-NEMA
SM Z3-ENGL
I99L
W b470247 0524308 32T
m
SM 23-1991
Page 5
casing. They m of the antifrictm, laad, ar scgmeniai

tutuigpadtypt.
NEMASWdaid6-21-1939.
2.2.113 ANTFRICTION BURIN08
2.2.18 ConadllngDeVice
Acoatrolliagdevice is OM which manidly
icaliy initiates action of a system which caaerols a(MnB1
apaationofthetiirame.
NEMA-
11-13-1968.
Antiictim bearings stmuid have a minimum rating life

of3 yearsa25 o0Ohoursw h e n a p e r a t e d ~ ~ a t 2219 ExtemalcontrdDwlce
maxgnumtblUStdradislloadsaodat~speed.
An extanal control devi is an element which is EAuthorized Engheeiing Inkrmillion 6-21-1979.
sponsive
to signais other than turbine spaad, ie., flow,
The rating life is tbe number of houisatcunstant speed
presswe,
-,and
soforth,dacis toconirol the
tbat9perctntofagroupofidcnticalbearhgswiiiopcratc
fbw
o
f
steam
t
o
the
turbiDe.
shalt be pnemwidY*
befcxe the fitaevie-nce of fatigue devebps.
mecbanidy, hydraulically.or electricany actuated fiom
kthomed E n g i i n g Inbnnaakn 6-21-1979.
the signal sollfcc to position the governor vaive@). (Ref2.2.12 RotorA88etnbly
mm Section 3.1.6.)
NEMAStandard 6-21-19'19.
"be r ~ oassembly
t
is the rotlltingelemnt of the turbine
whichinclubesaipartsattachedtotheshaft,excludiugthc
caipling(S) unless coupling is integral Witb the shaft.
NEMA-
621-1979.
2.2.13 W h 0 d s m )
wheels arediscs which are inmgrai witb,orxcdto, the
~ieshaftandoawhichbladesaremounted,orinwwhich
bladesorbuclrmsaremachined.
NEMA-
6-21-1979.
2220 WamlngDeVlce
A warning de*
is one which,by visile or auiblc
means, or both, indicates that an abnomai apefatingumditionexiscs,
2.2.21 Sentlnel Wamlng Valve

A sentiael waming valve is a pressure warning device
whichopenswhaithesteampressurerisestoapredetermined1eveLThedeVicesha dischge tothe atmosphere
andshallbesolocatedasto be plainly visible&
For condcaskig tl&K%% it shall be set at 5 psig 135
kFa(gauge)]. For noocondensing m
n
ie
s the minimm
seing shall beeither 10 percent or 10psi (OLpa) above
maximnm exhaust steam pftssuR, Whichever is greater.
NEMA standard 6-21-1979.
A sentinci warning vaive is not recoaimended for the
following applications:
a i n e s which utmd volatile gase^
locatiais where the discbarge of steam to the am+
2.2.16 H a n d W 0 ( S )
A hand vaive@) is the valve which isalates steam flow
to a gmup afnozzle(s) to pennit e&cient apetriton at
redmtdpowerawithdualsteamconditionsHaudvalvalves
can be either manuaily condied or arbomated and are
used on singie valve turines oniy.
NEMA SiaKliUd6-21-1979.
2217 PmtecthreDeVice
Apotective device is one which, alone oras p?* Qf a
sy9iem,respondsinsomepredetemiinedmannerto,~sormalconditionsaoendllig theopewtion ofthe unitorsystem towhichit is connected.
NEMA Standard6-21-1979.
sphaeisobjcctionable,hamdousorpmhibkdbyhw
- Mbineswhicbareanangedforauiomaticworunatmdedstart-up
hir these applicaliom, an alteniate wanimg device

optionaitrip device is iecommended.
Authorued Enginwing Information 1-91.
2.222 s o w w s )
A soleplate(s) is a machined fiat steel piate(s) or casting(~)for mounting of the equipment supports and far
biting and grouting to the foundatiar.
NEMAStandard 11-13-1689.
2.223 mapiate
Abaseplate is a fabricated of cast continuwsstructure
havingmachinedpads for mountingof the equipment and
for bolting and grouting to the foundation.
NEMASQndard 11-13-lQ69.

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D -NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL
2.3 FEATURESANDACCESSORIES
m 6470247 05243q 266
9. Insulation for the high tempemm section of tht

Wine to limit exposed siirfaoe temperatme to
16pF (74OC) or other tempemture specified by the
.-P
10. Steampresswegaugestoindi~inletsteam,~
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ring, nrststage,dexhauststenimpressure.
11. Coupling between the turine and driven machine
(normaiiy fumhhed by the m8nufacturea of the
dnven equipment).
12. coiipling guard SuppOIted frwi tbe baseglate oc
adjacent bealing housmg(s). Tbe couplmg guard
shouldbecasilyremovableandbe~ientlyrigid
to withsiand deflection and plevent rubbing as a
resuuofnamalt!odilycaitsctbypersonnel.Wbco
continuauslylubaicatedcouplragsare~the
coupiing guard housing should be fitted so that
oil leaks will bepmted.
13. GlandleakageevacUatingappIiratuswhendiegland
casngdesignrequiresitsuse.
14. Tachometer of the vibaatuig mai, machanical,
a r
e~type;iodicatiagspeedsfroniabovethcip
speed to M o w the minimum aperatiag speed. Thchometers shall be suitale for the specifmed eavi-
Ionment.
15. Supemhry instniments to monitor such as vibration, axial shaft movement,tempemtms, etc.
16. Shaftgroundingdevicetocarrytogromdanysatic
charge which might be developed on the hirane
romandwhichmayotherwisebuildtoLevelswhich
ddamageturbhcbearings.
17. Rotor turning gear togeUier with driving maus,
engagement and isengagementfeaiures, and lube
oil pressure interlocks to permit slow turning of the
mtorsystemonstatt-upandsbutdown.
..
18. AlbusSm trip valve which provides a means far

quick and positive shutof of admjssion stcam f a
emegencY tnppuig.
19. Nonretuni valve(s) for blocking ihe revme flow of
steamfkom~intotheturbmethrough~
orextractioaopenings.
20. Redmiantoverspeedtrip.
21. Exhaustreliefvalveornrptriredisctopre~over
piessrning of the exhaust end section (see Sectim
8.7).
22. Vacuumbreakertoadmitairiatotheexhau9tam
nections d a condensing turbiue in cmk to reduce
coastdowntime.
Additbd items may be availsble.
Authorized E n g i i t q ~
infamaiion 1-1.
2 s ControlledEXttadknandmled
krdudknmrblnes
Conwlle exmaion, ccmtrolled indoction, and ummlled induction exmction turb8nes &ail include basic

SM 23-1991
page 7
features W i n items 1 thrwgh 6ofU.1, together Witti

those lisied in 23.3.1 through 23.3.4.
242 speed
2.4.2.1 RATED SPW
Ratcdspeedisthespeedcanesponduig
*
toratedpowa.
It is measiaed at the output shaft of the turbw, is expressed in rievdutioas per minute, and is quai to M less
than m8ximm~ u o u speed.
s
NEMA standprd 6-21-1979.
2.33.1 Controlled extraction turbhm shall bave apre+

8utt regdath8 SySteB for mtroiiing mt p s s m of the
extracted ste9m by regulaiing the fbwof steam to the
turbine stages fallowing the extracth opening(s). Anonreturn valve br the extraction apallng(s), which is also
actpated by the ovaspetd tip system. is nquind far
installationintheexoactimsteamline(s).
2.4.2.2 W u u Com~uous
SPEED
Maxm
i um conhinuous speed is the highest specifiad
speed at whicb a turbine can be operatcd continwusly
pwidedproperovaspeed~goverwr- a r e
2.3.3.2 controlled mduction turbines Shan imve apesme regdating sysrem for cantrolling tticpm5urcof the
imjucth steam toregulate t h e b w ofsteam tothe turbine
iastalledand operatianal.
NEMA-
621-1979.
2 ~ 3NomralPower,SpeedandSteam
corabns
190-1991.
hJpower,
and
cooditionsaretbost
caiditionsfwadmd~aadatwbichrhesteam
ratcwillbeguafan~
233.3 Dependmg on the source of induction steam, the

usashould consider the need for a steam ssainer in t i i s
h e to protect the loweapressure stages of me turbine.
NEMA-
AumaiEed Engineering Infornietion 11-14-1985.
6-21-1979.
U A S~Conditlons
2.3.3.4
Controlled extraction turbines and controlledinduction turbines shall have a multivariablemiml system
which provibes interconnectiOn
die pressiut rCguiatingsystemaadthespeedgovemingsystem.
2.4.4.1 WNuW STW C t d m

Mn
im
i um steam ~ t i ~ a thelowest
r e
inlet stcam
pressure and tempemm and lowestexhaustprcssm to
which theturbineissubjectedincontinuwSopaatiOa.
NEMA stadard 6-21-1979.
2.335 conarouedinductim ~rtractioatrabinesshall inchdethecombinationofthefcxegoingitems.

NEMA-
NEMA-
stagesfoiowingthein&ctionopening.Atripvaivewbi&
isalsoactuatedby theoverspeedmpsystemisnquired
fnrinstallaaon
. intheinductionsttamk.
2.4.4.2 M A # ~ ~ ~ ~ T E A ~ ~ ~ N ~ T K I N ~
Maximum steam CDnditiOIls am thehighest inlet steam
pitssrrre and imperature and exhausspIesllm to Whicb
the tiirbmeis subjectedincaltinuousopaation.
11-14-1085.
23A ~ ~ E x t r a c t b n T i a M n e r
Nonccmmiiedextnictionturbinessballincludetbbasc
NEMA-
621-1979.
feaaacsiistedinitemsl througIi60f2~.1,togctfrtr~ith
mwisecmnvatve(s)far theextractionopening(s). 'he quan2.4.4.3 Wuuu E N m v Smw
tity and lomion of nomearni valves are tobedetermhl
MniInm~geamconditi.Mlsiuetbe~inltt
bythetrirbincman~basedonentrappedaiergy
steam presswe and t e m m and the highest CxImust
~redimdaacypolicy.
pmsm at which the turbine is requucd to produ a
NEMAStandard 130-1991.
specinedpower~speed
2.3.5 N ~ l l e d k i $ u k n n i i b l I l @ S
2.4.4.4 hLET STEAM PRESSRE
NoaiconmIIedinduction turbines sha inchidethe basic
uiietsteampressiireis the pressureof the steam supplied
feahaeslistBdinitnS1 tl1rough6of23.1,togetheswirb
t o t k tUrbii.Jtis mwredat the $tcf3minlet conncctim
a trip vaive@)for the induction opening(s).
of the airbine and is e x m a s a gauge piessure.
NEMA-
11-14-1985.
2.4 TURBINE RATING

2A.i
2.4A.5 EXHAUST STEAM PRESSURE

Exhaust steam pressure is the pressure of the steam
system to which the turbine exhausts. It is measured at the
exhaust connection of the turbine and is expressed as a
Power
Rated power is the maximum specifiedpower output of

the~ine.Itismeasuredattheoutpitshaftofthearrbine.
gauge pressure far- n

'
airbineSandasanabsolute pressrrre for condensing tuhines.
NEMA Standard 6-21-1979.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 D b470247 0524311 9L4
2.4.4.6 ExtRAcT#))JSTEAM PRESSURE

Extraction steam pmsm is the pressine of the steam
extractedfrom the turbine. it is measuredat theextraction
wnnecticm of the turbine, and is expressedas a gauge
P===
NEMA-6-21-1979.
2.4.4.7 hwCnON STEAM PRESSURE

Inductionsteam~isthepIessureofthesecoadary
steam supplied to the Wine.it is measureatthe inductionconnectian of thetrirbineandis expressedasagauge
p#rsiae.
NEMASEandaid6-21-1979.
2.4.4.13 DUAL Srrrun CNMl"S

Dual steam conditiansare two ofmmcombin8tons of
iniet steam pressme, inlet steam tempenitine, or exhaust
-pressure.
2.4.4.14 VARIAl"S IN STEAM CCXJITlONS

The Iatng, capability, steam flow, speed re-,
and
pressme control shall be basedon operation at maximum
stcam unutions as defined m 2.4.42.
Steam Mbiaes shall be capable of operating under the
followingvariatioasininletpressureandm~but
p e ? f ~ s h a l l n o t n e c e s s a r* yi lbem accardance with
thestandaadsestab~foroperatmgatmaximumsteam
2.4.4.8 INLET STEAM TEMPERATURE

conditions.continuousopetatiaiatotherthanmaximum
Inlet steam tempeniture is the total teInof the
steam conditioI1s sha require review by the turbiw mansteam supplied to the turbine. It is nreasiiredat thesteam
ufacturer.
inletcmnectionoftheturbineandisex~inde~
Fatireobeit~indegrces
CeW.
2.4.4.14.1 VARUTKJNS FROU hhXUuUINLET STEAM
2.4.4.9 EXHAUST STEAM TEMPERATURE

luhapststeam temperameis the totai t e m m of the
steam cxhartpted from the tinrbine. It is r n d at the
cxhailst CoMectiOn of the tuxbine and is expresd m
degrees Fahrenheit or in degrees Celsius.
NEMAStanderd6-21-1979.
2.4.4.10 WRACl" STEAM TEMPERATURE

