A Series of Mathematical

For Colleges

Texts

Edited by
EARLE RAYMOND HEDRICK

TABLES
AND

OT,HER

OF

INTEGRALS

MATHEMATICAL

DATA

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TABLES OF INTEGRALS AND

OTHER MATHEMATICAL DATA

HERBERT

BRISTOL

DWIGHT,

D.Sc.

Professor of Electrical Machinery

Massachusetts Instatute of Technology

THIRD

EDITION

.New York

THE

MACMILLAN

COMPANY

Third

Edition

@ The Macmillan

Company

All rights reserved-no

part of this book may
form without permission in writing from the
reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages
review written for inclusion in magazine

Printed

in the United

1957

be reproduced in any
publisher, except by a
in connection with a
or newspaper.

States of America

Firsl Printing

Previous editions copyright, 1934, 1947,

by The Marmillan
Company

Library

of Congress catalog card number: 57-7909

.~

PREFACE

TO THE

FIRST

EDITION

The first study of any portion of mathematics should not be

done from a synopsis of compact results, such as this collection.
The references, although they are far from complete, will be
helpful, it is hoped, in showing where the derivation of the results
is given or where further similar results may be found.
A list
of numbered references is given at the end of the book. These
are referred to in the text as Ref. 7, p. 32, etc., the page number being that of the publication to which reference is made.
Letters are considered to represent real quantities unless otherwise stated.
Where the square root of a quantity is indicated,
the positive value is to be taken, unless otherwise indicated.
Two vertical lines enclosing a quantity represent the absolute or
numerical value of that quantity, that is, the modulus of the
quantity.
The absolute value is a positive quantity.
Thus,
log I- 31 = log 3.
The constant of integration is to be understood after each
integral.
The integrals may usually be checked by differentiating.
In algebraic expressions, the symbol log represents natural
or Napierian logarithms, that is, logarithms to the base e. When
any other base is intended, it will be indicated in the usual
manner.
When an integral contains the logarithm of a certain
quantity, integration should not be carried from a negative to a
positive value of that quantity.
If the quantity is negative, the
logarithm of the absolute value of the quantity may be used,
since log (- 1) = (2k + 1) ?ri will be part of the constant of
integration
(see 409.03). Accordingly, in many cases, the logarithm of an absolute value is shown, in giving an integral, so as
to indicate that it applies to real values, both positive and
negative.
Inverse trigonometric functions are to be understood as referring to the principal values.
Suggestions and criticisms as to the material of this book and
as to errors that may be in it, will be welcomed.
v

vi

PREFACE

The author desires to acknowledge valuable suggestions from

Professors P. Franklin, W. H. Timbie, L. F. Woodruff, and
F. S. Woods, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
H. B. DWIGHT.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

December, 1933.

PREFACE

TO THE

SECOND

EDITION

A considerable number of items have been added, including

groups of integrals involving
(ax2

62~

fP2,

r+kx

and

cos

also additional material on inverse functions of complex quantiA probability integral table (No.
ties and on Bessel functions.
1045) has been included.
It is desired to express appreciation for valuable suggestions
from Professor Wm. R. Smythe of California Institute of Technology and for the continued help and interest of Professor Philip
Franklin of the Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
HERBERT B. DWIGHT.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS.

PREFACE

TO THE

THIRD

EDITION

In this edition, items 59.1 and 59.2 on determinants have been

added. The group (No. 512) of derivatives of inverse trigoOn page 271
nometric functions has been made more complete.
material is given, suggested by Dr. Rose M. Ring, which extends
the tables of ez and e-z considerably, and is convenient when a
calculating machine is used.
Tables 1015 and 1016 of trigonometric functions of hundredths
of degrees are given in this edition on pages 220 to 257. When
calculating machines are used, the angles of a problem are

PREFACE

vii

usually given in decimals. A great many trigonometric formulas

involve addition of angles or multiplication
of them by some
quantity, and even when the angles are given in degrees, minutes,
and seconds, to change the values to decimals of a degree gives
the advantages that are always afforded by a decimal system
compared with older and more awkward units.
In such cases,
the tables in hundredths of degrees are advantageous.
HERBERT B. DWIGHT
LEXINGTON, MASS.

38

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

Integrals
170.

Involving

dX

s a4 + x4

FUNCTIONS
Crrf x4

x2 + ax42 + a2
x2 - ax42 + a2
1
+

170.1.

x dx
=
s a4 + x4

170.2.

x2dx
-a4 + x4 = - &kx2
s

x3dx
= a log (a + x4),
s a4 + x4

171.3.
s
173.

x3dx
= - alog Ia4 - x41.
a4 - x4

dx
= -&og
s x(a + bxm)

ax42

tJan-l

-0
a2 _

tan-

-.
($2 -

x2 + ax42 + a2
- ax42 + a2
1
+

170.3.

275&j$j

Zm
.
I a + bxm I

-2

x2

ax42
x2

CONTENTS
P&m

ITEMwo.
1. ALGEBRAIC

...............................

FUNCTIONS.

.....................
60. Algebraic Functions-Derivatives.
...............
80. Rational Algebraic Functions-Integrals.
...............
180. Irrational
Algebraic Functions-Integrals.
400.

TRIGONOMETRIC

427. Trigonometric
429. Trigonometric

FUNCTIONS.

14
16
39
73
87
87

...........................

Functions-Derivatives.
Functions-Integrals.

.................
...................

500. INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS. ...................

..........
512. Inverse Trigonometric
Functions-Derivatives.
............
515. Inverse Trigonometric
Functions-Integrals.

112
115
116

FUNCTIONS. .............................
550. EXPONENTIAL
...................
563. Exponential
Functions-Derivatives.
.....................
565. Exponential
Functions-Integrals.

125
126
126

585. PROBABILITY

129

INTEGRALS.

..............................

600. LOGARITHMIC FUNCTIONS. .............................

.....................
610. Logarithmic
Functions-Integrals.

130
133

650. HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. ..............................

....................
667. Hyperbolic
Functions-Derivatives.
......................
670. Hyperbolic
Functions-Integrals.

143
146
147

700. INVERSE HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS. ......................

.............
728. Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions-Derivatives.
...............
730. Inverse Hyperbolic
Functions-Integrals.

156
160
160
. 168

750. ELLIPTIC FUNCTIONS. .........................

...............
768. Elliptic Functions-Derivatives.
.................
770. Elliptic Functions-Integrals.

. . . . . . 170
. . . . . . 170

800. BESSEL FUNCTIONS. ..........................

...................
835. Bessel Functions-Integrals.

. . . . . . 174
. . . . . . 191

840. SURFACE ZONAL HARMONICS.

850. DEFINITE

INTEGRALS.

890. DIFFERENTIAL

..................

........................

EQUATIONS.

............................

ix

. 192

. . . . . . 194
204

CONTENTS
APPENDIX
A. TABLES OF NUMERICAL

VALUES ............................

PAGE
209

TABLE

1000.
1005.
1010.
1011.
1012.
1015.
1016.

Values of du2 + b2/a .............................

Gamma Function .................................
Trigonometric Functions (Degrees and Minutes). ....
Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds to Radians. .........
Radians to Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds...........
Trigonometric Functions: Sin and Cos of Hundredths
of Degrees.......................................
Trigonometric Functions: Tan and Cot of Hundredths
of Degrees.......................................
Logarithms to Base 10. ...........................
Natural Logarithms ...............................
Exponential and Hyperbolic Functions ..............
Complete Elliptic Integrals of the First Kind. .......
Complete Elliptic Integrals of the Second Kind. .....
Normal Probability Integral. ......................
Bessel Functions. .................................
Some Numerical Constants. .......................
Greek Alphabet ..................................

210
212
213
218
219
220

B. REFERENCES .............................................

238
258
260
264
272
274
275
276
283
283
284

INDEX.....................................................

287

1020.
1025.
1030.
1040.
1041.
1045.
1050.
1060.
1070.

TABLES
AND

OTHER

OF INTEGRALS
MATHEMATICAL

DATA

TABLES OF INTEGRALS AND OTHER

MATHEMATICAL DATA
ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS
+ n(n - l)(n - 2) ti
31
nl
+ . . . + (n - qrtX'
+ -***

(1 + a$ = 1 + nx +@2, - llx2

I.

Note that, here and elsewhere, we take O! = 1. If n is a positive integer,

If n is not a positive
the expression consists of a finite number of terms.
integer, the series is convergent for 1 < 1; and if n > 0, the series is conmef. 21, p. 88.1
vergent also for x2 = 1.

2.

The coefficient

of z+ in No. 1 is denoted by

Values are given in the following

TABLE

OF

i
4

:1

BINOMIAL

COEFFICIENTS

2
5

10

;fl

values of T in top row

ip-pq
+p+p

N.B.
N.B.

Sum
Sum of any
any two
two adjanumbers
numbers
in ame
same row
row is
is
equal to number just below
the right-hand one of them.

ii

x
7t

10

or ,C,.

table.

,C;: Values of n in left column;

oll
1
===,=r=zwm=----===,=Yzzzwm=-----

:
0

i
6

cent

::

20

1;:

21
ii

56
35

l%i
tz

126
:A

ii::

t3

1%

2io

252

210

13260

45

t
1
4:

1:

For a large table see Ref. 59, v. 1, second section, p. 69.

3.

n(n -- 1)
n(n - l)(n
(1 - x)* = 1 - nx + -2r
x2 3!
+ . . . + (-- l)r(n f&!

- 2) ~
+ -**-

[See Table 2 and note under No. 1.1

4.

(a&x)=al(l*gn.
1

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

4.2.

(1 f z)~ = 1 f 2x + x2.

4.3.

(1 f x)3 = 1 f 3x + 3x2 f 2.

4.4.

(1 f x) = 1 f 4x + 6x2 f 4d + 9,

and so forth, using coefficients from Table 2.

5.1.
[x2 2 11.
5.2.
[x 5 11.
5.3.

(1&42 y *ix

!A29

-LAx2*

2-4-6

[x2 5 11.
5.4.

(1fx)~~=1*;x+~x+$-6za
+ g#?+

5.5.

(1 *zy2

=F ;..&.!.gy&+

= 1 *;x

+ - * *,

[x2 s 11.

+
[x2 5 11.

6.

(1

gp

7.

nx

n2T

(1 _ x)-?a = 1 + nx + n(n2t

(a f x)d

1)

$2

(n+r-l)!
1) @, _ l)ir!

*-- + (-

8.

1) ,&2

+(n+T-l)!xr+

(72 - l)! r!

= u-n (1 f y,

n(n

13)r(n

xr + -**>
+

n(n

,1

. .

2)

$3

[x2 < 11.

+

2)

$3

[x2 < 1-J.

[x2 < a2].

SERIES AND FORMULAS

1.5.9.13 tiT
+ 4.8.12.16
9.02.

. . ..

[z < 11.

1.4.7$
3.6.9

(l&z)=lr;x+~PT-

cs < a

[a9 < 11.

[a+ < 11.

[a+ < 11.

9.06.

(1 f z)+

=1=1=2~+3a+~2@+5ti=i=.*.,
[39 < 13.

9.07.

(1~x)42=1r~a+5~~d~5~6z

9.08.

(l&x)-*

= lrA{2.3~~3.4a++4.5$
=I=5.69 + .-a),

9.09.

(l&s)+

=ly&

(2~3.4~ =F 3.4~59 + 4+5.6x=

=F 5.6.7ti

9.10.

(1 f x)~

= 1 =F&

[cl+ < 11.

+ -.a],

(2.3.4.5s

+ 4.5.6.7a+ =I=5.6.7.W

[cl? < 11.

=F 3.4.5.6$
l

),

[39 < 11.

ALGEBRAIC

4
10.

2!
3!
4!
5!
6!
7!
S!
9!
lo!
ll!

=
2
=
6
=
24
=
120
=
720
=
5 040
=
40 320
=
362 880
= 3 628 800
= 39 916 800

FUNCTIONS
10.1.

l/2!
l/3!
l/4!
l/5!
l/6!
l/7!
l/8!
l/9!
l/10!
l/11 !

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

.5
.166 666 7
.041666 7
.008 333 3
.001388 9
.ooo 198 4
.OOO024 80
.OOO002 756
.OOO000 275 6
.OOO000 025 05

For a large table see Ref. 59, v. 1, second section, pp. 58-68.

n!
,limm nne--nll n = d PI.

11.

This gives approximate values of n! for large values of n. When n = 12

the value given by the formula is O.O07(n!) too large and when n = 20 it is
O.O04(n!) too large. [Ref. 21, p. 74. See also 851.4 and 850.4.1

21 =
211 =
212 =
213 =

1024.
2048.
4096.
8192.

12.

22 = 4.
23 = 8.
24 = 16.
25 = 32.

15.1.

(a + b +

15.2.
15.3.

c) E a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab - 2bc - 2ca.

(a+bc)~ s a2 + b2 + c2 - 2ab + 2bc - 2ca.
(a - b

16.

(a + b + c + Q2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + cl2 + 2ab + 2ac

+ 2ad + 2bc + 2bd + 2cd.

17.

(a + b + c) = a3 + b3 + c3 + 6abc
+ 3(a2b + ab2 + b2c + bc2 -I- c2a -I- ca).

20.1.

a + 2 = (a2 - S)/(n

20.11.

1 + 2 = (1 - x2)/(1 - ix).

20.2.

a2 + cm + Lx2= (a - Icr)/(a - z).

20.3.

a3 + a% + cd + 23 = (a - LJY)/(a - 2)
= (a2 + zi?)(a + z).

20.4.

a4 + a32 + u2L?J2
+ a$ + 2! = (a - Lc)/(a - Lx).

Zs = 64.
2 = 128.
2* = 256.
29 = 512.
c)

E a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca.

[The sign = expresses an identity.]

- 2).

SERIES

AND

FORMULAS

20.5.

c-9+ a4x + a3x2 + a2x3 + ax4 + x6

G (a - x>/(a -x)
= (a3+x3)(u2+ux+x2).

21.1.

a - 2 = (a2 - ~)/(a + 2).

21.2.

a2 - ax + x2 = (2 + $)/(a

21.3.

a3 - da: + ax2 - x3 = (G4 - xJ)/(a + x)

= (a + x)(a - x)*

21.4.

a4 - a32 + a2x2 - a2 + x4 = (a + x)/(a + x).

21.5.

a6 - cb4x+ a3x2 - a22 + ati - 2

E (a - x)/(a + 2) E (a - xy(a2 - ax + 9).

22,

a4 + a2x2 j- x4 = (a6 - x6)/(a2 - x2)

= (a + ux + x)(a2 - ux + xya

22.1.

a4 - a2x2 + ti = (d + x6)/(a2 + x2).

23.

a4 + x4 = (a2 + x2)2 - 2$x2

= (a2 + ax\2 + x)(a - ax42 + g>.

25. Arithmetic Progression

constant), to n terms,

+ x).

of the first order (ikst

differences

n+(a+d)+(a+2d)+(a+3d)+...+Ia$-(n--l)d!
Em+&2

- 1)d

= 3 (1st term + nth term).

26.

Geometric

Progression,

to n terms,

a + ar + ar2 + aA + - -. + urn-l = a(1 - r)/(l

= a(? - l)/(r
26.1. If r2 < 1, the limit
terms is a/(1 - r).

of the sum of an infinite

- r)
- 1).
number

of

27. The reciprocals of the terms of a series in arithmetic progression of the first order are in Harmonic Progression.
Thus
1
-9
a

1
a+d

are in Harmonic

1
ad
Progression.

1
a + (n - 1)d

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

28.1.

The Arithmetic Mean of n quantities is

28.2.

The Geometric Mean of n quantities is

(a1 u2

28.3.

a3

* * - c&p.

Let the Harmonic Mean of n quantities be H.

Then

The arithmetic mean of a number of positive quantities

is 5 their geometric mean, which in turn is z their harmonic
mean.

28.4.

29. Arithmetic Progression of the kth order (kth differences

constant).
Series: UI, uz, ua, 0+- un.
First differences: dl, dz, d3, * . .
where dl = u2 - ul, dz = UI - UZ, etc.
Second differences: dl, dz, da, 00*
where dl = dy - dl, etc.
Sum of n terms of the series
n!
=(n-nl)!l!u1+(n-2)!Z!d1+(n-n~)!3!dl+*

If a numerical table consists of values un of a function at

equal intervals h of the argument, as follows,

29.01.

f@> = Ul, f(a + h) = 242, f(a + 2h) = US, etc.,

then
f(a + ph) = u1 + pd; + p(p2; ) 4
+ P(P - )(P - 2, &U, + , . .
3!

where p < 1 and where dl, dl, etc., are given by 29. The
coefficients of dl, dl, dl I, etc., are called Gregory-Newton

SERIES

AND

FORMULAS

For numerical values of these coInterpolation

Coefficients.
efficients see Ref. 44, v. 1, pp. 102-109 and Ref. 45, pp. 184185.
29.1.

1 +2

+3

+ *** +n

=;(n+l).

29.2.

12 + 22 + 32 + * . * +n2

=z(n+

1)(2n+

1)

= ; (2?? + 3n + 1).
29.3.

ls + 23 + 33 + . . . + n3 = g (n + 1)
= ; (n + 2n + 1).

29.4.

l4 + 24 + 34 + . . . + n4
= gj (n + 1)(2n + 1)(3n2 + 3n - 1)
= $ (6n4 + 15na + 10n2 - 1).

29.9.
B2

- -&@I

- l)(p - 2)nP3 + . p

omitting terms in no and those that follow.

For values of B, B2, - - -, see 45.
The above results may be used to find the sum of a series
whose nth term is made up of n, n2, n3, etc.
30.1.
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 + * * * + (2n - 1) = n2.
30.2.

1 + 8 + 16 + 24 + 32 + . .. + 8(n - 1) = (2n - 1).

33.1.

1 + 32 + 5x2 + 7x3 + * * * =

33.2.

1 + ax + (a + b)z2 + (a + 2b)aa + * * *
QX + (b - a)x2*
=1+
(1 - x)2

33.3.

1 + 2zx + 3rx2 + 429 + . . . =

l+ 2 *
0 - x)

+ .
(1 - 2)

ALGEBRAIC

8
33.4.

FUNCTIONS

1 + 32x + 52x2+ 722 + - - * =

[Contributed

35.

1
---

35.1.

1 A+;-;+;-

35.2.

1 -;+;

35.3.

;A+;-~+$-

1
a+b

+L!L--

a + 2b

1 + 6x + x2
(1 - x) .

by W. V. Lyon.

-A+

1
Za--l dx,
s 0 l+sb
[a, b > 01.

1
+ . ..=
a + 3b

. . . 2.

Ref. 43, p. 448.1

[See 120 and 48.1.1

h - *** =;

. . . =;

%+1og.2

.
>
[See 165.01.7

- loge 2 .
)
[See 165.11.1

35.4.

1 -;+;-.L+i&

..-

=-&l?i+21og~W+lx

[See 170.1
[Ref. 34, p. 161, Ex. 1.1

38. If there is a power series for f(h), it is

f(h) = f(0) + hf(0) + g f(0) + ; f(O) + * * **
[MACLAURINS

38.1.

f(h)

= f(0) + hf(O> + $f(O)

+ $YO)

SERIES.]

+ *--

+ (nh:-;)! p-yo) + Rn,

where, for a suitable value of 13between 0 and 1,
h
R, = 7f(s)(0h) ,
n.

or

(n yl)!

39. f(x + h) = f(x) + hf(z) + $f(x)

(1 - e)f@h).
+ $Yz)
[TAYLORS

+ . . ..
SERIES.]

SERIES
39.1.

f(x+h)

=f(x>

AND

+h$(x)

FORMULAS
+$(x).

+ ...
! f-(x)

+ (nh:-;)

+ R,,

where, for- a suitable value of 0 between 0 and 1,

Rn = $f(n)(x
40.

+ 6h),

or

f(x + h, y + k) = f(x, y) + { h !%$

+ k v}

where, for suitable values of & and e2 between 0 and 1,

R, =;(

/p&+nhk~

axn-lay
an + . . .
+ ,cn2; '1 h,n-2k2
a3eay2

+ kngn)

f(z +

f&h, y + &k).

[Ref. 5, No. 807.1

42.1.

A number is divisible
divisible by 3.

by 3 if the sum of the figures is

42.2. A number is divisible

divisible by 9.

by 9 if the sum of the figures is

42.3. A number is divisible by 2 if the number consisting of the

last n figures is divisible by 2.

:I

10

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

Bernoullis Numbers and Eulers Numbers

45.

BERNOULLIS
NUMBERS

EULERS
NUMBERS

LOGloB,

LOGloE,

i.2218487

El=

2.522 8787

ES=

0.698 9700

2.376 7507

ES=

61

1.785 3298

2.522 8787

Ed =

1,385

3.1414498

2.879 4261

E6 =

50,521

4.703 4719

i.403 3154

Ee = 2,702,765

6.4318083

0.066 9468

E, = 199,360,981

8.299 6402

0.850 7783
1.740 3350

43,867
798
= 174,611
330
= 854,513
138

9-

B 10
B 11

2.723 5577

For large tables see Ref. 27,

pp. 176, 178; Ref. 34, pp. 234,
260; Ref. 44, v. 2, p. 230-242 and
294-302; and Ref. 59, (v. l), second section, pp. 83-83.

3.791 8396

The above notation is used in Ref. 27 and 34 and in American Standard

Mathematical Symbols, Report of 19.98,Ref. 28. There are several different notations in use and, as stated in the above report, it is desirable when
using the letters B and E for the above series of numbers, to give 47.1 and
47.4 as definitions, or to state explicitly the values of the first few numbers,
as BI = l/6, Bz = l/30, B3 = l/42, etc., EL = 1, EZ = 5, Es = 61, etc.

(2n) !
(2n) 0
46*1* En = (2% _ 2) ! 2! En-1 - (2n - 4) ! 4! En-2
+

0 . I

(-

1y-1

taking O? = 1 and EO = 1.
2n
46.2*

B, =

22y22

_ 1)

(2n - l)?
- 2) ! l! Ed

(Sn

,;;e'4;;;!

En-2
-,

-1

SERIES AND FORMULAS

11

47.1.
47.2.
47.3.
47.4.
48.1.
48.2.

1 + + + $ + $ + -. - = BIT2 = ;.

48.3.

48.4.

1+;+;+++

48.5.

l+~+g+@+*.*
1
1

...
1
Reversion

3B1f

=4=y

* BP+

=3

=gj-

of Series

50. Let a known series be

y=ax+bx2+cti+dx4+ei+fti+gx7+---,
to find the coefficients of the series

[a#O],

x=Ay+By2+Cy9+Dy4+E~+FY6+Gy7+....
A =i.

B-$.

c = -$(2b2 - ac).

D = $ (5abc - a2d - 5b9.

E = $ (6a2bd + 3a22 + 14~ - a3e - 2lab++).
F = -& (7a3be + 7a3cd + 84ab3c - a7 - 28a2b2d

- 28a2bc2- 42b6).
G = -$ (8abf + 8a4ce+ 4a4d2 + 120a2b3d+ 180a2b2C2
+ 132bs - u6g - 36a3b2e - 72a3bcd - 12a3c3- 330ab4c).
[See Ref. 23, p. 11, Ref. 31, p. 116 and Philosophical
(1910), p. 366, for additional coefficients.]

Magazine,

vol. 19

12

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

Powers of S = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 + ex4 + fx5 - - 51.1.

s2 = CL2+ 2abs + (b2 + 2ac)x2 + 2(ad + bC)X3

+ (c2 + 2ae + 2bd)x4 + 2(uf + be + &)x5 * f a.

512. .

~l,2=al12[1+~~z+(~S--~)z2
+

;!$;G!c+i!-!-)x3

(
+

;;-g.$

-x+g2-;)x4...].

(
51 .3 .

p/2

= a-m

51.4.

,1=,1[1--~z+(~--)22+(~-~-~)23

51.5.

S2 = ae2 1

1 ++($;+2
[
3 bc _-_--1d
5 b3 x3
+ ( 32
2a
16 a3>
3 bd
3 c2 -----1 e
;;!!?+Ek?)~4...].
+ ;?g+g;E;
za
(

+
(

bc
62 44

x3
>

(jbd+32
2?-12!!?+5!!
a2
a2 a
a3

a4>

%4

Roots of Quadratic Equation

5.51.

The roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0 are

- b + 4 (b2 - 4ac)
- 2c
ff=
= b + 4 (b2 - 4ac)
2a
- 4 (b2 - 4ac)
- 2c
8=-b
cJa
= b - -\I (b2 - 4ac)

The difference of two quantities is inconvenient

to compute with precision and in such a case the alternative
form&
using the numerical sum
[Ref. 41, p. 306.1
of two quantities should be used.

SERIES AND FORMULAS

13

55.2. If one root LYhas been computed precisely, use

@=-a-$

p = z&.

or

Square Roots

of

58.1.

4 (x + iy) = f

58.2.

4 (x - iy) = f [Jr+)

Complex Quantity

- GJr+)],

where x may be positive or negative,

y is positive
r = + 4 (2 + y2)
i = d(1).
The positive

square roots of (r + 2)/2

58.3. An alternative

and (r - 2)/2

are to be used.
[Ref. 61, p. 260.1

method is to put x + iy in the form

Tei(e+2rk)
where r = J (x2 + y2), cos 8 = x/r,
integer or 0. Then
d (x + iy) = 4 (re) = f
= f

(see 604.05)
sin 0 = y/r,

and k is an

&eie12
16 cos i + i sin f >
(

59.1. The determinant

al, alq
Ia2* a2q I = alp&q

a@lQ

59.2. The determinant

= alp(a2qa3r- a3qa2v>
- alq(a2pa3r- a3pa2r) + ada2pa3q - a3,a2,)

ALGEBRAIC

14

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES

60.

-d(au) = a s
dx

61.

d(u + v)
du
- dx
=z+z.

62.

d(uv)
dv
-=u-&F&.
dx

63.

d(uvw) _

64.

4x:) _ nxn.

64.1.

ddx
-=-.
dx

64.2.

Wx)
--z-=--*

65.

d(u/v)
1 du
--z--=-----= v dx

66.

df
(u> df(4 dt
-=-.-.

du

where a is a constant.
dv

du

dx
dx

dx

1
242
1
52

du

u dv
v=dx

du
vda:-z
v=

dv
-

dx

67.
68.
+

. . .

69.1.

[p constant].

69.2.

d
q
f(x%
s9 s

69.3.

= - f(p),

f(x, c)dx = ,
s9
s

[q constant].

$f(x, c)dx+fk, c>2 -f(p, c) $ .

DERIVATIVES

15

72. If o(u) = 0 and #(a) = 0, or if a(u) = co and #(a) = 00,

then
lim Ad = d(a)
-?!a)
rto If, also, q(a) = 0 and #(a) = 0, or if ~(a) = ~0 and
V(4 = 00, then

72.1. If a function takes the form 0 X co or co - co, it may,

by an algebraic or other change, be made to take the form
O/Oar w/w.
72.2. If a function takes the form O, w or l, it may be made
to take the form 0 X co and therefore O/O or w/co by first
taking logarithms.
[Ref. 8, Chap. 42.1
79. General Formula for Integration by Parts.

or

udv= uv- s vdu,

u dv = uv -

du
va do.

RATIONAL

16

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

ALGEBRAIC

The constant
integrals.

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

of integration

is to be understood

with

all

Znfegrsrls Involving xn
80.

dx = 2.

81.2.
l

81.1.

s xdx=-.

82.1.

X2

81.9.

$ = log, 1x1.

x2dx = -2 .
3

s xdx = -$,

[?&Z-l].

[See note preceding 600.1

Integration in this case should not be carried from a negative to a positive

value of 2. If z is negative, use log 1x1, since log ( - 1) = (2k + l)lri
[See 409.03.1
will be part of the constant of integration.

FIO. 82.1.

82.2.

82.3.

82.9.

dx

Graphs of y = l/x and y = log, 1x1, where x is real.

= - ;.

82.4.

= - k2.

82.5.

dx

S
S

dx

p = -

(n - 11,x-l

dx
2 = - &

dx
F = - &

S
S

[n # 11.

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

Integrals
83.
s

Involving

(a + bx)dx = ;

X = a -I: 6%

17

X = a + bx

X&y

X
b(n + 1)

Cn # - 11.

84.1.

~(a + bx)dx may be integrated term-by-term

after
s
expanding (a + bx) by the binomial theorem, when n is a
positive integer.

84.2.

If m < n, or if n is fractional,
s

xXdx

1
= bm+l

it may be shorter to use

(X - a)XdX

and expand (X - u)~ by the binomial

positive integer.

theorem, when m is a

85. On integrals of rational algebraic fractions, see the topic

partial fractions in text books, e.g., Chapter II, Reference 7.
89.

General formula for 90 to 95:

1
xdx
=bm+i
X
ss

(X - a)dX
X

except where m - n - s + 1 = 0, in which case the

the square brackets is

term in

the letters representing real quantities.

@ef. 2, p. 7.1 Integration should
not be carried from a negative to a positive value of X in the case of log 1X j .
If X is negative, use log ] Xi since log (- 1) = (2k + 1)ni will be part of
the constant of integration.
90.
s

90.1.

dx
x = (n -,,,,-I
g

= ilog

90.2.
s
s

1x1.

J
[See note on log 1x1 under 89.7

90.3.
s

18

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

[except where any one of the exponents of X is 0, se-e 891.

91.1.

sax
-y
= ?[X
b2

alog

[Xl].

xdx
1
T
=;i;i log 1x1 +&
II

91.2.

91.3.

J$=;[-;+&].

91.4.

J$$$&+&].

91.5.

J$

[uX<O,uselog

IXl,see89.]

1
*

=$&+&I.

g2* J g

= ; [(% w-3;xn3

(n-2;)xn-2
- @,
2&-J

[except where my one of the exponents of X is 0, see 891.

92.1.

x2dx
= ; f
X
[

An alternative

expression,

-92.2.

J-z&$

92.3.

S
S

92.4.
92.5.
92.6.

-2ux+a21og
which

s + $log

1x1 .

by a constant, is

differs

la + bxl.

= r;;
b3 x - 2alog 1x1 - $1.

x2dx
1
yp- = p log 1x1 + g - g2].
[
x2dx
1
-p- = g -.L+2E2-&.
[

J$$q-&+&&I.
s$=;[-&+-&&I.

INTEGRALS
92.7.

Jq$y-&+$&].

93.

INVOLVING

XSdX 1
= $2 E(n --&-4
F

X = Q + bx

19

+ (n _33,iXn4
-

(n -3;;p-2

+ (n _ f)Xn-1

1
.

[except where any one of the exponents of X is 0, see 891.

X%X

93.1.

s x

= J xs
b4-%[

=-d

3aX?
+3azx
2

X9X
s

93.3.
93.4.
93.5.

=J

x2

- $ log [a + bxJ + constant.

3b

93.2.

