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LESSON 1

Base Quantities
The physical quantities which are used as the basis
for the measurement and cant be derived from other
physical quantities.
There are five base quantities as shown in the
following table:

Understanding Physics
The study of the laws that determine the structure of
the universe with reference to the matter and energy
of which it consists.
The study was divided into separated fields; heat , the
properties of matter, light, sound ,wave, electricity,
magnetism, mechanics, nuclear physics etc.
In physics , there is the need to make careful
observations, precise and accurate measurements.
Understanding natural phenomena and observing
everyday objects such as a table, a mirror etc and
discuss how they are related to physics concepts has
always been a central aim of physics.
The roots of all science are firmly based in
experiment. Of course , mastering scientific skills
applying scientific knowledge must be the important
thing to learn physics.

Base
quantity

Symbol

Unit name

Unit
Abbreviation

Measured
by

Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Current

Physical Quantities

Derived Quantities

Physics is based on measurement. We discover


physics by learning how to measure the quantities
that are involved in physics and we call its as
physical quantities.

The physical quantities which were derived from base


quantities by multiplication operation or devision
operation or both
There are three examples for derived quantities as
shown in the following table.

The meaning of Physical Quantities


Physical quantities are quantities that can be
measured.
Examples of physical quantities are length, mass,
time, weight, pressure, current and force.
A physical quantity is a property ascribed to
phenomena, objects, or subtaces that be quantified.
Example are:
(i) Frequency of oscillation frequency is the
quantity and oscillation is the phenomenon
(ii) Length of a wooden block Length is the
quantity and the wooden block is an object
(iii) Density of water density is the quantity and the
water is the substance

Derived
quantity

Symbol

In term of
the base
quantities

Derived unit

Unit
Abbreviation

Area
Velocity
Density

Example 1
State the following derived quantities in terms of the
base quantities.
(a) Acceleration
(Hint: Acceleration = change of velocity )
time
(b) Momentum
(Hint : Mometum = mass x velocity )

There are two types of the physical quantities,


Base quantities
Derived quantities

Solution

Example 2
State the base units for the following derived
quantities:
(a) Force
(Hint : Force = mass x acceleration )

TUTORIAL 1
1

(b) Impulse
(Hint : Impulse = change of momentum)

Which one of the following is not a base


quantity?
A
C

(c) Work
(Hint : Work = force x displacement)
2
Solution :

B
C
D

A scalar is any quantity with size (magnitude) but


without specified direction.
Examples of scalar quantities include mass, time,
length, temperature, energy, work, speed and
pressure.

Ampere
Second

addition operation or subtraction


operation
addition operation or subtraction
operation or both
multiplication operation or devision
operation
multiplication operation or devision
operation or both

gram
kilogram

B
D

miligram
mikrogram

Length
Temperature

B
D

Time
Mass

Which of the derived quantities is the


combination of a base quantities only?
A
B
C

B
D

Which one of the base quantities is not involve


in force?
A
C

A vector is any quantity with size (magnitude) and


specified direction.
Examples of vector quantities are displacement,
weight, force, velocity, acceleration and momentum.

Celsius
Kilogram

The S.I. base unit for mass is


A
C

Scalar and Vector quantities

Weight
Time

All derived quantities can be derived from base


quantities by
A

B
D

Which one of the following is not a base


unit?
A
C

Length
Current

Force
Volume
Acceleration

Which one of the following pairs of derived


quantities is true?
A
B
C
D

B
C
D

15

Ruler
Stop watch
Triple beam balance

16

B
D

1
2
3

Which of the following pairs of physical


quantities and S.I. units is true?

17
S.I. Unit
Kg m s-2

Area
Weight
Power
Density

S.I. unit
foot squared
Kilogram
Joules per minute
Kilograms per
metre cubed

Which one of the following is true?


A The S.I. units of charge is A s
B The S.I. units of volume is cm 3
C The S.I. units of velocity is km j - 1
D The S.I. units of acceleration is cms- 2
A physical quantitiy is given by
M=ed2
where the unit of e is unit kilogram and the unit
of d is metre. The units of M are
A
C
E

Momemtum
Pressure

Which one of the following is true?


Type of
Physical
physical
quantity
quantity
A
Derived
Momemtum
quantity

A
B
C

A
B
C
D

Length
Mass
Time

Velocity
Force

Temperature

Physical
quantitiy

Which one of the following derived quantities


contains length and time only?
A
B

12

14

Which one of the following apparatus is not


be used to measure the density of a metal
cube?
A
B
C

11

The weight of an astronaut on the Moons


surface is 10 N.
The velocity of a cyclist rides a bycle is
70 km j-1
The perimeter of a field is 380 m
The power of a lamp is 60 W.

Which one of the base quantities is not involve


in acceleration?
A
B
C

10

Work and mass


Force and current
Pressure and temperature
Weight and potential difference

Which of the following physical quantities is a


base quantity
A

13

o
Base quantitiy
C
Derived
Work
kg m 2 s -2
quantity
D
Basie
Area
m2
quantitiy
The kinetic energy of a moving object is given
by
E=mv2
where m = mass and v = velocity. The number
of the base quanrtities involve in the kinetic
energy ,E is or are

B
C

kg 2 m
kg m 2
kg 2 m 2

B
D

The period of oscillation for an inertial balance


is given by
T2= km
where
T = The period of oscillation and the unit is

s,
m = Mass and the unit is kg

kg - 2 m
kg m - 2

k = constant
The units of k are
22
A

18

19

kg- 1 s 2
D kg- 2 s-1

The power of a student to run up a stair is given


by the equation
Power = force X displacement
time
(a) State the base quantities contain
in the equation above.

A
C

....................................................................
(b) State the power in term of base quantities.

Weight
Force

B
D

Volume
Acceleration

Which of the followinq quantity is a vector


quantity.
Work
Velocity

B
D

20

Power
Distance

Which one of the following pairs of vector


quantities is true?
A
B
C

21

Which of the followinq quantity is a scalar


quantity.

A
C
20

kg s2
C kg s
E kg2 s

....................................................................
The Newtons law of universal gravitation state,
the gravitational attraction force, F is directly
proportional to the product of the mass ,m and
M of two bodies and inversely proportional to
the square of distance ,R between them.
The law is given by the equation
F=GmM
R2

Impulse and area


Power and pressure
Weight and velocity

Based on the equation,

(a) The current flows through a metal


conductor is is defined by the equation

(a) give one example of


(i) the base quantities

current = charge
time
(ii)
Based on the equation, which of the
quantities above are
(i)

base quantities

(ii)

.......................................................
derived quantities

..
the derived quantities.

..
(iii) the vector quantities
...
(b) The S.I. units of F,m ,M and R

.......................................................
(b) What are the S.I.units of charge?
...............................................................
(c) The S.I. units of G

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