Exaaction steam temperatureisthetotalteInperatureof
the steam extracte from the turbine. It is measuredat the
exixmirn connection of the tintiineandis eJtpressedin
egreesFahrenheit or m degrees Celsius.
NEMASEendaid6-21-1979.
244.11 1NDUCTK))II STEAM TENPERATURE

Uiductioosteamtempenimreisthetotalm~of
t h e ~ s t e a l n ~ W t o t Itislmasmtd
h e ~
at the iiiductionconnectimof die turbine and is expressed
in deFahrenheitorin
Celsius.
PRESSURE
The turbine shali be capable of operating without damageat less than the guaranteedsteam flow tothe Mbine
with average Wet pressure of 105 percent of maximum
idet steam pressure. (This pemisible variation recognizesthe~inpressurewith~insteamflOW
encountered in operahion.)
The inlet steam pxsure shall average not more than
maximum pressiire over any 12 month opedug period,
Theinlttsteamprwsureshailnotexceed110perccmd
maximumpressurein maintainingtheseaverages,e;xcept
during a b d COilClitioI1S.
During abmnmal cosiditim,the steam paessare at the
tiirbineinletconnection
- shallbepermitredtoexdmaxh u m pressure briefly by as much as 2pesent, buthe
aggre@e drnation of such swings beyond 1M percent of
maximumpssure shallnotexceed 12hwrsper 12mondi
operatingpenod.
NEMA-
NEMASEandaid-21-1979.
6-21-19m.
2.4.4.14.2 VARIATIONS FROU WXiNUM INLET STHM

mPERAlURE
Theinietsteamtempeniturestaveragenotmorethan
maximum tempexatme over any 12 month operatmg pe
riod.
In maintaining this average, the tempemm shall not
exceedmaximum tempemureby nme than 1fl(8oc)
exceptduringabnnmalcoaditions.Duringabaonnalcooditions, the tempcratiae shall not exceed maximum ternperature by m m dian m ( 1 4 O c ) fwojmathgperiods
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL L77L
H 6470247 0524312 850
SM 23-1991
page9
h2-theenthalpyofsteamatwrhaustsLeam
paeasiiredinitialenaopy.
NEMA s&idard -21-197Q.
2.5.1.2 AcniAL STEAM RA26.1.2.1 TURBINE
-TE
rbinesmunrateisthequaatityofrmctsteamnqairad
by the tlirbioe per miit of power outpit, lneasmdattbt
ouiputshaftofthe tmbme. Itisd
y-e
inpounds
ofsteamperhorstpower-hour(orinkilogremsasteem
pa kilowatt-hour).
2.51 -2.2 TURBINE GEARSTEAM WlE

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Whenagearisprovidedytheturbineman~,tht
turbine gear steam rate is the quantity of inlet weam
required by the turbine gear set per unit of power outpiit,
measured at the output shaft of the! gear. It is &y
STDeNEMA SM 23-ENGL 3993
M b470247 0524333 797
SM 23-1991
Page 10
eqxessed mpoundsof steam pet harsepower-hour (or in
kil~0fsteampexkilowa#-hour.
intenial taper threads conforming to ANSI/ASME

B 1.20.1-1983.
NEMAStandard 11-14-1@8!5.
NEMAStendard-21-1979.
2.5.1.3 GUARANTEED STEAM RATE'

Theguarauteed steam rate is thesteam rate which will
not be exceeded When the turbine isoperaredat w)rmal
power, speed. and steam condkions.
NEMAStenderd6-21-1979.
2.6 TURM"CO"ECTK)NS
N E M A W 11-14-1985.
2.6.1 2 When a tapered shaft extension with keyway(s)

is specied,the taper, wupiing hub, andmupiingnut sha
be in accardancewirb Figure 2-1. NEMA taper diameteSS
areavailablefarshaflextenshsfrwi2 inches m 5 inches.
11-14-1985.
2.6.1.3 if cyhdrical shaft Cxtension is specfied, it is

ncommendedthat the cwpling-to-shaftfit be an inmfer-
ence fit
11-14-1985.
26.1.4 When a hydraulic fit coupling is specified,the

mountiug method should be reviewed with the turbine
lnallllfimmr.
11-14-1086.
ste(leWW)
2.7.1.1
OIL LUBRlCATESLEEVE BWNS

(tiomzomL~~meB)
a LU~~WOII
Should be prended by oil l h ~Similar means.
b. Beating housings should be large enough to peanit
solidsor water m d e to the bottarn and should
haw a dtain connection at the lowest point, oil fiil
fittings, and an oil level indicam.
g
ne^C. . F ~ i l i h f o r c d i nshouldbeprovided~hcn
essary to assure the proper oil temperahrre. nie
cooling water should be supplied at a temperame
not exceeding 90%(32Oc).
2.7.1.2
GREASE
OR OIL LLJBUCAE A N i F H C "
BEAWNGS
Gmse-lubricated autifriction bearings should be

regreaseable ~die
IIkid. Grease fittings should extendtotheoutsideoftheniachiaetopermitregreasingduringopemion.
Means should be provided far venting grease lutNicated bearings to pment the buildup of pnssure
within the housing.
Facitiesforcoolingshouldbeprovidedwbennecessary to assure the proper lubricant tempemme.
The cooling water shouid be suppiied at a temperature not exceeding 909: (32Oc).
2.6.1.5 Recommended use of one and two keys and

keyways is as shown in Tbble 2-1.
Authid Enginwring Intomiobon
*
11-14-1986.
SteamComecUons
'Iiirbmeflangedsteam Connections shallbe facedand
drilled for bolting to flanges which arem accordancewith
ANSUASME B16.1 or B16.5.
CastiNnlflaagecOM~nsshallbeflatfaced
The thicknessof cast iron exhaust flanged connections
under 1 0 m c h e s ( 2 s o m m ) i n d ~ b e n o t l e s s m
Class 25 of ANSUASME B 16.1.
Singie vaive single stage hariuwallYsplitcasinganbines shall have steam cannectionsm the bwexhaifdthe
trnbiae.
connections for making up topipenot0ver2
inches in diametex (So m m nominal diamtter) shall have
NipressueTypekibrcation(Singie
2.7.1
2&2
27.2
Pressum tLpe Oil Lubrlcatii
2.7.2.1 ~ O D U C T I N
It is recognized that there is awidevariation in turbine
Szesandapplicaths which makes it impracticai to have
one recommended lubrication systcm ckign. However,
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
fat
casingandsteamchest,casingsealingglandsandbeariqg
h~~,cooling~,valve~l~~,and~fforih
2.7 LUBRICATKIN
26.1.1 Omput shaft cxtensionS shall be Spatable for a

cyimdrical coupling bore and provided with a keyway(&
tapaed ooupling bom with a keyway(s), tapered for a
hydraulic ft, or ntted with an hie!@coupling hub.
NEMA-
AuxiliarycotlIlectiomthataredireadedshallconf~to
e
ANSVASME B120.1-1983. W y , these are a d

ring prtssure gauge
- , drain CoNEMA-
u 1 o u t p u t s h a f f ~
NEMA-
ArorlllaryConneUtons
26.3

STD.NEMA
SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 H 6470247 0 5 2 4 3 1 4 623
SM 23-1991
Page 11
the foilowingdiouidservewagenaal design guide tothe

oeafur~hisraquirements.
total cooling loadandshouidbearrangedandventedf?

maintaining eitha cooler with the Wire in ojmation.
27292
2.7.2.5
OILPWPS
OIL FILTER(S)
Single or twin oil tilters may be used. Afiltafs) shoptd

272.2.1 A main oil pump drive^ from the turbine shaft
be capable of nmving panicles iarger than 25 micmns.
ar a seperately driven pump to provi& oil for lubrication
When the film is clean, the pmsurc drop sbould not
aadgovemingshouldbepm4de.d.
exceed5 Pgi (35 kPa)atdesign t a n m a a d flow. Tiviu
flters should be piped in paraiicl witha confkw
272.2.2 Anauxiliaryoilpumpforuseduringthcstarttransfervalve to permit the transfa of oil fiom 011c filta
u p ? s h p t - Q w n p e M d s h w l d b e ~ w h e n r e q ~ t o t h e o c h a w i t b u' tg~the oil flow. Each nUa
by bic design ? whan qecihd. niiS pump should be
should be sized fm the total oil flow end sbaild bc Upowaedbyadiffemismceofeaagythanthemainoil
ranged aad vented for lminmining uthu filtawirh tbe
pimp.AprrssurtsensingdeviceshouMbeprovidedfcx
tiirbineinoperation.Acommontrsasfavalvemaybt~
aptomatically sfming the ruailiary oil pump when the oil
fortheoilflteIsaQdcoolas.m?l~cartridgeshouldbe
pmsmeintbcmainsystemdmpsbebwapredetermined
camsion nesisauu. Filter cases should be suitable for
valm
opaationatapressurenotlesstbanthcreiidvahn~
For a Mbinedriven auxiliary oil pump, the turbine
oftbepmitivedispiacementoilpumpsoratthemaximum
8bOdd d m to all of the @pli*
pvisim of diese
shut offdischarge pressiire of cenhifugal oil pump.
sltmd&L
2.7.2.6 RPNAND INSTRWEWTAT"
272.3 OILRESERVOIR
A samate ail ~ ~ S U V O ~should
T
have
2.7.2.6.1 Pressure sensitive devices sboahl be prwidad

forea&prtssurclevel(forwrampie,oiih&tokarings,
discharge 6rom oil pumps, befase and afta flta(s) and
c ~ n h oil).
~ l Means should be pwidad fm BII ai-liee
main~asappropriaie.
c.
Authorired Engineering Inforniafion ll-lClOBs.
2.7.2.6.2 if bearing mctal thenwconples ot #Il)s arc

not pvic, tben thamometers should be povidad for
oilwtlet fromcachbesring housing.Tbemiametasmay
be provi&dbefore and after oil d e r @ ) . Thermowells
should b e p v i d d in the piping f a t h e m ofthCr-
d
t.
f.
m e t e r repiacemaitwhile oniine.Tbenmweiasshouki
begaSfilledOrcrnrosion-resistantbimetalliCtypc.
AuthorioedEngineeringIn-
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.7204 oLcoolar(s)
The oii coola should be capable of maimhhg the
empuame oftbc oil supplied to the bcaringsatamaximimi d 120F (49oc), with a maximum woling water
tmrpaaaarcmx excealhg 90F (32OC). It should have a
f w l i n g f C ~ o f O .on
~ lthe wataside fopcoaliag towel
water an afouling faaor asncommendcdby the manu-
2.7.2.6.3 An oil sight flow indicatm wbui spccifia

shouldbe provided m the oil return from each caring
housing where thedesign permis
Authofbd Engineering Infotmatm 11-14-1985.
nicMafarothtrcoolingwate?sources.'Ibemo~sbould
be suitable fora working pressmeof notkss than 75 psig
[517 kPa (gauge)] m the w w side.
Singkartwin~kmmaybeused.Eechcoolershould
be capable of operatioa at a pressure quai to or peat ter
tima the nlief valve setting of positive displacement oil
pumps or ofth maxllnum shutoff dischargepressiae of
ca~trifugaloil pumps. M coolets should be piped in
paraciwith acontintmusflow transfervalve topert., ,ithe
traas6er of oil from one cooler to the ocher without interrupting the oil flow. Each cooler should be sized for the
11-14-1985.
2.7.2.6.4 A pressiire regulam or relief vaive should be

providedto maintain the oil pressure level(s).
A u t h o n z e d E n g t n e a r i n*g I ~
11-14-10Bti.
2.7.2.6.5 Afterfabricafim,pipingshauldbecleanedd
passivated by mechanical an4or chemical means.
Authomed EngVieering I n h i i o n 6-21-1879,
2.8 PROVISIONS FOR THE ENVIRONhENT
Encksure
Steam turbines shoud pfembly be installed in enciosedareas.Thee?Fe!&tsofundseMceconditi~may
2.8.1

b470247 0524335 5bT
SM 23-1991
Paga 12
be mi@ted by the use of one or moxe of the measmes

bescribed in 2.82 and 2.83.
Authobd Engineefing Infonnetkn 11-14-1985.
2m E x p o r i u r e t o N a i f a l ~
in general, d exposed surfaces should be potected
againstrusting by apaotectivecoatiagor paint after instalhion of the unit. Enposed workiqg parts which affect
aperation d the unit such as govexnor, govexnor inkage,
fuiuum pomts, Valve stems.and imilw elements should
b e ~ a g a i a s t ~ g i s t u i g the
b yuseof comwionresistantmatenalS.
Equipment having nonpressure lubricated bearings
sbouldbedcsignedtopvcnthetnaruiceof
dust, and fmign mamiais to the governing s
y x
bearinghai9ngs.
EqpipntnthaMig~l&iCaboihydrauEicgovaning systans,or both, shouldbepruwtedasbilowx
2.82.1 The lULnisystem 09 goveanar system, 09