- dlog 1x1

x-3aX+3a~log(X~

+%I.

b4 [ 2

x%x
1
yjF = c4 X-33abg

1x1 -y+g21.

+g-gg+&].
s [IogIXI
s

x%x
-=X4

b4

x6
xVx = 2b4 -- 1 + --3a
x
2x2

93.6.
s

93.7.
94.

x4dx
1[
-1
4a
x = @ (n - 5)XnA + (n - 4)Xn4
6a2
(n - 3)Xn3

a4
4a3
+ (n - 2)Xnm2 - (n - 1)X-

1
I

[except where any one of the exponents of X is 0, see 89].

94.1.

tidx

s =A-2?
x

4b

- 4$X + dlog 1x1

u+~-$+$log~a+bxI+const.
3b2

- !$i? + &2X - 4u3log 1x1 -$I.

20

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

94.3.

sg

= ;[g

94.4.

94.5.

pgqlog[XI

94.6.

sg=$[-$+&-g+-@&].

FUNCTIONS

- 4ux+6a21og~x~

++&$I.

X4dX
1
~4 = g X - 4alog 1x1 s+g2-Lt].
[
+gL$$+&&].

x4dx
1
yi- = p

1
S
95.J$ =jj[@
I& +(n_55,xn4
94.7.

lOa
(n - 4)X7+4 + (n 2&-

g5*l.
J?p

(n -5;;x9b-2

+ (n -@f)xn-i

[except where any one of the exponents of X is 0, see891.

= ;E

-Efc

; 1o;p

10:x2
+.5a4x

=- ti A+$
5b

- alog

[XI

-!g+!g

- f log I a + bx I + constant.
[Ref. 1, pa 11.1
95.2.

Jg=;[;-y+~-lo,,

+5a41og
95.3.

J$$

= ;[$

-F+

1x1 +$]c

106-x - 1oa310g 1x1

- !g

+ g2]

INTEGRALS
95.4.

INVOLVING

X = a + bx

--5ux+lou2logIx(

95.5.

x5dx
-=@
X6

95.6.

ddx
-=g
X6

+F,

lQa2
-r+$$

X-5aloglXl
C

IogIXI

+$-m+g

10a2

95.7.

21

5a4
-.- 4x+5x5

a6

-- 5u4
5x5+im

a5

1
*

I *

95.8.
._.. _1__
[Ref. 2, pp. 7-11.1
100.

General formula for 101 to 105:

S dx

-1

-=+I
,CX

x-(2

b m+a4
0X
)
.X
d;
0 -2

=z-!- E

am+n-l

Ll&?56m-3

- 1 = 0, when the corresponding term in square brackets ia

(m+n-2)!
(7n -

101.1.
s
101.2.

I)! (7%-

l)!

(-

b)-logj;i.

22
101.3.
101.4.
101.5.

RATIONAL

S
S
S

ALGEBRAIC
log;

[II

FUNCTIONS

2bx

b2x2

+x--D

4b3x3
__--

X
4bx
6b2x2
1% ; +7--+3x3
I I

bx
4x4

Alternative solutions, which differ by a constant, are:

101.95.

102.1.
102.2.
102.3.

102.4.

$$

S
S
S
S

[Ref. 2, p. 13.1

- dX = - x2x2

- dX = - x2x3

X -- 3b2x

II
z

bax2
+2xz
*

4b3x2
--+ 2x2

Alternative solutions, which differ by a constant, are:

b423 0
3x9

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

LINEAR

23

FACTORS

102.93.

where X = a + bx.
102.94.
s

103.2.
103.3.

+ 6b2log $
I I

4b3x

--. 2x2

+x
104.1.

ax
-+&3-~+E-~log
ix
=
4ati

2a3x2

- 21.
;.

a4x

Integrals Involving Linear Factors

110.
110.1.

- 4,logI;I
105.1.

b4x2

; c+Y2

(a+fxWx=&
cc + !P>

= 5 + (a - c) log Ic + xl.
Qg-dlogle+gx~
s+7-

24
111.

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

(a+x$c+x)

FUNCTIONS
c+x
I UfX

=&log

&a f CJ.

If a = c, see 90.2.

111.1.

(a + f$c

+ 9x1

1
= log 3,
w - cf
I

Cw#dl.

If ag = cf, see 90.2.

111.2.

x ax
(a+x)(C+x)

=$$ulogu+x
-clog

112.

(a + x;c

Ic+4).

+ x)2 = (c - a,@ + 2)
1
+ (c -

112.1.

112.2.

x ax
S (a+x)(F+x)?=

113.2.

x2ax
S

(a + x>(c + xl2 = (c - a;ic + x)

+ =1og
(c-a)2

1c + 51,

-1

(a

+ x&

+ x)2 = (a
+ (a 4

113.1.

a+x
cfz
I

(a-cY(c+x)

1% la+xl
113.

*w

42

c)3

1%

at-x
I c+x

x ax

S (a+ x>yc+ x)2= &

x2ax
S

(a + x>yc + x)2 = &

[Ref. 1, p, 71.1

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

25

X = a2 + x2

Integrals Involving X = a2 + x2

dX

= tar1
1 + x2

120.

The principal

v&e

2.

of tan-l x is to be taken, that ?s;

*
- z < tan-lx

< :.

I-a
Fh3. 120. Graphs of l/(1 + 9) and of principal values mf

120.01.

dX

120.1.

S$

= j+-2

120.2.
120.3.
120.4.

120.9.

a2 + b2x2

= Atan-1;.

tan-1

2.

bX

= +n-l;a

S =& +z6tan-l;S
S
1

x2
dx

3dX = &2+,~x+~5t~n-1~~

dx
3

(a2

+$x2)n+l

= 2nfJya2y+ b2x2p
+ --2n - 1
2na2

(a2 -$Px2)~ *

[Ref. 2, p. 20.1

.
26

RATIONAL

121.

Integrals

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

of the form
x2m+1dx
(a2 f x2)*

S
by putting

x2 = z, become
1
5

.zdz
(a2 f z>n

for which see 89 to 105 (m positive, negative or zero).

121.1.
121.2.
121.4.
121.9.
122.1.
122.2.
122.3.

x dx
= - &.
X2

S
S
S
S
S
S

121.3.

-&.

x dx
x4 = - &.
x dx
xn+1
-=-2nX

x2dx
-=x5
X

a tan- f!!*
a

xdx
-=p=
x2dx
-x3 =

&2+

x2dx
x4=

--

123.1.

x3dx
-=x

x2
a2
- 2 log x.
2

123.2.

2dx
X2

123.3.

zdx
-=
X3

122.4.

x dx
-=
x3

+&2+*x+&tan-1z6X3

122.9.

+ ;1o,x.
--

l +a2.
2x
4x2

[n # 0-J

INTEGRALS
123.4.
.

X%X
-=-L+K.
s X4
. . . .

s
124.1.
s

4X2
.

Xn+l=
x4dx
-=-x

5
3

124.3.

6x3
.

X = 02 + x2

27

a2

[?a b- 1-J

f-m?

a22 + a3 tar1

x4dx
=x+kG
x2
s
2
x4dx
F=g2-

124.2.

-1
2(n - 1)X

X%X

123.9.

INVOLVING

z-

s
124.4.
s

&dx
x4=--

125.1.

25dx
s -x-=7-

125.2.

tidx
~2

s
125.3.
125.4.
.

a2x
6X3

7x

x4
x2
a4
= 2 - 2~ - a210gX.

zSdx = yf
x-&2+;Iogx.
s -F
25dx
-=,L+a2-(r4.
2X
s X4
. . . . . .

2X2
.

26dx
-1
x+ = 2(n - 2)X

125.9.
s

6X3
.

a2
+ (n - 1)X-

--

a4
2nX
Cn > Xi.

126.1.

p gdx
= -aP - aa2
3
+ a42 - as tan-1 z.

127.1.
s

xdx
= f
X

28

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

Integrals

Involving

dx
a?=-----

1
a4x

dx
ZP=-a%--s

FUNCTIONS

X = a2 + x2 (continued)

131.2.
131.3.
131.4.
s
132.1.

132.2.
s

132.3.
133.1.
133.2.
133.3.
134.1.
134.2.
135.1.
135.2.

136.

S
S
S
S
S
S
S

dX

7x
--ga6X

15
ga7

tan-' ;'

1
2a2x2

---

dx
zx2=

1
--- 2a4x2

dX

4a4X2

a=

iiFs=-------

x
2a4X

1
2a0x2

1
- $og$
2a4X
1
a6X

1
4a4X2

dX

z=
dX

54x2
dX

xf=

-&J+&2+&,10&

dX

9x2
[See References 1 and 2 for additional
integrals of the type of Nos. 120 to 135.1

ghi? If+
S (1 + gxEa2 + x2) = Cff -t! a2g2)I
-;log(a2+22)

WI

+$r$

*
I

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

Integrals
140.

Involving

X = a2 - x2

X = a2 - x2

[See

The function
l/(1 - 9)
values of 5. See Fig. 140.

29

and its integral

note

under 140.1.1

can be plotted

for negative

FICA 140.
Dotted
Full

lie

graph,

dX

140.01.
s

140.02.

graph, l/(1

= x2 - 1

- 9:).

4 log

1+x
cl:

[See 140.1

dz.
s

1 - x2

ax
s a2 - b2x2

Note that
&log-

a + bs

= ;tanh-;,

bx

[b2x2 < a],

and
&ogG

bx+a

1
= actnh-f;,

[b2x2 > a].

30

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

&log-

Note:

a+x
a-z

&log=

FUNCTIONS

= i tanh-l z,

[x2 < a2],

= ictnh-E,

[x2 > ae].

[Ref. 8, p. 100, (5) and (s).J

140.2.
140.3.
140.4.

141.2.
141.4.
142.1.

S
S
S

xdx
x2==

x dx
-=-.
x3

S
S

141.3.

S
S

x dx
= &%,
jyn+l

141.9.

a+x
I I

x2dx
= -x+;1og
X

a-x

142.2.
142.3.
--

142.4.
142.9.
143.1.

z3dx
= - f
X

- $og

x2dx
-=2nX-5
xn+1

S
S

1
4x2

dx
x

1x1.

[n # 01.

INTEGRALS
143.2.

XVX

x2

143.3.
143.9.

= ;;

xSdx
-p-=2x

INVOLVING
+ ilog

- 1

a2
+4x2*

1x1.
143.4.

144.2.
144.3.
144.4.
145.1.
145.2.
145.3.

145.4.
145.9.
146.1.
147.1.

148.1.

a2
- 1
z?dx
x
= 4x2 +gjp-

a2
S-2dx = 2(n --1 1)x"-'
+2nX"
'
zs
x4dx-3-a2x+%log
a+x
-=
a--z
.
X
I
I
S
a2x
3a
x4dx
- zlog
z
.
-=x+Fx
P
I
I
S
a2x
5x + 3
tidx
a+x
--Kalog
-a-x
*
-%=4X2
8X
I
I
S
x4dx
a4 -- 7x
x
= 6T
24X2 +
S
p+1

144.1.

idx
s X

a2x2 a4
x4
= - - - - $og
4
2

tidx
x2
x2=3+2x

S
ddx
Sxs=
S
S -X2dx
S -=-x6dx
X
S x7dx

a2
7+4Xe

31

X = a2 - x2

Cn >

1x1.

+ a210g 1x1.
a4

= 2(n - 12)x-2

- ;1og 1x1.

a4
- (n - a2
1)X-- + 2nX
cn > 23.

25 d- a29
5
3
6

a2x4
4

a4x2
2

a6

X
3dx

x7
7

a29
5

a42
3

a-l-x
a6x + t log r2
I

-=-------~logIxI. X6

X
S -=-------

13.

RATIONAL

:32

154.1.

154.2.
155.1.
155.2.

ALGEBRAIC

1
- ~+2$log/+
3a2x3 a42

S
ax
S =--.A+"
gx

24x2

= --

FUNCTIONS

1
3a4x3

a6x

2a6X

1
ax = -- 1 -E2+k610g
4a2x4

56x

25x2

ax

I$.I

= ---A-+
Y. a6x2
q-4-4

[See References 1 and 2 for other integrals of the type of Nos. 140 to 155.:\
156.

1NTEGRALS

INVOLVING

Integrals
160.01.

Involving

X = ax2 + bx + c

33

X = ax2 + bx + c

2ax + b
2
d(4ac - b2) tan-1 d(4ac - b2)

[4ac > b],

1
2ax + b - ,/(b2 - 4~)
= d(b2 - 4ac) log I 2ax+b+d(b2-4ac)
[b2 > 4ac],
1
log x*
f
Lb2 > 4x],
= 4P - d
PI
I

where p and q are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0,

=-

,/ (b2 4Qc) tanh-l

,$7-+4$

[b2 >r 4ac,

(2ax + b)2 < b2 - 4ac],

2
= - -J(b2 - 4ac) ctnh-l

2ax + b
d(b2 - 4ac)

[b2 > 4ac,

(2ax + b)2 > b2 - 4ac],

[b2 = 4ac].

= -Tzqx

[Put 2ax + b = 2.1

160.02.

160.03.

160.09.

dX
2az + b
2a
x2 = (4ac - b2)X + 4o.c - b2 s

S
S

dX

yJ =

dx
x =

dX

[See 160.01.3
2ax + b
3a(2ax
2(4ac - b2)X2 + (4ac 6a2
+ (4ac - b)

+ b)
b2)2X
dx
x -

x dx
= &log
X

[See 160.01 .-J

2ax + b
1)(4ac
- b2)X
(n + (n 11),9c

160.11.

1x1 -$

b2)

dx
xn-

s
[Ref. 1, p. 83.1
[See 160.01. J

--I

34

RATIONAL
Integrals

160.12.

160.19.

,160.21.

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

Znvclving X = ax2 + bx + c (continued)

x ax
x2 = -

bx + 2c b
(4ac - b2)X
4ac-b2

x dx
x
= -

bx + 2c
(n - 1)(4x - b2)X-l
b(2n - 3)
dx
Xn- .
1)(4ac
b2)
(n s

dX

s x
[See 160.01.)

x2dx
x
y= 6 - &210g 1x1 + I)2 ,,~~.
[See 160.01.1

160.22.

160.27.
160.28.

160.29.

x2dx
(b2 - 2ac)x + bc +
2c
F
=
a(4ac - b2)X
4ac - b2

S
S
S

161.19.
161.21.

S
S

x-dx
-.
X

xm--l
xdx
- X = - (2n - m - l)aX-
xm-2dx
5-ldx
m - 1)c
(n - m)b
-+ (2n(- m - 1)a
X
(2n - m - 1)a x
[m # 2n - 11.
When m = 2n - 1,

x2-ldx
-=X
s
161.11.

e.
X
[See 160.01.]

S
S

1
a

x2n3dx
---

p-1

c
a

gx

~.

--_

[See 16O.Ol.j

-$

[See 160.01.]
161.29.

1
-&
= (m - l)cxX-1
_ (2n+m-33)~
-- dx
xm-2Xn
(m - 1)c

(n + m - 2)b
(m - 1)c

dx

p-1x71

Cm

> 11.

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

35

ua =t x8

Integrals Involving a3 f x3
165.01.
165.02.

(a :2,2

165.11.
165.12.
165.21.
165.22.
165.31.

365.32.

G?X

s as + i

S
S
S
S
-

165.42.

165.51.
165.52.
166.11.
166.12.

a.

-. dX
a3 + 2

2ax=&-&log
(a+x)+$3

a3 +

a2 - ax + X2

tan-12E$.

SC3

x2
+l
= 3a3(u3 + x3)
32

x dx
(aa + 4

-. x dx
as + 9

x2dx
1
=
-3(a8+23)
(as + $I2

S
S2%-=x-a3

S
S
S
S
S

dx

[See 165.01.1

Tiq-2.

a3 + x3

(a321?&

1
3
+

= 3(cF&c9

165.41.

1 tan-l Sk a+3
a243

a8x4dx
+ x5
-=--a3

X2

(a3y;,2

- xKdx
a3+23

[See 165.01.1

x dx
2-q?

3(a3x;2')

[See 165.11.1

+;

x dx

a3+

23
= 3

a3
tidx
(a3 + 25)2 =3(a3+xy
-

+flog

dx
x(u3 + $1

S
S

dx
iiq7+

1
dx
x(a + 2)2 = F2(a3 + 2)

p+xy.

[See 165.11.1

36
166.21.
166.22.

166.31.

RATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

dx
---1
xyu3 + x3) = - u3x

S
S
S

1
$-$$
a3s

dx
--1
x2(u3 + x3)2 = - dx
--

X2

3ayu3
4

3d

2)

-. x dx
a3 + 2

=--m--2 1

dx

- [See 165.11.]

d(u3 + 2)

[See 165.11.)

-. dx
a3 + 2
[See 165.01.-

166.32.

166.41.
166.42.

168.01.

dx
1
x3(u3 + 2) =--g&s-- 5
3d

3d(u + x3)
-. dx
[See 165.OL:j
a3 + x3

dx
x4(u3 + x3) = -

S
S

dx
= --- 1
xyu3 + 2)
3a62

dx
= &log
a3 - x3

+x3)

1
3uyu3

a2 + ax + x2
(a - 2)

168.02.
168.11.
168.12.

(u3

x
-

dx
x3)2

3u3(af-

+ $3

x3)

.
- 23
S-a3
x dx

168.21.
168.22.
168.31.

23dx
$Tgg=

-x+(x3

dx
-
a3 - x3

[See 168.01.1

INTEGBALS
168.32.

INVOLVING

-. ds
a3 - x3

X%X

(a3 - x3)2

37

u3 f ti

[See 168.W.1
168.41.
168.42.

168.51.
168.52.
169.11.
169.12.
169.21.
169.22.

x4dx
-=-2-ta3
a3
- xs
s

x dx
a3
-- x3
s

X2

[See 168.11.1

-.- 2
Sa3
x dx

S
S

[See 168.11.9

x3
a3
ddx
~
= ---310g~a~-z~(.
3
a3 - x3
x5dx
= a(a3a: x3>
(a - 2)

+ilogIa3
- 21.

S
I I
S
S
S
- +
S
S2(a3dT S
=
S
X3
dx
= k3 log .
a3
s(a3 - 2)
I - x3 I

1
dx
x(a3 - x3)2 = 3a3(a3 - x3)

~
a3

dx

X2

_ x3p = - -Ia6x +

x3

- x dx * [Eke 168.11.1,
a3 - x3

dx
+.$
x2(a3 - x3) = - a3x
x2(a3

X*

3a6(a3

x3)

dx

3$sam*

[See 168.11.1

169.31.

2) = -&7+$

$55.

[See 168.01.1

169.32.

$(a3d:

.3)2

-&+

3a6(asz- 2)

[See 168.01.1
169.41.
169.42.

S
dx
L+
x4(a3 - 23)2 = - 3a623

l
3a6(a3 - x3)

INTEGRALS
IRRATIONAL

INVOLVING

ALGEBRAIC

39

xl2

FUNCTIONS

Zniegrals Involving

Se

180.
180.1.
180.3.
181.
181.1.
181.5.

z32& = ; 3y2.

180.5.

s
s
s

s
dx
zp12

dX
51/2=

(p

dz

dx
pE=

2;,,-,,2*

185.13.
185.21.
185.23.

186.11.
186.13.
186.21.

dx
p=

181.3.

2$'2

4x

- 3x312
-. 2

-- 2

dx
27/2=

181.7.
[ Nm.-Put

185.11.

253jz = 2 z7/a.
7

x1/2

- -. 2
5262

x = ~9, then dx = 2u du.j

s
s
S
S

$12dx
2 22
a2 + b2x = 3 b2
x112
x112dx
(a + b2x)2 = - b2(a2 + b2x)

ab3

2x32
3a2x112
ti12dx
(a + b2x)2 = b2(a2 + b2x) + b4(a2 + b2x)
3a
-.@&n"!.g.

S
s
s

(a2 +dGx)x1/2
(a2

(a2

= $p+!g.
2

+d;x)i2

-,2,1/2

-2btan-17.
a3

xl/2
+d;x)2xl,2

a2(a2 + b2x)

L&

tan-1

!?.g

40
186.23.

187.11.
187.13.
187.21.
187.23.
188.11.
188.13.
188.21.
188.23.

189.1.

189.2.

189.3.
189.4.

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

(a2 - b2x)2 = b2(az - b2x)

a + bx12
-J- log a - bxU2 *
(a - b2x)*z2 = $(a2 - b4) + 2u3b
,$I2

dX

x12dx
= G210g
a4 + x2

a2(a2

b2x)xl/2

x + ad(2x)
5 - ad(2x)

+ a2
+ a2

2 + al1(2x) + a*
2 - a4(2x) + a2

(a +dz2)jlz

xli2dx
= &log
a4 - x2

-2

ClX

=
(a2 - b2x)2x3:32

a + x112
a
I - 3Y12I

S
(a"
- x2)2Y2
dx

[Ref. 4, pp. 149-151.)

IMTEGRALS
Infegrals
190.

xqdx
1
xplz =bp+l

IN-VCXJING
Involving

Xl@ = (a + Z7x)2

F/S = (a + bx)l12

!X - a)QdX ,
XPl2

41

cq > 01.

Expancl the numerator by the binomial theorem, when p is a positive

integer.

191.

191.03.

dx
p

191.01.
s

191.05.

191.1.

- ,;,-a,2

+ (p -

191.11.
s

dx
-2
x3/2 = j33ii

S --.
I*
dx

x5/2

-2
- 3b-pl2

&P-2)12

191.13.
s
191.15.
s

xdx
-x5/2

= -

= -

191.17.
s
191.2.
s

-1
(p -

2a

@X(P-+~

+ @ -

X91.21.
s

191.25.

2aX2
3
f aTI

4)X(~-4)/2

a2
(p - 2)J3P-a12 I *
-

42

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS
dx
zx(p--L)IB

192.1.
s

s
CP >

192.11.

Xl2

dX

zx1/2 = $$OS

Xl2

= - p2 tanh-l

=:--

[Ref. 2, p. 92.1

($I2
&2

x$

ctnh-l

($12

11.

Ca > 0, x

'

> 01,

[a > x > 01,

g,

[X > a > 01,

[a < 0, X > O].

[Put xl*

192.13.
192.15.

192.17.

192.2.
192.21.
192.23.

192.25.

192.9.

S
S

= 2.

See Nos. 120.1 and 140.1.1

[See 192.11.1
ClX

-=3&h+
2x52
[See 192.11.1

[See 192.11.]
dx

-1

z2xp2=

(&y(P--a12

S
S
S

pb
-

dx
- X2
;2x1/2=----- ax

dx
-x2X3/2

- 1
axX1m2

dx
- [Ref. 2, p. 94.1
xXP2

S
s -.

b
2a

dx
xX2

3b

3b

=-a2x2-~2

dx
-1
------ 5b
22x6/2=- axX32
3a2X32

dx
.x2

S
5b

dx
zpx2

[See 192.11.1

a3X112

[See 192.11.1
5b

-. ax

2a3 s XX12
[See 192.11.1

(p

Xl2

l)azP-l

(2P - 3)b
-

(Zp

qa

[Ref. 2, p. 94. J

INTEGRALS
193.

INVOLVING

.F2 = (a + b~)~

2x(P+2)2
XPl2&-

(P + 2)b
2x32
- 3b

193.01.

193.1.

193.11.

193.13.

Xl2&

193.03.

- -aXi

2aXcP+41

193.2.

193.21.
194.1.
194.11.
194.13.

194.15.

194.2.
194.21.

194.31.

43

p+4

S
S
S
S

p12dx
= 2Ft2 + a
X

dx
p-jp

x312dx
2x32
- 2
= 3
+ 2aX112 + a2

S
S
S

[See 192.111.

X12dx
(2a + bx)X112 -- b2
= 4ax2
a?
[See 192.llp;

dx

I37T2

[See 192.11.1

[See 192.11. J

[See 192.11. -J

dx
5x1/2

[Ref. 1, p. 105.7

44

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

F12 = (a + ~x)I~ and W2 = (j + gx)12

Let k = ag - bj

Integrals Involving

195.01.

2
tan-+$),
= 4 (- bg)
-1
. 12bgx+ ag+
= ,/(- bg) llbf - ag

dX
Xl/2(7U2
s ~

= &
195.02.

195.03.
195.04.
195.09.
196.01.

196.Q2.

196.03.

196.05.

[;::I~

bf

S
S
S
=
S
Sxl/zul/z= 6g-S
ink

x1/2

ix7 < 01,

Ckg> 01.

dx
-Xl2 (,Tl/Z

XWP

l)b

Xll2

[See 195.01.1

.kJqq.

-- k*
8bg

k -I- 2b U xl,2ul,2
4Bg

Xl12U1/2dx

xdx

k
3

Xll27Jll2

(2n

2x112
k W2

dx
x1/2u3/2=---

W*dx
-XT=---

b>O

[ g<o I

Cbg> 01.

log I d @g-Q + b d U I,

dx
= ~ (_2 kgj tan-l ~ yTlgj
,
X12U
s
1
gx12 - 4 (kg)
= moog
g-P* + 4 (kg)

S Ul/Z
dx
___.
Xll2

fSee 195.01.1

j-J112

ag + bf
2bg

-. dx

p*(,n/2

[See 195.Ol.J

dX

,x1/* U

= 196.04.

FUNCTIONS

X*Udx

(aIl)k~~+(~-~)b~Xl~~~-l].
= (2n : 3).g 2X*U+l
(

X12dx
1
--F
= (n - 1)s Lt ,-g

197.

where

+ k

+;JFgn-l)*

Jf(jE&

u = x/4 (a + bx2).

F&2]

-Udx .
s Xl/2 >
[See 195.09.1

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

Znfeqrals Involving

200.01. j-$

=Sd(xGa2)

I = (3 f- a~*

45

r = (x2 + ~2~)~~

=1%(x+99*

Note that
= &h-l

z = z1 log

The positive values of r and a are to be taken.

Fro. 200.01.

Graphs of l/d (9 + 1) and of log {z + 4 (2 f 1) ) , where x is reai.

For 200.03-200.15 let

&-P=-. 29
x2 + as

then

46

IRRATIONAL

201.01.

x ax
= T.
r
s

201.03.
201.9.
202.01.

202.03.
202.05.

ALGEBRAIC

2 ax
= - 5.
r3

S
.

FUNCTIONS

201.05.

201.07.

2 ax
-7-=-s

x ax =
1
-7
-37

x ax
T2p+1= x2dx
= F -$log(x+r).
r

S
S
S

x2dx
-yT-=

[See note under 200.01.1

- ; + log (x + T).

1 Z
x2dx
= g--g 7 *
IJ

202.07.

202.09.
202.11.
202.13.
202.15.

S
S
S
S

1 x3

tj y3

x2dx
-p-

x3

3 -+77--p
p

42
-sg++;i

-----

3 z7

1 zg

6x7
+ 10X --- 10 x9
7-2
9rg

1*

+5C11 rll -j?jyG

1 213
203.01.

203.03.
203.05.

S
S
S

xvx
-=-r

x3dx
-=T+r13
2dx
=
9

13
3

a.+.
a2

iNTEGRALS

INVOLVING

I = (x2 + u*)1/*

47

X%X

-=-L+a

203.07.

x%x
Tp+i = -

203 .Q.
s
204.01.

39

T7

X4dX 2T
= 4
r

5p
a2

(2p

-13,T2p4

1)+4

(2~

3
3
- g a2xr + 8 a4 log (X + T).
[See note under 200.01. J

X4dX

204.03.

204.05.
204.07.

204.09.
204.11.
204.13.

13

- ~a210g (x +

x4dx
X
= - - - f $ + log (x + r).
P
T
s
1 z
s x4dx
7=--5a2 ti
s

x4dx
P

-=;4

--- 7T7
lx
.
I

19
1 E57

s
s
s

205.03.
205.05.
205.07.

tidx
T

2dx =T+F--.
?d

205.9.
s

1x9

3x7
-57+gp

3x9

1
-

-- 11P
1 x*1 +

6d
p

?
2
= - - 3 a213+ a%.
5

2dx
13
-T--=3s

2x
-5;,++-p

4x
- 53

204.15.
205.01.

T).

2&- - ;.
2

a4
313

2dx
7=

xvx
r2p+ = - (2p -:,T~~~

+ (2p

z)Tpm

48
206.01.

206.03.

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

x6dx
x%
= - - ;
r
6

xsdx
= ;
r-3
-

a2aBr + $ u4xr - F6 a6 log (x + r).

[See note under 200.01.1

206.05.

FUNCTIONS

- f $+

- ;

+ ;

d log (x + r).

s
206.07.
s

xsdx
7=

23 x5 --- 7 a2x3
- -- 3
15+
39

+ log (x + T).

206.09.

206.11.

206.13.

206.15.

207.01.

207.03.

207.05.

207.07.

207.9.

x6dx
-=$
7-13

S
S
S
S
S
S

+ kxGl

x7dx
1
= 5r7 - ia2$
r

x7dx
T2fl=

+:a49

- $:;

- a%.

XNTEGRALS
221.01.

j-g

= J

INVOLVING

T = (x2 + a2)lA

dx
= -;log/cgl.
x4(x2 + a)

Note that
= - a1 csch-l ; = - 1a sinh- fi
I I
Ix I
=The positive values, of a and T are to be taken.

-J
-9
----a__

-1
--.
.\
\
\
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

-3

FIO. 221.01.
Dotted

graph,

$4 (x2 + 1) *

Full line graph, - log 1 + 4 (x2 + 1) ~

2

221.03.

= $

- -$ log +
I

221.05.
221.07.

dx
1
&3 = -5($;&

.
I

49

50

IRRATIONAL

222.01.

222.03.

222.07.

S
S

222.09.

222.05.

223.01.

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

-$

As in 221.01, we have

223.03.

223.05.

224.01.

224.03.

J~=;(~+~-Ll).

S&=$(. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

224.05.

For 222 and 224, put

then
adz
ax = (1 - 22)3/Z

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

r = (x2 + t~~)l~

225.01.

.g =
[Ref. 1, p. 121.3

225.03.

$j

=
[Ref. 1, p. 124.1

226.01.
226.03.
.

230.01.

rax=;+~log(x+r).

As in 200.01, we have
= &h-l!

230.03.

231.01.

231.9.
232.01.
232.03.

r%-lx = i 29 + g a2xr + l a4log (x + r).

xl-ax=-*

13
3

x&x=;.

231.03.
.

S
S
S
S
S
S ax=- - - S

= es&-1:

9%~ = t XP + $ a2213+ & a4xr + F6a610g(x+r).

230.05.

51

$-2P+3

z$P+(&

&Jr

x+
4

&%x=---

-.

2p + 3

XP

a2xr
8

a4
-g log (x + r).

a4xr a6
a2x*
-16
- a log (x + r)*
24

52

IRRATIONAL

233.01.

x3&x
s
.

= r7
_ _ -a29 e
7
5
. . . . .