both, should be protected againstthe entrance of water or
foreign materials by proper seaiing devices. The points to
beprotectedinchideallcofinectuwis
- orapeningstotbeoil
EaleVoir, goveznor. gBromotor, bearing housings, and
sidarelements.Tbereservoirshouieprovi&xiwirha
ventwithanairierandcarnectionstofacuitsteremovd
of water.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
2.8.2.2 In addition to the foregoingprotectivemeasum,

tbe following should be included when ambient ttmpezgtrires will be less than 4?F (4%)
1. Far use durhg down times,drains sbaild
vi&d whee water can colkctforallsteam,d, and
waterlines, the turbme casing and steam chest, and
the oil aad water si& of the oil coolex. Pneumatic
"blow down- may benectssary m someiostances.
2 Aheater for the ail mservoir.Ifaa electric heater is
specineditmustbeofawifncicntlylowwaadeasity
topmt coking of lkoilAn auxiliary pump may
be reqiiired to eosure oil CircUlatBon for unitonn
heating.
3. An enclosure or bood witb venting to cover the
govemlg system may be provided, and heating
shouklbesuppliedtoprevent icing. The amountand
type of enclosure and heating wiii be governed by
localconditions.
4. Protection against fieeziag for instnuaenBand
dPi@&
5. m
i
n
e manufacturer shouid identay those lines
~resuat-protectionoypa.asa.
AuthobdEngineeMgInfomiehon 11-14-1985.
Exposu~toAb110mialAtm0spheric
oondltkns
if possible, the turbine should be located away froin
damaging fumaand vapars, or abrasive, magnetic ai
metallic dust. If this is not pnictical, the atmospheric
candirioas should be called to the aaention of the manufactufft. Suitable materialsor protective coatings may be
2..3
requiredtoansetthecomisiveeffectsofthefumes.When
necessary, purge air connections on bearing housings,
glaad cases,and govemm should be provided.
Auth#ired EnQnWringInfonnaoion 11-14-1s.
2.9 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
PmssureanTemperaaireRanges
Sieam turbines shouidbe designed and proportionedfar
operationatmaximumsteamconditions.Genedpressnre
and tempexatme ranges utsown in Figure 2-2. The
ranges are general, accmding to tempeam&xsure
cambinationsat which pomt material or design changes,
OrbOth,~~berequired.
2.9.1
Authorlled EngineeringInformation6-21-1978.
Vlbratlon
The vibmion of the turbine rotar (double ampitude)
within thespecifedoperatingspeedrangeas measuredon
thesprfacedtheshaftadjacenttotheradialbeaaingsshall
be m accadancewith the foilowing:
2.9.2
2.9.2.1 SINGLE
STAGETURBINES
The maximum permissible w i o n sha be not peatex
than 2.0 mils for speeds 4ooo rpm and lower, or 1.5 mils
for speeds 4001 rpm and higher.
2.9.2.2 MULTISTAGE TRBINES

The maximum permissi'ble vibratian shall be inaccardaace with Figure 2-2. The absolute values for vibrath
levels above 3ooo rpm can be derived from the following
formule
1M
Shaft mechanid and electrid runout sbaii be determined by slow rolling the rotor in its bearings while
measming the Nwut witb a proximity probe. if it can be
demaisoatedthatmtcbanid&electncalnmoutis~ent, this sha be added to the abwale vibration level op

toamaximum 25 peacent of thedioweddoubleampiitude
v i or 25 mils, whichever is greater.
NEMAStendard 6-21-1978.

6470247 05243Lb 4Tb
SM 23-1991
Page 13
not have the specified margins betweem the apaating
speadsand~speeds.nthiscasetheturbinedesigna
should Catculanerotor response to unbalance. The prime
caisiderationisseasitivitytom~
Authorired Enghming Inlonnation 6-21-1985.
2.9.4 NAMEPUTEDATA
nie following minimum data
tiabiae nameplale:
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
StlfJu
be given on the
Manufacainr'snameandbcatioa
SaialnumW
Ratedborsepower
Ratedspeed
Maximuminletste9mpressure
Maximmillletsteamtunpenitiite
8. Maximumexhauststeampressure
9. M a M m u m e x ~ ~ p r t s s u r e ( i f ~
blc)
10. Tripspeed
11. Maximum continuous speed (ifdifmnt fim rated
rg6ed).
12 Fm
i lataalcritical speed
13. purchaser's equipmeat item number (when speci-
fied).
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL
1993
6470247 0524337 332
ft
+'
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
CIE

S T D - N E M A S U 23-ENGL
1991
6470247 0524318 2 7 9
SM 23-1991
Page 15
RPM. THOUSANDS
Figure 2-2
MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE SHAFT VIBRATION
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SM 23-1991
Page 16
Table 2-1
RECOMMENDED KEY FITS
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(up to & including) 1-50

2
250
3
350
4
450
5
550
6
650
7
7.50
8
40
50
65
75
90
100
115
125
140
150
165
180
190
rn
230
10
w)
Twokeys may be used in any c89e.
Table 24
GENERAL PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE RANGES

S T D I N E M A SU 2 3 - E N G L 199L
b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524320 927
SM 23-1991
Page 17
steam 00 cnmthe turbine. nie pilotvaivecoatroistbc flow

of highpnssme fluid to the power cylink. This flow d
highpressmfluidcausesthepistonmthepowcrcyinda
to move in rcspaise to the signai h m thegovanar
conQo1mechasiism.
NEMA-
612-1986.
81.6 Extemalcontrol-'
Extanal calm1 devices shall be me of thne Eypcs
deaibedbebw:
3.1.6.1 SPEED CHANGER TYPE
-mchangatypeisdirtcts,iaDothe
governing system which in hun positions the g o m a r
coatrolled vaivt(s). The govenoat shall be !Aaxcd to
providethe9pecinedadjustaiespecrange.
3.1.6.2 ReuOlESET Popsr TYPE

?be remote set poiat type is mcorparated dinxtly mio
thegovanmgsystemwhichinmposi~tbegovam
ancudfd valvc(S). Tbc gwawr shall be 8ekctcd to
provide the specincd adjustableranges f ai watroing
patameta9
3.14 3 VALVE ACTlJAlW TYPE

Tbe valveacluating typeissepame h n l ttlegovan.
'e extaaal signai acts to positiaa e i t k tbe gmaacr
coamiied valve@) or a separate liac mounted valve In
thiscase.tbe govemxacts oniy asa speehiting @e
emergeacy)goveniar.
NEMA-
11-14-1985.
3.1.7 speed changer