&.m-dx

233.9.

FIJNCTIONS

&. fJx = ft --. a2r3

5
3

233.03.

ALGESRAIC

2p i- 5

2p -I- 3

a2x7-3
- 8
+ $

X3T3

2% ax = -

234.01.

a2r2P

TZPG

+ $) log (x + r).

As in 200.01 we have

X31-5

234.03.

x%%JTx = -g-

a2x75 a4xT3
3
+16
64 + z8 a%

- -

7-7
s
2a2+
---7+3
7

x51dx =

235.01.

a413

x5r%?x =

235..03.
s
.

g+2P+1dx =

235.9.
S

241.01.

241.05.

r dx
--r----log

S
s

T2~+7

2a2r2pG

--ap+
2p + 7
I

a+r
z

a4r2~-M

-I

2p + 3

I
I

.
[See note under 221.01.7

a+r
a5 log I X
+ a% - a7 log

I
*

INTEGRALS
242.01.

242.03.

r ax
7=

INVOLVING

r = (x2 -I- a2)1/2

53

- ; + log (x + r).
[See note under 200.01.3

rvx
ys-=

242.05.

243.01.

r dx =
s -ii?-

9
3
- 2 + 2 xr + i a2 log (5 + r).

?%X

a2xr+:a410g(x+r).

--Y$i-=

[See note under 221.01.1

243.03.
243.05.
244.01.
244.03.

244.05.
245.01.
245.03.
246.01.
246.03.
247.01.
248.01.

Pdx
-is-

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

15dx
--isr dx
-F

--a r-3
3a2d

9dx
7

- $

- ; + log (x + r).
[See note under 200.011,

Pdx
1p

gZlog(x+r).

T dx
zs
r-3dx
d
I- dx
7

Pdx
7
r dx

-2-

rdx
-ii?-

- -.t.5

5a226

IRRATIONAL

54

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

Integrals Involving s = (x2 - a2)l12

260.01.

Cz2>a21.

~~=~~c,pI~~,=10gIz+81,

Note that
logI$I

= ;log

r&)

= eosh-I$

The positive value of cash-1 /x/u 1is to be taken for positive values of 2,
and the negative value for negative values of x. The positive value of 3 is
to be taken.

ha.
260.01.
1).
Full
line graph, log (2 + 4 (z* - 1) I.
Dotted graph, l/d (x2

260.03.

$=

-;:a

s
260.05.
260.07.

223

-gg+57

260.09.
260.11.

260.13.
260.15.

dX

75

1
p

--Z+ELf$+;$
s

Id
I

INTEGRALS

INVOLVING

For 260.03-260.15, let

9
21
= m

261.01.

261.03.
261.9.
262.01.

then

261.05.

2- ax = s.
s

261.07.

55

xdx

-=s6

x ax
1
= - -0
s3
s

S
S
S

s = (x - u*)lF

1
-52.

x ax
-7
=-is

x ax
s2p+1= -

X2&J

= y + ;1og Ix + sj.
[See note under 260.01.1
- ; + log 12 + sl.

sll ---, 13
P
+ --11
5 xl1
1 213
263.01.

= z- + a%.

= s - -a

263.03.

a2
S

263.05.
s

X%X
-z--D-.
s6

a2

3sa

56

IRRATIONAL

263.9.

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

X%X

s2p+1= -

264.01.

s
[See note under 260 01.:

264.03.

+;avog

s
x4dx
-=--s5

S
S

264.05.
264.07.

f$

+ log [x + 5-I.

264.09.
s

264.11.
264.13.
264.15.
265.01.
265.03.
265.05.
265.07.
265.9.

S
S
S
S
-

tidx
-2-=s----*
1
Zdx
-?--=------ s

xsdx
&Ti = -

2a2
S

Ix + s].

CL4
3s3

2a2

a4

3s3

5s5

INTEGRALS
266.01.

266.03.

266.05.

266.07.

266.09.

266.11.

266.13.

266.15.

267.01.

267.03.

267.05.

267.07.

267.9.

S
-

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

s = (x2 - a2)12

57

=
[See note under 260.01.1

X6&

INVOLVING

s3

x%x
9
- s6 = 233

x%lx
7=
x6dx
7=

- 3

+ log lx + 51.

---. 1 x
7a2 s7

x6dx
Sll

x6dx
-gir=
x6dx
--pi-

3
xdx
1
= 5 s7 + s a2s5 + fCja4s3+ a%.
S

a5
x7dx
- a2s3+ 3a4s - s *
= ; s5 + 3
s3
3a4

xdx
1
-=,93+3a2s-g-g3.9
x7dx
---=s------.
S

3a2
S

3a4
3s3

a6

a6
5s5

xdx
sap+l = -

a6
3a4
_
3)s2~--s
(zQ
_
l)s2~-1*
(2Q

58

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

[x2 > a].

The positive values of s and a are to be taken. The principal values of
cos-1 1a/x [ are to be taken, that is, they are to be between 0 and 42 since
[u/x [ is a positive quantity.

-2
-I\

---_
-3

-f
\

\
\

'I
II11

-1

I
!
I
I

-2

Fig. 281.01.
Dotted graph,
1
Dotted graph,
21(S2-1).
Full line graph, cos-1

281.03.

281.05.

281.07.

281.09.

282.01.

282.03.

282.05.

dx

S
S
S
S
S

zs3 = - -!- - -$
cos-1 a .
dX

XS5

a28

dx

zs7 =
dx
G9 =

$;

= 2.
a22

s
z

I2 I

INTEGRALS

282.07.
282.09.

INVOLVING

s = (x - aYa

59

s
-

s
1
+ j-$ co+

dX

283.01.

283.03.

--& = 2&

-$

As

&

z
I I
[See note under 281.01.2

II

&OS-

283.05.
284.01.
284.03.
284.05.
For 282 and 284, put
22X-.XI
s2

290.01.
290.03.
290.05.
291.01.
291.9.
292.01.

S
S
S
S
S
S

&=

then

--acL6.
(2 - l)*

XS

sdx = z- - $ log 1z + s I. [See note under 26O.Ol.j

c?xs + $log

Sadx=;x$-;

12 + SI.

$dx =~~s5-%aZZSS+~~4~s-~a610g[x+sl.
S3

291.03.

xs dx = --

s5
xs3dx = 5.

s2Pi-3

xs2P+dx = ~
.
2p + 3
- $og

12 + sj.
[See note under 260.01.]

--._I___-

..-_~--_-

____._
--_-_________

60

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

39yyx = x+5 + -a2x.s3 -g.t

24

292.03.
s

&dx

293.01.

= ;+$f.

293.03.

s
&++l&

293.9.

= -

$P+5

a2$8+3

2p+5+2p+3

$log

-_

~.$&

Ix++
= ;+q.

x4s dx = ~+~+!gL~log12+s/.

294.01.
s

[See note under 260.01.)

x4s3dx = $!

294.03.
s

295.01.
295.03.
295.9.

301.01.

$ J?$f - L a6xs
128

2a2s5
x5s dx = s + 5+3*
7

S
S
S
S

$&x

x5++l&

a49

= $ + 72a2s7+ $.! .
gP+7

2a2s2Pt

a4s2~+3

= ___
-_
._
.
2p + 7 + 2p + 5 + 2p + 3
[See note under 281.01. J

-s dx = s - u cos-1 I xfi I -

301.03.

s3dx
= fk?- a2s + $ cos-I !! .
2
3
I2 I
-s5dx = s5 - 7j-a22 + a4s - a5 eos-1 E .
X
5
I I

301.05.

301.07.

S
S

302.01.

+ .$$

s dx
7=

a
a% + a cos4 - .
I2 I
- ; + log Ix + s/.
[see note under 260.01.

302.03.

s3dx
7=

- $log

[x + sj.

INTEGRALS
302.05.

303.01.

303.03.

303.05.
304.01.
304.03.

304.05.
305.01.

306.03.

307.01.
308.01.

INVOLVING

s = (x - CZ~)~

61

-;a2xs+;a410g
ix+sj.

S
6
ax
7=
S
S-s3clx
d=
S
S-X4=&.
S

[See note under 281.01.1

s dx

s3dx
ss
24 = -- 3x3 - 5 + log Ix + SI.

s6dx
a29
24=s++++-2

S
Ss2

[See note under 260.01.1

2a2s

2s

!a210g

(x + sl.

dx
r=--

s3dx
s6
56 ---. 5a22

S
S
S$ =L

7a*Za

~--------_l____
----~-I

IRRATIONAL

62

ALGEBRAIC

FUNCTIONS

Infegrak Involving t = (a2 - x2)l12

The principal values of sin-1 (r/u) are to be taken, that is, values between
- 342 and z[Z. The positive values of 1 and a are to be taken.

Fra. 320.01.
dX

320.03.

320.07.

s$LJ$[;+;$+;q.

320.09.

S!fp$[~+;$+g$+~~].

F = $;-

320.05.

320.11.

320.13.
320.15.

J+&[;+f$+;;+q!$+i.?$
+C].
+ 11 P

For 320.03-320.15 let

22
22 s-;
a -29

then

INTEGRALS

321.01.
321.03.
321.9.

322.01.
322.03.
322.07.
322.09.
322.11.
322.13.
322.15.

323.01.

323.03.

323.9.

324.01.

INVOLVING

t = (a - x~)~

63

s -t =- t.
S
S t
S
S
S
Z.
SF = ; - sin-1
S
SEp=$,;E+a;x,. tb
S
S
S-p-=.$[;~+;$+q$+$~+-!.!.].
S
x dx

xdx
t3

321.05.

321.07.

=-*

x dx
22p+l = (Q

x2dx
t

-11)t2z4

sdx
t6=-

1
3P

xdx

-$--

gb

[see note under 32O.Ol.j

322.05.

x2dx
-=sji*

1 Z

x2dx A-&$+;;+;$].
-Fx2dx
t=s

+;$+;$+;E].
3f

a2dx

x2dx
-p5- =i2

St

gg+ff

++?$+pj

ES! = t - a*t.

St3
--jr=
Sx%x
S
S6:=- x2
a
S$$!=~+$-Z!a2~in-1I.
2dx

323.05;

4 - ga2xt
3
+ 3
sa4&r1~-

[See note under 320.01.1

324.03.

64:
324.05.
324.07.
324.11.

IRRATIONAL

FUNCTIONS

x4clx
--++$++inz.
s--jr=
x4dx
=-Azf.
s-if5a2 t5

s-p

324.09.

=L&$+fEJ.

p$!$E+?$+;$].

324.13.
S
324.15.

ALGEBRAIC

x4dx
-p- =+$[;$+;$+;$+E].

x4dx
-=S .P

325.01.
S
325.03.
S
325.05.
S

a:~[;~+f$+~~+~~+&$].

x5dx
-=-t

t6
5 + ?$C - &

2dx
--$--a

- f + 2a2t + tjt .

x5dx
7=

-a--~

x5dx
-=
pp+1

(2p

2a2 + g3.

325.07.
S
325.9.

--:pa-

(2p

?;)t2P-3

326.01.

x6dx
-=-t
S
x6dx

326.03.
S
326.U5.
S
326.07.
S
326.09.

-jr-=

x6dx
-=-t5

_a41)t2P-l

x9 - -CLa2x3t - 5 a4xt + S a6 sin-1 !?Z.

6
24
16
16
a
[See note under 320.01.1
---_

X5

4t

5 a2x3
8t+8t

f3 + y $Z

x6dx
23
x5
----__
7
= 15 t5

x6dx
-=--.
tg
s

(2p

7i2;;

15 a42 -- 15
8 a4 sin- 1X-.
a
- i $? + f a2 sin-1

i a;?3 + 3
326.11.

ST

- sin-1 % .
=$[+f$+;$].

INTEGRALS
326.13.

xvx
-p-

INVOLVING

=L#+g+J&].

x%x
T=$[E+?~+~~I+~~

327.01.

S
St

it7 - 3 a2t6 + 3 a4t3 - a%

327.03.

s 7=jj
x7dx

327.05.

x7dx
7=

326.15.

327.07.

-3
x7dx

S
S
S

0
7

t5 a2t3
- 5

+ 3a4t + 5.
3a4

it3-3a2t--j-+i$*

Zdx
-=t+t-g+gfi*
t7

x7dx
t2p+l=-

327.9.

65

f = (a - x~)~

3a2

3a4

a6

(2p -:)w

(21, -3a2
5)t@ - (2p -3a4
3) t2@
3- .
+
a6
(2P - l)t2P-I.

iJ

j1.

2 ::,:I j

i
I

I
341.01.

j$g

dx
xd(a2 - x2>
= - tlog

!+
I

,
I
[x2 < a2].

Note that

FIG 341.01
Dotted graph,
1

Full line graph,

The positive values of eech-1 1x/a I, cash-1 1a/x 1,
_ log 1 + 4 (1 - 22)
a and t are to be taken.
2
I

IRRATIONAL

66

341.03.
s
341.05.
341.07.
341.09.

ALGEBRAIC

= & - -$ log F
I

dx
1
53 =wf+zt

S
S
S

1 -

FUNCTIONS
*
I

Slog
c$i

.
I

dX

i-e =&+&+-J&log

$; = &7+&+~+&~lolq.

342.01.
342.05.
342.07.
342.09.
343.01.
343.03.
343.05.

344.01.
344.03.
344.05.

S
S
Skg-!&+g.
Sx$=-; (-;+2t+&.
Sg5 = -$ (- g3- y +Z+$).
-g3

dx
xq =

>

For 342 and 344, put 22 = $ ; then dx = (1 td&z345.01.

sg

= -

[&+~&+gJo!$yyJ.

INTEGRALS

345.03.
346.01.
346.03.
350.01.
350.03.
350.05.
351.01.
351.9.
352.01.

j-g

INVOLVING

67

t = (a - x2)*/2

= - [&+&-$g+gk%jq]-

= -;

J
x$ = - -$

x5 + ;$

+ &j

-;+$+!!L+$.
(

>

xt
a2
t ax = 2+--ain-l~.

[See note under 320.01.1

+Ea4
sin-1
a.
=$ +i a2&
St3ax
s
=- t.
xtdx
=--5
Sxp&T
S
xi?
S
t5clx = xG + $ a2xt3 + $ a4xt + f6 a6 sin-l 2.
a
t3
3

xp+l&

351.03.

= - -

t2p+3

2P

+ 3

x2t dx = - -4 +$?+$fsin-lz.

[See note under 320.01.1

352.03.
353.01.
353.9.
354.01.

S
S
S

x2p&J = - XP
-6 +2$!ffa~+$sin-*~-

$td.+$!?

&2p+ldx =

353.03.
p-G
2p---

$t3dx +!$f.

a2pP#

2P

& da: = - dt3 -+ga4t3

6

+ 3
a6
+ 16sin-1t.
[See note under 320.01.1

354.03.

3
x4t3dz = - if!! -- a2xt5 -a4xP
8
16 + 64 + izsa6"
3

+ ma8sin-10.

68
355.01.
355.03.
355.9.
361.01.
361.03.
361.05.
361.07.
362.01.
362.03.
362.05.
363.01.

363.03.
363.05.
364.01.

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

x2 dx = -

S
S

&2P+l&J

ax

a:*

z+y

= - ; + ?I$% - q! *

&3dx

t
S

FUNCTIONS

t2p-f

= t - a log q
I

2p + 3
I

[See note under 341.01.1

t3clxt3
S- = 3 + a2t - a3 logI if-$!
X

&lxt5
S
-

= 3 + a;

+ a4t - a6

log

-a $- t .
X I

S
s

a4pP+3

ga2pp+5

-2p+$qz--+

a'log

t ax
= - ; - sin--l I.
X2

a+t
-

[See note under 320.01.1

t3czxt3
S
t%x
a4
S
tax =
T
S
[See note under
Sf$ = - i$ - ; +2 logIT I.
t5ax
7
= - & - i t3 - % & + % a3 log
q
I
J
t3
tax
24 = - -.
3a21;3
S
X
---g = - z - z3 xt - z3 a2 sin-1 a

5 -

f xt3 -

$! a2xt -

sin-1

z.

X2

341.01.1

t3dX

364.03.
s

-gr=
[See note under 320.01.1

INTEGRALS
364.05.
365.01.
365.03.
366.01.
366.03.
367.01.
368.01.

OF BINOMIAL

DIFFERENTIALS

69

t5ax
S-g-=-~+ZfT!+$!+~~~~~~4~.
S- =- -&+&
S- =
t
S
S
S
SF =- t dx
2

+&log

t3dx
2

--$+~&2+;-&~10g~a+l.

dx
7=

-&i($+&)*

t3dx
z=

- -. t6
5a2z5

t dx
-g-=-s
t dx

J+

t +&+&+&p+y

E3
7a22 ( L+&2+&)x4

Integrals of Binomial Diflerentials

Reduction Formulas
370.

371.

xm(axn + b)p dx
1
=m+np+l

npb
S

x*+~uP +

1
xm(axn + blP dx = bn(p + 1)
+

372.

xn(axn + b)~ dx = (m : l)b

xw- dx I

xm+lUP+l

1)

xm(axn.+ b)p dx =

xw+dx

xm+W+l

- ah + n + np + 1)
373.

S
S

x+up dx

1
-

1
pI-n+lUP+l
ah + np + 1) [
- (m - n + 1)b xrn-~p dx -

m,

Here u = axn + b, and a, b, p,

and n may be any numbers
for which no denominator vanishes.

70

IRRATIONAL
Integrals

380.001.
5

ALGEBRAIC

Involving

FUNCTIONS

1T12= (ax2 + bx + c)lI

dx
-- -& log I2(aX)2
p
1
= pi Es*-

@~;--+b2;12 9

= &210g 12al: + bl,

380.003.

g2

380.009.

380.011.

380.013.

S
S

g2

[bE(h]

4ax + 2b
(4~ - b2)X12
8a
+ 4ac - b2> *

dx
X(ln+l)li

xdx
= $!
Xl/Z

S
S

values of sin-l, between - 1~/2 and ?r/2, are to

s
380.005.

[4zc?%]

(2~3~+ b)
sin-1 (b2 - 4ac)2
a < 0, b2 > 4ac,
I2ax
+ b 1 < (b2 - 4a~)~ I .
[

-= (:$,2

The principal
be taken.

Ca> 01,

+ 2az + bl ,

(zn

- ;;

4ax + 2b
l)(4ac - b2)X(2n--l)/2
-. dx

;y(2n--012

+ (2% !&UC_

b2)

[See 380.001.1

dx
x1/2

2bx + 4c .
xdx
-X812 = (4ac - b2)X2

380.019.
380.02 1.
[See 380.001.1

TRIGONOMETRIC
400.01.

400.02.
400.03.
400.04.
400.05.
400.06.
400.07.
400.08.

FUNCTIONS

sin2 A + cos2 A = 1.
sin A = d(1 - cos2 A).
cos A = 4 (1 - sin2 A).
tan A = sin Afcos A.
ctn A = cos A/sin A = l/tan A.
set A = l/cos A.
csc A = l/sin A.
sin (- A) = - sin A.

400.09. cos (- A) = cos A.

400.10. tan (- A) = - tan A.
400.11. sec2 A - tan2 A = 1.
400.12. set A = .,I(1 + tan2 A).
400.13. tan A = d(sec A - 1).
400.14. csc2A - ctn2 A = 1.
400.15. csc A = d(1 + ctn2 A).
400.16. ctn A = 4 (ax2 A - 1).
400.17. vers A = 1 - cos A.
Note that for real values of A the sign of the above radicals depends on
the quadrant in which the angle A lies.

401.01.
401.02.
401.03.
401.04.
401.05.
401.06.
401.07.
401.08.
401.09.
401.10.
401.11.
401.12.
401.13.
401.14.
401.15.

sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B.

sin (A - B) = sin A COBB - cos A sin B.

cos (A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B.

cos (A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B.
2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B).
2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos (A - B).
2 sin A sin B = cos (A - B) - cos (A + B).
sinA+sinB=2sin+(A+B)cos+(A-B).
sin A - sin B = 2 sin +(A - B) cos $(A + B).
cosA+cosB=2cos~(A+B)cos~(A-B).
cos A - cos B = 2 sin $(A + B) sin $(B - A).
sin2 A - sin2 B = sin (A + B) sin (A - B).
cos2A - cos2B = sin (A + B) sin (B - A).
cos2A - sin2 B = cos (A + B) cos (A - B)
= cos2 B - sin2 A.

.
see2 A + csc2A = sec2A cm2 A = sin2 A1cos2A 0

73

72
380.3 19.

IRRATIONAL

ALGEBRAIC

X(2n+Wdx

X(Zn+l)/2

=--2n + 1
+ !!

380.321.

FUNCTIONS

X(2n-l)/2dx + c

X2

where X = ax2 + bx + c.
383.1.
383.2.

[See 380.001 and 380.111.1

dx
- 2 (ax2 + bx)lj2.
x(ax2
+ bx)12 =
S
lx-a

dx
S (2ax

$2)1/2

383.3.

xdx
=
(2ax
- x2)l12
S

383.4.

384.1.
384.2.

384.3.
387.

X12dx
= -FI-aJg+gJ&,

XW4)/+j~

f&r

y---

(2ax

(2ax - xz)12dx

+2sin-1
a.

f~j31/2 a2

dx

-z log

x(xn + a2)1/2= - na

S
S
S

x-a

a+(x
+a2)lj2
.
392

dx
x(xn - a2)l12

(a3

[See note under 281.01.1

xlltdx
_

x3)1/2

sin-1

cw > VI7
1
-\I bd (fx2 + s> + xtl @f - as>
= 24 64 (bf - ag) log 4 b-i (fx + 9) - $4 W - as>

Cbf> wl.

FORMULAS

75

403.10. When n is an even, positive integer,

(n - 2)
sin nA = (- 1) P/2)+1~0s A p-1 sin-1 A - - 11 23 ainn A
n - 3, (n - 4, 2 sin~b A
+(
2!
+ ...~
- tn -4)(n-5)n-)~,sin~,A
3!
J
the series terminating where a coefficient = 0.
403.11. An alternative series, giving the same results for numerical values of 12,is
sin A - (n2 - 22>sin3A
3!
n2 - 22>(n2 - 42>sjn3A
+(
5!
_ (n2-2)(n2-2)(n2-62)pin,A+
...~
)
7!
I
[n even and > 01. [Ref. 34, p. 181.1

sin nA = n COBA

403.12. When n is an odd integer > 1

sin nA = (- 1) b-1) 12 J-1 sb A - $23 sinnm2A
II
nb - 4)(n - 5) 2-7 sinn4 A
dn
+
2y 3, 2c sin+ A 3!
n(n - 5)(n - 6)(n - 7, ~ sin-BA _ . . .
+
4!

1J2

the series terminating where a coefikient = 0.

403.13. An alternative series is
n(n2 - 12j
sin3 A
3!
+ n(n2 - 12)(n2 - 32) &A
_ . . ..
5!
[n odd and > 01. [Ref. 34, p. 180.)

sin nA = n sin A -

403.22. cos2A = cos2A - sin2A = 2cos2A - 1 = 1 - 2ti2A

ctn A - tanA
1 - tan2 A
=1+tan2A=ctnA+tanA

TRIGONOMETRIC

74
401.2.

FUNCTIONS

p cos A + q sin A = T sin (A + O),

where
r = 3/(p2 + q2), sin 0 = p/r,

cos l9 = q/r

OF

p cos A + q sin A = r cos (A - p),

where
r = d(p2 + q2), co9 (0 = p/r,

sin q = q/r-

Note that p and q may be positive or negative.

402.01. sin (A + B + C)
= sin A cos B cos C + cos A sin B cos C
+ cos A cos B sin C - sin A sin B sin C,
402.02. cos (A + B + C)
= cos A cos F cos C - sin A sin B cos C
- sin A cos B sin C - COBA sin B sin C.
402.03. 4 sin A sin B sin C
= sin (A + B - C) + sin (B + C - A)
+ sin (C + A - B) - sin (A + B + C).
402.04. 4 sin A cos B cos C
= sin (A + B - c) - sin (B + C - A)
+ sin (C + A - B) + sin (A + B + C).
402.05. 4 sin A sin B cos C
= - cos (A + B - C) + cos (B + C - A)
+ cos (C + A - B) - cos (A + B + C).
402.06. 4 cos A cos B COBC
= cos (A + B - C) + cos (B + C - A)
+ cos (C + A - B) + cos (A + B + C).
2tanA
403.02. sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A =
1 + tan2 A
403.03. sin 3A = 3 sin A - 4 sin3 A.
403.04. sin 4A = cosA(4 sin A - 8 sin3 A).
403.05. sin 5A = 5 sin A - 20 sin3 A + 16 sin5 A.
403.06. sin 6A = cos A(6 sin A - 32 sin3 A + 32 sin5 A).
403.07. sin 7A = 7 sin A - 56 sin3 A + 112 sin5A - 64 sin7 A.

FORMULAS

77

405.03.

ctn (A + B) = c&AAct

;n-Bl

= lt,

ty+yny?

405.04.

ctn (A - B) = tr,,,l

znsA1 = It2 ymAtFnnBB.

405.05.

tan A + tan B = tzs(f

405.06.

tan A - tan B =

405.07.

ctn A + ctn B = ;,p,y &;.

405.08.

sin (B - A)
ctn A - ctn B = sin A sin B .

405.09.

tan A + ctn B = cos A sin B

405.10.

ctnA

406.02.

2 tan A
2 ctn A
tan 2A = 1 _ tan2 A = ctn2 A
-l=ctnA-tanA

406.03.

tan 3A =

406.04.

tan 4A = 1

406.12.

ctn 2A =

406.13.

ctn 3A =

ctn3 A - 3 ctn A
3 ctn2 A - 1 *

406.14.

ctn 4A =

ctn4 A - 6 ctn2 A + 1
4 ctn3 A
- 4 ctnA

406.2.

sin A
tan 9IA = - cos A =
sin A
1 + cos A = 4

lcos A
1 + cos A,)

406.3.

ctn $A =

sin A
1 + cos A =
1 - cosA =
sin A
4

1 + cos A
1 - cosA > *

Ls?.

sin (A - B)

cm A cos B

cos (A - B)

- tanB

cos (A + B)

= sinAcosB

3 tan A - tan3 A
1 -3tan2A

4 tan A - 4 tan3 A
- 6 tan2 A + tan4 A

ctn2 A - 1

2 ctnA

1 - tan2A

2 tan A

= ctnA ; tan A.

76

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

403.23. cos3A
403.24. cos 4A
1 403.25. cos 5A
/ 403.26. cos6A

= 4cos3A - 3 cos A.
= 8 cos4A - 8 cos2A + 1.
= 16 cos5 A - 20cos3A + 5 cos A.
= 32 cos6A - 48 cos4A + 18 cos2A - 1.
403.27. cos7A = 64 cos7A - 112~0s~ A + 56cos3A - 7 cosA.
cosnA = 2n-1cosnA - ;2"a~osn-2A

403.3.

+ ncn2y 3, 2""c0s"~A

+ n(n
terminating

.
-

- n(n - 4)(n - 5)
~"-'cos"-~ A
3!

5)(n 4! f3>b 7) 2n-9 cosn4 A _ . . . ,

where a coefficient = 0,
[n an integer > 21.
[Ref. 4, pp. 409, 416 and 417, and Ref.. 34, p. 177.1

sin $A = d{$(l - cos A) ).

cos $A = d{i(l + cos A)].
404.12. sin2 A = $(- cos 2A + 1).
404.13. sin3A = a(--ain3A+3sinA).
404.14. sin4 A = g(cos4A - 4 cos 2A + I).
404.15. sin5 A = &(sin 5A - 5 sin 3A + 10 sin A).
cos6A + 6 cos4A - 15 cos 2A + 9).
404.16. sin6A = A(sin 7A + 7 sin 5A - 21sin 3A
404.17. sin7 A = &(+ 35 sin A).
404.22. cos2A = ;(cos 2A + 1).

403.4.
403.5.

404.23.
404.24.
404.25.
404.26.
404.27.

cos3A =
cos4A =
cos5A =
cosjA =
COSTA=

s(cos3A + 3cosA).
+(cos 4A + 4 cos 2A + +).
&,(cos5A + 5 cos3A + 10~0s A).
&(cqs6A + 6cos4A + 15~0s 2A $ 2#).
&(cos7A + 7 cos5A + 21~0s 3A
+ 35 COB
A).

mo. 404 can be extended by inspection by using binomial coefficients.]

tan A - tan B

405.02. tan (A - B) = 1 + tanAtanB

= ctn B - ctn A
ctnActnB+

FORMULAS

79

408.02. cos x = J2 (eb + e*).

408.03. tanx

= -;(ep-~)

= -+$2).

[EULERS FORMULA].
408.04. eb = cos x + i sin 5,
408.05. ez+& = e=(cosx + i sin x).
408.06. p+2 = u!+[cos(x log a) + i sin (x log a)].
408.07. (cos x + i sin x)n = einz = co9 nx + i sin nx,
[DE MOIVRES FORWJW].
408.08. (cos 2 + i sin x)- = co8 nx - i sin 122.
408.09. (cos 2 + i sin x) = cos x - i sin 2.
408.13. ctn (ix) = - i ctnh x.
408.10. sin (ix) = i sinh x.
408.11. cos (ix) = cash x.
408.14. set (ix) = sech x.
408.15. csc (ix) = - i csch x.
408.12. tan (ix) = i tanh x.
408.16. sin (x f iy) = sin x cash y f i cos x sinh y.
408.17. CO8(x f iy) = cos x cash y F i sin x sinh y.
sin 2x f i sinh 2y .
cos 2x + cash 2y
sin 2x -f i sinh 2y .
408.19. ctn (x f iy) =
cash 2y - cos 2x
408.18. tan (x f iy) =

409.01. ceiZ = cei(z+2kd,where k is an integer or 0,

= g(cos x + i sin 2) = ck.
[Ref. 37, p. 51.1
409.02, 1 = e0+2kri= cos 0 + i sin 0. Note that
cos2h = COS2T= coso = 1.
409.03. - 1 = e+(2k+1)ri= cos r + i sin n. Note that
log (- 1) = (2k + 1)7ri.
409.04. 41 = e2k*i12. This has two different values, depending
on whether k is even or odd. They are, respectively,
,(Zr+l)
ri
grri = cos 0 + i sin 0 = 1,
= cos 7r + i sin ?r = - 1,
where T is an integer or 0.
409.05. d( - 1) = e(27+1)*i12.This square root has two different
values, depending on whether r is even or odd; they are,
respectively,

CO8
E
+ i sinn2 = i,
2

~0s!!T+ i sinST= - d.
2
2

TRIGOEOMETRIC

78

407.

FUNCTIONS

= 0

sin 0

= cos 90.

sin 15 = sin $j = w

sin 18 = sin 6

= 45 4

sin 30 = sin F6

= -21

sin 36 = sin I
5

= 46

sin 45 5 sin f
4

= 42

75.

= cos 72.
= cos 60.

- 6)
242

= cos 540.
= cos 45.

3a
1
sin 54 = sin lo = 45 4+
sin 60 = sin:

COS

- ~0~36~.

43
= 2

= co9 30.

gin 72 = sin $ = 52:2d5

= ~0s 18.
= CO8 15O.

sin 90 = sin F = 1
2

= cos 0.
[Ref. 4, pp. 406-407.1

sin 120 = sin 271----. d3

3
2

4n
sin 240 =:sin-=--.
3

c0s120 = cos$

cos2400 = coscT = -1.

3
2

= - ;.

113
2

sin 180 = sin 7r = 0.

sin 270 = sin ?b?

2 = - 1-

cos 180 = cos 7r = - 1.

3n
cos 270 = cos - = 0.
2

408 .01 .

sin 2 = L (e - e-j=), where i = +- \I(2i

1).

Note that in electrical work the letter j is often used instead of i

FORMULAS
410.

81
Let a, b, and c be the sides

Formulas for Plane Triangles.

opposite the angles A, B, and C.

410.01.

a2 = b + c2 - 2bc cos A.

410.02.

-$

410.03.

a = b cos C + c cos B.

410.04.

A + B + C = ?r radians = 180.

410.05.

sin $ =

410.06.

COB$ =

410.07.

tan f =

410.08.

tan q

= -

sin B

sin

(s - b)(s - c)
4

bc

@;

I).

>

, wheres=$(a+b+c)+

(s--lb-4
.
s(s- a) >
= s

ctn p*

To find c from a, b and C, when using logarithmis

trigonometric tables, let

410.09.

tan 0 = s
410.10.

tan E ;

then

= (U - b)

cos

g SBC 8.

The area of a triangle is

:absinC

= ~{s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)] = ;sins!y

If C = 90, c2 = a2 + b2. To find c = 4(a2 + b2) when

using logarithmic tables, let tan 0 = b/a; then c = a set 8.

410.11.

This is useful also in other types of work.

410.12.

See also Table 1000.

In a plane triangle,

log a = log b -

; cos A + g2eos2A

+ ...

+ -$ cos nA + . . . ,
>
= log c -

5 cos A + 6
+ 2

tc < bl,

cos 2A + . . .
cos nA + * . . ,
>

Cb< c].
[See 418.1

80

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

409.06. $1 = e2k*i3. This has three different values:

e27*i= cos 0 + i sin 0 = 1,
e(2rs+2a/3)

= ~0s-4n + i sin -4T = - f -iilL,

eh+4r/3)i

409.07. 41 = e2kai14;
this has four different values:
e2r*j = cos 0 + i sin 0 = 1,
= cos T + i sin i = i,
2
e(2~r+4d4)i
= cos 7r + i sin a = - 1,
3a + i sin _
3n = - i.
e(2~T+MlOi
= ~0s _
2
2

e(2rs+2r/4)i

[See 409.04 and .OS.]

409.08. di = e(48+1)ri14,
from 409.05, putting T = 2s.
This has 2 values:
&I4

e5d4

4OQ.OQ,

= cosE + i sin- n- = _1

+i,
4
= ~0s 5a
- + i sin ,
- = - &
4
31 = e2kriln = ~0s ?

(s even),
+ $),

(s odd).

+ i sin T*

There are n different values, corresponding to different values

of k. The equation O = 1 has n different roots:
2n
isinn,2n
Wl = cos ;+
w. = cos 0 + i sin 0 = 1,

Note that, by 408.07,

cd2= W12, 03 = W13,

Ok= Wlk,

WrJ= w;n.

409.10. All the nth roots of a quantity may be obtained from

any root by multiplying this root by the n roots of unity given
[Ref. 10, pp. 21-22.1
in 409.09.

82

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

Trigonometric Series
415.01.

sin 5 = z - g+g-;+
.
.

415.02.

cos 2 = 1 A+$$+
.

415.03.

tan x = x + f + 2 25 +

...

. . ..

[x2 < * 1.

. ..)

+ 22n(22* - mxzn--l
(2n) !

Ix2<1*
n2

+ . . .,

4
[See 45.1

415.04.

22Be zn--1
. . . -(2n)p
---->

Lx < I?].
[See 45.1

415.05.

277
8o64 x8 + * * a

set x = 1 + g f 4 x4 4- gp-

. . . +- E,x2
(2n) ! + * *
[See 45.1
415.06.

csc x = 5 + $j + &,x3

+ -?!x6 + &
15,120
. . . + 2(2- - 1) B,,x~--~ + - - -,
(2n) !

x7 + . . [x < n].
[See 45.3

415.07.

x2 sin 0
sin (0 + 2) = sin 0 + 2 cos 0 - 7
-~ 53cos e
3!

415.08.

x2 cos e
cos (e + X) = cos e - 2 sin e - 2,
x3 sin e ~4cos e
+

416.01.

x4sin e
+7$-j-

sin 3x

f = sin x -i- 3

sin 5x

-!- -g--

3!

sin 7x

i- 7

+4!

+ ****

- *a-.

i- * * . ,

[0 < 2 < 7r, exclusive].

TRIGONOMETRIC
416.02. c, a constant, = f

83

SERIES

sin 32 sin 5x
sin 2 + 3
+ -g[0 < x < 7r, exclusive].

416.03.
[0 < 2 < a, exclusive].
cos 3x
416.04. ; = cos x -~+2ys!qz+

. . ..
7r
- z < x < T, exclusive *
J

cos
3x
--+Ep

- f < x < i, exclusive .

416.06.
I

[-

7r < x < 7r, exclusive].

sin 3x
sin 4x
sin 2x
+ 3
+ 4
f * *. ,
416.08. x = n - 2 sin x + 2
CO< x < 2n, exclusive].
sin 32 sin 5x
+ 52
416.09. x = $ sin x - 32
- f < 2 < ; , inclusive
416.10. x = f - ;

cos 3x
cos 5x
cos 7x
CO82 + - 32 + - 52 + - 72 +
[0 < 2 < ?r, inclusive].

84

TRIGONOMETRIC

416.11.

x2 = ;

FUNCTIONS

- 4 CDSX - cos 2x + -cos 3x

22
3
-- cos424x + *-* ,
>

[-

cosx-3,+

cos 3x

416.12.

x2=;-;

416.13.

d - 1r2x = - 12 sin x - y

r < 2 < 5r, inclusive].

cos 5x
53
----F+-*.

cos 7x
>*

+ y

sin 4x

---F+416 . 14.

sin x = 4 ( 1 -- cos 2x -- cos 4x -- cos 6x I.3

3.5
5.7
n- \2

416.15.

cos x = -

>

. . .> .

...

&sin4x+&sin6x+

...

,
[0 < 2 < T, exclusive].

416.16.

2 sin arr

sin ax = ~

-ir
3 sin 3x
-+ 32
- a2

where a is not an integer,

416.17.

cos ax =

where a is not an integer.

[0 < 2, inclusive; x < r, exclusive].

2a sin a7r z2+2EL1

nl2 - a2

...

cos 2x
22 - a2

[0 < 2 < r, inclusive],

[Ref. 7, pp. 301-309.1

416.18.

set x = 2(cos x - cos 3x + cos 5x - cos 7x -I- . . s).

416.19.

sec2x = 22(cos 2x - 2 cos 4x + 3 cos 6x

- 4cos8x

+ *--)e

TRIGONOMETRIC

84
416.11.

x2 = f

- 4 c3sx--7

--

416.13.

cos 4x
42

FUNCTIONS

cm 2x

+ >

TRIGONOMETRIC

cos 3x
+32

416.20.

85

3.4
se9 x = 23 cos 3x - g cos 5x + -g- cos 7x
(
3.4.5
- 7
COR9x + - - >

[ - 7~< x < -rr, inclusive],

416.21.

csc 2 = 2(sin x + sin 3x + sin 5x + sin 7x + . . s).

416.22.

csc22 = - 22(cos 2x + 2 cos 4x + 3 cos 6x

+ 4 cos 8x + - . -).

416.23.

csc3x = - 23 c sin 3x + : sin 5x + 2 sin 7x

.
,
3.4.5
sin 9x + .
+
3!

2 - a2x = - 12 sin x

416.14.

4 1
cos 2x
sin x = - ( --m-m-m-...
-r \2

416.15.

cos x = -

cos 6x

cos 4x

417.1.

sin 4x + m sin 6x + . * *

[0 < x < 7r, exclusive].

2 sin an

wheres is not an integer,

2 sin 2x
22 - a2

...

417.3.

[0 < x, inclusive; x < g, exclusive].

2n sin an z;Ei+2EL1
cos ax =
a
l2 - a2

cos 2x

417.4.

22 - a2

[O < x < 7r, inclusive],

where a is not an integer.

417.2.

- -

3 sin 3x
+ ~32 - a2

[Ref. 4, pp. 414 and 421.1

. . . + (2n_ l)n(2n
+ 1Jsin2nx+ -*-I ,

416.17.

SERIES

[Ref. 7, pp. 301-309.1

416.18.

set x = 2(cos x - cos 3x + cos 5x - cos 7x -I- * * *>.

416.19.

sec2x = 22(cos 2x - 2 COB4x + 3 cos 6x

- 4 cos 8x + * * *>.

418.

1
(a sin 20 + a2 sin 30
=1.+&e
1 - 2a cos 0 + a2
+ a3sin40 + ...),
[a < 11.
[Ref. 29, p. 87.1
1 - a2
= 1 -j- 2(a cos 0 + a2 cos 20
1 - 2a cos 0 + a2
+ a3cos30 + ***),
[a < 11.
1 - a cos 3
= 1 + a cos 0 + a2 cos 20
1 - 2a cos 0 + a2
+dcos30 + *em,
[a < 11.
sin 0
= sin0 + asin
1 - 2a cos e + a2
.

+ a2sin30 + .**,
[a < 11.

log (1 - 2a cos 0 + a2)

= -

a cos 0 + g cos 20 + $ cos 30 + - - .

>

La< 11,
=21oglal

-2

cos 20
~+_z;E~-+F+**-

[a > l].

cos 30

,
>
[Ref. 7, Art. 292.1

TRIGONOMETRIC

86
419.1.

TX sin 0
P sin bx = --g-+
.

r2x2

sin 28 +TSx3sin30+
21
3!

where r = d(a2 + b2), a = r cm 0, and

419.2.

Pcosbx

= 1+,,+

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

TXcos e

TRIGONOMETRIC

b = r sin 0.

~2~2cos 28

...

2,
.

.
1-32~cos

38 + . . .

3!

sin (Y + sin 2cu + sin 3a + * 0. + sin n(y

. n+l
sm
2
=

. net
a sm 2 .

sin e
2
420.2.

4274. .

dab
dx

4272. .

d=
dx

= - shx .

4275. .

d- secx = set x tan 2.

dx

4273. .

dtanx
dx

= sec2x .

TRIGONOMETRIC

00s a + cos 2a + cos 3a + - +- + cos na

cos n+l
2
=

6
sin ;i

where r is an integer.
422.1.

si~e=e(l--$)(l-&)(l-&)~~~~~~~ml~

422.2.

008

8 = (I-$)(I-$.J(l-$.J)-,

da

I=

COB
wda

sin 0

COB
0

- sin mdm

siru

473
--L

cos-1zc

--

-t8IlW

8.x w dw

tmrlzc

dU

da
%5=2
du
l+u

_-

6 sin!$
1
.

secwtanwdw

1
-

If sin e = x sin (e + (Y),

e+m=xsina!+$x2sin2a+QzSsin3a+...,

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

/se0 0

CRef. 2;, Chap. V.]

421.

d csc x
= - cscxctnx.
dx

du

II-

008 a + COB(a + 6) + cos (a + 26) + * - *

+ cos [a + (n - 1)6) =

. .

sin ~1+ sin (a + S) f sin ICU+ 26) + . . .

ns
n-l
6 sin 3
sin cz + 2
)
.
+ sin {LY+ (n - 1)6j =
6
sin 2

cos a + It+-!
(

42,6

= - ,&x

In integrating from one point to another, a processof curve plotting is

frequently of a&stance.
Some of the curves, such as the tan curve, have
more than one branch. In general, integration should not be carried out
from a point on one branch to a point on another branch.

420.4.

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES

d sin = cos x .
dx

. nff
(Ysm 2 .
sin a!
2

420.3.

87

427 . 1.

where T and 0 are as in 419.1.

420.1.

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

Cx< 11,
[Ref. 29, Art. 78.1

[:ez-wI.

429. Substitutions:*
Replace ctn x, set x, csc x by l/tan x, l/cos x, l/sin x, respectively.
Notes.

(a) JF(sin x) cos x &,--use (1).

(b) JF(cos 2) sin x &,---use (2).
(c) JF(tan 2) secl 5 dx,-use (3).
(d) Inspection of this table shows desirable substitutions from trigonometric to algebraic, and conversely. Thus, if only tan x,
sin2 x, co@x appear, use (3).

* Prom Macmilkm

Mathematied

Tables.

TRIGONOMETRIC

88

Integrals
430.10.

430.101.

sin x dx = -

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

Involving

sin x

430.23.

cos 5.

s
sin (a + bx)dx = - ; CO8(a + bx).

430.30.

430.11.

s x sin x dx = sin 2 - x

sin z dx = - ucos~.

430.31.
2.

J x2 sin x dx = 2x sin 2 - (x2 - 2) cos 2.

4ao.50.

430.14.

430.15.

430.16.

430.19.

430.20.
430.21.

430.22.

$&$xdx:~-

T-s

(.

3x

>

sin 2x

(3083x
sin3 x dx = - 3 - cos 2 .

S
S

x cos 3x
sin 3x
= - 12
---- 36

x&3x&

S
S

2 sin x dx = (3x2 - 6) sin x -

- 6~)

(x3

cos

X.

430.60.

x4 sin x dx = (4x3 - 24x) sin x

430.70.

- (x4 - 12x2 + 24) cos x.

- (25 - 20x3 + 120X) cos 5.

S
S
S
S

sin5 x dx

5 cos 2
=-s+48--*

xm sin x dx = - a; cos x + m

[See 440.1

431.11.

sinx dx = - -35 cos x + -7 cos 3x

64
64

sin x cos x
sin 2x
x
2
*
= 2- 2 - - 4
sin2 x dx = 1:

S
S

X2

x sin 2x

- ~

x2 sin2 x dx = - -

Integrate

expressions in 404.1

-sin x dx

For table of numerical values, see Ref. 4, pp. 291 and 295 and Ref. 55 f.

431.13.

431.14.

cos 2x
- -*
8
431.19.
x cos 2x
sin 2~ - 4

[Ref. 1, p. 239.

cos 7x
-.
448

cos x dx.

[Ref. 2, p. 137.1

sin 6x
192

7 cos 5x
- -+
320

431.12.

x-l

cos 5x
80

5 cos 3x

3 sin 4x
x dx = g _ l5 sin 2x
16
64
+64--

sin6

x6 sin x dx = (625 - 12023 + 720~) sin x

- (x - 30x4 + 360x2 - 720) cos x.

sin3 x by 404.13.1

sin 2x
sin4 x dx = g8 ---+EEg.

25 sin x dx = (5x4 - 60x2 + 120) sin x

xsin2xdx

3
34 x cos 2 + ;? sin x.

[Expand
COS

430.40.

430.13.

89

sin x

- (y-~)cos2x.

430.102.

430.12.

INVOLVING

sin x dx
yi---=

S
S
S
S

--

sin x
2

cos x dx
-. X

21

sin x dx
x
[See 431.11.3

sin x dx
----z--=------

sin
2x2x

sin x dx
--F--=-

sin 2
COBx
---622+6x

-sin x dx = -

+
1
cos x dx
sin 2
-Tpzi-m
1
(m - 1)x%--l
[Ref. 2, p. 138.1

Xrn

cos
2x 2

[See 441.11.1

--- 2
sin

cos x dx
I.
1
6
[See 4412.11.]

S
S

TRIGONOMETRIC

90
431.21.

431.31.

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS
432.19.

sin2 x dx

S
S

sina x dx
2

sin x dx
3
=- 4 s --- X

sin 3x d(3x)
*
3x
[See 431.11.1

432.20.

term by 431.1 and 441.1.

432.21.
432.29.
432.30.
432.31.

(Lambda function).
[See 603.6.1

432.40.
432.41.
1G
?

432.50.

432.60.
FIO. 432.10. Dotted graph, csc z.

x dx
--=x+gj

Expand A

sin x

x3

sin x

+
x2dx
sin

Full line graph, log I tan i I -

432.90.

72
-127x9
.-31X
+
3.5-91
3*5*5! + 3*7*7!

e..
+

W2-l

s&

= scsesdx

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

(2n + l)!

> 03

= - ctnx.

x dx
T=
sin x

-xctnx+log(siox~.

xndx
*
sin2 x

Expand &

Em

by 416.22,

> 1-J.

dx
sin3

x dx
3 x
win

dx
sin4

2 cos x
[See 432.11.1

= --

dx
sins

cos x
SE----.5 sin6 2

6 sm2x --xctnx
3

cos x
3 cos 2
3
-8sin2x+s10g
4 sin4 x

= Jcscxdx
=-

+ gog

dx
sin5

J&

ctI13

cos x
2
=----ctnx=-&nx--.
3 sin3x
3

x dx
x cos x
sin4 z---- 3 sin3 2

- 1) +...
j3x2n+l

by xm and
lk

(sin x1.
.

tan:

4 OS x
15 sinax - 815 &n x

cos
x

n-2
+- n - 1
(n - 1) Sb.F1 x

dx
&Yizg*
[n > 11.

432.91.

x dx

snP
7=-(--2

2 co9 2
1
1) six-F 2 - (n - 1) (n - 2) sirP2x
n-2
+- n-l

91

by 415.06, multiply

[See 45.1
432.12.

sin x

integrate,

Expand sin* x by 404 and integrate each

432.11.

xdx
-*
sm 2

INVOLVING

x dx
sirP2
x

En > 2-J.

TRIGONOMETRIC

92
433.01.

433.06.
433.07.
433.08.

436.00.

S
s

433.03.

433.05.

INTEGRALS

433.02.

433.04.

FUNCTIONS

=xctn(i--$)+2log)sin(;-G)j.

434.04
434.05.

dx

sin x(1 + sin 2)

=tan(:--E)

+logItangi.

436.01.
436.02.
436.03.

a2)

= 4 (b2

a2)

a2)

m-1a tan (x/2) + b

4 (a2 _ b2)
9

[a b21,

a tan (x/2) + b - d (b2 - a)

1% atan(x/2)+b+d(b2-a2)

1
[b2 > a27
ta*+

a tan (x/2) + b
4 (b2 - a2)

Iatan(x/2)+bI
ddY--l

<d(bz-a2)7

a tan (x/2) + b
4 (b2 _ a2)
7

Ja tan (x/2) + b) > 4 (b2 - a)].

Also Ref. 7, p. 16 and Ref. 5, No. 298.3

sin xdx
2
a
a + b sin x = 6-Z

S
S

a+bsinx

dx
x
b
= ~Iog~taII-~
- -J
sin x(a + b sin x)
a
2
a

dx
a + b sin x

dx
bcosx
(a+bsinx)2=(a2-b2)(a+bsinx)
s
dx
a+bsinx

+-f-a2 - b2
436.04.

dT
=
-?k
= tan x.
- sin2 2
s cos2 2

sin mx sin nx dx = si~((mm_~)x

435.

93

The integration should not be carried out from a point on one branch
of the curve to a point on another branch. The function becomes infinite
at z = sin-1 (- a/b), which can occur when 1zz1 < =.

+logItan;j.

S
S
S
S
s

= 4 (b2i

[See 160.01.

dx
= tan(:+z)
sin x(1 - sin 2)

434.06.

tan

b2)

[b2 > a2,

sin x dx
- sin x

434.03.

2
-

= -\I (b2_2

434.01.
434.02.

(a2

[b2 > a,
sin x dx
1 + sin x

S
S
S
S

sin x

dx
a+bsinx
s
= 4

INVOLVING

+
ISee 442.20.1

b2

b
-

a2

dx
s a + bsinx

[For 436.01 to 436.04, see 436.00.1

- sif~~n,x~

s
[m2 # n2.

sin xdx
acosx
(a+bsinx)2=(b2-a2)(a+bsinx)

If m2 = n2, see 430.201

436.5.

dx
1
d(a2 + b2) tan x
s a2 + b2sin2 x = ad (a + b2) tan-
a
[a > b].

TRIGONOMETRIC

94
436.6.

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

Infegtols

Whena=b=l,
1
dx
tan-l (*
1 + sin2 x = 72

440.10.

tan 2).

See also the alternative solution in 434.05, which diiers by 8

constant.
436.7.

437.1.
437.2.

437.3.

440.102.

tan 2,
a
La > b2, a > 01,
dm
tan 2 + a
1
= 2ad (b2 - a) log I dm)
tan x - a
[b2 > a2, a > 0-j.
If b2 = a2, see 434.06.
m cos x
1
sin x dx
j (1 + m2

1
tan-l m
= 04 (a - b2)

440.11.
440.12.
440.13.

sin2
x)=- msin-
4(1+m>
*
E--

(sin x) 4 (1 +
JI+

log (mcosx + d(l

m

E$? 4 (1 + m2sin22) - !L!l$?f sin-1

440.16.

- qlog

cosadx = asin:.

xcosxdx

- m2sin2 2)
(mcosx + J(1 - m2sin2x)j.

= cos x + x sin x.

x2 cos x dx = 2x cos x + (x2 - 2) sin 2.

x3 cos x dx = (3x2 - 6) cos x + (x3 - 6x) sin x.

S
S

x6 cos x dx = (62 - 1202 + 720x) cos x

440.19.

xmcosxdx

+ (x6 - 30x4 + 360x2 - 720) sin x.

= xmsinx

- m
J

(sin x)4 (1 - m2sin2 x)dx

= A!?+(1

cos (a + bx)dx = i sin (a + bx).

mcosx
4 (1 + m) *

cos x

x4 cos x dx = (4ti - 24x) cos x

Jr
+ (x4 - 12x2 + 24) sin 5.
440.15.
25 cos x dx = (5x4 - 60x2 + 120) cos x
+ (9 - 20x3 + 120x) sin 5.

- m2sin2x)).

m2sin2 x)dx

93

440.14.

sin x dx
T<l - m2sin2 x)

=437.4.

dx

S
S
S
S
S
S

Involving

cos x

cos x dx = sin x.

440.101.

a2 - b2sin2 2

S
S

INVOLVING

440.20.

440.21.
440.22.
440.23.

xmmm--l
sin x dx .

[See 430.1
[Ref. 2, p. 137.1
sin
2x
sin 2 cos 2
cos2 x dx = ft-7=
;+
2

xcos2xdx

x2

2 sin 2x + cos 2x
= ;i- + A
O*

S
Sdcos2xdx
x2 cos2 x dx

x cos 2x
sin 2x + 4
.

=g+($-g)sin2x
+ ($

- A) cos22.

96

TRIGONOMETRIC

440.30.
440.31.

440.40.
440.50.

440.60.
440.70.

S
S

cos3xdx

S
S
S
S

441.9.

cos 3x
+ ixsinx
+ icosx.
36
[Expand cos3 x by 404.23,]

x sin 3x
=T+

cos5x&

co@xdx

cos7xdx

cos x dx
-=

4-4~10.

441.13.

441.14.

441.19.

441.21.

= X(x),
442.11.

Integrate

expressions in 404.1

x2
x4 -x+
log 1x1 - 6*6!
2*2! +m

cos
sin
- x dx = - -cos 2
- x - -1
2
2x2 +2s
2
cos 2

cos x da:

-=-323
X4

. -cos x dx = -

g42.12.

. ..*

X:

cos x
Cm - l)xm-l

cos x dx
-.

=--

3
4

cos 2 ax

1
+z

cos 3x d(3x) .
3x
pee 441.1&J

$42.20.

442.29.

5 dx
-.sinxTf&-1

cos 2x d(2x) .
2x
[See 441.1l.q

xdx
coS2

[See 640.7

z2n-1-2

+ (an;2)(2n)!+

442.30.
442031.

442.40.

[See 45.1

**-*

E,-,x*~+~
+(2n+1)(272-2)!+.*.

Expand kx

[See 45.1

by 415.05, multiply

integrate,

442.21,

1
-m - 1

S
...

[See 441.11.1

[See 431.11.1

*
-+
+ s;jnz2x

cos2 x dx

E
. . .

442.19.

sin x dx
-. 2

cos x

S
S

1 + sil; 2
= alog 1 _ sinx

(Lambda Function).

= 35
- sin 5 + -7 sin 3x + -7 sin 5x ( sin 7x.
64
64
320
448

cos x ax
22=---

cos3 xdx
441.31.

J&=Jsecxdx=logItan~+~)l

sin 5x
80

5x
15 sin 2x
3 sin 4x
sin 6x
= -16 +
+
+192*
64
64

97

COP 2 ax
xm *

= log lsecx + tanxl

z- 5 sin 2 + --L-S
5 sin 3x
8
48

cos x

Expand COPx by 404 and integrate each term by 442.1.

For table of numerical values, see Ref. 4, pp. 291 and 294 and Ref. 55 f.

441.12.

INVOLVING

cos4x dx

[Ref. 1, p. 240.
441.11.

INTEGRALS

sin3 x
- -a
3

= sinx

x cos3 2 ax

FUNCTIONS

by 2 and
[m Z 01.

sec2 x dx = tan x.
x dx
= stanx
cos2 2

S
S
S
S

2.

Expand sx

dx
*
= 3s+ztanx
cos4 2

+ Iog (cosx[.
by 416.19,

[m > 1-J.

[See 442.11, 1
= tanx+3.

tan3 x

98
442.41.

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

x sin 2
2 ax
-=--$-&++xtanx
(30842
3 cos3 x

444.01.

+ ilog
442.50.

Icosx\.

444.02.

444.03.
444.04.

442.60.
s
442.90.

442.91.

s-&

= Jsec~xdx

=-

sin x
(n - 1) COP--1x

444.05.
Cn > 13.

x ax
x sin x
1
C09R = (n - 1) COP--1x - (la - 1) (n - 2) COP2 2
x ax
n[n > 21.
+2
cos
n-1

443.01.
443.02.
443.03.
443.04.
443.05.
443.06.
443.07.
443.08.

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

dX

1 + cos 2

444.06.
445.

446.00.

= tan ;.

ctn

i + 2 log sin z .
I
I

cos x dx
- tan E.
1 + cos x * x

dx
cos x(1 + cos 2)

dx
cosx(1 - cosx)

dx
= itan;
(1 + cos x)2

cos x

+ ktan3g.

= - 1 ctn 2 --r&3?.
1
dx
(1 - cos x)
2
2
6

cos x dx
2
(1 + cos x) = Itan;

S
S
S
S
S

99

- 5 tan3 i.

= -&nS
1
- -ct$E.
1
cos x dx
2
2
8
2
(1 - cos x)2

1 + dx
cos2x = pj1 hrl

1 - dx
cos2x =

( 11 + 3cos2
co52xx > - [see 446.6.1

AZ-I
sin2 x = - ctn U.

cos mx cos nx dx = si~~~n~x

[See 432.20.1

+ si~~~n~x,

[m # n2. If m2 = n2, see 440.201.

dx
s a -I- b co9 x
(a - b) tan (x/2)
9
4 (a2 _ b2)

[a2 > b2],

1
- a) tan (x/2) + 4 (b2 - a)
= 1/ (b2 - a) log Ii - a) tan (x/2) - 4 (b2 - a2)
I
[b2 > a2],
2
(b - a) tan (x/2)
= 4 (b2 _ a2) tmh-

4 (b2 - a2)
[b2 > a2, ( (b - a) tan (x/2) 1 < 4 (b2 - a2)I,
2
@ - a) tan (x/2)
= ,/ (b2 _ a2> ctnh-l
a2)
'

x dx
= 2 tan g + 2 log co9 G .
1 + cos x
I
I

cos x dx =
1 - cos 2

INVOLVlNG

= 4 (0,2_ b2) tan-1

dx
= - ctn:.
1 - cos x
2

x dx
= - 2
1 - cos x

S
S

INTEGRALS

I'

(b2

[b2 > a2, 1(b - a) tan (x/2) 1 > 4 (b2 - a2)].

[See Ref. 7, p. 15, and Ref. 5, No. 300.1
The integration
one branch of the
function becomes
occur when 1x1 <
446.01.

cos x dx
a+bcosx

should not be carried out from a point on

curve to a point on another branch.
The
infinite at x = co@ (- a/b) which can
K.
=---x
b

a
dx
b s afbcosr

100
446.02.

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

dx
cos
x(a
+
b co6 2) = a
s

Integrals
dx
-- b
a s a + baosx

446.03.

dX
b sin 2
(a
+
b cos x) = (b2 - a2)(a -I- b cos 2)
s

-446.04.

446.2.

b2aa2

Ia2

b21

h+

[l~ltan~],

[Ref. 38, p. 52.1

446.5.
446.6.

dx
---*
s a + bcosx

cos x dx
a sin x
(a
+
b cos x) = (a - b2)(a + b cos x)
s
b
dx
-a2 - b2s a + b COST
[For 446.01 to 446.04, see 446.00.1
dx
*
J a2 + b2 - 2ab cos x
=

[a#b].
[See 446.00.)

1
atanx
dx
s a2 + b2cos2x = a4 (a + b2j tan- 4 (a2 + b2)
[a > O-J.
When a = b = 1,
dx
1 + co2 x

See also the alternative

a constant.

450.11.

450.12.
450.13.
450.19.
450.21.
450.22.
450.23.
450.31.
450.81.

Involving

sin x AND

cos x

101

sin x and cos x

sin2 x
+ constant
sin x cos x dx = = - 9
2
s
cos 2x
= - 4
+ constant.
sin x cos

cos4 x
= - -*
4

sinxcosxdx

cosfl x
= - -*
n+l

sin2xcosxdx

sin3 2
= -a
3

S
S

cos3 x
dx = - *
3

sinxcos3xdx
S

sin2xcos2xdx

= i(x

-y>*

S
S

sin2 x cos3 x dx =

sin3 x5cos2x + & sin3 x.

sin4 x
sin3 x cos x dx = *
4
S
S

sin x

cos

sirP+l 2
x dx = m+l

Km # - 1-J.
[If m = - 1, see 453.11.1

solution in 444.05, which differs by

450.9.
S

446.7.

INVOLVING

dx
s a2 - b2 cos2 x
1
a tan x
tan-l
a4 (a2 - b2)
d (a - b2)
[a > b2, a > 01,
1
a tan x - 4 (b2 - a)
= 2ad (b2 - a) log a tan x + 4 (b2 - a)
[b2 > a2, a > 01.
If b2 = a2, see 444.06.

sin x cos x dx

= sin+l 2 cos-1 x +L nsin x COS-~x dx

mfn
m+n
s
sin-l 2 COS+~x
m-1
=sinme x cosn x dx,
fmfn
m+n
S
[See also 461.]
[m # - n, see 480.91.