Thespeed changa is a device fwcbging the setting
0fthegoverningsy~withinthe~ifiedspeedrange
while the turbineis in aperation.
NEhkStrvidard 6-12-1885.
3.2
SPEU) GOVERNING SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION
SpeedgoYeaningsystemSs h a l l b e c ~ a s s h o w n m
Tablt 3-1.
NEMA standatd 6-12-1985.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD.NEMA
S N 23-ENGL
3993
b470247 0524324 8 6 3
SM 23-1991
Page 18
--
TWb 3-1
SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION
10
B
C
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.50
~
13*
7*
7*
7*
O Z
~~~~
32.3 speedvariation
Speed variaiion, expressed as a percentage of rated
speed, is the total magnitude of speed change or fluctuations h m the speed setting uner the steady state caditiom given in 33.4. 'Lhe speed change is dehedas the
difem m speed variation between the governiag system in Operation and the goveZnmg system biocked tobe
inoperative,withalloiherconditionswnstant,Sjmdvari&an includes dead band and sustained osciiiati~
Speed variation (+ a)=
~~
* niese Maximum speed Rise Percent values can be

achievedunderthef~wi43conditians:
a Govemor system is adjustedfop maximum sensitivity.
b. Rotational inertia of the equipment is relatively
iargeforthepowerrating.
c. Steam mditionsproduce a relatively low theoreticalsteamrate.
Agowrnor system in seMce which meets ali the foliow-
ingwnd.itionsshallbecapableofiimiingspeedtoprevent
overspeed trip when load is suddedy reduced from rate
to zero:
a nie driven machine is synchronous perator.
b. Thegovernorsystemisoperatinginamodeinwhich
it m s to demand for electrical power.
c. niesteamturbinehasaninletpressureofatleast
150 psig i1035 kPa (gauge)].
d. Tbsteamturbineexmuastoaccm&~.
-Range
Speed range, expressed as a percentage of rated speed,
is the specined range of opeming speedsbeiow or above
rated ,$xx!d, or both, for which the governor shall be
d j d e when the tucbh is Operatmg nnder the control
of~~goveanor.
(SeeFigure3-1for agraphic repmentationof speed rise

charactexisticsof a Class D govenior.)
NEMAStanclard6-12-1985.
3.22 8bximunSpeedRlse
The maxjrnum speed rise expressedasa percentage of
ratedspeed,isthemaximummomentaryincxeaseinspeed
which is obtaine when the turbine is dcveiopmg rated
power output atnited speed and the bad is suddenly and
unnpletelyreducedtozeao.
Maximum speed rise (%) =
2xratedspeed
(See Figure 3-2 for graphic npresenratiai of speed

variation charactaisticsof a Class D governor.)
3.23 DEADBAND
Deadband is the totaimagnia>dtofthechange in steady
state speed within which thereis no &ring measiirable
change in the position of the governor conmilexivaive@).
It is a measure of the speed gweming system insensitivity
and is expressed in percent of xated speed
9.232 SrMiUn
Sabiity is theability of the speedgoveming system to
position the goveniar conmlied valve@) so that a sustained osciliath of sped or of enezgy input to theturbine
isnotproducedbythespeedgovemingsystemchniag
operation under sustaid load demand or following a

change to a new sustainedload demand.
324 Speed Regulation, steady State
Speed regdation, expnxsed as a percentage of rated
speed,is the change in gli5t8ined speed when thepower
output of the turbine is gradually changed fmn rated
power oulput to zen, power outpit mider the following
steady state conditions:
1. when the steam mditiom (inlet
inlet
temand exhaust pressrire) 8Ic set at rated
valuesandheidconstant
2. When the speed changer is adjusted to give rated
speed with rated power OUlpUL
3. When any exteanai conmldeviisrenderedinoperative and blocked in the open positfon so as to
offexnoresaictionstothefreefiowof steam tothe
goveanar controlled valve(s).
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D - N E M A SI 23-ENGL
L99L
b470247 0524322 7 T T
SM 23-1991
Page 19
107%
100.0%
i
I
w
O
a
w
I
I
I
LOU)
'
100%
Figure 3-1
SPEU) RISE NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR
259
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 3-2
SPEED VARIATION NEMA CLASS D GOVERNOR

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991
b470247 0524323 6 3 6
SM 23-1991
Page 20
1oOY
LOAD
flgure3-3
STEADY STATE SPEED REGULATION NEMA
CLASS D GOVERNOR
3.3.5
PmssunChanger
Thepressurechangerisadevicebymeansofwichthe
setting of the pressure regdating system maybe changed
for the piirpose of aajusting the p m s m of the exhaust
staun or ofthe extraction or mduction steam whiie the
turbme is m @on.
3.3.6 SteaiyStatePressureRegulation
Far controlid extraction or conmiled induction type
turbines,the steady stare ~ ~ g u l a t i O n i s t h e C h a n g e
in sustained extraction or induction pressure when, with
identicalsettingsofall parrs of thespeedgoverningsysttm
and of the presswe reguiating system(s), the exmxtmn
a
iaductian flow is gradually changed from rated flow Io
zero flow.
Fornoncondensmg
turbioesprovidedwithexhauscpressureregdatas,the steady s r a t e p r e s s u r e r e ~is the
change in sustained exhaustpmsurewhen. with identical
seings of ail parts of the speed govemiag system and
through tbe action ofthe p r t s m r r e m , the powa
outputofthesteamtucbineispduayreduced6romrate
power output to zero power outpit.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD-NEMA
SM 23-ENGL
1991
b 4 7 0 2 4 7 0524324 5 7 2 M
SM 23-1991
Page 21
NEMASEandard6-12-1985.
3.4 COMPENSATED CONTROLSYSTEM

Acompcrisatedcontral system is one which is provid
with intaconneciions between its conml mechanisms so
that the action dthe speed governar or of the pressure
qdator(s) also directly actuates the Othet control mechanism.
3.3.7 Stablltty
Stabiity is the capabiiity of the pessure regulating
NEMASEandaid6-21-1979.
system(s) to position the pressurt controlled vaIve(s) so
that sustained oscillationsof the coaadled pressrno(s) ar
3.5 ELECK= GOVERNING SVSTEM
theeaxzgy~puttothesteamturbincarenotproducedby
3.5.1 BaslcFeatures
the pressrire regulating SY-m drnmg m m undfx
An electronicgovanhg system shaincludethe foilowmstaimfiow demands or fauowing achange to another
value of sustained flow dtmand.
ingbasiccompooeprs:
For Ihe pirpose of this standad ~ ~ i l . l a t i1 Sensorswhichmeasureanoperat8igparamctaof
~
the turbineai system, andpoduce
~bY~pressureregulatiagsysteniOfelectricsipah.
pressurtar of encrgy inpt are definedas the dinaence
b c t w c c n t h o s e e ~ w i t h t h e p r e s 9 u r e r e ~ s y s t e m 2 Agovamx which compares -(s)
fnw dic seagor(s) witb the seiectcd set point(s) and padeces a
in semicc and thme existing with thepressrinregularing
Qgnal(s)fobthevalveactuator(s)tomaintainsystem
system blocked or inaperstve.
NEW-6-12-1985.
338 Pressum~rolperformanee
A Class D goveniOringsystem (see 3.2) shall exhibit the
following characteristics when u t i h in a comconml system:
w . 1 changeinsuseainedspeedshallbe196maximum
for any sustamed change in flowwithin limits of 5%and
95%of maximum inductionorexmuionfbw guaranteed
forthatload.
NEMA-
11-14-1985.
3.3.8.2 Steady state plessare regdation shall be 0.5 psi

(35kpa) maximmor496 of ratedexbaust, extrauion.n
indmion plesule wtpressed m psig oc kPa (absolue);
whichever is larger.
N E W S U d d 11-14-1985.
3.3.8.3 sustained 0Scillat.i~of canttolled pressure,

wiien aprating at C O I I S E B ~flow
~ demaad op foiiowing a
change to another canstant flow, Shan notcxcetdoa psi
(1.7 kPa) ar 2% of thecon~fledpnsnireexptssedin psi
ob kPa (absolute); whichever is larger.
NEMA-
11-14-1985.
Parametebs3. An actuam@)whicb positions the valve(s) directly

or though a a m l nucbamm
*
inIespsetoh
gov=SiEm.
one or mon of followingparameters shallbecxxumlld
bythegovemingsystem:
a. speed
b. Eachinduction/exaaction~
c. othersforspecificapplicatiom.
NEMASE8ndard 11-14-1985.
332The following are accessories which may be selected,

aependingonratingaod~
u . 1 CONTROLP~ES
Asignal selectmmay be incorporated intbegOVUIIOrt0
aowthegovenwrrtoreceivesignalsfromse.veralscnsus
and tochoose the signal, which wiii result in thc piopa
valveopening.
Any p
aram
m
may be primary which the governing
.
.
as constant during IK)iTmBI operation.
SyAny panunetex could be secondary which is i g n d as
lcQgasitisbelow the preset value.
334.4 s ~ o s c i l l a t i ~ o f e i a e r g y i n p u ~ w h e n o p3.599 CONTROLOF INDUCTION OR E X T R A m

&gatconstant flow demand or foilowing achange to
The governor may be designed to control the low presa n o r h e r ~ t f i o w , s h a U n o t e ~ 4ofratedpcwer.
%
surevahrt(s) daninductim urextlxtion mine in conjunctian wih the high pressure nive(~).in this case,the
338.5 The range of adjustment for ptsmre change(s)
governar wnmls the flow to maintain the steam pressure
sha pennit adjustment of exhaust, extraction, or iaducat each controlled extraction or induction opening while
tion pressure betweem f5 p i g (35 kPa) M f10% of the
simuuaneously controlling speed when necessary for the
coamlled pressure expressed in psi or kFa (absolute);
appiication.
whichever is iarger.
NEMA11-14-18!j.

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3.3.6.1 PRESSURE REGULA^

Rcssueregulationiscoasideredpositivewhcnprtssure
iacreaseswith decrease in steani flow.
S T D m N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991
Agoveniar with h i s capability incorporatesfeatUtes to

adjustaii the ccmtroiied valves in mponse to a change in
any controlled parameters.
3.5.23 MISSHG SIGNAL DRECllONFEAtLIRE

nie missing signai &tecrion feature monitors all input
signahandaetaminesifthey are in the cmect range. Any
signai that is out of range shwld cause immediate action
by the electmiic govexnor to enSure safe operation of the
tmbine,and should cause an alami indication.
3.52.4 SENSOAREDUNDANCV
8.5.2.5 OVU1SPEEDTmP
nie overspeed trip feature in the governor can be provided in addition to the primary trip.
3.5.26 other demonic governor accessories m a y be

available.
6470247 0524325 409
theirassociafedWiringshouldbepro~fmnheat,weat
and induced signais Local codes and area classifshould be conWhenmi~basedturbinecontrolsystemsIrre
provided which interface with plant distributed control
systems, there may be some overlap of control loops and
confusionregardinginpuWoutputs.in these cases the pni
chaser and the vendor should mutually agree upon scapt
and responsibility spiiL Extemal selpointscan come knn
the piant DCS but the turbine control loop should be
suppiie by the Wine manufacturer.
A typid eiec&onic governor schematic is shown m
Figure 34.
3.6 AUTOMATIC START CONTROLS

Automatic start controls are avaiiabie for turbine and
driven machine. nie Wine manufacturer should te msuited for recommendedequipment and pnicediires
Auaionred~neeringInfonnabon
*
6-12-1mS.
GENERAL
Caw shouid be talren in each installation to provide for
adequate wiring. in addition, elecmnic governors and
3.5.3
INPUTS
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figure 3 4
ELECTRONIC GOVERNOR FOR PUMP OR COMPRESSOR CONTROL

SM 23-1991
Page 23
Section 4
PROTECTION
41.6 Comblned mp and mmle mive
Thecambineatrip,and throttle valve is separate fmm the
govelnor controlled valve@) and is closed (tripped) m
response to the action of the overspeed sensing &vicc,
other safety &vices or manuai trip device. ?his vaive
pennits manual ttirottling of steam to the turbine.
4 1 BASICFEATURES
Thefollowmgfeaturesandaccessoriesarenecessaryfar
the proper functioning of equipment and safety of opera-
tion:
Ananugill@
Each turbine shall be pvided with amanual tripping

device to ciose h i p valve or hip and throttic valve.
4.197
NEMASEandard612-1985.
4.12 ~ M p s y s t e m
Theoverspeedtrip system shall besparkpioofandshall
include the overspeed sensing &vice, linkage. and a (rip
valveora combined trip and bottle valve sepatate from
the spce governor conmiled valve@).
NEMA-
overspeed
m h g
The tnp speedseauigsshowninTable4-1shall be above

the speedreacbeddue to the maximum speedrisecharacEeristic of the govetning system to avoid tripping the
turbine on sudden loss of load.
NEMA Standd 6-12-1985.
when design or application of driven equipment requires trip speeds other than thoseshown in Thble4-1, the
trip speed should be specified.
11-14-1985.
A13 overspeedsensingDevlce
The ovaspeed smsing device mc1Udes those elements
which are direcily responsive to speed and which initiate
action to close the trip valve at apmkammd
-speed
NEMA standard 621-1979.
Authohcl Engineering Infomiation6-21-1979.
Table 4-1
TRIP SPEED SEmNGS
mspeed
Tbt trip speed is the speed at which the overspeed
ansing device is set
41A
A
B
41.5 TpVahre
"be hip vaive is separate from the goveanor conmiied
vaive@)and isclosed (tripped) in responseto the action of
C
D
theoverspbedscnsingdcvice,othasaf~&~orman-
115
110
110
110
*An vrluaueinpe<rmidmuiminiiContinLKnM Ipd.
UaiIripdeVice.
NEMA-
6-21-1079.

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11.1