=-

451.11.
451.12.

dX

S sin x cos x

= log jtanxj.

dx
=- 1
sin 2 cos2 2
cos x

TRIGONOMETRIC

102

dX

451.13.

sins

dX

451.14.

sinx

451.15.
451.19.

c0S3X

s
S

= &
=-

c0S4X
dX

=-

sin x c0S5 5

dx

451.21.
451.22.

451.23.

S
S
S

dX
c0SX

3 cos3 x

+l

4 cos4 x

dX
sin2x c0S3X

&

= - 2

451.92.

Itan;
I*

+ log ltanxl.
+

451.93.

[n # 11.

452.11.

452.12.
1

= 2 cos2 2 - -sin x

452.13.

451.24.
451.31.

451.32.
451.33.
451.41.

S
S
S
S
S

--

sin2x

--

sin32

sin3x

cos4x

3 sin x co8 2

452.14.

ctn 2x.
452.19.

dX
cosx
dX
cos2x
CZX

sin3 x cos3x
sin42

dX
cos 2

= -kx+log
= - 1

452.21.

cos x

=-=

[tansi.

- 2sx

2 co9 2x

sin2 2x

+$ogltan;l.
452.22.

+ 210g Itans/.
452.23.

3 cos2x - 4
+logltane+$l.
3 sin3 2

[Ref. 1, pp. 260-263.1

451.91.

d7J
sinxcosx

452.24.

=cm -

452.29.

1) sin-x
+

dX
sinmm2 x n0S X

= p-1

[m#l].
452.31.

424
(2x)

m+n-2

sin
-=-=x dx
cos32

2 cos2x

m+n-2
m- l

sin x dx
-=-.
cos4 2

3 cos3 x

sins

dx

COP x

S
S

dX

sin 2 cosF2 x
Cn > 13,

n-l

[See 432.7

coPx

sin
- x dx =
tan x dx = -log
cos x
= log Isecxl.
sin x dx
1
= = secx.
cos2x
cos x

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

103

dx

siPx

sin x AND cos x

sin

2x.

sinn x cosnx

+
= - (m - 1) sin-l x c~s-~ x

+ i log 1tan 6 + $)I *

da:

ClX

S
S

ClX

sin x cosnd2 x

ctn

sin x

INVOLVING

= (n - 1) sinL1 2 cos- x +

+ log tan ; + fj *
1
(
I

= - sx

dX

+ log
cos x

1
1) COS-z

(n -

sin2 2 c0s2X

INTEGRALS

+ log Itan A.

sin x cos x

sin2x

FUNCTIONS

dX

siIF2 2 cos x
[m > 11.

/CO821
[See 480.1.3

1 tan2 2 + constant.
2

(n -

1;cos

[n # 11.

sin2 x dx
= -sinx+log/tan~+$I*
cos x

dx
=
cos2x

sin2x

sin2x

dx

0084x

sin2 x dx
-

cosn x

sin3 x

dx

CO62

tan2 x dx = tan x - x.

[See 480.2.)

= 5 tan3 x.
=

sin 2

(n - 1) COP-l x

sin2 x

= - -

--

1
n-l

- log Icosxj.

dx
COsn x
[n # 11.

104

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

452.32.

sin3 x dx
= cos 2 + set 5.
cos= x
s

452.33.

sin3 x dx =
co2 x
s

452.34.
452.35.
452.39.

452.41.
452.7.
452.8.

452.9.

tan3xdx

sin3 x dx =---. 1
cos4 x
3co~x
s

INTEGRALS
453.13.
+ log IcosxI.

= itan2x

[See 480.3.]
1
cos x

453.19.

1
1
-sinRx dx =.-.tan4x=pkx
+ constant.
cos5
x
4 cos4x
J
sin3 x dx
=
x
(n - l;cos- x - (n - 3;coe
cI cosn x
[n # 1 or 31.
sin4 x dx
sin3 x
-=--sinx+logItan(~+$)I.
cos
x
3
s
sinnw2
x dx = tann--l
-.___, x
cos11
2
12- 1
s
sinn x dx =
cos 2
s

tan x dx = s

453.24.

- s tannm2 x dx,

453.29.

[n # 1.

453.12.

See 480.91.
453.31.

GOSx dx
=
sin 2

sin x dx
1
cosn-2 x

ctnxdx

[m f nl,
sin-2 x dx
,
C0sn-2 x
[n # 11

= log Isinx[.

cos x dx
1
= - 7
= - CSG5,
sin2 x
sm x

S IIn # 11,
S
sinmv2 x dx
f
COP x

sin-l x
m-l
(m - n) GOLF-12 f- m-n

+Y1 2
-- m-l
n - 1
= (n 1 1) cosnel 2

S
S

453.22.

[n # 11.

sin+l x
m-n+2
n - 1
= (n - 1) cosn--1x -

453.11.

453.21.

453.23.

sin x dx
COP x
s

=-

453.14.

453.32.
453.33.

453.34.

INVOLVING

sin x AND

1
ctn2 2
cos x dx
= - = -,+
2 sin2 x
sin3 x

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

cos x

105

constant.

1
cos x dx
= - -.
3 sin3 x
sin4 x

GOSx dx
-=-(nsin 2

1
1) sixPI 2

En # 11.

cos2 x dx
= cos 2 + log tan ;.
sin x
.I
I

cos2 x dx =
sin2 x

ctn2xdx=

cos2 x dx
sin3 x =-2x

-ctnx-x.
[See 490.2.1

cos 2

cos2 x dx
1
= - - ctn3 2
sin4 2
3
*

cos2 x dx =sinn 2

cos x
1
-n-l
(n - 1) sin- x

Fx

dx

[n # l].

cos3 x dx
= 9
sin x

+log

Isinxl.

cos3 x dx
sin2 x = - sin x - csc x.
cos3 x dx =
sin3 2

ctn2 x
ct,n3 x dx = - - log lsinxl.
2
[See 490.3 .]
-. 1
s cos3 x dx =-- 1
sin4 x
sin x
3 sin3 2

c
J

453.35.

453.39.

cos3 x dx = -- 1 ctn4 x = --- 1

sin5 2
4
2 sin2 x

[See 490.1.1
cos3
sinnx xdx

1
4 Sld x
+ constant.

(n - 3)1sin% 2 - (n - 1)1sin-l x
[h # 1 or 3;.

106
453.41.
453.7.
4538.

453.9.

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

cos 2 ax
=++cosx+1og
sin x
s
COP-2 2 ax =--,
sin x
S

cw-
n-1

454.07.

cos x dx =
ctnn x dx
sin* x
S
S
=--- CW---l x
n-l

=-

454.01.
454.02.
454.03.
454.04.
454.05.
454.06.

x -

n-m+2
m - 1

COP--12
-- n-1
m-l
im - 1) sir.P1 x

Cm # 4,
COP-~ x dx
S sinmm22
[m # 1)

1
dx
co9
x(1
sin
x)
=
2(1
sin 2)
s
+ ; log

454.09.
454.10.
454.11.
454.12.
454.13.

sin x dx
= log11 t,,xi.
cos x(1 + cos x)

S
S
S
S
S

sin x dx
= log 11 yo,;xl.
co9 x(1 - cos x)
1 + sin x
cos x dx
= - log I
sin x(1 + sin x)
I sin x I

cos x dx
= - log11 -I~~~~o
sin x(1 - sin x)

1
sin x dx
cos x(1 + sin x) = 2(1 + sin x)
+$logItan(:+g)I*

sin x dx
= - log (1 + cos 2).
1 + cos x

S
S
S
S
S
S

sin x dx
= log (1 - COBx).
1 - cos 2

454.14.

cos x dx
= log (1 + sin x).
1 + sin x
cos x dx
= - log (1 - sin 2).
1- sinx

dx
1
+ i log tan g .
sin x(1 + cos x) = 2(1 + cos 5)
I
I

dx
1
sin x(1 - co8 x) = - 2(1 - co8 2)

cos x

1
dx
cos x(1 + sin x) = - 2(1 + sin 2)

ctn-2 x dx
[n # 1. See 490.9-J.

sin x AND

+~logltan~+~)
454.08.

cos x dx
S sinm-2 2
Cm # 13,
cos-1 x
?ICOS-~ x dx
=
+L n - m
sin 5
(n - m) sin-l x
S
=-

INVOLVING

[n # 1-j.

cos x dx
S sin x
cosn+l x
(m - 1) sin-l

tan;.

INTEGRALS

454.15.
454.16.
455.01.
455.02.

1
sin x dx
sin
2)
=
2(1
sins)
CO8
x(1
s

cos x dx
sinx(1 + cosx)

S
S
S
S

dx
= J-logItan(g
sin x - cos x
42

- ;)]a

107

I.

108
455.03.

455.04.

455.05.

455.06.

455.07.
455.08.
455.09.

TRIGONOMETRIC

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

sin x dx
=-sin x + cos x
ii

sinx + cosxl.

Isinx

- cosxl.

sin 2 + cos 2 I.
[See 482.1 and 492.2.1

cos x dx
= -~+~loglsinx-cosxl.
sin x - cos 2
[See 482.1 and 492.2.1

S
S
S
S

dx
(sin x - cos x)

456.2.

dX

a + b cos x + c sin x
where r and 8 are given in 456.1.

460.1.

460.2.

and

sinxdx

cos2 x = 1 - sin2 x

and

cos x dx = d sin x.

*tanii.

and similar expressions involving

See also 450.9.

470.3.

[a > 0,

b > 01.

[See 436.5.)

b tan x + a
dx
= kb log
a2 cos2 x - b2 sin2 x
b tan x - a
[a > 0, b > 01. [See 436.7.1

[m2 f n2].

where

[If m2 = n2, see 450.11.1

cos x dx
+m2sin2x)

40

cos x dx
= 4 sin-l (m sin 2).
- m2 sin2 2)

S
S
S

=~log{msinx+J(1+m2sin2xj~.

(cos x)4 (1 + m2 sin2 x)dx

4 (1 + m2 sin2 2)
+&log

475.1.

- !f$!$$$k,

d(l

= y

470.4.

2x instead of x, and so on.

sin mx cos nx dx = - co~~~~)x

(msinx

+ d(l

+m2sin2x)J.

(cos x)4 (1 -- m2 sin2 x)dx

dx
a2 cos2 x + b2 sin2 x

cos22 = $(l + cos 2x)

sin 5 cos x = 3 sin 2x,

470.2.

4x + 0)
a + r sin (x + f?)
[See 436.00.1

= - dcosx

even integers, put

sin2x = $(l - cos 2x),

470.1.

dx
= *log11
1 + cos x f sin x

109

and

465.

dx
(sin 2 + cos x)~

dx
b cos x + c sin x
where r = 4 (b2 + c2), sin 8 = b/r, cos 0 = c/r.
[See 401.2 and 432.10.1

456.1.

sin2 x = 1 - cos2x

If both m and n are positive

cos o

or put

[See 482.2 and 492.1.1

cos x dx
sin x + cos x

sin x AND

461.
s sin x COP x dx. If either m or n is a positive odd
integer, the other not necessarily positive nor an integer, put

[See 482.2 and 492.1.1

sin x dx
= g+ilog
sin x - cos x

INVOLVING

2$(1-

m2 sin2 x) + &

j(x, sin x)dx = -

sin- (m sin x).

dy,

y = 7r/2 -x.
475.2.
where

j(x, cos x)dx = -

dy,

INTEGRALS
TRIGONOMETRIC

110

480.2.
480.3.
480.4.
480.9.

481.1.

tan x dx = - log lcosxl

490.1.

= log jsecxj.
[See 452.11 and 603.4.1

490.3.

tadxdx

= $tan2x+log

[See 452.33.1

ICOSXI.

490.4.

tan4 x clx = + tan3 2 - tan x + 2.

490.9.

tan x dx = tanl
n-1

xtanxclx

taPw2 x dx,

$262 17x9
-1m+.D
.

= i~+fi+m

[n # 1. See 452.81.

ctn x dx = log [sinsi.

ctn2 x dx = - ctn x - 2.

[See 453.22.1

ctns x dx = - $ctn2x - log [sinsi.

[See453.33.]

ctnx dx = - 4 ctnS x t- ctn x + 5.

wn- - x
- ctn x dx = - ctnne2 x dx,
n1
J
J
[n # 1. See 453.81.

xctnxdx=x-------

zs
9

491.2.

tan x dx
tanxfl
=
s

Isinxfcosxl.
[bee 455.05 and .06.]

dX

1 =t ctn 2

=jJ~~loglsinx*cosx1.

[See 455.03, 455.04 and 492.1.]

zs
9 X 4725

22B
. . . - (2n +;)!22+l

* * *.

22nBn
* - (an - 1)(2n)! x2:zn1-

- * -.

[See 415.04 and 45.1

. . .

ax
*z+ilog
s tan x f 1 =

2x7
6615

[See 415.04 and 45.1

-ctn x dx 3 - -1 - -2 - - 2) - - 2x6 X7
X
x
3 135 4725 7 X 4725
-

+ 22y22n - lml x2n-l + . . o

I
(2n - 1)(2n)!
[x2 < f/4.
See 415.03 and 451.

25
225
-

-i-

111

[See 453.11 and 603.1.3

S
S
S

tan x dx
-

481.2.

482.2.

491.1.

x7 + 2835

62
_ + 22(22n
x2n+l
I
+ 11 x 2835 I1 +
(2n + l)!
[x2 < a2/4. See 415.03 and 45-J.

482.1.

490.2.

[See 452.22.;

tan2 x dx = tan x - 2.

ctn x

Integrals Involving ctn x

Infegrals Involving fan x

480.1.

INVOLVING

FUNCTIONS

I.
!.

dx
1 f ctn x =

tan x dx
tan 2 f 1

[See 482.2.1

ctn x dx
dx
1 f ctn 2 = _ tan 2 f 1

[see 482.1.1

S
S

r
SERIES
505.4.
INVERSE

TRIGONOMETRIC

AND

tan-i x +4+;(&)+3-3

+gg(&J+

FUNCTIONS

[Ref. 31, p. 122.1

The following equations do not refer in general to the multiple values of

the inverse trigonometric
functions, but to the principal values.
That is,
sin-l z and tan-1 r lie in the range from - 7rj2 to 7r/2 and cos-l z and &n-l 2
in the range from 0 to ?r. Care should be taken in dealing with inverse
functions and in integrating
from one point to another.
A process of curve
plotting is frequently
of assistance.
Some of the graphs have more than
one branch, and in general, integration
should not be carried out from a
point on one branch to a point on another branch.
X3

sin-l x = x + m

[Expand
502.

1.3*5x7
1.3x5
2.4.5 + 2.4.6.7 + --'9
[x < 1. - p/2 < sin-i x < r/2].
l/4(1 - x2) and then integrate it.]

cos-1 x = I2 - (x+&+~+~+

503.

csc-l x = I. + 1+X
X
2.3x3

504.

se+ x = F 2

For these equations,

506.1.

ctn-l x = f -x+;-g+$

506.2.

ctn-1x=;-3$+&5-$7+...,

506.3.

ctn-lx=?r+~-$~+&~-&+

2.4.59
[x > 1.

103.5
+ t
+ 2.4.6.7~
- a/2 < csc-1 x < r/2].

,
2.4.6.7s
[x2 > 1. 0 < see- x < ?r].
tan-x=x-$+~-~+.**,

507.10.

l/(1 + x2) and then integrate it.]

505.3.

tan-ix=

[x > 11.

me.,

-i-Jx+$3-&b+$7-

[x < 112

..a,

sin-l (5 * iy) = nr + (-

1) sin-l +$+j

taking the principal value of sin-1 (between - a/2 and s/2)

and the positive values of cash-l and of p and q. The quantity i = m,
and rz is an integer or 0. The quantity x may
be positive or negative but y is positive.

.I.

p = d(l + x) + y2

(positive value),

q = \I(1 - x) + Y2

(positive value).

and
507.12.

Note that if y = 0 and x > 1, q = x - l and p + q = 2x.

If y = 0 and x < 1, q = 1 - x and p i- q = 2.
Alternative:
sin-l A = - i log, (zt lil

- A2 + iA) + 2kn

or
507.13b.

em*,

[x2 < 11.

f i( - 1) cash-l 9

507.13a.
tan-1x=~-~+&3-$~+$7-

. ..)

0 < cos-12 < a].

+ 1.3-5 + . . .

505.2.

- ?r/2 and r/2.

[x < - 11.

507.11. The quantity

[Expand

tan-1 x is between

..+
[x" < 1.

505.1.

Cx< ml.

-],

500.

501.

113

FORMULAS

i log, (f

lil

- A2 - iA) + 2hxr

where A may be a complex quantity

and k is an integer or 0.

INVERSE

114

TRIGONOMETRIC

DERIVATIVES

FUNCTIONS

For the square root of a complex quantity see58 and for the logarithm
see 604. The two solutions a and b are identioal. The one should be

used,in any given case,which involvos the numerical sum of two quantities
instead of the difference, so as to obtain more convenient precise computation.
507.20.

cos-l (x + iy)
sq
= f (cos-l

507.21.

+2ka+icosh-q

1
4
2 (1 - x> + ij (1 - 2) + 4jj (1 - x)

l/2

+ & (1 - 2) . . .

>

cos-l A = =filog,(A

+ d@=-ij

= f ilog,

(A -

dmj

where A may be a complex quantity.

g sin-l z =

512.1.

See note under 507.13.

- tan-l q}

where the principal values of tan-l are taken (between - s/2

and r/2) and where 2 and v may be positive or negative.
Alternative:

[2nd and 3rd quadrants].

512.2.

&d cos-1;

= d (a;

x2)7

[lst and 2nd quadrants].

512.3.

d
z cos-z

1
= -\/ (az _ 22),

[3rd and 4th quadrants].

512.5.

-&tan-l!!
dz
a = ----CL.
a2 + x2
d
~.
z ctn-l z = aa-;,2

512.6.

d
z set-r z = x~ (xy _ a2),

[lst and 3rd quadrants].

512.7.

d
z set-l z = 2~ (Sam a2)Y

[2nd and 4th quadrants].

512.8.

d
s csc-% = zz/ (,2-

a2),

[lst and 3rd quadrants].

512.9.

d
z csc- % = 2d (x;-

a2),

[2nd and 4th quadrants].

[Except

lfy--ix
tan-l (x + $7~)= f log, 1 _ 2/ + ia: + 2k?r.

[See 604.1

[Ref. 46, Chap. XI.]

[lst and 4th quadrants].

d .
z sin-:

tan-l (z + iy)
= 5 ( (2k + 1)~ - tan-l 9

FUNCTIONS-

4 (a*l- X2)
-1
= ~ (ez _ 22),

512.4.

+ 2ka

TRIGONOMETRIC
DERIVATIVES

512.0.

+2kn

or
507.22b.

INVERSE

Alternative:

507.31.

cos-1 x =

co@ (z - iy)

where y is positive, taking the principal value of co@ (between

0 and ?r) and the positive value of cash-I. See 507.11 and
507.12.

507.30.

For small values of cos-l x,

The numerical value

The last term used should be practically
negligible.
of the square root may be taken from a large table of square roots, as in
Refer. 65.

+ 2ku - i cash-1 p--p).

-t&i= f (cos-1
P+q

507.22a.

508.

115

in 512.4 and 512.5, a > 0.1

116

INVERSE

TRIGONOMETRIC

INVERSE

515.
516.
517.1.
517.2.
517.3.

517.4.

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONSINTEGRALS
(a > 0)

518.2.

518.3.

sin-l E dx = x sin- i + d(u2 - x>.

518.4,

S(sinm1~)2dx=x(sin-1~~-2x+2,/(u2-x2)sin-~~.

S
S
S

x sin-1 z & =

z - z
(

>

$sin-lzdx

518.9.

x4 sin-l I & = f sin-1 z

$sin-l%dx

520.
521.

= (5 -g)

sin-l:
522.2.

(89 + 10x3a2 + 15xa4)4(a2 - x2).

522.3.

x6 sin-l E dx = g sin-1 i

-$ sin-:

a + d(a2 - x2> .
X
I

dx = - (n _ 1,,n-l sin-l a
dx
xn-~(a2 - x2)

[n

Z I].

cos-l E dx = x cos-l: u - d(u2 - 2).

j+os-1;;2dx

S
S
S

x cos-l

= x (,os-1z>2
-2: dx

22
-

- 2x - 2,/(a2 - x2> co,-I%.

CC

IX
4 > cos- -a - 2 d(a2 - x2).

(2

x2 cos-l ; dx = ; cos-l z - f (x2 + 2a2),/(a2 - x2).

xcos-;dx

= (;

- ?&d) ,,,-1:
- & (2x3 + 3xu2)~(a - 2).

(5x6 + 6x4a2 + 8x2u4 + 16&(u2

i sin-l: adx=f+&$+&+$
. .

- x2).
522.4.

x+l

1
IX
xn sin-1 z dx = n + 1 sin- - - -n+1
[n z11.

[See 341-346.1
1
+ z (223 + 3xu2)~(u2 - x2).

+ k5

518.1.

+-J-n-1

d(a - 2) .
2u2x

= ($! - S$!) sin-l:

+ &

517.9,

dx = -

- &log

522.1.

517.6.

-$ sin-:

sin z + 2 d(u2 - x2).

+ & (3x4 + 4x2a2 + 8a4),/(a2 - x2),

517.5.

S
S
zdx=- ?-sin-l
?_d(il<2x2)
S.$sin-1
3x3

x2 sin-l z dx = g sin- z + i (x2 + 2u2),/(u2 - x2).

117

x+ldx
d(a - x2)
[See 321-327.1

1.3.5
x7
+ --r
+ 2.4.6.7.72

[x2 < a].

dx

-9 cos-l

a
- & (3x4 + 4x2u2 + Sa)d(a - x2)-

522.5.
. . .

x4 ~~s-1;

xQos-l~&

= G

-g)

cos-lz

- &

(8x5 + 102~~~+ 15xu4)d(a2 - x2).

118

INVERSE

522.5.

TRIGONOMETRIC

.,$ cos-l

E dx

- &
522.9.

523.1.

523.2.
523.3.
523.4.

523.9.

525.1.
525.2.
525.3.

!?!

525.4.

xn+ldx
d(u2--x2)
[See 321-327.1

xn cos-l z dx =
a

[n # - 1-J.
= ;log

--+- 1.3
2.4.5.5

x5
a5

Ix1 _ i _ u.v!-?
z-3.3 a3
1.3.5
x7
-. . .,
2.4.6.7.7
a7

-j cos-l:

[x < a].
~

S
S tan-l
S
9

z dx

x6 tan4 x&=~tan-l$-$+f&-$
;
CL'
14 log

526.1.

-&OS-zdx
a

= (n _ z,n-1
1
n-1

[n # - 1-J.

i tan-1 z dx = I U
[x2

x2)

Cxia

6u2x2

For

me

x+j(a

- x2)

'

526.2.
[n # 11.

[See 341-345.3

tan-l z dx = x tan- % - f log (a2 + x2).

xtan-~dx=~(x2+u2)tar1~-~.

x2 tan-l E dx = g tan- E - $

x3 tan-l i dx = i (x4

these

equations,

tan.+

(s/a)

is

dx

526.3.
526.4.
526.5.

+ g log (a2 + x2),

526.9.

x2).

x+ldx
h2
[See 121-128.1

d(u2

xn tan-l 5 dx =
a

(a"

dx = - 222
cos-l z + d(a2 - x2> .
2a2x

$ cos-1 2 dx = - -i- co+ 5

a
3x3
Uf

S
S
S
S

525.6,

525.9.

a+d(a2-x2)

-$ cos-l f! dx = a

525.5.

x19

$os-$dx

S
S
S

INTEGRALS

(5x6 + 6x4u2 + 8x2u4 + 16~29d(a2 - x2).

a-

525.

X7
- cos-l

FUNCTIONS

S
S
S
S
S

[x/a
between - lr/2 and ?r/X

<

>

a21,

11,

< - 11.

$ tan-i i dx =

$ tan-1 z dx = - a

&an-l:&

tan-l f - $

= -k3tan-lE--+
U

$tan-l~dx=~

6ux2
tan-:

in tan- E dx = +a

n-1

(n

_ ;,,+1

tan-l

dx
Cn # 11.
xn--l(a2 + x2)
[See 131-135.1

120
528.

528.1.

528.2.

INVERSE

528.4.

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

S ctn-Edx= xctx; + flog(a2+ x2).

5+ 7 *
S 2ctrl ; ax= ; (x+ a)ctn-1

529.3.

529.4.

S
S
S

-$ ctrlz

$ ctrl

log
-a4)&n--l~+~-$?!.
ctIrl
; ax=; (x4
Sx3
S
S
J

528.3.

TRIGONOMETRIC

r x2 ctn-1 % dx

x4 &n-l

= g ctn-l z + $f

% dx = 5X5 &n-l

E +

- g

(~2 + 23,

529.5.

z = - &k &n-l 5 + & 2 - $3hT~F

a

528.6.

x5 ctn-l z dx = i (x6 + a6) ctn-1 z + 5:

- k4 tan-l z c

-$ ctn-l i = - (n _ ;)xn-1 dm-1 E

--

-Lg+$.
531.

39

529.1.

xn &n-l I dx = 2E
n+l

1
-ctn~

=;log

xn+ld.x
iFqTi?+
[See 121-128.1

&n-l z + LL
n+l
[n f - 11.

1x1 -z+g3

-&+;;-

s.

x see-Edx

= gsec-l

= gse+z

-...,

531.2.

L&n--l?

u x

- ~cW-l~

+&log----.

a2 + x2
X2

- a2),
(x/a) < a/2-J.

- u2),
< set-l (x/a) < T]-

x2 se+ 5 dx
a

= : set-1 E - yd(x-aq
3
a

-$log

[x+~(x2-u~)/,

[0 < set-l (x/a) < r/2].

For these equations, ctn-1 (z/a) is between 0 and T.

c

+ id(x2
[r/2

[x/a < - 1-J.

529.2.

z - $(x2

< se@ (x/a) < lr-J*

[O < se+

-...,

Cxia > 11,

[n # 1;.
+ x2)
[See 131-135.1

+ alog Ix + 4(x2 - a) I,
[a/2

***,

= alog Ix] -g+&-$?-+A&

dx

[0 < se& (x/a) < 7r/2].

= xsec-I

531.1.

Sxn--l(a2
.

dx = x set- i - a log 1x + 1: (x2 - a> I 7

[x2 < a21t

=2+&&+&

a
n-l

i
Ssee-l

- $ log (a -i- 2).

528.9.

a2 + x2

-$ ctn-l z = - k4 &n-l : + 1
- 1
a
12ax3
4a3x

529.9.

S
zdx=$ctn-1
z+g - g+g
S &n-l

+ k2 tan-- I.

= - k2 ctn-l z + &-

a5
+ a log (a" + x2)..

528.5.

121

=;sec-1~+$Q(x2-a2,

+$og
[r/2

1x+6(x2-a2)1,
< set-1 (x/a) < 7rJ

122

INVERSE

TRIGONOMETRIC

531.9.

++I
x secl 2 dx z n-t1
s

FUNCTIONS

see-1 E -. - a
a
n-t1

t xdx
s 11(x2 - a2)

INTEGRALS
csc-zdx

534.

= xcsrl%

123

+ alog Ix + 4(x2 - a2)l,

S
[O < csc-1 (44 < g/21.
= 2 csc-1 z - alog Ix + 4(x2 - a)I,

[r/2
532.1.

isec-l:dx

< se+

= ilog

(x/a> < r-J,

1x1 +?+a3

2-3-323

[0 < set

[n # - 11.
l*3as
2-4-5-5~~

[ - n/2 < csc-l (x/a) < 01,

534.1.

x csc z dx = f CSC-~f + g 4(x2 - a2),

[O < csc Wa> C 7rPl.

(x/a) < 7r].

X2
= z csc-l

a -

532.2.

=-

10 < se+ (x/a) < 7r/2].

1
- see-1 2 _ d/(x2 - a21,
2

=--

532.4.
S

< set.+ (x/a) < 271.

1
- a2) + 1
a
222 se+ 5 + 4(x2
4a2 cos-l -
a
4ax2
I I
[0 < set-l (x/a) < 7r/z].
1
2x2 set-

5 se+ i dx = - k3 se& f+
=--

532.9.

X3

= 3 csc-1: + y 4(x -a>

:,;,;

534.9.

4 (x2 - a2),

[0 < set-l (x/a) < r/2].

1
1x
3x3 set- -a [a/2 < set-l (x/a) < 7~1.

+ glog

xn+l
x csc-l : dx = n+l
E+ % +
a
s
[0 < csc-l (x/a) <
xn+l
1x
= n+l
csc- -a [ - n/2 < csc-l (x/a)

535.1.

;csc-;dx

= (

t+.--&$+=g
. .

<

0-J

Ix + 4(x2 - a21I,

&I

s d(x:d2a)

2-4-5.5

535.2,

d
+ **-

1
n/2 < csc-l (x/a) < n/21.

[-

=-

..$ csc-l z dx = - i CSC-1z - d(x2 - a2) ,

ax
[O < csc-1 M-4

- a21
,
=-:1cscI+11(x2
[-

n/23,
L-72# - 11.
a
xdx
.\1(x2
- a2)
nfl
S
< 01,
[n # - II0

+ 2.;:;:;.7;

-$ se+ E dx

[O < see-l (x/a) < T/Z],

[n # 11.
1
X
a
dx
=see-1 - - (n - 1)x-l
a
n-l
xnq(x2
- a)
S
[r/2 < se& (x/a) < n],
[n # 13.
For 531-532.9,52 > a*.

(x/a)

[O < csc-1 (x/a) < 7rPl.

23
1x -~~(x2--~a2)-~loglx+-\1(x2-a2)I,
= 3 csc- -a
[- 7r/2 < cs+
(x/a)
< 01.

$ set-l s dx
=-

a2),

x2 csc-l 2 dx
a
S

ax

[r/2
s

534.2.

a/2 < fm+

[-

532.3.

% 4(x2

< 7rP1.

ax
n/2 < csc-l (x/a) < 0-J

124

INVERSE

535.3.

TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

-$ csc-lZ ax
s
1
-(x2 - 2) -- 1
1x
4u2 cos-l ; ;
222 csc- a 4ax2
I I
[O < csc-l (x/u) < n/2].

=-

1
>!((?52
- a) + JQ csc-l z +
4u2 cos-l 2 ,
4ax2
IX I
[ - ?r/2 < csc-l (x/u) < 01.

=-

535.4.
I

-$ csc-1; ax = - &

csc-1 z - (2;u;;2)

1
323 csc-l 2 + i;u+32
,

535.9.

4(x2

(n

_ ;,,n4

_ &

*** +a+

[x < W-J.

*?

550.1.

x log a + (x log a) + . . .
cP = ez log a = 1 + 7
2!
+WwP+
n.1

[x < W-J.

$),

551.

[x < W-J.

em2= 1 - c + $ - $ + $ - *es,
.
.
.
.
Blx2
Bzx4 B3x6
X
--= -$+x-x+
61
ez - 1
[x < 492. See 451.

BOX*
8, .

.P

[Ref. 34, p. 234.1

552.1.

[O

=--

Xn

ez = 1+;+,+,+

550.2.

$ cs+ ; dx
(n

550.

7rj2 < csc-1 (x/u) < 01.

=-

x2

FUNCTIONS

4(x2 - c&2),

[O < csc-l (x/u) < 7r/2].

=-

EXPONENTIAL

csc
<

n-l

x7d(x2

(x/u) < s/i],

csc-1

cs+

y$

dx
-

a)

I;n # 11.
xnd(xFm

[ - n/2 < me-l (x/u) < 01,

For 534-535.9,x2 > a.

u2) 9

552.3.

fn # 11.

etanu = 1 + u + F: + $
-I.

+ $

37u5
+ -jig- + --*,
cl.2 < a2/4].

552.4.

[u < 11.
[Ref. 5, p. 92-93.)

552.5.

The term in U is u,@/n!, where unfl = a, - n(n - l)u,-1.

[Ref. 34, p. 164, No. 19.1
15
I

126

EXPONENTIAL

552.6.

e*2 + &3
=

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

+ ,+z2 + . . .
$

e-rw

e-2*~2/z2

e-3%%2

. . . .

1
.

The second series may be more rapidly convergent than the first.
[Ref. 31, p. 129.1

553.

567.2.

lim xne-= = 0, for all values of a.

Z-WOO

567.3.
567.8.

[Ref. 8, p. 132.1
EXPONENTIAL
563.

563.3.

= 8.

567.9.

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES
563.1.

= ca log a.

= aP.

563.2.

563.4.

x2
2x
x2e=dx = tQZ - - z+g
a
[
S

xedx

= -xv=
a

:--;li-+ nxnml
[

xrda&=eaz
s

I)=-++

edx
=log
S

563.6.

$f

= yze

2 + uqog u) 2 *

568.11.

T,

For

565.
565.2.

e%x - 8.

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS
565.1.

S
e-3x

= - e-=. 565.3.

f(em)dx = i
Jl+?
S
S
where z = eaz. Note that
az = es loga,
and

[n Z S}.

1x1 +~+~+~+

..

azdT = a/log a.

= em -x - -1 .
a21
[a

[x < co -J

note that c = ezlogc.

[See 568.1.1

X2

S .23

em -!E+g

568.8.

Pdx
-aS x

ca*
Pdx
(n - 1)x+1 + n t 1 S Tp7-j

eazdx = -1 em
a *

edx
-=-53

edx
-

368.9.

edx
-=Xn

(n

-T&l

(n

1,;

Qp-2

an-2eax

an-I

l)! x +

(n -

[n > 11.
em

log 0

[See 568.1.11

[n > 1).

(n -

a =

..D

566.

xedx

1)$-q

568.3.

567.1.

(-

edx
-=-~+g-~.

568.2.

= Z(1 + log x).

EXPONENTIAL

n(n - 1)9-2 a3

S
563.7.

- $1.

anxn
. . . -t---P---,
n-n!

= yxv-l + x(log x) 2 *

- -n
xn--leazdx.
aS

where a is a constant.
563.5.

= em f - 3s2 + f
[

+ (568.1.

2edx

= a log a.

= d(log a) 2,

127

569.
569.1.

dx
1+e

S
S

ez
= 2 - log Cl + 8) = log F-T@

- dx
=- x - -$rog
a + bep* a

la + bePj.

***

edx
l)!
-
[See 568r1.j

EXPONENTIAL

128
570.
570.1.
575.1.
575.2.
575.3.

575.9.

FUNCTIONS

xezdx = -. ez
I1+x
J (1 + xl
xeazdx
Cl + ax)2 = a2(leT ax)

S
S
S
S

eazsin x dx =

eazsin2xdx

eaz
=
Q sin2 2 - 2 sin 2 cos 2 +
CL2+ 4 (

576.2.
576.3.

PROBABILITY

~ 585.

Normal probability

>

eazsin x dx = ea~zi;~x

(a sin x - n ~0s x)
n(n - 1)
a2 + n2

ea
eazcos x dx = a2 + 1

S
S
S

(acosx

eaz
em cos2 x dx = ac0s2x
CL2+ 4 (

eazsinnm2x dx.

COST

dx = el:yni

577.2.

56

A.

. . .

23.3!7
[x

1
<

* 1.

586. For large values of x, the following

be used:

asymptotic

series may

c-2dt

+ sinx).
+ 2sinxcosx

+- i

.
>

where = denotes approximate

the last term used.
S9O. Error function

equality.

The error is less than

z
e+dt
= erf x = -?!d= 0

[x2
<cc
1

(a cos x + n sin x)
n(n - 1)
+
a2 + n2

... .
I

em coP2 x dx.

ea*
ea sin 12xdx = (a sin nx - n cos nx).
a2 + n2

S
S

X4

+ 22*2!5

[See Table 1045.1

592.

Alternative

[Ref. 2, p. 141.1

577.1.

[see 590_7
--

&

eaz
P cos3 x dx = -a cos3 2 + 3 sin 2 cos2 x
a2 + 9 [
+ 6(a cos x + sin x) .
a2 + 1

= erf 5

576.9.

INTEGRALS

integral

eaz
em sin3 x dx = 3 sin3 2 - 3 sin2 2 cos x
a2 +9 [
+ 6(a sin x - cos x)
a2 + 1
I

+
576.1.

eaz
(a sin 2 - cosx).
a2 + 1

eaz
em cos nx dx = ~
(a cos nx + n sin nx).
a2 + n2
[Ref. 7, p. 9.1

Erfx-l--

form of the same series:

e-Z*

4!
--A!-+...

X4T

2!(22)4

The error is less than the last term used.

1
.

3!(2~)~

[Ref. 9, p. 390.1

For tables of numerical values see Ref. 55e, Vols. I and II;
116-120; and Ref. 45, pp. 210-213.
129

Ref. 5. DP

SERIES
LOGARITHMIC
In

these

logarithms.

FUNCTIONS

algebraic expressions, log represents

Other notations for natural logarithms

log, a = 2.3026 log10 a.

601.

log (1 + 2) = 2 -%+f-if+;-

logx

602.1.

log 1: + -\I($

(x - 1)3
(x - 1)
3(x + 1) + 5(x + 1) + * * *

1
[x>01.

naturai
or Napierian
are logn, ln and log,.

loglo a = 0.43429 log, a.

600.1.

600.

x-l
= 2 1:+1

601.7.

. . ..

=--X
a

[x2 < 1 and x = lyO

131

+ 1)]

1.3 x5
--1 x3
2.4.5 a5
2.3 a3 + ---~~++

1.3.5

xr
[x2 < aJ

For x = 1, this gives a famous series:

1
1
601.01. log 2 = 1 - z + 3 -;+i601.1.

601.2.

log (1 - CT)= -

log(E)

$+;+;+$+f+-.
1

log(s)

logj+)

[x2 < l].

x.

= 2[;+&+&+&+

[See 708.:J

[x2 > 11.

=2[&+3c2&j3

[See 709.1
,

i- 3(2xai

130

s = csch-1: -

. . ..

< - 11.
[See 706.1

602.2.

log [ 4 ($ + 1) - E] = - log [; + d (5 + l)]

Use the series in 602.1 and multiply

602.3.

log [; + d ($ - I)]

by - 1.

= log 5 - &

- ~-1.3~5
2.4.6.6

$ - &

a6 - . . .
7
x6

[x/a

$
> 11.

[See 260.01 and 707.1

[a2 < (2x + a>2].

_ z - Q4+
+ (x ,2?,24,

= &h-l

a)a

I
(x - 1) + (x - 1)
log x = (x - 1) 3

log x = 5;

> 11.

***],

601.41. log (x -l- a) = log 2 f 2 2ea

1
+
a5
+...,
5(2x + a)

601.6.

. . .,

---+ 1~3.5 a6
2~4~6.6 x6
[x/a

+ 5(2x + 1) + * *
[Ref. 29, p. 6.1
[(2x + 1) > 11.

601.5.

a6
x6
[x/a

,
I
[x2 < 1 and x = - 1-J

= 2 ctnh-l x.
601.4.

1.3~5
2.4.6.6

=2[.+;+;+;+.*+
= 2 tanh-l

601.3.

1.3 a4
-m2++---

.*.*

. . ..

602.4.

log [: - d($

- I)]
,

[O < x 2 21.

(x ;--Q3 + . * .,

[x/a

[x > 4-J.
= - log .[z + d($

- I)].

> 11.

[See 602.3 and 707.1

LOGARITHMIC

132
602.5.

log [z + d($
=- a
2

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS
603.3.

+ I)]
a + , ,,
xy
[x2 > a]*
1.3.5
26
--1.3 x4 +
-62
- -**)
2.4.4a4

= log2+m2-1

x2

[a/x > 11.

1.3.5 x6
5437&$+
J

2cT --L$+X&= - log I 1: I

[a/x
= cs&-1 : = sinh-1 f .
502.6.

log [ J($l

1) - zjx=

log [; + ,,($

- I)]

log [g - -$$

= log 5

log jsinxj

- I)]

- A;

- &

sin2 x + F

logltanxl

=log[x/

= log 1x1 - f

[x2

> 11.

. ..$

604.1.
605.

[x < $141.

425.04.

log (-

<

lr].

---J

See 480.1 and 45.3

cos 6x
co3 4x
log 1sin x / = - log 2 - cos 2x - 2
- - * . *,
3
[sin x f 01.
[Ref. 38, p. 275.1

[ff in radians.]

1) = log 1 + (2k + l)ni

= (2k + 1)37-i.

lim x log x = 0.
LOGARITHMIC

610.
[x

< ~~~141. [See 415.06, 432.10 and 45.j

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

log x dx = 2 log x - x.

510.01.
*
610.1.
.

[See 6~4.1
[See 409.03. j
[See 72.1

z-0

- - s-D
2835
x2n

n(2nY!

+~+~x4-j-&x6+~~~

x + c&, = reiW2d9e

> 11.

[See 710.1

[Integrate

EGOSx # 01.

604.
log (x + iy) = log r + qe -I- 2&),
where r = 4 (x2 + y2), cos 0 = x/r, sin 0 = y/r, k is an integer
or 0, T is positive, i = 4 ( - 1).
[Ref. 5, p. 3.1

X6

- &

... 9

+ q

sin* x
-1-4+-*

[a/x

22n-1B

603.2.

log cos x = - i

cos Gx

D.a + 22n(22+-1 - l)B,x2n -I- 0. I

n(2n) !

&-+2.6;;+

.*o

603.5.

604.05.

,i($

cos 4x

=-log2+cos2~-~+~[Ref. 38, p. 275.1

603.6.

+ I.)] *

[a/x

603,1,

loglcosxl

< - 11.

- l)]

= -log~f+&-

= - log [z+

603.4.

by - 1.

1.3.5 xG
-5-&379---
602.8.

[x2 < 7r2/4].

[See 602.1 and 711.1

- log [z + d($

Use the series in 602.5 and multiply

602.7.

17x*
- $ - g5 - - 0.0
2520
22n--1(22n- l)B,x2
s.. n(2n)!
- -e0
[Integrate 415.03. See 480.1 and 45.1

log cos x = - ;

1.3~5
2.4.6.7

2~3$+z?--2.4.52

133

log (ax)dx = 2 log (ax) - x.

x log x dx = aX2 log x - ; e
_.

3.

1.

LOGARITHMIC

134
610.2.
610.3.
610.9.

9
= $ogx

S
S
S

x2logxdx

x310gxdx = ;1ogx

x= log (ux)dx = -

INTECiRALS

FUNCTIONS

p+1

P+l

2
- 3

613.3.

- $0

613.9.

611.11.
611.2,
611.3.
611.9.

614.

l~d=-w-.&.
!!?+ddx=

log 2
--

612.1.
612,2.
612.9.

-- 2

616.1.

log 2
1% (ax>
(P - l)xp-1

(p

x*+y1og 2)
Pfl

Q
Pfl

13

(log x)%ix

616.3.

XP

= (,pg~:l+pQ

dx

(log 2) -

(log
-log x = log llogxl + logx + m

2x3

x2(log x)2dx = ; (log x)~ -~logx+~~

xq1og x) Q-Id29

(log 2) I-%x ,
XP

11.

xl2

+ (1% xl + . . .
3.3!

2xp+ log x

(P + 1)

2xp+l
(P + u3

617.1.

x dx
- x = log llogx]
log
S

+ 2logx

(2 log x)2
2s2r
3*3!

617.2.
a

x2dx
l.og 2
-

2 log x

+ (210gx)3 + .=.

I3 # - 13

(log x)2dx =-. (log x)3

2
3

xqog 2) Qdx =

CP1Q # - 13
#

617.

2x3

(log x)2
(log x)2dx
x2
= ------* X

13

[q # - 1-J

CP, - !I +

613.2.

(log x)*-dx,

1,,2,,-1'

x(log x)2dx = $ (log 2) -~1ogx+$

(log x)pdx = x(log x) - q

(log x) dx ~ (log x) n+l ,

2
q+l
S
S

(log x)2dx = x(log x)2 - 2x log x + 2x.

613.1.

CP

x)3dx = x(log x)~ - 3x(log x) + 6x log x - 6x

616.2.

x(log xydx = s1

;,J,,-1

c!2f - 11L

S
S
S
S

(p

S(log
S

612.

2 log x

flog x>~

(p - l)xP-1 - (p - 1)2xp

XP

615.

dx = f (log (ux))2.

log x
-Fdx*=

(log x12dx = _

-log x dx = -.0% xl2

2
2

S
S
S
S
S

23

- (px;;)i,
b#-13

611.1,

(log x)2dx

S
S

log (4

135

1%

I~~~4

f3logx

(3 log x)2
+

2*2r

+ (3 log xl3 + * . (I.

3*3!

LOGARITHMIC

136
617.9.

XPdX
= log 1log x / + (p + 1) log x
log
x
s
+ (p + lY(log x) + (P + l)3(log 2) +

[=s618.1,

618.2.

621.1.

e%ly
where y = 0, + 1) log x.
Y

dx
-= log llogxj.
x log x

S
S

- logx +*

(log bx)2
=--iG 2

+**-*
x)

log
x
* x3

= log llogxj

- 210gx +

(2log

621.9.

-.

+ (P - 1)2(log 2) _ (P - ;y%
2.21

619.1.

619.2.

619.3.

-=xpdx
(log 4 *

- xP+l
(q - l)(log x)-

q---l

+p+l
q - 1

xpdx
(log x) q--I

dx

Sx"(logx)Q-1'

a + bx
log (a + bx) - 2.
log (a + bx)dx = - b

bx

620.1.

ca# 11.

x log (a + bx)dx =
s

log (a + bx)dx

S
S

X2

= ; log 2 -

log (a + bx)dx =XP

log (a + bx)
(p - 1)x

2b2

a2

623.

623.1.

623.2.

b dx
l)(a
+ bx)x+
(P
11. [See lOl-105.1

Se
#

log
- x dx = (log x) log (a + bx) _
b
a + bx

S
S
S

log (a 2 bx)dx .

[See 621.1.1

log (x2 + u2jdx = x log (x2 + u2) - 2x + 2a t,an 2 *

x log (x2 + a2)dx = f [(x2 + a) log (x2 + a) - $1.
x2 log (x2 + a2)dx = f

CP + 1%

-1
- l)!log x)-

dx
xqog x) = z=(q
-~-P-l

620.

xl3 + . . . .

-1
dx
x(log 2) = (q - l)(log x)P--1

S
S

-.+&4. . ..
32b3r
[Ref. 5, No. 439.1
[b2x2 > a].
2%2x2

IIP

dx
= log llogx1 - (p - 1) logx
xp log x

a + - u2

622.
618.9.

bx
= (log a) log x + a
[b2x2 < a].

621.2.

(low x)2
-- oog x)3

dx

[Put log 2 = y, x = eu.]

dx
= log [logx~
x2 log x

3.31

618.3.

- log (a + bx)dx

3.31

2.2!

137

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

x3 log (x2 + a2) - 322

+ 2xa2 - 2a3 tm-

623.3.

II!?f 11.
623.4.

x3 log (x2 + a2)dx = ;

g .

(x4 - a) log (x2 + u2)

-- X42 + x%2

x4 log (x2 + a2)dx = ;

x5 log (x2 + a) - ; d

+ gxw -

2xu4

2u5

tar1za *

LOGARITHMIC

I38
623.5.

623.6.

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

-L --5+T - o

2 log (x2 + aydx = ; [(x6 + a) log (x2 + a2)

x6 log (x2 + a2)~dx=+ x log (2 + c&2)- ; x

624.2.

loglx2-a21dx=xlog1x2-

zx7

Ix+aII

xlog 1x2

(9 - a8) log 1x= - a21

E
d
X62
X4U4
w-m
.--4
3
2 - x2a6 .

Integrals

625.

Involving

T = (x2 + a2)112

(x r)dx2log
Slog
S log r)dx
+

(x + r) -

r.

[See 730.1

The positive value of r is to be taken.

S
1x2
Sx210g

- x2].

x log ix2 - a21dx=~[(x2-a2)log[x8-a21

a2ldx = ;

1x2
S23log

625.2,

E
I

(5 +

[See

2
x2 log (5 + r)dx = -,log(x+r)-g+f.
[See 730.2.1

x+a
G

II

*
625.3,

1.

$log(x+r)dx

6
(4 -%)

log (x + 7-1
[See 730.3.3

- -9 - x2a2

x410g 1x2 - a2ldx =;

1x2
S2log

730.1.1

(d - a4)log /x2 - a21

624.5.

($1

z2I-2x

624.4.

x710g 1x9 -

when integrals of the type Jxp log (a - z2)dx are required, these expressions can be used.

(z - as) log (x2 f a2)

-2xa2+a310g
624.3.

x610g 1x2 - a2[dx = f

625.1.
524.1.

139

- 2xa6 + a7log z--a

624.7.

+ xv
624.

624.6.

Y = (x2 + az)r~

$,$I

- $ z3a4+ 2xa6 623.7.

INVOLVING

-2
3

x3a2

x+u
I II
- a)
log
I;f- a21
(x6
- 5- i$!?
- I.

625.4.

x4 log (x + r)dx = g log (x + r) - $

[See ?30.4.]

2xa4 + a5log G

x2a4

625.9

xp log (x + r)dx = $
--

log (x + r)
1

-xP+ldx ,

P+l
S
[See 201.01-207.01

L-P f

- 1%

and 730.9.1

140

LOGARITHMIC

626.1.

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

~~log[;+~($+l)]rlz

627.4.

1.3
=a x --_ 1 x3
a
2-3-3 a3 f-55-

x5

1.3.5
x
-+
2.4-6-7-7a

x410g(x+s)dx

- -2

15

2.4~6~ x6

...

< a2;627.9.

[x/a L l].
2+&g3!$+~3$-

s = (x2 - a2)2

= ;log(x+s)

..>,

1a3s5 a6 +[r

1.3 a4
.--1 a2 + ----..23 x2
2.43 x4

INVOLVING

xp log (x + s)dx = s

-$

- aAs
.

[See 732.4.1

log (x + s)
xp+ldx
-

--

Ss

Pfl

. ..)

a2s3

141

CP# - 11.

[See 261.01-267.01 and 732.9.1

[x/u
626.2.

< - 11.

[ex

731.1.-j
628.1.

log (x -t r)
log (5 + r>
x2
=-----T---

where T = (x2 + c?)~/~.

log (x + r> =5

[See 731.2.1
log (x + T)
T
--.
2x
2a2x

626.3.

626.9.

log (x -I- r)
- log (x + r)
- 1
XP
=
(p
l)Jy-l
+
p - 1
J

CP# 11.
in2egrds
627.
.

- dx

xP-l$

628.2.

iavolving

628.3.

s = (x2 - a2)12

log (x + s)dx = 2 log (x + s) - s.

.r log (q f s)dx =

[See 732.1
628.9.

- $

>

627.2.

x2 log (x + s)dx = flog

lg(x+s)dx
=
-log(xt-s)
+;sec-l
s
S
log
(
+
>
dx
=
_
lot?
(
+
>
1

(x + s) - ; - $

627.3,

xlog(x+s)dx=

E-~)log(x+s)
- -23s - -3 (J2xs
16
32

2x2

X3

[See 733.2.1

[See 733.3.1

XP

CP f
630.1.

2a2x

11.

[See 281.01-284.01 and 733.%X]

log sin x dx = x log x - x - $ - &

X

19845

22n-l~n22n+l
-n(2n+l)!

[O

--**2

[See 45.1
sin 2x
= -x~og2------------

[See 732.3.1

I u I

log
cx
+
'>
dx
=
_
-~
S
---***

[See 732.2.1

X2

log (x + s) - y .
[See 732.1.1

[See 733.1. J

[0 < see-l [x/a 1 < r/2].

[See 221.01-226.01 and 731.9.)

The posltivc value of s is ).o be fsken.

627.1.

[x/u > 1-J.

[See 731.3.1

[O < x < 7-j.

<

[Integrste
sin 4x
2.22

sin 6x

2.3

[Integrate

<

571.

603.1.1
. ..)
603.2.a

LOGARITHMIC

142
630.2.

FUNCTIONS

23 x6
log cos x dx = - s - so - &
s
- l)B, x22+ - . . .
-- 17x9 - . . . - 2y22n
9
n(2n+ 1) !
22680
[Integrate 603.3.1
pke 45.1
lx < a2j4-J

sin 4x

sin 2x

= -xlog2+z--

2.22

sin 6x

+ pj5-

- *

[Integrate 603.4.;

Lx < azi4-J.

logtanxdx=xlogx-xf;+g

630.3.
s

62x
22n(22n-1 - l>h x.&%+l + . . .
,
n(2n + l)!
+ 19845 + +
[Integrate 603.6.1
[See 45.1
[O -=I 2 < 71.121.
631.1.
631.2.
632.

sin log x dx = i x sin log x - i x 00s log 2.

cos log x dx = i x sin log x + i x cos log x.

Ifelogxdx

= $?logx

-;

$ dx.

[See 568.1.1

[Ref. 20, p. 46, No. 106.-J

Lambda Function
640.

If x = log tan

x = gd-le

= log (see0 + tan 0)

= x(e), the lambda function.

642.1. sinh x = tan 8.

642.3.

tanh x = sin 0.

6425. . -dgdx
dx

= sech x.

FUNCTIONS

650.03.
650.04.
650.07.
650.08.
650.09.
650.10.
650.11.
651.01.
651.02.
651.03.
651.04.
651.05.

cosh2x - sinh2 t - 1.
[x > O-J
sinh x = d(cosh2 x - 13,
[x
< OJ
= - ~(cosh2 x - l),
650.05.
sech
x
=
l/cash
x.
cash x = d(l + sinh2 x).
650.06.
csch
x
=
l/&h
x.
tanh x = sinh x/cash x.
tanh2 x + sech2x = 1.
ctnh2 x - csch2x = 1.
sinh ( - x) = - sinh x.
cash (- x) = cash x.
tanh (- x) = - tianh x.
sinh (x f y) = einh x cash y f cash x sinh y.
cash (x f y) = cash x cash y f sinh x sinh y.
2 sinh x cash y = sinh (x + y) + sinh (x - y).
2 cash x cash y = cash (x + y) + cash (x - y).
2 sinh x sinh y = cash (x + y) - cash (x - y),

651.06.

sinh x + sinh y = 2 sinh 2 +Ycosh~.

651.07.

sinh x - sinh y = 2 sinh y

651.08.

cash x + cash y = 2 cash 2x +ycosh.2

651.09.

2
cash x - cash y = 2 sinh Ysinh-Y.

650.01.
650.02.

x+Y
cash 2.

and Gudermannian

~9= gd x = the gudermannian of x = 2 tan-l e2 - 5.

641.

HYPERBOLIC

642.2.

642 .6 .

651.10.

sinh2 x - sinh2 y = sinh (x + y) sinh (x - y)

= cosh2x - cosh2y.

651.11.

sinh2 x + cosh2y = cash (x + y) cash (x - y)

= cosh2x + sinh y.

cash x = seo8.

642.4. tanh (x/2) = tan (e/2).

d d-lx
---Jr

= set xJ
651.12.

If 6 is tabulated for values of z, the hyperbolic

from e table of circular functions.

functions

may be obtained

1
csch2x - sech2x = csch2x sech2x =
sinh2 x coshrx

651.13. (sinh x + cash x)~ = sinh nx + cash nx.

143

144
651.14.
652.12.
652.13.
652.22.
652.23.
652.3.
652.4.
652.5.

HYPERBOLIC
1
sinh x + cash

FUNCTIONS

= cash x - sinh x.

sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cash x.

sinh 3x = 3 sinh x + 4 sinh3 x.
cash 2x = cosh2 x + sinh2 x
= 2 sinh2 x + 1 = 2 cosh2 x - B.
cash 3x = 4 Gosh3x - 3 cash x.
sinh2 x = +(cosh 2x - 1).
cosh2 x = +(cosh 2x + 1).

cash;

653.1.

tanh x f tanh y
tanh (x IJ=y) =
I htanhxtanhy

653.2.

sinh x f sinh y
cash x + cash y *

653.4.

= d{+(coshx

tanh x f tanh y =

sinh x
cash x - 1
= cash x + 1
sinh x

tanh;

653.6.

&ah (x f y) =

653.7.

ctnh 2x =

ctnh$

sinh (x & y)
cash x cash y

ctnh x ctnh y f 1
ctnh y f ctnh x *

ctnh2 x + 1
2 ctrrhx
.

sinh x
cash x + 1,
=
sinh x
cash x - 1 =

145

sinh x = a (ez - e+)

=-- 21 log,-1 2 - --Llog,-1 x >
(

This may be taken from

where log,-l denotes the natural anti-logarithm.
a table of natural logarithms
if series 550 is slowly convergent as with
large values of 2. By noting th.ht log,-1 z .= log,,? (.4343x), a table ot
common logarithms can be used.

654.2.

cash x = i (ez + e+>,

1
=- 2
log6-1x + &
?G
(

*
[See note under 654.1.1

e2z e2 - e-z = -= ___-

1
e2s + 1

654.3.

tanhx

654.4.
654.6.
654.8.
655.1.
655.2.

cash
sinh
tanh
sinh
cash

655.3.

tanh (x f iy) =

sinh 2x f i sin 2y .
cash 2x + cos 2y

655.4.

ctnh (x =t iy) =

sinh 2x F 2sin 2~.

cash 2x - cos 2y

656.1.

sinh 0 = 0.

657.1.

sinhx

+ 1)).

2 tanh x
tanh 2x =
1 + tanh2x

653.5.

653.8.

654.1.

sinh 4 = d{+(cosh x - 1)j ,

2
= - d{;(coshx
- l)],

652.6.

653.3.

FORMULAS

ez + e4

x + sinh x = ez. 654.5.

654.7.
(ix) = i sin x.
(ix) = i tan x.
(x f iy) = sinh x cos y A
(x & iy) = cash x cos y A

656.2.

i cash x sin y.
i sinh x sin y.

cash 0 = 1.

656.3.

tanhO = 0.

=x+g+$+$+..*,

[x2< a].

657.2.
657.3.

cash x - sinh x = e-*.

cash (ix) = cos x.

tanhx

= x
- . . . + (-

lY-122(22n - 1) B x2n4 + . . .
n
,
(2n) !
[x2 < r2/4. See 451.

146

HYPERBQLIC

657.4.

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

For large values of x,

tanhx

657.5.

HYPERBOLIC

= 1 --$+f++
2x5

x
4725 +

+ (-

657.6.

sech x = 1 - ;

657.7.

1)-122n Bnx2n-I
+ ...
(2n) !
[x2 < 7r2. See 45-J:

This substitution

671.10.

+ gf x4 - !$
.

+ F

x4

28 _ . . .

671.101.

+ (-- 1):&p
+ . . .1
(2n) !
[x2 < ?r2/4. See. 451.
csch x = ! - ; + $& - go

657.8.

671.11.
671.12.

+ ...

X,

+ 2(-

1)n(22-1

B&&1

. . .

671.13.

(2n) !
[x2 < 7r2. See 4511
HYPERBOLIC

667 l

671.19.

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES

d sinh x
= cash x.
d;:

667 .3 .

cl tanh x = sech2 x .

667 2
. .

d cash x
= sinh x.

6674. .

d ctnhx

667 5
. .

d sech x
___
= - sech x tanh x.
dx

671.30.

667 6
. .

d csch x
= - csch x ctnh x.
dx

671.40.

. .

dx

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

is useful also with other classes of formulas.

Integrals Involving sinh x

1+-$+$+-j,&-.

147

sin (ix) = i sinh x, cos (ix) = cash x, tan (ix) = i tanh x, etc.
[See 408.1~J5.1

For large values of x,

ctnhx=

sinh x

670. An integral of a trigonometric

function often can be
changed into the corresponding integral of a hyperbolic function by cha.nging x to ix and substituting

.. ..

&nhx=;+;-45+K5--

INVOLVING

dx

dx

= - csch2x .

671.20.
671.21.

671.90.

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

sinh x dx = cash x.
sinhidx

= acoshz.

x sinh x dx = x cash x - sinh x.

x2 sinh x dx = (x2 + 2) cash x - 2x sinh x,
23 sinh x dz = (x3 + 6x) cash x - (3x2 + 6) sinh x.
xp sinh x dx = xp cash

sinh2 x dx =

sinh 2x
--a---Z

x sinh2 x dx =

- p

xp-l cash x dx.

[See 677.1.3

cash 2x
x sinh 2x
--4 8
4

x2

cosh3 x
sinh3 x dx = - cash x.
3
sinh 4x
sinh4 x dx = --E!!p+go
32

sinhp x dx = f sinh*l

cash x - P-1
-

sinhp-2 x dx .

HYPERBOLIC

148

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

sinh x
-

S
S

672.11.
672.12.

cash x
dx. [See 678.11.)

[See 678.11.1

677.10.
677.101.
677.11.
677.12.

= - flog

cash x + 1
cash x - 1 *

x3 +

x dx
sinh x =x-m

.S

- -. . + (-

127x
3*5*9!

31x7

7x5
--3-i+
3*5*5!
1) 2@gy-;)

+...,
[xi<r2.
J3,p+1

See 451,

xpdx
sinh-

673.19.

Expand &

by 657.8, multiply

integrate,
673.20.
673.21.
673.30.

S
S
S
S- =s

673.90.

675.

677.19.

677.20.
677.21.

=
sinh2 x

csch2 x dx = - ctnh x.