S T D - N E M A SM 2 3 - E N G L 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 052i1327 281
Sectlon 5
FACTORY TESTING
S.1 TURBiNE
1. Qiecknerieraloperatioa
6.1.1
1.
~ ~ i e x b a u s t ~ ~ h s t e a r n
or hydro testcd at a minimum of25 pi [172 kPa
0 1 .
NEMA-
11-14-1085.
2 Wa!exj&~ts, coils, or d e m shall be hyrottsted

to 1.5 times thespecifiedcooluigwar~,but
notkman115psip93kPa(gauge)].
NEMA SkldWd 6-21-1979.
m of 15
3. pressirre(s) shall be maintained for a
millUteS.TbeteStShallbeamsidaed~
when no extemai leaLsfrom be item under test are
observed,
NEMA SEandard 6-21-1879.
5.12
No Lond Running Test
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~~
S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 199L
I
I 6470247 0524328 IL6 H
SM 23-1991
Page 27
Sedon 6
SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS
occurring atratedpowerandspeedandmaximum steam
amditions, are shown m ble 6.1.
TaMe 6-
Sound Pressure Levels
45-90
90-180
1-355
355-710
710-1400
1400-2800
2800-5600
MoO-llu10
OVeralldBA
63
125
98
94
250
91
89
500
lo00
2Ooo
4OOo
8Ooo
...
89
89
89
89
93
106
98
97
92
90
90
90
90
95
For arrbmemoimtedon asteeibasepiate.abdonea&iitioaaidecibeltotabul8tcdval~.

Actnai swnd pre9sure levels may not equa maximum
t a b w valm for all fequewy bands. o v d dBAis*
therefore*less than the sum of individual values.
Authorized Engiuieenng Infwmation&21-1979.
SOUND PRESSURE LEVU MEASUREMENT

PROCEDURE
Sound presswe levels shall be measiindin accordrmce
with Ameaican N a t i d Standard S5.1. Section 7.0, as it
i!Japplicable,Eammamd
*
asfallows:
Acoilstical penamanCe is based on a sound prtssure
level which is &pendent on acoustical c b & x i s t k s of
the space m which the unit operam. AU m
d soumi
6.3
levels are assumed to be in k ! d s p k- d netfleldar

semi-revaberant field which has r00m m
t iarge
empgh so as to not significantiy ef?eztm pressum
levebathcmeasiiriagpoint.
A six decibel drop off in SOWICI pressure levei per distance douling in each octave band of inmesr, as the
microphoaeismoved~eachmeasurementlocationm
aii direaionSamundthe machine.regardlessof distanCC,
indicates approximate free fieid conditjolls.Corrections
must be made f?environment whea the drop Onis less
than su decibels.
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SM 23-1991
page 28
All 3Ound--readings
shallbercaorded as sound
pressme p
l
s in decibels at refereace pressure of two
times 10' Newton per square meter.
Ausoraid~readingsshallbemadewitbanoctave
baad meter set for slow respanserecordingvisualaverage

of maclings.
F l d g m i s e le* equal to arhigkdian plus oc
minus 2dBAovetall shall be murded.
'Lbe~shallbeprottctednomexternaldistmbing mfluences (vibnitian,aircunents,alldelec~of
magnetic fields) which may affectreadings.
Miaophoae locations shall be approximately,but not
less than, aae meter from any sound sotme being mead a n d a t a heigbt 1.5 meters above the fioor. Care shall
be talrcn to avoid a poBitiai at the nodal point of standing
wave. (hie set ofreadingsskould bed that is requaedif
find the noise output of one particular sou~cein a noisy

envimment. However, noise measurements cannot be
addedmsubsracted directly. Rather,measuremauscaube
canbined wirb a coirection number.The CQzeCtioll numbers obtained from * i 6-1 and 6-2 areappoximate.
However, the graphic results are East and sufficiently accurareformosteagineaiagapplications.
The currection numbex is based on the dif6erence m
amplitude of two sormds whether the sounds ale beiqg
addedoi~btracted.Wh~sonnds~~tbe~rion number is added to the higherlevel Far example, 80

SUBTRACTING BACKGROUND NOISE
tbemicrophoneissopositioaed.~seotenceis~-
izedEnghe&gWxmation.)ThcpaBitionofthemicm
phane fmmeesirringkkgmundambient sound and total
swndshanbeidentical.
NEMASEendard6-21-1979.
.4 CORRECTION FOR BACKGRWND NlSE

rvm!memats oftiirbiae sound plesSun levels should
be WHWWI far ambient baclrgtouadm d press~relevels. Levels at each iocatim should exceed background
levels by at least tea decibels in each octave band If the
dinereaceetweenmeasuredsoundevelandbacirground
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3
4
5
6
7
8 9 1 0
soundkvelislessthanthree&cibelsingivenoctave-nd,
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TOTAL SOUND
vatid eqsound level in that bad cannotbe deterAND BACKGROUND NOISE (dB)
mineb.when thc m-is
-,
t w a ~ ~ rection factor should be subtmcw fnwn the measured
Figure bl
sound levek
CORRECTION
FOR
BACKGROUND NOISE
Decibeloorrection~=
and 86 decibel sound levels diffa in amplitude by six
-33
4-5
6 - 2 loandover
O
1
decibels.a dinerencethat yieisacxmctm

*
mlmkofl
Thus,totai sound level is 87 deciLels.

when~noiseissubtractedbromtiretotal
'
numerissubtractedals0.k
cori9ideratonshould~begiiventoef6ectsof~ somid lcvek the Lxmwtmn
example,
a
90
decibel
backgod
noise and a 97 dezibel
msonnd somes, such as piping anddrivenequipment,
total
sound
level
difer
m
amplitude
by seven decibels, a
w e a m l ~ o r ~ e f m n v a i v e s a n d p i p i n gHow.
difthat
yields
acmectum
numberoflfr0nif;igUr
ever, swndlevels from these somcesmay be 80 clase to
6-2'Thnsthem~levelwithout theba&gmmd noiseis
leveis from the turbine that a meaninghil meatmment
%decibels.
will be difncnlt or impossible unless s&ep
are taken to
Authomed E n g i i w Informatian 6-21-1979.
isdatedietnrbine. Itmaybepossibletoaccomplishchis
by inanlnting all Piping, using acoustic barners as appw
6.6 INSTRUMENTS
pllate, and cowring some sound sources with lead blauSound pressure levels should be measundby meam of
kets.
a
sound level meter which meets the requkments of
Aumorired E n g M n g Infamalion6-21-1979.
American Naticmal Standard S1.4.
Afull-octave&andsoundanalyzex,rneetingtherequire6.5 SWNRESOLUTION
men&
of Ameriwn Nationai Standard 51.11, should be
Ikromeasuremeatsoftenmustbeaddedtodeerminethe
USed~conjimctionWiththesoumdlevel~teatOmeaSme
cunbined mise level of s e v d sources or wibtracted to
2
frwn F-6-1.
SoUd

S T D - N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991
6470247 0524330 87b
ADDING TWO SOUNDS
SM 23-1991
Page 29
Insfmments, including microphones, should receive an

acoustic check an overaU calibration before and after
every swnd pressure level test.
Authorired Engineering Information621-1979.
6.7 SOUND AmNUATION

It is recommended that acoustic81 treatmentfor turbines
and similar machinery be applied after instailation of the
equipment and ensuing piant operation. Facm which
&ea sound levels are many and varied and may not be
associated as closely with the machinery itself as with
steam velocities in piping and other sound sources.
After instailation and operaton has commenced, an
ovexall piant sound levei can be establishedand corrective
measures Ealren to isolate the major sound producing portions of the process.
Authorized Engineering information6-21-1979.
8 9 1 0
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOUNDS (dB)
Flgure 6 2
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SMIND RESLUI"

SM 23-1991
Page 31
Section 7
PREPARATION FOR SHIPMENT AND STORAGE
7.1 SHPPING PREPARATION
nit turbine and ail scparate parts shall be properly
taggodandidentified
At ttit timeof shipment,aiieqoscdnonmachinedsurfaces shall be protected widl OpLe coiitof shop paintaad
coatingorcovaiagorboth Aiiexpastdmachincdsurk c s a n d oiiIiaparvoH.iateriorsshall be protected with a
nist pvenmtive. All ojmlngs shall be jllugged oc cov-
aad. llleinteIiorofthertbineshallbesaitablytFeaud
toprcvcntnist
Ocean freight or extended storage shall require aditiooal protectionand packaging.
NEMASEandard 11-14-1885.
Theppamionassumesthas~ewillbesoarrangd
tbattheequipncntwillbeprotectedagainstloss,~on
andwtathadamage.
ki(h0rlled Engineering Infomiawn
. 11-14-1985.
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7.2 SHIPMENT
The purchaser*since he has the most wmpete knowledge of local conditions,should specify the delivery point
rind provide infamiadon on the method of handtingtothe
The purchaser should advise the mandacturer of thc

unladmg facilities available and whether skids will be
newsaryformllinglargeassemblesintopoStion.
Authonred Engineering Infarmath 11-14-1985.
7.3 RECEIPT AND STMIAGE OF EQUIPMENT

Upon receipt,the purchaser should check ail equipment
for darnagt which may have o c c d in transit. Any
damageorshortagcsshouidbereportedimmediatelytothe
tninsportatioacompanyandacopyofthereporttothemanufactuta.
AH material should be checked against the manufsctraers packiug liss and my discrepancies repoml
immediately to themanufcturer.
The equipment should at a times be storedin a clean,
noncorrosive atmosphere and protected against loss,
weather,damage,and fareig0 materialssuch as dust, sand,
a d so. forth
. indoor starage where constant ternpawe
ismauitained at a levei which wiil p v m t condcz1sBtiQ1
is preferred. The purchaser should seek the manufacturers advice if storage conditions are other than thc
above.
Specialattention and cureshouldbe given to thesmage

ofpartshavmgexposedmachinedsurfaces.
B e h --up, the oil orpnxemtive usedin the beari & d f y d l ~ s b i p m e r i t s b y m a r k i n g i n d i v i d u a ~ ~ ~ -ing housingshouldbeflushedoutandrepiacedwirhc~
lubricatmg oil of the recommended type. Grease lubriblies c r ~ p n tomshipment.
cated bearings may require lubrication prior to start-up.
Themanufacaurersshouldspccifythe~pfcpBretiOnandproteCtivecoatingSthatsbouldbeprwidedto Prior to start up, forced lubrication systems should be
checkedforproperoperation.
protact the equipment if die insisdehyed.
pointddelivery.
Thcmanufacairashouduseshippmgmethodsandship
p a r t s i n t h e s e q ~ r e q ~ f ~ y i n s t a l l- aar w
m ln
Aulhonzed EngineerKig Infomiation 11-14-1885.
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b470247 0524332 6 4 9
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SM 23-7997
Page 33
Sectlon 8
INSTALLATION
ai
INTRO DU^
TbetmbineshauMbeiilptnllulmaccardencewithrwF
ommendationsandinsmictions
*
ispuedbydrcmanufacnt
The m f o m i a t i o n c o n ~ i nSection 8ispovided to

asgist~prirchasaarhiscontractatintbepropahandliog
gndinmiliahrn
*
0fmtcbamcaldriveweamtiabmes.There
&e m i y vatiabies mvohrcd mtheaquipnent funiished
methodofshiplaent,andtypcsofiir9rallntinn.uierefore,it
is not feesi'ble to detail step-by-stepproCadurW.
Auihairod Enginwring Infomath 11-13-1969.
82 SUPERVISION OFINSTAUATION
It is f c c o m m a that the man-'S
representative faqwise theia9iallationofthe tmbiac.The mstatltt-
tion procedure should be in accordance with

recammndatiaisandiartnictim~bythemanufacturcrutham drawings arbyoibeameans. Sucb piocb
dares are arranged and planned to obtain the most
Lwiskmy iImauion and commissionmg of the eqwp
ment.
pauyqualifiedlabor,incl~qpalinedsupervisim,is
requiredfoapmpetirldhtm
' ,scastupand~m.
-Engineering-
6-21-1079.
83 INsTALmnoN
propermazallatiaa i s a e c t s p a r y f m ~ i r ; a yoperation.*
nsershOuldprovidean adequate fauidation to
maintain alignment and sbould installpiping to minimize
txtanalf~andmomentsonmeMbiae.
S f i k n t space andnecessary openings in the foundationsandkiuding !aluCtun shaildbe pwided for the
insWahn of theequ'ipment Suitablcqmiqs should be
puvicd in the building to admit the quipmew me
purchaser should provide sufncient space raound the
quipmalt for savicmg, including the ripace formwing
the rotor and setting down he upper half of the turine
casing.
Authorized Engineersiq Infomiation 11-14-1985.

~
8.3.1
FOUndatlOn
Foundations should be sufficiently heavy and rigid to

farm a permauentiy nonwarpmgsmictinie.
The manufacturez should iunisbdimensionaldrawings
to enabe the purchasez to design a suitable foundation of
Inlet
Exhaust
Induction
175
250
175
Extraction
250
53
76
53
76
175
450
175
250
-
53
137
53
76
ample~~andstrengthfortheequip~tspeci6ed.
"he fwndation souldbe designed so that it WU
absorb
8.3.3 Cleaning af Tutt~ne
Steam pping
to a large extent the vibrath of die unit installed on it.
Asourceofcleansteam,free~foreignparticles,must
nefouadabon shouldbeisolated~thebuildingstnic- be provided to the inlet of the turbine connecaons
*
.The
hire by means of spacers (felt, coak,and so fortii) so that
Station piping and the boiler system should be cleaned in
outsi& vibrationwill notbetransmioed tothe foundation.
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S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL L991
I6470247 0524333 585
SM 23-1991
Page 34
pieces of welding rod to work their way ttuuugh the

pipelhesandsupeitieaterlllbes.
calculationscanbe made to show how much flow and
what drum pressure am necessary foranassumed temporary ppe size to a c b a mass velocity head during
cleaning quai to that attainedduring fuii loadoperatiai,
basedMthe followinn:
steambbwingisbestachievedbyrepeatedbeatingand
coalingwhichwin~altwiateeiqiensaiandcoanaction
1. AS I nrst atten+, assume that tfie velocity at the