677.30.

x dx
-=sinh2 x

xctnhx

677.40.

dx

sinh3 x

+log

Isinhxl.

csch3 x dx

cash x
- ilog
= - 2 sinh2 x

673.40.

677.13.

by xp and
CP f 01.

dx

677.90.
I

tanhi

cash x
dx
-- P--2
-sinhp x = - (p - 1) sinhp-1 x
p - 1

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

149

cash x dx = sinh x.
coshzdx

= asinh:.

x cash x dx = x sinh x - cash x.

x2 cash x dx = (x2 + 2) sinh x - 2x cash x.

d cash x clx = (x3 + 6x) sinh x - (3x2 + 6) cash x.

XP cash x dx = XPsinh x - p

cosh2 x dx =

sin:22

x Gosh2x dx =

cosh4xdx

xp-l sinh x dx.

678.11.

dx

S fP > 1%
sinhpd2 x

sinh (m - n)x
sinh (m + ,n)x
-,
sinh wax sinh nx dx =
2(m - n)
2(m+n)
S
Cm2 # n2. If m2 = n2: see 671.291.

678.12.

678.21.

[See 671.1.1

+;*

2!Ep+~z.

x sinh 2x
4

cosh3 x dx = F

+ sinh x.

sfnh 4x
= 32

+3+Tp

sin~2x

coshp x dx = i sinh x coshp-l x

+P-1
P

ctnh3 x
dx
= ctnh x - *
3
sinh4 x

S
S

cash x

Zniegrats Involving cash x

cash 2x
d(2x).
-Fg--

673.11.

INVOLVING

cash x

S
S
S

ydx=log/xI

cash x
-7+x

coshp-2 x dx .

+&,+&,+&t-.-o.
cash x

= - 2

cosh2 x dx =
-.X

&+I

+f

sinh x

dx.
[See 672.11.1

=$$

d(b).
[See 678.11.)

150

HYPERBOLIC

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

sech x dx = tan-l (sinh x)

682.04.

= 2 tan- eZ+ constant.

679.11.

x dx
-=---

cash x

x=

x4
5x6
4.2! +gg-g--

61x8
1385~~
8.6! + 10-g!

. . . + (2;;;;;n)

! x2n+2 + * * -1

[x2 < 3r2/4. See 45-J

679.19.

xpdx
Expand &
cash x

by 657.7, multiply by xp and

679.21.

679.30.
679.40.
679.90.

681.

S
S
S
S
S
S

682.06.
682.07.
682.08.

CP# a

integrate,
679.20.

682.05.

dx

=
Gosh2x

682.09.

sech2x dx = tanh x.

x dx

682.10.

= x tanh x - log cash x.

cosh2x
dx

~
= 2~~~h~x + i tan-l (sinh x).
Gosh3x

682.11.

sinh x

682.12.
+P--2

co:;p x = (p - 1) cash=-l x

cash mx cash

P--l

nx

dx
coshp x
CP > 11.

dx

= sinh (m + n)x
sinh (m - n)x
+
2(m - n)
2(m + n>
[m2 #
[If m2 = n2, see 677.20.1

682.02.
682.03.

dx
s cash x + 1

S
S

dx

cash x - 1
x dx

cash x + 1

151

= - x ctnh s + 2 log sinh G .

I
I

cash x dj:
= x - tanhz.
cash
x+ 1
s
cash x dx
. =x-ctnhge
cash
x - 1
s
dx

cash x(cosh 2: + 1)
dx

s cash x(cosh x - 1)

S
S

(cash:+

= tan-l (sinh x) - tanh g a

= - tan-l (sinh x) - ctnh z.

itanhz
1) = 2

dx

(cash x - 1)

- itanh3$m

=.- 1 ctnh g - 5 ctnh3 G.

3 cosh2x - 1
dx
1
= v2 Gosh-
cosh2
x
+
1
cosh2x + 1 >
s

685.11.

dx

= - ctnh x. [See 673.20.1

sinh2 x

Involving

sinh x and cash x

sinh2 x
Gosh2x
sinh x cash x dx = = + constant

cash 2x
= + constant.
4

= tanh;.

685.12.

= - ctnhz.

685.13.

= x tanh $ - 2 log cash;.

dx

cosh2x - 1 =
Integrals

n].

682.01.

x dx

cash x - 1

sinh x AND cash x

Use the positive value of the inverse cash.

tanh3 x
dx
= tanhx - 3.
cosh4x

INVOLVING

685.19.

S
S
S

cosh3 x
3

sinh x cosh2x dx = -.

cosh4x
sinh x cosh3x dx = .

sinh x coshp x dx =

coshP+lx
p+l

CP f

- 11.

HYPERBOLIC

152
685.21.
685.22.
685.31.
685.91.
686.11.
686.12.
686.13.
686.19.

S
S
S
S

sinh3 x
= -*
3

sinh2xcoshxdx

686.22.
686.31.
686.91.

687.13.

sinh 4x
x
sinh2 x cosh2 x dx = - -0
32
8
sinh3

cash

sinhPxeoshx&

S7.21.

sinhP+l x
p+1

ax

687.19.

sinh- x
dx = -.
4
cp # - l]*

S
S

sinh x cosh2 x =&x+logl

ax

ax

687.31.

sinh x cosh3 x = 2

sinh x coshp x = (p - 1) :osbp- x

colsh2

lo

ax

687.32.

43 f

sinh x coshph2 x

11.

1
ax
= - - tan-l (sinh xl.
sinh
x
sinh2 x cash x

ax
S

ax
S

sinh2 x cosh2 x

687.33.

687.34.
687.39.

1
- log p.mhz~.
=
2
sinhe
x
sinh3 x cash x
687.7.

ax
S

sinhp x cash x = - (p - l)lsinhP-l

-S
S

sinh x dx =
cash x

sinhp2 x cash x

(jl # 11.

688.11.

sinh x dx
coshp x = - (p - l):osh+

sinh2 x
Goshx dx = sinh x - tan-l

(sinh x)-

sinh x
(p - 1) coshp-l x

sinh2 x

@!&ax=T

S
S

153

I3 # 13

= S tanh2 x = x - tanh x.

.@$~ax=

S
S

cash x

tanh2 x
1
= + constant.
2 cash x
2

sinh x dx =cosh3 x

S
S
S

tanh x dx = log cash x.

688.12.
[See 691.01.1

687.12.

S
S
S
S ax
S

sinh x AND

CP #

11.

- log Gosh x.

ax = Gosh x + sech

-@&$$

ax =

,,$-2

[See 691.02.1

taoh3

X.

tanh2 x
+ log cash x.
= - 2

x ax

[See 691.03.1

@&ja~=3c~h3x--J--~

cash x

= - 2ctnh2x.

ax

INVOLVING

+ &

ax
687.11.

687.22.
587.29.

= log Itanhxl.

sinh x cash x

+
686.21.

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

1
sinh x dx
= - = - sech x.
cosh2 x
cash x

688.13.

gx

a = (p - 1) :o&p

sinhp- x ax = tanhp-l
coshp x
P -1

gxax

$xax=-L=-

S
S

lax=-&=--

x - (p - 3) :oshp3 x
[p # 1 or 31.

ctnhxdx

CPf 11.

= log Isinhxl.

[See 692.01.1
sinh x
2 smh2 x

csch x.
ctnh2 x
+ constant,
2

HYPERBOLIC

154
688.19.
688.21.
688.22.

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS
CP # 11.

s
cosh2 x
=dx

S
S

cosh2 x
mdx

= coshz+logtanh;
I
=

589.03.

689.04.

689.05.

Gosh2x
sinhp .2:dx = - (p _ ;;&+l
+ j&j

x
689.06.

J sin&?

I3 # 11.
689.07.

688.31.
688.32.
688.33.

S
S
S

+ log jsinhxl.

ctnh3 x dx
+log

691.01.
Isinhxl.

S
S

691.02.

cosh3 x
SinhP dx = -

691.09.
(p - 1) iinhp-1 x

689.01.
689.02.

cosh-2 x dx = _ ctnhp- x
sinhp x
p-l

S
S
S

691.03.

dx = - 3 si!hs x - -!.
sinh x

1
(p - 3) sinhp3 x
688.7.

dx
1
sinh x(cosh x - 1) = 2(cosh x - 1)

sinh x dx
= log (cash x + 1).
cash x + 1
sinh x dx
= log (cash x - 1>
cash x - 1

I I
tanh;

tanh;

sinh x dx
cash x(cosh x + 1)

S
S

sinh x dx
cash x(cosh x - 1)

sinh mx cash nx dx
S
= cash (m + n)x
cash (m -. n)x
+
2(m-n)

2(m -I- n>

Cm2 Z n2. If m2 = n2, see 685.111.

[See 692.03.1

688.39.

Integrals

= - q

688.34.

+ ilog

cosh3 x
m
dx = sinh x - csch 2.
gdx

155

dx
1
sinh x(cosh x + 1) = - 2(cosh x + 1)

--ilog

cosh3 x
zizFdx

faanh x AND ctnh x

ctnh2 x dx = x - ctnh x.
[See 692.02 ,]

688.29.

INVOLVING

[p # 1 or 31.

b f 11.

693.01.
693.02.
693.03.

693.09,

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

Involving

tanh x and cfnh x

tanh x dx = log cash x.

[See 687.11.1

tanh2 x dx = x - tanh x.

[See 687.22.1

tanh3 x dx = - kn2fi

+ log cash x. [See 687.33.1

tanhP x & = - tanhP-l x +

P--l
ctnhxdx

tanhp2 x dx,

= log jsinhxl.

CP f

11.

[See 688.11.1

ctnh2 x dx = x - ctnh x.

[See 688.22.1

ctnh2 x
ctnh3 x dx = - + log [sinhxj.
2
ctnhp x dx = - p-;

[See 688.33.1
+ .r ctnhp-2 x dx,
CP #

11.

FORMULAS
707.

INVERSE
700.

HYPERBOLIC

x) = log (x + 4(x2 + 1)j.

[See 602.1 and 706.1

cash-1 x = + sinh- 4(x2 - 1) = f tanh-l

708.

tanh-lx

=x+f+f+f+

709.

+j-$+

[x2 < 1-J.

x = tanh-11

sech-l x = f

fx + 4(x2 - l)],
[x > 11. [See 602.3 and 707.1

1
1.3
log E - $qj x2 - m
[
-s626-

. ..I.

ISee 708.1

711.

= &log{:+

=---1

x-l

d(-$

1
1.3
2.3x3 + mti

1.3.5
- 2.~J.6.7~7

sinh-l x

720.

=
[x2 < 11.
1.3.5
+ 2.4.6.6x

[x < - 11.

[x

**)

>

1-J

[O <x
[See 710.1
[See 711.1

705.

1.3

< 11.

[See 709.1

= -log,;

156

- l)},
[0 < x < 11.

- m

[O <x

csch- x

=log~+~x~-&~+~1p-

sech-lx

X4

[See 602.7 and 602.8.1

= ! iog +

[x2 > 11.

***9

[See 601.3.1

4(x2 - 1)
x

1
1
tanh-1 x = ctnh-l ; = - log -1+x
2
l-x
&h-l

[x > l-j>

. . ..

ctnh-lz=~+&~+-&

= flog

[x2 > 11.

706.

[See 601.2.1

[x2 < 11.

704.

- -**

sinh-l x = tanh-l

= secb;

703.

157

[See 602.3 and 602.4.1

710.

702.

l-3.5
2.4.6.6.9

sinh-l x = cash-l 4(x2 + 1).

= - sinh-i (-

701.

SERIES

1.3
log (2x) - 1
2.222 -5GGi2
1I

cash x = f

FUNCTIONS

Use the positive value of cash-1 when 2 is positive and the negative value
when x is negative.

700.1.

AND

- **-9
[x > 11.

[See 602.l.j

sinh-l

2
I

- Lx2+ze2

(& x + iY) = f

1.3
2.4~4~
[-11x<<].
(-

1.3.5
- mx6s

< 1-j
***9

[See 602.5.1

1) cash-l s+t
2
+ i( - 1) sin--

2Y + ina,
s+t

where the principal value of sin- (between

and the positive value of cash-l are taken,
n is an integer or 0,
x is positive,
Y is positive or negative,

- a/2 and 7r/2)

158

INVERSE

HYPERBOLIC

FUNCTIONS

FORMULAS

and where
720.1.

Alternative

s = d(l + y) + x2

(positive value),

720.2. t - d(l - y) + x2
(positive value).
Note that if z = 0 and y > 1, t = y - 1 and s + t = 2y;.

sinh-l A = log, (A w

cash- A = f log, (A + dm)

= =F log, (A - dm)

dms

where A may be a complex quantity

- A) + i2kr
and k is an integer or 0.

For the square root of a complex quantity see 58 and for the logarithm
see 604. The two solutions a and b are identical. In any given case, the
one should be used which involves the numerical sum of two quantities
instead of the difference, so ss to obtain more convenient precise computation.

721.1.

720.3.

+ 1)~ - tan-l F

- tan- F)

where the principal values of tan-l (between - ?r/2 and a/2)

are taken and where x and y may be positive or negative.
[See formula for tar&-l
Alternative
722.2.

tanh-

(x + iy) in Ref. 24, p. 115.3

:
(1 + xJ2 + Y
(z -I- iy) = i log, (I _ x)2 + y2

cash-l (z + iy)
= f

721.2.

+ i2lm.
See note following

+ A) + i2kn
+ a ((2k

= - lo& ( f

+ i2kr

(1 + x>* -I- Y2
tanh-1 (x -i- iy) = a log, (1 _ x)2 + y2

or
720.3b.

159

or

722.1.
720.3a.

SERIES

721.5b.

If x = 0 and y < 1,1 = 1 - y and s + t = 2.

Alternative

721.5a.

AND

cash -1 p2 + q + i cos-l &

+ i2ks).

cash-l (x - iy)

= -J= cosh-~
p+

- i cos-1-$$

where the positive value of cash-l and the principal

co+ (between 0 and r) are taken,

+ i2kn ,
value of

2 is positive or negative,
y is positive,
721.3.

p = d(l + x)~ + y2

(positive value),

721.4.

q = d(l

(positive value).

- 2) + y

where lc is 0 or an integer.
The proper quadrant for tan-i is
to be taken according to the signs of the numerical values of the
numerator
and the denominator.

722.3.

1+x+@./
tanh-1 (x + iy) = a log, 1 _ x _ iy.
[Ref. 46, Chap. XI.]

INVERSE

1FO
INVERSE

HYPERBOLIC

HYPERBOLIC

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES

730.4.

161

X5
x4 sinh z dx e K ,&h-l 2

- 8a4 - 4;;
728.2.

2 cash-l ; = 4(x21 a2) ,

>Q,
Gosh-l Cc

g>l*

[See 625-625.4.~
I

P
728.3.

cash-l;

& cash-l ; =

< 0, E>l*

730.9.

xp+l

xP sinh-r z dx = pfl

--

Ps-1
728.4.

-!!dx tanh-l z = A%,

[x2 < a]*

728.5.

d
z ctnh-1% I az -a 9

[x2 > aJ.

728.6.

d
z se&-l E =

731.1.

=---X
a

- a
xd(a2 - x2>

728.8.

$ sech-l z = x4(a2-

d
z csch-l s =

[Except

xp+ldx
b f - I].
s 4(x2 + a9
[See 201.01-207.01 and 625.9.]

1.3
ti
-+-5g2.3~3 a3
1

25

l-3*5

1 $ + ----.-+
1.3 a4
- 9 x2
2~4~ x4

1.3~5 a6
2.4~6~ x6

- a
x4(x2 + a) *

[x/a < - 11.

in 728.4 and 728.5, a > 0.1

x sinh- E dz =

731.2.
> 0)

$ sinh-l i dx = - i sinh- z
- ilog

sinh-E-zd(x2+a2).
2a2 - X2

d
x2 sinh-l z dx = - sinh-l z + -

731.3.

a+d(x2+a2)
X

731.9.
r3sinh-lzdx

= ;z

-$sinh-zdx

.
I

= - & sinh-l 4 _ 11(X2+ a2) .

a
2a2x
[See 626.1 to .3.]

4(x2 + a2).

..0)

[x/a > 11.

730.3,

*..,

[ sech (x/a) < 8, 0 < x/a < 1-j.

I

730.2,

[x2 < a]*

2

sinh-1 E dx = x sinh-l % - 4(x2 -I- a>.

730.1.

x7
-+

2.4.6.7+7

x2) 7

INTEGRALS-(a
730.

sinh-l i

5 sinh-l E dx

Csech (x/a) > 0, 0 < x/a < 13.

728.7.

-t. 3x4 dcx2 + a2j.

_ ?.$) sinh-1;
+ 3a2x3i 22 4(x2 + a).

f sinh- z dx = - (p _ ~,xp-l sink-l z

cp z 13

dx

xP-~~(x + a2)
[See 221.01-226.01 and 626.9.

162
732.

INVERSE

HYPERBOLIC

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

cash- ; dx = x cash-l ; - ,/(x2 - a2),

[cash

732.9.
(x/u) > 01,

xp cash- i dx
xP+l

= ?,+l

= x cash- ; + 4(x - u2),

[cash-l
732.1.

x cosh- i dx =

( >
f

x2
= --(2

732.2.

x2 cash-;dx

- ;

(x/u) < 01.

- u2>,

cosh-l ; - 3(x2
[cash-l

(x/u) > O-J,

23
= 3 cash-2

- 2a2 9+ x2 4(x2
[cash-

[cash-

(x/a) < 0,

733.1.

(x/u) > O-J.

733.2.

(x/u) < 0-J.

(x/u) > O-J,

733.9.

(x/u) < 01.

a2)
cash-l ; + 4(x
2a2x

[cash-1 (x/u) > O-J,

1
4(x2 - a2)
=-- 2x2
cash-l z 2a2x

[cash-l (x/u) < 01. [See 62&l-.3.]

(x/a) > 01,

zp
8a4 + 4a2x2 + 3x4
= s cash-l ; +
%/(x2 - a2)9
rcosh- (x/a) < 07;. [See 627427.4.:)

-$ cash-l z dx

= - (p _ ;,xp-l

+ 3x4 11cx2_ a21,

[cash-l

[cash-l

1
2 cash- ; dx = - &

733.3.

(z/u) < 01.

x4 cash z dx
2 cosh-~ E - 8a4 + 4;y
= K

(x/u) > 01,

-$ cash-l s dx = - k cash-l z + i sec.- z ,

I I
[cash-l (x/a) > 0, 0 < set-l/x/a 1< 7r/2],
= -- x1 cash-l 2 - a1 set-1 Z ,
a
Ia I
[cash- (x/a) < 0, 0 < set- 1x/a 1< 7r/2].

= (~-~)cosh-l~+3a2x~221~(x2-a2),

[cash

= ~~~)cosh-~-3a2x~2~~(x~-J2),

732.4.

4(x2 - a)

[See 261.01-267.01 and 627.9.1

a2),

% cash- z dx

[cash-

P+l

p # - 11.

S
S

; cash-l z dx

[cash-

1
xp+ldx
cash- 1x; - 4(x2 - a2)
P+l
[cash-l (x/a) > 0, p # - 11,
1
xp+ldx
cash-l ; + -

a2
cash- ; + 2 4 (x2 - u2),
4>
[cash (x,a) < 01.

23
= 3 cash-l z + 2a2 9+ x2 .\/(22 - a2),

732.3.

xp+l

= m
jcosh-l

163

=[cash-l

(p

-;)xp-l

(x/a) < 0,

cc&+ z

co@;

p # 11.

For 732 to 733.9, E > 1.

+ S

dx
xP+/(x2 - a)
[cash-1 (x/a) > 0, p f 11,
p 1 1

j&J

xp-l$

(3)

[See 281.01-284.01 and 628.9.1

I
INVERSE

164
734.

HYPEEBOLIC

tanh-l z dx = x tanh-l

INTEGRALS

FUNCTIONS
736.2.

i + 4 log (a - $)-

s
734.1.

39 - a2
2 dx = -tanh-l;
2

z tanh
s

734.2.
s
734.3.
734.9.

735.1.
735.2.
735.3.
735.4.

735.5.
735.9.

+y.

x2 tanh- i dx = g tanh-l : + g

S
S

$ tanh-l z dx = y

+ g log (a2 - x2).

736.9.

737.1,
CP # - 11.

x3
2
i tanh- z clx = % +3a3+g$+~+-=

- &sg,
[See 141.1-14&l.]

737.2.

x7
737.3.

-$ tanh-l z dx =
737.4.

L!ltanh-l~&

.S ctnh-l z dx = g et&-l
9&&-l:&

%+ g

xp+l

XP+%X
a
ctnh-l z - a2
- x2
P+l
[p # - l,.a
[See 141.1-148.1.1

xp ctnh-l z dx = m

S
S
S
S

~ct&-l~dx=

-%--!f--&-?-329

f dx = - &

tanh- I - k2
737.5.

737.9.

S
S

- -.

52x5

. ...

72x7

-$ ctnh-1 i dx = - i ctnh-1 i! - -&log

a
&nh-1 E - r
.
2ax

-$ ctnh-l z dx = f

-$ ctnh-l z dx = - -!31 ctnh-l z

--

-$ tanh-l

+ $ log (x2 - a).

=~ctnh-l$+$+$fa

tanh-l z + 12

xp tanh-l t dx = $tanhz

S
S
S
S

736.3.

S
S
S

165

1
6ax2
1 --. 1
ctnh-l z - 12ati
4a3x

S
S

-$ ctnh-l z dx = a
1
Fp ctnh-l z dx = +a

P--l

x.-y,2

dx
-

x2)

CP #

11.

[See 151.1-155.1.)
For 736-737.9, x2 > at.

[See 151.1-155.1.~
For 734-735.9, ti < a?
736.
736.1.

ctnh

z dx = x ctnh

738.

sech-l i dx = x se&-l z + a sin-1 !I,

Fseeh (x/a) > 01,

I + % log (x2 - as).

x2 - a2 ctnh-1 z + 7 .
x ctnh-1 E dx x 2

sech i - a sin-1 5 9
Fsech- (x/a) < 01,

INVERSE

166
738.1.

HYPERBOLIC

FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS
1

X2

x sech-l 2 dx = z sech- g - ; d(a - x2),

739.9.

Csech-l (x/u) > 07,

g scch-l z dx

=-

X2

= 2 sech-g + ; d(a - x2),

(p

;)xp-l

=-

[sech-l

= f se&-l a + ?! ,/(a2
- g sin- z,
738.9.
s

9)

For 738-739.9, 0 < x/a < 1.

740.

[sech-l (x/u) < 0 1.

740.1.

x* sech-l % dx
x*+1

= m

sech-l z + -!?-

?,+1

xpdx
d(u - x2)

740.9.

csch-l z dx =

x csch-l ; dx = 2 csch-l t + $/(x2 + a).

= - f
- -/1.3.5 x6 - . . . ,
2~4.6~ a6

[sech (x/a) > 01,

1.3.5 x6
+ --+
2.4~6~ a6

Csech-l (x/a) < O]-

. ...

X2

x* csch-l z dx = -

P+l

1X
1 csch-

01,

d(a2 - x2)
= - x-1 sech-l 5 - ---r
a
[sITh-l (xju)< OJ-

- 17.

[See 200.01-207.OL-J

; csch-l ; dx = - z + e-?- !f _ ~ 1.3

2.3.3 x3
2.4.5.5
1.3.5
a
+2.4.&7.,2

-a5
x6

>u2],
- "*t [x2

---+1.3.5 x6
741.9.

>

CPf

icx:p~u2,

2~4.6~ u6

(x/u)

xP+1

1.3.5 x6
---**-, a6
+ 2.4.6

$ sech-l z dx = - i sech-l z + d(a2 - x2>,

[seaczh-

csch-l z + a sinh-l z.

+a

[See 320.01-327.c11.1
isech-Edx

741.1.

(x/a) < 0, p # 11.

[See 342.01-346.01.1

[sech- (x/u) > 0, p ?e -11,

739.2.

x2 sech- E dx = g sech z - T d(a2 - x2)

+ g sin-l z 9 [sech-l (x/a) > 02,

739.1.

sech-l

[sech- (x/a) > 0, p # 11,

Csech-l (x/u) < 01.

738.2.

167

[O<x/u<l],

. . . . c-1

<x/u<O].

csch- 2 dx

=-

o, _ ;,xpTl csch-l E - p

I3 # 11.

dx

x*4(x2 + u2>

[See 222.01-226.01.1

ELLIPTIC
757.1.

ELLIPTIC

2
s

FUNCTIONS

dP
p
s o d(l - k2 sin2 p)

750.

Letu=

751.1.
751.2.
751.3.
751.4.
751.5.

rx = sin cp],
- x2)~(1 - k222)
0 40
= F((a, k) = elliptic integral of the first kind.
[See 770.1
(bis the ampl&de, and k the modulus.
(a=amu.
sin (p = sn u = 5.
cos cp= cn 24= d(l - x2).
A(p or A(p, k) = d(l - k2 sin2 p) = dn u = d(l - k2x2).
=

an 2u =

169

FUNCTIONS

2snucnudnu.

1 _ k2 sn4 u

757.2. en 2u =

_ 1
2 en2u
cn2 u - sn2u dn2 u

= 1 - k2 sn4u
1 - k2 sn4u

757.3. dn 2u =

2dn2u
dn2 u - k2 sn2u cn2 u
- 1.
1 - k2 sn4 u
= 1 - k2 sn4u

dX

757.4. tn 2u = l
758.1.

sni

= d(:

758.2. cn i =
758.3. dn % =

751.6. tan (D= tn u = 4(1 _ x2).

759.1.

2 tn u dn u
- tn2 u dn2 u
;Zn).

cn u -I- dn u .
l+dnu
>

cn u + dn u
l+cnu
>

sn (iu, k) = i tn (u, k).

751.7. The complementary modulus = k = d(l - k2).

752.

u = am-l

(p, k) =

sn-l (x, k) = cn- { d(l - x2), k) ]

759.2. cn (iu, k) = cn (i k,) *

= dn-l (d/(1 - k2x2), kJ = tn-1

759.3.

753.1.
753.2.
753.3.
753.4.
753.5.
754.1.

754.2. sn 0 = 0.
754.3. cn 0 = 1.
754.4. dn 0 = 1.
755.1. sn2 26+ cn2 u = 1.
755.2. dn2 u + k2 sn2u = 1.
755.3. dn2 u - k2 cn2 u = kr2.

am (- u) = - amu.
sn (- u) = - sn u.
en (- u) = cn u.
dn (- u) = dn u.
tn (- u) = - tn u.
am 0 = 0.

756.1. sn (u f v) =

sn u cn v dn v f cn u sn v dn u
*
1 - k2 sn2u sn2v

756.2. cn (u f v) =

cnucnvqy snusnvdnudnv
1 - k2 sn2u sn2v

168

ii

;:, .

769.1. sn u = u - (1+k2)~+(1f14ks+k$$
- (1 + 135k2 + 13516+ k6) $ + .**.
760.2. cn u = 1 - $ + (1 + 4k2) $ - (1 + 44k2 + 167c4)$
.
+ (1+408k2+912k4+64k)s!

US

- em*.

756.3. dn (u f v) = dn u dn v 7 k2 sn u sn v cn u cn v

1 - k2 sn2 u sn2v
756.4. tn (u f v) = tn u dn v f tn v dn u
1 Ftnutnvdnudnv

dn (iu, k) = t;

760.3. dn u = 1 - k2 $ + (4 + k2)k2 f - (16 + 44k2 + A4)k2 $ .

US

+ (64 + 912k2 + 40Sk4 + k6)k2 si. -

-0.

ELLIPTIC

170
760.4.

ELLIPTIC

FUNCTIONS

Complete Elliptic

am u = u - k2 $ + (4 + k2)k2 g - (16 -I- 44k2 + k4)k2$

+ (64 + 912k2 + 40836 + k6)k2 $ - . . . .

773.1.

K =

rl2

S
0

=.-.;

[Ref. 21, p. 156.1

40

INTEGRALS

Integrals

171

(See Tables 1040-1041)

dv
- k2 sin2 43)

l+;k2+g-$V+

$$$k6

+ . ..).
[k2 < 1-j.

ELLIPTIC
768.1.

FUNCTIONS-DERIVATIVES
773.2.

cl
-& sn u = cn u dn u.

12
1+3m2-l-~2m4
L1

K=i(l+m)

12.32.52

22.42.62m6

768.2.

& cn u = -snudnu.

768.3.

d
du dnu

where m = (1 - k)/(l

ELLIPTIC
Elliptic

[Ref. 36, p. 25.1

FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS

F(cp,
k)=s(Ddv
Integral

Elliptic Integral

Ck2< 11,

dX
_ 22)d(1

_ k222)

cx = sinal-

o ,/(l

- k2 sin2 q)dq

- 2)

of the Third Kiid.

UP, n, k) =

=S
.li(l

The letter n is called the parameter.

d2

d(l

- k2 sin2 cp)dp

=-- ;

12.32.5 k6 _ . . .
22.42.62
1
[k2 ;

+!$-L?&--

dzx)d(l

m2
l2
774.2. E = 2(1 1; m) 1 -I- F + m2
[
where m = (1 - k)/(l + k).
This series is more rapidly
774.3.

6
n sin2 cp)-\l(l - k2 sin2 a)
+ nxZ)d(l

E =

Integral

774.1.

of the Second Kind.

cd(l

kf4

log;-&-&&
k+--a,
>
(
- k2), and log denotes natural logarithm.
[Ref. 33, pp. 46 and 54.1

where k = d(l

[See 750.3

S
& [x=sin
p].
=Sd(l- k2x2)

Elliptic

+$$$

- k2 sin2 p)

ozd(l

mcp, k) =

772.

-*

[Ref. 31, p. 135.1

+ k).

4
l2
4
2 k,2
K = logpET+
logkj -- lB2
(
>
12.32
+ 22.42 log i - i$ - A)
(

of the First Kind.

o d(l

771.

This series is more rapidly convergent than 773.1 since m2 < k2.
= - k2 sn u cn u.

773.3.

770.

- k222)
[x = sin q].

m4 + g2m6

11.

+ a--]

[Ref. 31, p. 136.1

convergent than 774.1 since m2 < k2.

E = 1+ ;

log; - &
kf2
>
(
12.3
+ i2.4 log 3 - A - A)
(

v4

+z(log;-&&&)k+.*..
[Ref. 33, pp. 46 and 54.1

172

ELLIPTIC

FUNCTIONS

ELLIPTIC

775.
F(v,
k)=s0cd(ldP

785.1.

- k2 sin2 9)

= $ K - sin Q cos (0 ; A2k2 + g

(

A,k4

+EA,lcS+

where

785.2.
00.

>

785.3.

Ar=A+isin2a,

At=;,

786.1.
As = 2s. .

+ &

sin2 rp + i sin4 q,

3.5.7
5.7
7
1
AS = -2s4a6m8+ 4s6s8 sina lo + S;S sin4 Q + gsin6 co,
and K is found by 773 or from tables.