intkpipingwhichwinhelpbasenpipe~.Itisforthis
pipe exit to atmosphere during blowdown is sonic,
and that the pressure, Ppjllstinsidlediepipattht
~thattheMowdownshouidbeatfullpns9ureand
terrpwratiae for several minutes to allow the pipc to get as
exit is u)psi. Tomake this assumpion, it is neccs~toope!xs&~~asyossible.niepIpingshould
ssay that all ofthe flow ateas in &heSystem be equal
beallowedtoco0lbef~stastuigthenextMowdown.
to, 01larger than, the dischargeam.
AminimumofthreebbWSShOUldbe~and~
2 Estimate the steam conditions (piessiae, enthalpy)
subsequentblowsshouldiiseapolishedstedwgetatdiecnd
at the boiler outla expected during steam blowoftheMowdowniinetoactasanindicatiaiofckantmess
down.Fnim tbecurve~inFigure8-2read~ma~~
~shouldbepolishedonbodisi&stoobiaindoublie
flow function,F3o. Calculate the massfl<lw, Qcl as
usage.AnewEargetshoutdbeitsedfareachttSandcheEsrget
follows
compand toanew one untiitheyqpeartobethesame. See
Q c = F30xAp
where Aphthe area of the pipe at discharge
Figure8-1f~~~ggesedtargetinstal)atim.
epurchasershouldprovidetemporarypiphgrequlled
m.3.
for the blowdown. It is alwaysadvisable to blow to atmos3. It isnecessaryto dculate the presslm drop through
phereoutsidethestationinanareawberesteamarperticles
the temporary and permanent piping to amive at a
boiler pmsure. Refa to Figure -3. 'ibis curve
wouldnotinjurepersonnelaraffectequipnentnitpblow
piping must be iarge enough to develop a mass velocity
shauldbe used todetennine rhe pressure dropnear
head in the permanent piping at ieast equal to thatdevdthe discharge endofthetempmrypiping, since the
oped during full load Operation. Blowdown lines should
velocity is near sonic and an ordinary dculaiimof
pressiiredrap due to friction does not^^.
be installed with adequate anchors toprevent pipe whip
ping oc damage. "he trip throttle valve and stramer must
be removedandallvalves in the main healer should be
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~withthepoceduressubsequentlywiggestedin
d e r to assure the avaiiability of clean steam.
steam Mowingisfequiredforall main steam,seal and
. . piping before the steam turbii is put into
adnussion
aperation. steam Mowing greatly reduces potealtial damage to the turbim by weid beads and pipe slag.
wideopen.
The following procedm should be used for sizing the
temporary Mow down line:

Since the forcemaparticle is proportional tothe mass
veiociry head of the fluid,it appears reasonable that the
mass velocity head cieveiojxd during die Mowing cycle
must be at leastequai to that developed during full &ad
operation. 'ibis should rake care of most hose pieces.
However,a time Eactor is involved; no one can be sure how
long it takes pipe scale to loosen up, ar such things as

~~
S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL
L99L
6470247 0524334 411
SM 23-1991
Page 35
( P v ~= pressure-specif volume product during

cleaning at boiler ouuet, ft3/in2
(P-)
= pressure at maximum load flow at
(Pc)
boiler outlet, psia

presslire during cleaning at boiler
outlet, psia
( P V =~pssure-specific volume product at
%'
Figure 4
PRESSURE DISTRIBUTK)NNEAR M E
END OF A PIPE DISCHARGING STEAM
AT SONIC VELoclfv
in applying Figure 8-3, assume as a rst hial thatL is
dietotalequivalentIcngthofthetempararypiping,nicluding the equivalent length of elbows, tees, etc. in the temporary system. calculate the
anci aiter the curve in
F m 8-3 and thus calculateP, the ptsamat thc distance

FL thewmpmry pipe is
Lfran the exist. Note that if-&
D
more than 5, use a sharterL which wi makc? equa 5
andusecoxmpdm
* g P/Pp to CalculatePat the shorts L
.
wtm+ is gnater tiun 5, the pressuredrop isa straight--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
line frmction of L and can be caicuiaied by the conventional method. Then calculate, by conventional
straight-line methods, the press~redrop due to friction in
the piping from point Lfrom the exit to the boiler outlet,
thus arriving at the boiler outlet prrssiire, Pc.
4. Next, cacuiate the cleaning farce ratio at the boiler
outlet, using the calculated Pc and the expected
enthalpy. This mio compares the mass-velocity
head during cleaning with dut developed c&uing
nomial fuii-loadoperation. nie cleaningfacc ratio
is expressed by:
where:
Qc
Qmu
= calculatedflowdiiRngcltanllig,lb/hr
maximm load flow at boiler outlet,

ft3/in2
5. Ifthisxatio,R,islessthan are andthe steam velocity
inthesupeheatertubesislessthantwice theabwable, divi& the pnssure assume inside pipe exit,
Pp,by thisratioand repeat the above process. Thus,
therequired flow andgressuresfor equivalentcleaning forces can be deteamined. hereby estabMing
the required sizes for the temporary Mowpip.
Note that for a discharge pressure different than 30
psi, the flow function is
The~ofthetemporarypipeisamostimportantfactor.
nie use d a iargerpipe wiU result in lesser flows and lesser

pressure h e i s required for the same cleaning farce. The
size effect is poportional to the ratio of diameters to the
fourth pow.In no case, however, should the temporary
pipe have a greater flow area than the permanent piping.
Pressurereadings during blowdown should be taken at
the inltt u)the stop valves andas close as possible to the
MowclownPipedischarge. The lauer connectionshould be
made ata convenientlocation,but not less than 20 diameters fran the discharge end of the blowpipe in order to
obtain a stable pressure Feading. These readings will help
substantiate the calculated boiler pressure and pipe Szes
selected for the blowdown operation.
A f d i size Mock valve, safeiy iocated, shouldbe used to
perform die blow. Adequate pham communication between the boiler mom and the operaror at the blow down
valve must be established This might also be backed up
by a system of visuai communication, such as indicating
lights, since phone communication may become difficult
due to the high no& level at the blowdown valve. An
anangrnent should also be made to record the pressure
readings at the various siations simultaneously through
proper communications.
When performingthe blav, the blow down vaive should
fystbe cracked so as to get a graduai warming of all the
steam lines. When the lines are adequately warmed up,
open the blow down valve all the way as fast as possible.
When the boiler pressure has dropped to approximately
150 pSi [lo35 kpa (gauge)], close the blow Qwn valve
~~ysothattheboilerpressuredoesnotdropbelow
100
psi [69kPa (gauge)].
=maximumloIdflm,lb/hr

SM 23-EWGL
L77L
Steam seal piping or any other lines that might bring

steam to theanbinemustbebiowndown. Weldspatierand
other foreign matenal that may becontained wihin the
steam seal piping can cio appreciable damage to both the
steam seal packing and the turbine shaft. Thetefare, it is
prudent to direCr as much attention to the cieaning of this
piping as has been stated for main steam lines.
It is imporiant that uie blowing apeiatiOn be conducted

after ail of the field weiding is completed Allliough Mt
the turbine manufacturers responsibility,it is a good pacti to have a service supervisorwitness at least the finai
blow down.
It is left to the customers discK&on to determine the
most practical method of cleaning ktoiy prefabrid
lines which may become conlmhaledin ihe field nKst
linesstiouldbecleanedandgivenseveralgoodbbwspror
to final assembly. FOI short runs which cannotbebiown
down,mechanical cleaning may be adequate. Lintsidm g from the turbine to the customers steam lines sbould
also be blown Out for the best interestsof the custame.
Authonted Erigheerhrg Infomiation ll-14-lg85.
8.4 SMMPIPINGSYSTEMS
8.4.1 Intmductbn
Reactions of piping systems connecte to steam aubines, if of sufficient magnitude, will result m d i g n ment of the turbine sufcient to cause rough operationand
sarious mechanical damage. Steam turbines have been
very Carefdy designed to provide for thermal expaeon
and, at the same tllne, maintain close agnmeat betwecn
the tlubine rotating and stationary parts, and also the
~ineanddrivenequipnent.mpvisimfortlubii
rbennai expansions by necessitylimits theallowable values of forcesand manen&applied tothe Qrrbine stnicture
by the piping c o ~ ~ c t to
e dit.
It is the purpose here to briefiy discuss piping arrangements and recammendfiangeloedinglimitationsimposed
on steam turbines by piping. This infonnatbn is presented
as an aid to the user and is not intended as aselfcaitaid
thesisonpping.
The recornrnendahns to be discussed h u i d provide
aibwable d u e s of forces and momeats at the turbb
connectionsforsteam inet,exaaction,andexhaustpiping.
It is not caisidered necessapy to supply values far auxiitarypiping such as steam eakoff, hhkating o& and
coolingwater,buteven so,thisadhrypiping sbaild also
be designed such that tubine expansioSi is not restramad.
Authorized bgimririg Infwmation6-21-1979.
8.4.2 ThePipingProblemssAppliedioWnes
one of die firstcxmidediaas in designing any piping
system isto keep the StreSJes in the pipe within the limits
of ANSI/ASME B31.1 and/or any localcodes that may be
appiicabe. In genera, the jipisdicaion d s u c h authanties
W 6470247 0524335 358 H
stops at the W i inlet and exhaustconnectioasuother

apeningsal the machineto which externalpiping systems
connect.
In ader to keep the strains due to faces aad bending
matnentsonthe~ineoonnections,iaciu~gtheweight
ofthepipe,withinrecommene.dlimits,diepipingsystem
desigashouldbe~hthatresoaintssinditMomafmovement match momentsat the connectionsto the turbineand
toveqarge forcesat the turbine suppom.
..
The faces in piping sys&mtauieroperatingcondutons
can be giouped into three Classes: those due to stean
l==-temperatiireanddeadweight.
-fngineerkigi-
6-21-1979.
8A3 FoiicesDueioOPressum
niesealemOStcOmmanl~associatedWithbwprtssue
andvacuum iineswhereexpansionjointsareof&nusedto
provide flexibility. If an expansion pint is impmpedy
used, it may cam a pipe reactjon greater dmn he one
which it issupposed toeliminate. An uriffsalctedexpmSion pint will cause an axial uuust equal to tbe effective
ana ofthe bellows times the intend pfesslm The magnitudeofthese forces may be geater than the limitsforme
exhaust flange. In &to
have the iowest reaction when
it is found that expansionjoints ale required,die standad
of the Expansion Joint Manufacturws Association should
becmsulled.
The following figures and paragraphs represent typical
installauons
- andareofferedonlyasguide&
Figure 8-4showsanexpansionjointm apressure lint.
Theaxialthnist~theexparisionpinttendsto~
Lhe~ineandtheelbaw.Topreventthis,dieelbowshould
haveanahchortokeepitfnnnmoving.t?turbineshaild
atsoabsorbthisthrnstand,mdoingso,becanes8nasichor.
m fce al the Mbme may be greater tbaa can be
allowed. In general,this mebiod shouldbediscouage&
Figure84showsthe SamepipingarrangemmtasngiPe
8-4 except for the atkiition of tie rods on the expansian
pint. nie tie rodspvent the elongation of the joint and
taketheaUalcreatedbythein~pressunofdie
expansionpintsoitis n o t m i t t e d & b aabiaeflange.
The tie rods eliminate any axial flexibility,but tbewt is
still fexibie in shear; that is, the fianges may
m
parallelplanes.IbebCatiOnOfthiS~Of~h~~
shwldbesuch~movememofdiepipingpiss~~
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
STD-NEMA
sionjointmsheainsteadoftensionocaimpessia
Fii8-6isanarrang~~tfiequentlyiised,hawigtie
rods as indicated for 1yn1condeilsing aperation.This IIClangement should prevent ally duustdue to mtemalpessure of Ihe expansion pint 6rom being transnrtted
*
t o b
exhaiistaangeandretairistheaxiztlflexibuitydditjaitIt
may be used for either VBCUIIIII oc pnsure savicc (by
suitablearangementoftheIods).

b470247 0 5 2 4 3 3 b 294
SM 23-1991
Page 37
li
ANCHOR
TURBINE
mgUr8 84
UNRESTRAINED EXPANSION JOINT

(May Impose an unacceptable thrust for on the turbine.)
Figure &5
////////)
EXPANSION JOINT
-. .
TIE RODS
(Flexible in shear only)
Fgute 8-7 shows a suggested anangementfar a andensing~widlEiniipexhaust.Duetothelargecxhaust
piPeSiZen<rmallY~teedOncandetmn
g-k
exhaustpipingmayberelativelystin,dan~jomt
StioUMbeiisedatsomepoint to take care oft h d expansion.An umestrictedexpansionPrntplaced at the exhaust
fiange of the turbine may exert an upward or lifting force
on dit turbine flange which in many cases is excessive.
Figure 8-7p v i h the necessary flexibility to take care

of themial expansiai without impsing any UnIliifting force on the turbine. The expansion joint is in shear
which is the preferred use. The reatively sma vertical
expansion may compress one p i t and elongate the other
whichcausesasmdireactionaalyandmaybe wellwithin
the turbine fange limits
Authorized EngineeringInfomation 6-21-1979.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991 W 6470247 0524337 1 2 0

sh4 23-1991
page 38
Figure 8 4
EXPANSIONJOINT wmi TiE RODS FOR NONCONDENSING OPERATION
(Proviaes awlel fiexlblllty without Imposing thnist on the tu*ine.)
Figure 8-7
EXPANSION JOINT Wmi TIE RODS FOR CONDENSING OPERATIONWil" "UP" EXHAUST
(Provles veitical flexibility without bnposlng thrust on the tu&lne.)
8AA Fo~cesDuetoTTemperature
if a pipe is COMtected to some point as Am Figure 8-8,
and hestheamfgurathshown by the soiid tine, it may
assiimetheappmmak
'
pOmtioashownbythedashline
when heated to a higher temperature, pmviing no restraint is offeredbypoint B.
If both poms AandB are rigid points which may not
wwc, the pipemay assumeashapesimuartothathwn
by thedashbe mFigure 8-9 whai heated.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

6470247 0524338 Ob7
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
S T D e N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L
///////////
A

STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL
L99L
6470247 0524339 TT3 W
Rigid supportsmay be usedto limit die movementofaihe

to prevent excessive deflection at any point. A rigid sup-
portisnotsatisfactoPywherethennalexpansionmaycause
the pipe to move away from the support
On the two types of rigid mpports shown in figue
8-12, the rise of the turbine CoNKctiOn due to temperatrire
may lift the base elbow from the support so the tiabine
would have to suppat the weight of the pipe. nie expansion of the vertical mn of pipe would relieve the pipe
hanger of its ioad so the Mbine would again have to
suppattheweightofthepipe.
Figure 8-12
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT
'Ihe btrbine manufmurershonldbecoI1sulted toassure

that the turbine car^ withstand forces and moments which
wiU be imposed by Cdd-spning piping in the cald condih.
Auihorired EngineeringInformation 6-21-1979.
8.4.5 FoicesDuetoDeadWeigM
nie dead weight of the pipmg should be ea~tireiysup
pmcdbypipehangersorsupports.Therearebasicallytwo
-rigid and m
g
.
Rigid supports
types Of
necesSay*=ted expansion joint is used
If an expansion joint with restraint

''ngtierodsisused,
either a rigid pipe hanger or a bitse elbow with a siidhg oc
rolling contact surface may be used as shown m fim
8-13.
When the thrustdue toan expansionjointis less than the
exhaust flange limits and no resminhg tie rods are used,
the pipe shwld have an anchor as shown in Figure 8-14.
Since this condition rarely exists, it is better to use the
pn?fdarrange.mentsasshownin figure 8-13 andeliminate as mpch pipe reaction aspossiilerather rhanjustsiay
withinthelimits.
spnnghangersorsupportsare best suited to carry the
dead weight when thereis thermai e x p s i o n to be considered. n i e movement of the pipe may change the spring
tension or compression a sma amount, and the banger
loadings snaii amount, but may not remove the idfmm
the banger. Pubiished manuals oc1 pipe design provide
infonnatimon hangerspacingtogivepoper suppost Ia
additiontothis,itmaybefoundnecessarytoaddadditioaal

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table 8-2
Temperature Rangesfor Forcesand Moments
6470247 0524340 715
SM 23-1991
Page 41
Where:
Resuitant fme (pounds) at the CMnection. mis includes pessure forces

Whereunreseauied
'
expansion joinis are
used except on vertical down exhausts
Full vacuum load isallowedon Vertical
down exhaust flanges. It is not included
as part of the piping load frwn Figrire 8-15:
FR=
FR=-
Figure 8-13
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT W i l H RESTRAINED
MR= Resultant moment (foot-pads) at Lhe connecth

from Figure 8-15
MR=~ M ? + M ~ ~ + M ?
De = Nominal pipe sizeof ihe conne~tionin inches ~p
to eight inches in diameter.
For sizes greater than this, use a vaiue of
De =
3
VERTICAL
WPANSION JOINT
Fy
Figure &14
DEAD WEIGHT SUPPORT WiTH UNRESTRAINED MPANSIONJOINT
sqpnts or mweexisting supports ifresonant vibration
appearsinthepiping.
Aspring support should not be used to appose the titrust
ofanexpansianjointWhcnthepnssureisnmovedh
the line, the sping support may e x m a force the same as
the expansionjoint ally m ihe opposite direction.
wbigineemg-
8.4.6
'
6-21-1979.
AlkWable Fomes and Moments on Steam

Turbines
'Ibefcesandmantntsachgonstcamairbinesduem
thesteam inlet,entraction,andexhaustconnectionsshould
be limited by the following:

8.4.6.1 nie totai resutmt force and totai resuitant moment imposedon thetucbimat any connection shwldnot
exceed the values per Limit 1.
3FR + MR i;5oODe
(Limit 1)
/'
///
Il
z+
l
I
Figure 8-15
COMPONENTS OF FORCES AND MOMENTS
ON TURBINE CONSTRUCTION. POSiTiVE MoMENTS ROTATE COUNTERCLOCKWISE WHEN
VIEWED LOOKING INTO POSITIVE FORCES
8.4.6.2 The combined iiesdtants of the fmes and moments of the inlet, extraction, and exhaust connections,
resolved at the centerlines of the exhaust conndon
should not exceed the vaiues per Limit 2.
a. These resultant should not exceed:

2 F c + hfc I=OD,
Where:
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
/'

(Limit 2)
STD.NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1971 I6470247 0524343 b 5 L
Combined resultant ofinlet,extraction,

and exhaust fcuces, in poiincis.
Combined resuIcBnt ofinlet,extract&,
and exhaust momeum, and moments
resulting 6rom fon!es, in poond-feet
Diameser (in inches) of a circular opening
equal tothe total aleas oftheinle&exlraction,aaexhaust~gsuptoamiue
of 9 inches in iameer. For values beyond

this. use a value of Dcquai to:
~asde~byapplicabecodesaud~bad=
ia.
Authorized Engineering Infomiatkn 11-14-1985.
8.4.6.5 See Sample problems 8 4 B and 8C for examplesof how thesef m and momat limitationsareqplied
toturbineinstallati0
-0s.
85 DRAINPIPING
IndividualdrainpipmgshOuldbe~withsbiiton
valvesortraps.
8. LEAK-OFFS
L e a k 4 should be piped dhxtly to an Opern iidn
ventedtotheatmosphexew i b o u t v a h r e s o r a
~
to a combsue recway system. The pipe sixmid be
adequately sized to avoid pmsure bdup.
AuthociredEngineeiinqInformatian
. 11-14-1965.
8.7 FULLFLOWREUEF VALVE
Thetnrbinecasingaadmtanalpartsshdbcp.otected
a~texcesSivep.essinrebytheinstallaaon
'
of afu-fow
relief valve. The relief valve is connected into tht piping
system between the aubiueexhaustconnectieo and the
nrst shutd valve. niis relief valve should not be coafused with the sentbel warning valve whichwhcn sup
pli& is maunteon the Mbine casing.
The full-flow relief device should be provided by the
user aspart of the piping mstallationwhich iswrtanal to
the tulbme. In COILdtLIsm
* g appiicaoioar,a f
an-flowdicf
valve or nipun disc may be pm&d as plin of the
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Authorired a nee ring Lnf#maEkn 11-14-1985.
c-thttiirbiat.
The size of the r n - hdevice diaildbe such that it
willexhausttotheatm~the~mn<Ipansityof
(as. bytheabinemanufrictunr)whidi
wiupassthroughthe~~withmaxmnimiinitial
steamconditions.
For condensrn
* g sabines, the full-flow
device
should give full relief at no more than 10 psi POkni
(3allge)l.
Fot exlmtion Mbines ur back-tuhiDe& the
fall-flow relief device shopldapen at 10psi om)
Q 10
~t(whichcvcrisgrtaoa)abovetbemaxmiunwrtasction~armaxmiumexhaastpresnnie.Therew
device shalt give full relief atm mae thsn 10 pacent
abovethe"start-to-open" pcwsure.
fthehigh-~-pessweorhighextractimorIiriminnirn
~tripisfirmishedthereucfdevicepiesarresshopld
braised 5 ppi 135 &(gaugc)l a n d t h C b i @ - ~ j ~ ~ +
s r ~ etrip should be set at the above
sure.

S T D a N E f l A SM 23-ENGL L991
b470247 0524342 5 9 8
m
SM 23-1991
page 43
2
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
6
6
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
6
6
6
6
6
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
12
12
12
12
12
12
16
16
16
16
6
8
6
8
8
10
12
16
18
20
24
30
36
12
16
18
20
2A
30
36
12
16
18
20
24
30
36
48
12
16
18
20
2r)
30
36
48
18
20
2.4
U)
36
48
24
30
36
48
316
412
335
427
447
480
511
575
607
640
706
804
.904
524
585
616
648
712
810
908
540
5981
628
659
722
817
915
1111
560
614
643
673
733
827
923
1117
661
689
747
839
932
1125
781
867
957
1143
791
1031
839
1068
1118
1199
1277
1437
1518
1600
1764
2011
2259
1309
1462
in1
1620
1781
2025
mi
1351
495
1571
1648
1804
2044
2287
2n8
1401
1536
1608
1682
1833
2068
2307
2793
1651
1722
1868
2096
2331
2812
1952
2167
2391
2858
632
825
671
854
894
959
1022
1150
1215
1280
1411
1609
1807
1047
1170
1232
1296
1425
1620
1817
1M1
11%
1257
1318
1443
1635
1829
2222
1121
1229
1286
1345
1467
1654
1845
2234
1321
1377
1494
167
1865
2249
1561
1733
1913
2287
1581
2062
1677
2136
2236
2398
2554
2874
3037
3200
3528
4022
4518
2618
2924
3081
3240
3562
4050
4541
2702
2991
3141
3295
3608
4087
4573
5555
2802
3072
3216
3363
3667
4135
4614
5586
3303
3444
3736
4193
4662
5623
3904
4333
4783
5716
791
1031
839
1068
1118
1199
1277
1437
1518
1600
1764
2011
2259
1309
1462
1541
16u)
1781
791
1031
839
1068
1118
1199
1277
1437
1518
1600
1764
m11
2259
1309
1462
1541
1620
1781
A125
2Q25
2271
1351
1495
1571
1648
2271
1351
14%
1571
1648
1804
2044
1804
2044
2287
2778
1401
1536
1608
1682
1833
2068
237
2793
1651
1722
1868
20%
2331
2812
1952
2167
2391
2858

2287
2718
1401
1536
1608
1682
1833
u168
2307
2793
1651
1722
1868
2096
2331
2812
1952
2167
2391
2858
STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL L99L
bY70247 0524343 4 2 4 IFI
SM 23-1991
Page 44
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
~shauldbenoairpocketsinthegrout.Aftertbegront
is dry, connect the piping, flly tighten the foundatim
bolts,and recheck me aiignment.
Amixtureof cement and h e sand isnormay usedas
grout, 'ihm are other mateaals availabie which bave
proven tmxcssM. Care mustbeexcrcisein tbe used
matajals whicb expami while setting, as they may OVQ
expaad and prescrit mare of a problem tban mven~onai
materials such as cement and sand,which have atendency
to shtmk d&hdy.
8-16 a d 8-17 -t
typicai
i l s a a h s d a r e ~ t e d o n l as
y guide&)
Aulhailled Engineering- 1
11-14-1oe5.
aio FLUSHING OIL SYSTEM

When a foxwd-feed lubrication system is provided,
flushing of the iubricatbn system should be perfarmed
prior to the initial start-up in accordance with the

man~srecommendations.
Authorized Engimefing Infomatiori 11-14-1985.
8.10.1 mushing oil shoold be compatiile with the finai

airbiae oil.
aios oil should be circulatedtbmgh the entiresystem

as long as necessary to remove or to flush parrialate
matter back tothe oil reservoir. Aperiodic checkof theoil
filtas or temporary screens should m e as a guide to
detenninewtienmeoil isclean.
Authorized Engineemg Inforniath 11-14-1985.

= 6470247 0524344 360

SM 23-1991
Page 45
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Support Foot
Mounting Pad
Baseplate
Anchor Bolt
Anchor Nut
Shims
Foundation
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Figm8-16
BASEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EWIPMENT

S T D I N E M A SM 23-ENGL L99L
H 6470247 05243q5 2T7
SM 23-1991
Page46,
1.
Support Foot
2. Soieplate
3. Hold-down Bolt
Anchor Bolt
5. Anchor Nut
4.
6. Shims
7. Foundation
Figure 8-17
SOLEPLATE MOUNTED TURBINE AND DRIVEN EQUIPMENT
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD-NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1791
6470247 0524346 133
m
SM 23-1991
Page 47
mleproMem8A
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTSON STEAM TURBINES
(31027)+ 680 5 (soo)(8)
1661S4ooois true so forces aadmomitsoa the
inlet flangeare within acptablelimits f a exhaust
&&
2 Check combined R E S U . M f o r aaad moment

ON THE ?'U..ZNE
Limit 2, Parap&
8.4.62.a.
Fx= 40-110= -7Olb

-100 - 250 = -350 Ib
Fy
Fz= - 70 + 180 t +110 lb
I&=
200+500=+700Ib-ft
M y s 150+300=+450bft
ExhaustFange
& = -11Olb
Fy= -25olb
&= +180lb
I&=+XI0 lbft
My= +ux) lbft
&= +350lb-ft
check to see if these farces and moma@are w i t h
NEMAguidclinea
1. ~ R E S U L T A N T f ~ d m o m c aONINDIts
VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1. paragrriph
8.4.6.1.
&e - l m + 350 = +230 lbft

F&70)z+(-350)z+(110)2-=
373 lb
F~~(700)z+(450)2+(230)2
= 863 lb-ft
Nominai inlet Flange Area =
= 1257 ir?
4
Nominai~Fl8ngcArea.:
= 50.27 Si2
4
Totai Fiange Area = 1257 + 50.27 = 6284 in2
Dc=
= 8.%in.(Nocozrectiori
x
ntedtdbwvalues
9 m.aad Smaller.)
m2
m2
~=~(40)2+(-100)2+(-70)z= 128 lb
Allowpbk Foroes and Moments
Fx= 50&= 447lb

F y = 125&= 11181b
Fz=loO&s 8Wlb
& = 250&=2236bft
My 125 Dc = 1118 l-ft
&= 125Dc=1118l-ft
Magnitu~oftheactualforcesandmomentscaicuiate
in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the allowable
ExbaustFiange
F~=~(-110)~+(-250)~+(180)'=
327 ib
magnitudescalculatedabove.Therefaile.thecornponen~~
of rhe combined farce and moments on the turbine are
WithinNEMAgUidelines.
Resultsfrompipts 1,2,&3 of this problem show that
forces and moments imposed by the piping system are
WithinallNEMAgUidelines.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

STD.NEMA
S I 23-ENGL
L97L
6470247 0524347 07T
SM 23-1991
Page 48
Sample Problem88
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS ON STEAM TURBINES
A condensing turbine has a 6 inch side inlet and an 36
inch down exhaust. Analysis of the steam piping system
pqxsed for the turbine has determined that the components dthe forces and moments imposed on the iniet and
exhaustflanges(cxcludingfarceontheexhaust~~due
IoprrssureforcesinttKumesaained
*
expansionjointinthe
exhaust line.) will be 8s tabulated below.
Inlet Fiange
Fr= +901b
Fy= -1zolb
Fz= + m l b
Mx= -350 lb-ft
My= +200 lb-ft
Mz= +150 Ib-ft
De =
(16+36)=17.33 inches
(3)(2!50)
+ O 500 (17.33)
750 S8665istniesoforcesandmomentsoathecxhaustfiangearewithinNEMAguidelines.
2 Checkcombined RESJLTANTfacesandm~meat
ON THE TURBINE against Limit 2, Pamgmph
8.4.6.2.a
Fx= W+O= 901b
Fy = -150 - w ) = 400 Ib
Fz= 200+0=200lb
Mx = -350 + O = -350 lb-ft
My= 2OO+O=ux)lb-ft
I&=
150+0=15OIb-ft
F&O)2+(400)z+(2Ml)2 =456 Ib
&d(-350)2+(200)2+(1S0)2= 430 b-fi
. Nominai inlet Fiange Area =
= 28.3 in2
ExhaustFlange
Fx= O
F y = -250lb
FE=
O
Mx= O
My= O
&= O
4
Bellows area far the expansionjoint (obtained from
NominalExhaust
expansionjoint manufacturer) is 1030 square inches.
Fiange Area =zQ&hJ2
= 1017.9 in2
Resure f m &vel@ by full vacuum in the expan4
sionpintis:
Total Flange Area = 23.3 + 1017.9 = 1046.2 ia
(1030
= 15,141 Ib
(14.7
This is additional force in the -Ydirection.
Check to see if thest forces and moments are within
NEMAguidelines.
1. ~ k ~ U L T ~ f ~ ~ d r n ~ e n t s 0 N ~ ~ I Dc = 3
-i
= 18.166 in.
VIDUAL FLANGES against Limit 1, Paragraph
3
8.4.4 1.
2Fc+Mc525oDc Limit2
(2) (456) +4301250(18.166)
inlet Flange
1342s4542 is me so the resultant forces and
F~=~(!W)2+(-1S0)2+(200)'=
266 lb
moments are within NEMA guiWines.
M~=d(-350)~+(+C200)~+(150)~
=430 lb-ft
3. Check the COMPONENTS of the cunbined foi.ces
and moments ON THE lU..LVE against values
& = 6 inches (No correction needed for flanges
8" and smaller.)
calculated per Paragraph 8.4.6.2.b.
3FR+mS500& Limit1
From calculations in part 2,i
k = 18.166 in.
(3)(266) + 430 5 (500)(6)
1228S3 is true so facesand momentson the
inlet flange are within NEMA guidelines.
AUowable Forces and Momenis
Fx= 50Dc= 908lb Mx= w)Dc=4541Ib-ft
Fy=125Dc=2271lb My= 125Dc=2271lb-ft
ExhaustFange
Fz= 100Dc= 18171b &= 125&=2271bft
FR excludingpressweforce =
Magnicudesoftheactuaifonwaad~cntscalailated
d(0)2+(-250)2+(O)2
= 250 lb
in Part 2 of this problem are lower than the dowable
MR= d(0)2+(o,2+(O)2'=O ib
magnitudes calculated above. 'brefore, the cum-
m2
in3
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D - N E M A SM 23-ENGL
1971
b470247 0524348 TOb 9
SM 23-1991
Page 49
of Ik canbined fotces and Inomem on the turbine are
Total force on the exhaust fhnge is the vector total
WilhinNEhwgindClimes
4. aiecktoralformthetiabineexhaustfange
against h e limit pes jtaragrapb 8.4.6.3.
paragraph 8.4.6.3 statts that fame on the exhaust
flangc should not exceed 15-112 times the nominai
of pressme farce from iheexparrsionjoint and the

facescaicukd with
force excluded.
Total farce = -15,141- w)=-15391Ib
Results from parts 1.2.3 and4 ofthispmblm
show that forces and moments imposed by the
piping system are within ail NEMA guideiines.
Cxhaustarea
(1017.9in5 = i s m ~b
(i5-w)
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

M 6470247 0524347 742
Sample Problem8C
ALLOWABLE FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR A
TURBINE WITH FOUR EXTRACTION OPENINGS
Ara of opeahlp
Strofoprneei
ms<ruuc~-)
(UI 11
-
Inlet
14
EXamiQn#l 10
153.94
78.54
Extraction#2 8
50.26
Extraction#3 16
201.06
ExtracrionM 30
706.86
E;xhaust
148
17203.40
Fmd the diameter ofa circular opening equal to the total
8ceB
Equivalent Diameter =
4I133.W78.54+50.26+20 1.W7.86+1'1203.40)
Equivalent Diameter = 153.04 Eiches

Equivalent Dhmem must be corrected when value exceeds9inches
.
Dc =
= 57.01 inches
*
3
Calculate maximum allowable forces and moments
Fx = 50(57.01) = 2851 lb
Fy= 125(57.01)= 71261b
Fz= 100 (57.01)= 5701 lb
Mx = 250 (57.01)= 14253 lb-ft
My = 125 (57.01)= 7126lb-ft

Mz = 125 (57.01)= 7126 lb-ft
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It

S T D * N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1991
b470247 0524350 bb4
SM 23-1991
Page 51
-Section9
OPERATION AND MNNTENANCE
9.1 INTRODUCTION
To ensure thatthe turbine receivestbe caeand artention
necessary and dfor this type of equipment, specific
iastnictionswithrespecttostartingup,shuaingdown,and
routine operation shouid be provided by the mufacturet
in the instruction manual fumisbed with the airbine.
Authtnized Engineeringk\fom\rmon
. 11-14-1985.
9s opmnoN
The following should be @vencareful consideration by
hopaator:
1. The steam supplied to the turbine should be free of
debris. To ensure maximum protection, steam lines
shouid be blown prior to Starting.
2. l h e steam turbine operator shouldbe aware of the
hazards associated with ccmtaminatioa of the p m
cess steam with agents which p r o m o t e stress
sim Cracking.
3. Avoid slugs of water and unduly wet steam.
4. Avoid great or sudden fluctuationsin pressure and
temperamre of steam supply.
5. proMbeanadequatesuppiyofcleanwaterfreef?om
acid or scale forming impurities for oil mlers,air
cooexs and the gand ccmdensing system.
6. Provide lubricating oil of proper quality and
characwtics, including initial flushing change.
7. Maintain a log of aperating conditions, including
steam inia pressures and t e m m stage pressures, oii pressures, exhaust pres~ures,whition,
and 50 fimdi. This is m
i -t
in predicting and
scheduling inspection outages.
8. Check trip valves or trip and throttle valve for Operation.
----9. c h e c k o v e a s p e e d t r i p a t ~
intervals.
10. Check auxiliary oil pumps.
e
Aurhwued EngineeringInurmebjon 11-14-1985.
9.3
NONCONDENSINGTURBINE OPERA..N
OF A MULTlsTAGECONDENSING
TURBINE
Noncondensing operation of a multistage condensing
turbine is not recommended unies approved by the manufiumnx. High exhaust pressme and temperanne can
cause last stage blade flutter,Casing distortion and damage
and misalignment with driven machines. An mcrease m
exhaust temperature and pressure may also afect pipiig
farces. (Seepiping f o a calcuiationS given in Section 8.)
Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985.
TYPICAL STARTING SEQUENCE FOR A

STEAM TURBINE
1. Open exhaust shut off valve.
2. Sfartcoolingwater.
3. Startlubri&onoilsyStem.
4. Startsteamsealsystem.
5. Opmcasedrains.
6. S& or m e t aip valve.
7. crack open isolating valve.
8. Aowcasingtoheatup.
9. Slowly upen isolating valve und governor Eakts
control (observe manufacturers instructions re
nard inn critical^.
10. h y &en isoladng ;alve.
11. Adjust governor speed.
12. closecasingdrains.
13. Monitor turbine operation untii stable operation is
achieved
9.4
Authorized Engineering Information 11-14-1985.
9.5 MAINTENANCE
9.5.1 Introduction
inspection and &ce
should follow manuf~auws
ioseuCtions. Frequency of inspection and degree of thoroughnessmay vary a n d a have tobe determhed by the
mainteamce personnel:
The foilowing is a typical maintenance program:
Daily
1. V i y inspect turbine for extemai damage and
leaks.
2 Check oil level in resewoirand governor.
3. Check for unusual vibration and noise levels.
4. Check oil temperatureand press&.
weekly
1. Check operation of auxiliary oil pump, if applicable.
2. Check operation of ail shut down devices.
3. Check that shafts are fite of oil or grease.
4. Exmise the tnp valve.
Monthly
1. Check overspeed governor.
2 Check foundation bolts for tighmess.
3. Checkoiandlter.
AMU~IY
Shut down the turbine and perfom the following:
1. Remove and clean steam strainer.
2. Check shaft seals f
a wear.
3. Check thrust bearing end piay.

4. Remove sentinel warning valve and check for
proper operation.
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D a N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL L99L
b b470247 0524353 5T0 9
SM 23-1991
Paga 52
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
berter to prevent tbe bu&i up of sotids than to bave to

removedepositsaf'tertheybavefonnexL
AuihorizedEngineehgInfomiabon
. 11-14-1985.
9.7 STEAMPURITY
Steam nub& users should be a m ob the hazards
associated with contamination of tbe steam by agents
which migtproniote stms cQnDGLos1 crackiag. solids
baiM up. eosirm, and corroaioa. conmmiaan@wichris
sodium, bydroxicks. chIodes, sulfates. copper.Itab and
sjlicacesmayresult inshoateaedturbineiifeandfaihaed
iutunalpar&s
of the turbine.
Since it is not possible to prescnbc the &grce of
coathatsteamnirine~cantoleratem
order to achieve the iong life expected of intemalturbine
canponcnts,onlyg~gui&lin~caIlbeoffd
Farsmalllow~applications,~mayaperate taisfactorily on steam havingpnity.limitssetby
the
.
A m e & m l 3 o i l e r ~see~=le~
9-1.
. .
Auhized~neeringinfomiaiiar
. 11-14-1985.
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6470247 0524352 437 W
SM 23-1991
Page 53
Table 9-1
WATERTUBE BOILERS RECOMMENDED BOILER WATER UMil'S
AND ASSOCIATED STMM PURITY AT STEADY WATE FULL
LOAD OPERATION DRUM TYPE BOILERS
0-300
3014%
451-600
601-79
751-900
901-1Ooo
0-2068
2069-3103
3104-4137
4138-5171
5172-6206
6207-6895
700-3500
600-uxx)
5002500
140-700
12O-600
1CNMM
#)(11OOO
40-m
150- 750
125- 625
30-150
25-125
15
10
8
3
2
1
0.2 1.0
0.2 1.0
0.2 1.0
0.1 - 0 5
0.1 - 0 5
0.1 05
Table 9-2
SEAM PURITY- LIMITS
conductivity-
Micn>mhoslcm at Z 0 C
Dnun
0.3
nce dirough
0.2
SiO, ppb. max

Fe,ppb, m a
Cu,
max
e,
Na+K,ppb,Up to 800 psi [5516kPa (gauge)]

801 to 1450 psi 15517 to 9998 kPa(gauge)]
1451 to 2400 psi [9999 to 16548 kPa(gauge)]
Over 24O psi [over 16548 kPa(gauge)]
1.o
0.5
50
50
10
20
20
3
20
20
10
5
10
5
3
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

S T D g N E M A SM 23-ENGL 1791 I 6470247 0524353 373
SM23-1991
pases
Section 10
INQUIRY GUIDE
(Authorized Engineering Information)
Job No.
Item No.
inquiry order No.
pinrchase Chder No.
Revisim
Sk.
savice
ManuEacMa
No. Required:
Driven Equip.
Model
GearYesJNo
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Previous page
is blank.
sM23-1991
Page 56
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mut
Mamifactunr'sstandard

S T D * N E M A Sfl 23-ENGL 1991
6470247 0524355 L 4 b
SM23-1991
Page 57
Factory Tests
Hydo test
No-load running test
DynamiCbalancerotor
site utilities
cooling w8t#:
coding wata:
Electrid supply:
Conml(s)
Motaro
NOM
other
Brackish
Fresh
Tempcracure-
d
d
c
volts
volts
Air Supply
Site Environment
Ambient tempexatwe
Elevation
Maximm
Environment Rdection at Site (Sor i )

Enclosed
SheltfXd
Hz
Hz
phase
phase
pressiire
Minimm
outdooa
other
For
monthss!crragepriortowartup
S = Storage
I = Installation
Drawings and Data to be Supplied

certifiedoutlinedrawings
Recommendedspanpamlist
Instnicdonbooks
other
No.

--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Remarks
--`,`,`,`,,`,`,,,```,````,``,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
MA


NEMA-23 - Compressor and Turbines Modul

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NEMA Standards Publication No.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

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Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

NEMA Standards Publication No. SM 23-1991 (R1997)

Steam Tuhines for Mechanical Dive Service

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

6470247 0524297 714

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

Induction Steam Pressure ................................

NonpFessure?lSpeLubncation(Single stage lbbines)

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

piping and Instnunentation

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

STD.NEMA Sfl 23-ENGL 1991 m b470247 0524300 039

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

6470247 0524303 T75

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

6470247 0524304 784

Spcjficprionfor Soundikwl Meters

Can Iron Pipe Flanges mid Flanged Fttings,Class25,125,250anW

The S t a d a d sf the IIqmsion Jont Matu#actmrs AssocirrtiOn (1980)

volume of steam bappad betweem the turbine and a trip

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

STDmNEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991 W b 4 7 0 2 4 7 O524305 bLO

ResiSEnace lkmperaure Detector (RTD)-A device

SpeeiTied Conditions-Specified conditiolls are aU

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

STD*NEMA SM 23-ENGL 1991

clsssified by Exhaust conditkns

2.1.1 .I NO"DPISING TURBINE

21.12 CONDENSING TURBINE

NEMA SIPndard 6-21-1979.

NEMAStandard 1-30-91. 2.1 6 4

2.1 2.2 SINGLEVALVEMULTISTAGE

2.1 9.3 MULTIVALVE

NEMA spnd9id 6-21-1979.

2.1 9.4 YULTIVALVE

2.1 3.2 N O " T R 0 U D EXTRACTlN TURBYSE

A controlled (automatic) extraction turbine is a steam

COPYRIGHT 2003; National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Document provided by IHS Licensee=Kellogg Borwn & Root/3262700001, User=,

H 6470247 0524307 493

2.2.8.1.1 Aptsure impulse ur Rateau stage coLIsi8t8 d

2.28.1 CASING SHAFT SEALS

Interstage shaft seals minimize the leakage of steam