[Ref. 5, No. 526.1

1
1.3
1.3.5
776.
F(cp, k) = (P+ z vzk2+ m v4k4-I- 2*4s6v6k6 + *s-J
where
vzn =
777.

WV, kl =

sin2* p dp.

s0

= z

[See 430.)

[Ref. 36, p. 26.)

780.3.

E $ sin Q cos q f Azk2 + &

[Ref. 36, p. 58.)

cn u du = i cos-1 (dn u).

dn u du = sin-l (sn u) = am u.

sn u
.
*
= log
sn u
cn
u
f dn u>
(
he = ; log k sn ,u,; dn u .
cn u
>
(
du
k sn u - cn u
= $ tan-l
- [Ref. 5, Ko. 563.7
k
dn u
( sn u + cn u>

Usn2udu = j$ {u - E(amu, k)).

787.2.

787.4.

A.#

Ocn2udu = b {E(amu,k)

- k2uJ.

U dn2 u du = E(am u, k).

dX

u tn2udu

- E(am u, k)].

= -$ (dnutnu

+ -)

788.1.
788.2.
788.3.

sn x dx = x sn-l x + 1 cosh vo - k2x2) .

k

dx
-Itn-1 [;, #y)]
,
oEd(a2 +x2)d(b2 +x2> = a
[a > b2, x > 01.
[Ref. 5, No. 541.7

1
cn x dx = x cn-r x - - cos-r d(kf2 + k2x2).

dn-r x dx = x dn-l x - Ic
sin- [li(l;

x9].

[Ref. 36, Chap. III.]

x b
5,;
,
_
33
= a sn-l
oz db2 - x2)4(b2
(
>
[a > b > 2 > 0-J.
[Ref. 5, No. 536.7

S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
0

= tn- (x, k) = F(tan-* x, k),

s oz d(l + x2):(1 + k2x2)
CO < x < 11. [Ref. 36, p. 42, eq. (4).]

787.1.

787.3.

q(l - Ic2sin2 a)&0

where AZ, A4, ..a are given in 775, and where E may be obtained by 774 or from tables.
[Ref. 5, No. 527.7

780.2.

786.3.

dn u
snudu = -A k cash-r k
(
>

173

+ +$6A&s

780.1.

786.2.

INTEGRALS

789.1. g=;(E
789.2. g=;(-$-K)o

-K).
,

FORMULAS

BESSEL
800.

Bessels differential

FUNCTIONS
equation is

[Ref. 12, p. 7, eq. (7).]

of the First Kind, J,,(x)

xJ=nJ
n

501.2.

xJ,, = - nJ,, + xJ,+1. 801.4.

801.5.

4J,, = Jn-m-2
- 2J, -I- Jn+z.

801.6.

-& (xnJ,) = xnJ,+-l.

801.82.

J2 = z

801.3.

n - xJn+~.

801.7.

2nJ,, = xJ,I

2J,, = J-I

Jo+~($

801.84.

Jq = (1 - 5)

801.85.

Js =F(l-$)J,,+(F-$+l)Jr.

801.90.

Jd = - Jl

801.91.

J1= Jo - 2.

801.92.

Jz = % + (1 - -$) J1.

801.93.

J; = ($-l)J,,+(+

J$ =

of the Second Kind, N,(x)

N,,(s) as in Ref. 17 and Ref. 62, pp. 357-358, and same as Y,(Z) in
soz.1.

xN,

= nN, - xNn+l.

802.2.

xN,

= - nN, + xNn--l.

- J,,+I.

802.3.

2nN, = xN,-I

502.4.

2N, = N-1

- N,+I.

802.5.

4N,

- 2N,

802.6.

$ (x*N,,) = xN,I.

802.7.

& (X-N,,)

802.82.

N2 = z

~02.90.

No = - NI.

802.91.

Nr = No - $*

= N-2

2N1

-I- xNn+~.

Nn+2.

= - x-Nn+l.
-

No.

- 1) Jl.

802.92. N; = x2No + (1 - 2) NI.

174

175

!!$-$+l)J,,-(F-$+,,);.

Bessel Function

+ xJ,,+~..

$ (x-Jn) = - x-J,,+l.

- Jo.

801.95.

Ref. 13 (not boldface Y,,) and Ref. 50.

Denote $ J%(z) by J,,, etc.

8011*-

,=z($-1)Jr($$$+l)h.

SERIES

For tables of JO(z) and J&J) see Ref. 50; Ref. 12, p. 267, Ref. 13, p. 666,
and Ref. 17.

u. = 0.

Bessel Function

8ow4.

AND

176

BESSEL

802.93. Ns=

FORMULAS

FUNCTIONS

AND

177

SERIES

Modified Bessel Function of the Second Kind, K,,(x)

($-l)No+(+)$.

8041* . xK ?I = nK 73- xK n+l

8042
. . xK=I

802.94. N~r=~($-l)No-(~-~+l)N,.

-nK

,, - xK,-1.

804.3. 2nK, = xK~+~ - xK,,-1.

802 . 95

N 6t =

960
( X4

84
->++1

!ipLT+13

No>

For tables of No(z) and Nl(z)

$.
>

see Ref. 50, Ref. 13, p. 666, and Ref. 17.

804.4. 2K,' = - K-1 - K,+l.

804.5. 4K,"

IL-2

2%

Modified Bessel Function of the First Kind, I,,(x)

803.3. 2nI, = x1,-1 - xI,,+l.
803.1. xIm = nI, + xI,+~.
803.4. 21,' = I,-.1 + In+l.
803**2 XI n = - nI, + xl++
803.5. 41," = Is-2 + 21, + I,+z.
d
803.6. g (xnIJ = XIn-l.
803.7. -& (x-I,> = x-nIn+l.

804.7. 2 (x-nK,J = - x-K,,+l.

803.82. I2 = IO - %-

804.83. KS = $!? +

803.83. Is =
803.84.

Id=

-$+1

>

II+?.

804.6. $ (xnK,) = - ~~Knm-1.

804.82. K2 = Ko + +

804.84. K4=

($+l)Io-i(;+l),.

-$ + 1 &.
>

804.85. K,=~($+1),.(~+~+1),.
804.90. Ko = - Kt

803.90. Ib =I Il.

804.91.

($+i)Ko+~($+l)Kl.

803.85. 16= ~~+~+1>,-~($+1),.

803.91.

&+2.

Klf = - KO - 2.

= IO - $.

804.92. K, = - %
803.92. I2 =I1

-$+I

>

+
804.93. KS = -(;+l)Ko-($+f)$*

803.93. &'=($+l)I,-($+5)$
804.94. K41 = -i($+l)Ko-(T+$+l)

803.94. I~-(~+~+l)Il-~(~+l)I,.
804.Q5. Kgl= 803.95. I; =

+ $ + 1 10 - 9
>
(

+ 2

+ 13) :.

For tables of lo(z) and 11(z) see Ref. 50, p. 214, Ref. 12, p. 303, and
Ref. 17. Tables of ~-210(z) and e-11(~), Ref. 13.

;+$+l)Ko-

(F.t4z+13

>

2.

For tables of K(z) and K(z) see Ref. 50, p. 266, and Ref. 12, p. 313.
and (2/r)K1(2),
Tables of e~ZGio(z)and sKl(r),
Ref. 13. Tables of (2/?r)K&)
Ref. 17.

BESSEL

178
807.1.

FORMULAS

FUNCTIONS

Jo(x) = 1 - (3x) + B

- *

Jl(C) = - Jo(x) = 3s - gg

+ +g$

SERIES

*. . .

12.y.52.7.g
12.3.5
PI(X) = 1 + 4!(8x)"
2!(8~)~
12.32.52.72.92.11.13
+

-L+
. .
283!5 !

807.22.

J?,(x) = &,

807.3.

When n is a positive integer,

J?&(x) = y
807.4.

. -L+&,
241!3!

[ 1 - l(i+;l)

+ 1 *2(n :;,;

The signs are alternately

+ 2) - * * .] .

When n is not a positive integer, replace n ! in 807.3 by

[See 853.1.1 [Ref. 12, p. 14, eq. (IS).:]

807.61.

J;(x)

= ; - 32

807.62.

J;(x)

=2-&&+=-E+
. .

807.69.

J,,(x) = 2m(;nz 1>, (n + 2)x+1

.
2nf21!(n + l)!
(n + 4)x+3
(n + 6)~~
+ 2n+42!(n + 2)! - 2+63!(n + 3)! + *
[n an integer > 01.

+ &&

. .

-g&t-

2j2!4!

***.

Jo(z) = (,),,

[p,(x)

283!5 !

808.3.

Jn(x) = (a)lpx,c0s(x+~)
- Q%(x) sin

Pn(x) = 1 - (4n2 -2;:;;

-**-

808.32.

- 2*&;;;g2

>I

- 32)

Q,,(x) = 21 ,ix l2

808.4.

2 II2

0 [

J,,(x) = -

P,(l)(x)

sin

QnY

>

(70s

xL!L2

where, from 801.4,

808.41.

P,(x)

= 1 -

808.42.

&n(l)(x) =

>I

Jl(X) = (-y2

[p,(x)

(4n2 - 12)(4n2 + 3 X 5)

4n2 -t 1 X 3
1!8x
3 !(Sx)3

cos (x - 2)
- Q1(x) sin (x - F)]

2!(82)2
+ (4n2 - l?) (4n2 - 32)(4n2 - 52)(4n2 + 7 X 9) _ . . . .
4!(8~)~

+
+ .a -.

x - nq - T

(4n2 - 12)(4n2 - 32)(4n2 + 5 X 7) + . . .

- ~_..
80802.

_ (4n2 - 12)(4n2 - 32)(4n2 - 52) + . . ..

3!(8~)~

12.32.52.72.92.112

6!(8x)6

x - E - T
4
2

4!(8x)4

COS(x - a)

+ s

where

PO(x) = 1 - 12.32 + 2;;;;5$72

2!(8x)2
.

Q,,(x) = - Gx

- -12.32.5.7
3!(82)3 + 12.32.52.72.9.11
5!(82)5

$ C4n2- 12)(4n2 - 32)(4n2 - 52)(4n2- - 72) - . . .

where

808.12.

&l(x)

. . ..

- &0(x) sin (2 - $1
808.11.

-'**

+ and - after the first term.

808.22.

808.31.

Asymptotic Series for Large Values of x

808.1.

= ;Gx

l&J,(x).

807.5.
II(n).

231!2!

6!(&)6

. ..*

When n is an integer,
Jmn(x) = (-

179

where

+ . * *.

808.21.
807.21.

AND

180

BESSEL

FUNCTIONS

FORMULAS

Extension of these series can be made by inspection. The

sign N denotes approximate equality. Note that the various
series for large values of x are asymptotic expansions and there
is a limit to the amount of precision which they will give.
809.01.

J*(z)

AND

where n is a positive integer.

SERIES

The last quantity

in paren-

theses is 1 + i + . . - + i) when p = 0.
[Ref. 49, p. 161, eq. (61)
and Ref. 50, p. 174.j

sin 2.

181

Asymptotic Series for Large Values of x

.

809.03. J&x) =

812.1.

No(x) = ($)l

PO(X) sin (x - :)

( -f >I.

+ &l?(x) cos 5

809.05. Js(x) =
812.2.

Nl(x) = ($-

[P,(x) sin (x - 2)

+Q,(x~cos(x-2))
812.3.

N,(x) = ($)l

+ Q,,(x) cos x - E - E .
2
4
[For the P and Q series see 808.J

[For higher orders see Ref. 12, p. 17.1

811.1.

No(x) = z(,+,.;)

Jo(x) +;G

812.4.

-W(l+f)+W(l+f+f)-

.,.,

where y is Eulers constant 0.577 2157.

[see 851.1.)
[See note preceding 802.1.1

[For P,(l)(x) and Qn(l)(x) see 808.41 and 808.42.)

lo(x) = Jo(ix) = 1 + (ix)2 + g
where i = d(- 1).

813.1.
811.2.

811.3.

Nl(X) = ;(,+loB.;)

Jdd -5

(--Qp
-?r5 p=. p!(pfl)!

(I)2p+{2(l+;+.

..+3+&}.

N,(x) = s(T + log.;) Jn!x>

-r-,l

(n-p-l)!
?TP=4 p!
x

[P.(x) sin (x - y - a>

x 2p--n 1 g (-1)p
2 2*n
---ii p4 p!(n+p)! 0-i
05

813.2.
813.3.

+ s2

+ . **

(3x13+ - (3x>5
= lo(x) = ix + m
12.22.3 + *
When n is a positive integer,

II(X) = i-lJl(ix)

I,,(x) = +J,(ix)
(3x>
l-2(?%+ l)(n + 2) + * * *

182

BESSEL

813.4.

IW.

where n is a positive

When n is an integer,
L(4

813 s.

FORMULAS

FUNCTIONS

theses is

= I&).

When n is not a positive integer, replace n! in 813.3 by

[See 8.53.1.1 [Ref. 12, p. 20.1

Asymptotic Series for Large Values of n

814.1.
814.2.

ez
IO(X) a------d (2*2)
I&>

+ (4
814.3.

When n is an integer,

815.4.

... .

= K,(z).

When n is not an integer,

K,(z) = kT

(I-&)

- In(X)).

Asymptotic Series for Large Values of x

816.1.

4n~+1X3+(4?2~-12)(4n~+3X5)
2!(8~)~
1!8x

-- {4n2 - 1) (479 -332)(4?&2+5x7

3!(8~)~

Ko(x) = (&)le-x[l

1-

1*

The terms of the series in 814.3 are similar to those in 808.41 and 808.42.

815.1.

in paren-

1 + f + . . . + -$ when p = 0.

K-n(x)

n2 - 12)(4?22- 32)
2!(82)2
-

The last quantity

183

Note that the letter K is sometimes, particularly

in earlier
writings, used to denote other expressions in connection with
Bessel functions.

I, (2)
x lC

integer.

SERIES

[Ref. 13, p. 80, and Ref. 50, p. 264.1

815.3.
4n2 - 12
1 !8x

AND

-A+&-&&$+

where = denotes approximate

816.2.

**.I

equality.

K,(x) x (f-)12e-z [l + ;!,

+ (4d-

.I

1)(4&-332)+
...
2! (8~)~
[Ref. 12, p. 55, eq. (50).]

Ko(x) = - (y + log, ;) IO(X)

816.3.

where y is Eulers constant, 0.577 2157.

815.2.

K,(x) = (- I)++

+ log, ;) In(x)

2 22
P!
+ 1 y (- l)(?&
p
l)! 0z
+ (Z)n
@
22
p!(n\
p)! (d
1 1
x ( 1+2+3+

. ..+.+1+;+...+-$-J,

4n2 +1 x 3 + (4n2 - 1) (4n2 + 3 x 5)

2!(8~)~
1!8x
...
+ (4n2- 12)(4n2 -33(4?9+5x7)+
3!(8~)~
I
[from 804.4.1
The series can be extended by inspection.

x 1+
[

817.1.

Ho()(z)= Jo(z)+ iNo(

817.2.

K,(z) = ; Ho()(iz).

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

184

FORMULAS

817.3.

H,")(z) = Jn(z) + iN,(z).

817.4.

H,,(2)(z) = Jr,(z) - iN,(c).

[Ref. 13, p. 73.1

817.5.

K,(z) = y einr2H,(1)(iz).

[Ref. 13, p. 78.)

AND SERIES

185

where
For all values of x and p,
cos (x sin (p> = JO(Z) + 2J&)

818.1.

sin (CTsin

818.2.

Q)

= 2J,(x) sin

cos 2~0
+ 2J4x)

821.3.
co9 4Q +

f 2J3(x) sin ~C,O

+ 2J5(X) Sin+

818.4.

2J&)

= 2J&) cos Q - 2J3(2)

Sin (x COS Q)

coS4~

12.32 52
3?r
+31(82.3 c0sq+-,

* - *.

-se.

cos (x cos Q) = Jo(z) - 2J,(x) cos 2Q

818.3.

Lo(z) = 1 +&os;+&$cos~

--*.

*--.

821.4.

MO(x)

= ---If-sin:

l!Sx

12.32snl-

4
12.32.52
. 3a
_-----sin.3! (8~)~
4

COS 3Q

2J6(x)

COS~Q

. 2T

Z! (8~)~

l .0.

[Ref. 12, p. 32. J

Bessel Functions of Argument xi+,
(For numerical values see Table 1050.)

of the First Kind

820.1.

ber x + i bei x = J&i+)

= l&c+)
= herox + i bei,,x.

820.2.

ber x = $ ber x, etc.

- T&)sin(~-l-$1,
821.6.

beix wezIy2
d(2rrx) [T&)cos(~+$

where
820.3.

berx = 1 -- $$4+m Gx>8 - *aaD

820.4,

bei

820.5.
820.6.

$$!

f$$?

$?!$?

. . l .

ber x
bei

821.8.
=

$2

$!.$

+
.

821.1.

821.7.

$$

12-3-5

2Yr

- q&)2cos
q12-32*52*7-9 &
-&- 4! (8x)4

cos;
So(x) = 1 - =
l!Sx
12-32-5-7 cos37r
~!(SX)~

To(x) = ~xsin~+$$$sinq

_ ,..~
8

. 2?r

- + 0..*
+ 12-32-5-7 . 3T + 12.32.52.7.9 an. 4n

so.

3!(8~)~

lnq

4! (8~)~

[Ref. 14.1

For large values of x,

(5-31;

822.1.

When n is a positive integer,

ber, 1: + i bei, z = Jn(xidz3 = Pl&di).

186

FORMULAS

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

822.2. her,, x = $ (-p:~~~$,+2p

cos epk

823.6. bei, x = -J$$ 2 [T.(x)cos(-&+;+~)

where

+ S,(x) sin (5

p = 0, 1, 2, 3, ..a.
bei,, x = 5 (- $~~$~+2p
.
Z-0
822.4. her, x
822.3.

= g (- l)+p(; + P)(i
$I=0

823.7. s,(x) = 1 - 4n2 ; ix

822.5. bei, x

00(- l)+=+(; + P)(;rsin

=2
p!(n+p)!

823.8. T+,(X) = 4n2 z ix

(n + 3p)?r

ber,za~[L.(z)eos(~-~+~)
- g + F

>I
,

823.2. bei, x -jz[Mn(x)cos(~-;+gj

d(2rxj

Bessel Functions of Argument xidi, of the Second Kind

(For numerical values see Table 1050.)

824.2. ker x = & ker x, etc.

824.3. ker x = (log:-T)berx+:beix

823.3. L,(x) = 1 - y, ix12 coa ;

.
+ (4n2 - 12)(4n2- 32) cost _ 5..
9
2! (8~)~
4
823.4. M,(x) = $,
.

sin-37r - ea.*
4

824.1. ker x -I- i kei x = IG(xdi).

+ L(x) sin $;+g]$
(

where

3 sin 2

_ (4?&2)(4n2+3X5)sin2*
4
2! (8x)2
-32)(4722+5x7)
+ (4d - 12)(4732
31 (8x)3

823.1. For large values of x, when n is a positive integer,

- M,(x) sin 5
(

3 cos;

d- 12)(4d+3 x5)
2?r
cos + (4
2! (8xy
_ (4n2 - 12)(4?9- 32)(4n2+ 54x 7) cos 31
T + 0*4$
3 ! (8x)~

cos (n + 2p)T

P! (n + P>!

+ ; + y)]

where

sin (n f42p).

q+2p-1

187

AND SERIES

-(1++)&+(1+5+a+:,$$
- (1+$+++i+j++$y+..a,
where

sin f
_ (4n2 - 12)(47? - 32) sin zf + . ..*
2! (8~)~

~ (2zx) [s*~xhos(-g+;+~)
823.5. her, z =L?z- T,(x) ain

824.4. keix=

.y = 0.577 2157.
(log:-y)beix-zberx

+i&
+(1+4+f+i+f)@

(1 + 3 + $1gf
l *-

188

BESSEL

824.5.

kerx=

FORMULAS

FUNCTIONS

(log%--r)borx-iberx+fbeix

826.2.

ker,x

= (log:

+ lrt

- (l+~)g2+(1+~+~+~)g$-..o.
. .

(-

l)f(n

. .

+ (1 + 3 + $ + 2 + g> L$$ - . ..*

. .
825.1.

For large values of x,

826.3.

cos (n + 2p)*
4

+L

n+P 1
1)+(~2)+2 cos (n + 2p)5
4
P! (n + P>!

bei, x - T her,, x

kei, x =

+ l/?? (2 p=o

x 2-

0z

(-

1y+qn

- p - 1) ! x 2p-n
(2 + 2p)?r
sin
4
z
0
P!

-;p$o(l+;+;+...
kerx=

- p - l)!

+;+1+2+;+..*

189

bei,x

P!

2,x0

kei x = f log 4 - y bei x - 5 bei x - 2 ber x

J
\
++x-(l+f+f)#,

SERIES

- 7) ber,,x +i

+&gc!(l+;+;+...
824.6.

AND

+;+1+;+;+...

(~)12~~~~z[Lo(-x)cos(~+~)

(-

l)n+P(gZ)n+2P

+&J
sin

(n

2p)r.

P! (n + PI!
+&(--x)sin(G+i)]826.4.
825.2.

+ An? (4 p=o

kei x -(~)112e-+l!fo(-x)COS(~+~)
- Lo( - 2) sin

ker,x=

(log:-,)ber,,x-F+;bei,,r

1y+q2p

(G+Z)]-

See 821.3 and 821.4, changing z to - x.

825.3.

ker x = - (~>12~-~~~~[~o(-x)cos(~-~)

826.5.

+ Ic(4 v=o

+To(-,6in(-$-s)]*
825.4.

kei x = - ( &)12e-z/d2 [ To(- z) cos (5

kei,x

- ;)

- n)(n - p - l)! 2 2p-n- cos (n + 2p)a

4
02
P!
. ..+.+1+;+;+...+2n+p
(- l>+(n + 2p>(4x)+- cos (n + 2p)a.
p! (n + PI!

= (logs
1y+q2p

- -y> bei,x

-:~o(l;+;+p...

-?30(-x)siu(G-:)I*
827.1.

When n is a positive integer,

kern x + i kei, x = i-K,,(x@.

1>n+qn + 2p>(4x>+- sin (n + 2p)?r*

4
p! (n + PI!

For large values of x, when n is a positive integer,

12e-z/42

826.1.

- :berd;&

- n)(n - p - l)!

(-

See 821.7 and 821.8, changing z to - 2.

-F

[L

190
827.2.

BESSEL FUNCTIONS

INTEGRALS

kei, x = (~~e~/l[M.(-x)eos(~+~+~)

829.4. bei, x = -!~2 (her,-1 x - bei,-l x) - F.

- L,( - x) sin 5+;+y)]*

(
[See 823.3 and 823.4.:;
827.3.

827.4.

330. The formulas of 828-829 are applicable to Bessel functions

of the second kind by changing ber to ker and bei to kei.
[Ref. 14, eq. (l)-(SO).2

ker, x = - (~)12e-IN~~(-x)eos(~--++)
2) sin $-;+y)].
(

+ T,(-

kei, x = - (~)12e-=~~2[T.(-x)cos(~-;+~)
- A%(- x) sin $-;+y)].
(

Note that the series for large values of x are asymptotic expansions end
there is a limit to the amount of precision which they will give.

Recurrence Formulas
berl x = ~2
A (berx - bei x).

828.2.

beil x - -!~2 (ber x + bei x).

828.3.

ber2 x = -

2 bei x
2

BESSEL FUNCTIONS-INTEGRALS
835.1.
835.2.

[See 823.7 and 823.8.1

828.1.

191

835.3.
835.4.
835.5.
235.6.

- ber x.

836.1.

S
=- x-Jd4.
SpJ*l(x)da:
=XV,(X).
Sx"l,-l(X)dX
=x-V,(x).
Sx-"&&+1(x)dx
=- xnK,(x).
Sx"K,-l(X)dX
=- x"K,(x).
,
SzX"Kn+l(X)dX
s
S
S
S
S
s
xJ,-l(X)dx

= XV,(X).

x ber x dx = x bei x.

828.4.
828.5.
828.6.

bei2 x = - -2 ber x _ bei x .

836.2.

be& x = - ber x - -2 hers x

beit x = - bei x - -2 beiz x

x bei x dx = - x ber x.

836.3.

x ker x dx = x kei x.

836.4.

* x kei x dx = - x ker x.

[Ref. 12, p. 27.)

x(ber,zx + bei,sx)dx = x(ber,xbei,x

- bei,xber,x).

x(ber,2x + bei,2x)dx = x(ber,xber,x

+ bei,xbei,x).

829.1. ber*+lx = - z
829.2. bei,+l x = - T
829.3. her,. x = - $

(ber, x - bei, x) - her,1 x.

(her,, x + bei, x) - bei-1 x.
(her,1 x + bei,,- x) - F.

837.1.
837.2.

[Eq. 191 and 193, p. 170, Ref. 49.1

See also similar equations in ker,, x and kei, z, eq. 236 and 238, p. 172,
Ref. 49.

FORMULAS

AND

193

SERIES

For large values of m,

844.

P,(cos e> = (&)2sin((m+a)B+~}*

SURFACE
840.

ZONAL

HARMOiVICS

[Ref. 21, p. 137.1

PO(~) = 1.

[Ref. 22, p. 160, eq. 1.1

(x2 - 1).

844.1.

P,(x)

= &&$

844.2.

P,(l)

= 1.

844.3.

P2m(- 2) = P,,(z).

844.4.

Pa,&-

WCC> = P.
P26.4 = f (31.J2- 1).

z) = - P,,+,(z).
[Ref. 22, p. 150, eq. 5-7.1

PaG> = f (5/.J3- 3/A).

P,(p) = $4 (5*7p4 - %3.5,2

845.

$ 1.3).

First Derivatives,

Pm(~) = -$ P&L>.

P,(p) = 0.
P&,.,) = k4

P66.4=

(7.9p5 - 2.5+7/.~~+ 3.5~~).

P1(/&) = 1.
Pz(PL) = 3/J.

2+6

P,(/.t) = 2+6

(7*9*11#

- 3*5*7*9#
+ 3*3*5*7/.42 - 1.3.5).

(9~11~13/.? - 3*7*9.11$
+ 3.5.7*9p3

- 3*5*7p).

P,(p)

(3 * 5l.l2 - l-3).

= f

P4(/.b) = f (5.7Q - 3*5/J).

ps)&) = k4 (5-7-gp4 - 2.3.5*7/.~~ + 1.3~5).

Note that the parentheses

factors.

841.

P,(p)

contain

binomial

coefficients

as well as other
[Ref. 25, p. 956.1

= (2m - 1)(2m - 3) * * * 1
- dm - 1) -7,
P
2(2m - 1) p
m.I
- 3) PA
+ m(m
l>(m - 2)(m
2.4(2m - 1)(2m - 3)

The series terminates with the term involving

term independent of p if m is even.

842.

_ ...

1.

p if m is odd and with the

[Ref. 22, p. 145.1

(m + l)Pm+~(p) = (2~2 + l)dm(~) - mPm-I(P).

[Ref. 22, p. 151.1

843.

(jt2 -

l)Pm(P)

n-wPm(r)

~pm-l(Pu>.

[Ref. 21, p. 137.3

192

P,r(,)

= k4 (7*9*&E

P7W

&y-6
.

- 2.5-7.9$

(7*9*11*13#
.

Note that the parentheses

factors.

+ 3.5.7p).

- 3*5*7*9*11#
.

contain

+ 3.3.5-7.9p2 - 1.3.5.7).
. . . . . . . .

binomial

coefficients

as well a.~ other

@ef. 25, p. 957.1

For tables of numerical values see Ref. 22, pp. 278-281, Ref. 45, pp. 188197, and Ref. 52, 53, and 54.

DEFINITE

200
860.2.

860.3.

860.4.

DEFINITE

INTEGRALS

rl2
s0
*I2
s0

La > cl,
[a < C-J.
[Ref. 7, Art. 46.1

sin2 x dx
a
1 - 2a cos 2x + u2 = 4(1 + a) *
[Ref. 16, Table 50, No. 1.)
cos2 x dx
1 - 2a cos 2x + u2 = 4(1_ a)

La< 11,

[a > 11.
= 4(a _ 1)
[Ref. 16, Table 50, No. 2.1
dx
*
s o d (1 f 2a cos 2 + a)
r/z
= 2
dv
= 2K. [a2 < 1.1
s 0 40 - a2 sin2 cp)
[See 773.1 and Table 1040. J
[Ref. 16, Table 67, No. 5.1

860.5.

861.1.

s Oe-dx

= ;.

s me-

861.11.

- e-bdx
2

* xdx
o
ti--l=K
s

= lo&

) ,

863.3.

861.3.

s @edx

an+1

= $

861.5.

[n > - 1, a > 01,

[n = positive integer, a > 01

864.2.

[a > 0.1

864.3.

[Ref. 7, Art. 272.1

s . xe--dx = ! .
0
2
s * &--2=dx = -.d?r
0
4

865.1.

s0

cos 2px dx = zdr e-p21an9

Oe-

s m em sin 2

- &+=dx
-m

= -dr s
2

[a > 01.

dx = ctn- a = tan-l i,

[a > 01.

l -&
log x
o l-x

= - f.

l -dx=
logx
o 1+x

-;.

S
S
S
S
S
S

865.2.

dx=

-;,

l log (l + > dx = e.
12
X
1 log

865.3.

[See 48.2 and Ref. 7, Art. 299.1

l logs
o l-x2

861.6.

[a > 01.

CRef. 11, p. 154, Ex. 3.)

861.4.

a
cos mx dx = a2 + m2

[Ref. 7, Art. 283 and Ref. 20, p. 47, No. 119.)

a0
n!

[u > 01.

[Ref. 7, par. 288.1

- xdx
o
ez+1=iT
s

[Ref. 7, Art. 291.1

I Oxe-=dx = r(;n;l
=-

@e-

862.3.
m
= a2 + m2

s0

s0

> 01.

[Ref. 16, Table 27, No. 1.)

7r2

= e-sinmxdx

863.2.

_.
P
tP

862.2.
863.1.

<

OD

*
dx
= Jlog,2.
s o 1 + epz p

864.1.
861.2.

s0

862.1,

863.4.

2a+lpa

s0
861.8,

201.

x2ue-pz& = 1.3.5 * - * (2a - 1)

861.7.

(a - c co9 x)dx
7r
so a2 - 2ac cos x + c2 = a
= 0,

INTEGRALS

(1 - 2) dx = - 2-.
6
X

2loq2
1x2log (1 + xjdx =m

+ &n&1-,

za+y-

1)

Ca =Ynteger].

DEFINITE

196
854.1.

42

r/2

sin* x dx =

856.1.

COP x ax

0
= i4~6 .-a (m - 1)
2
1.3.5 . . . m
[m an odd integer > 11,
1.3.5
*
*
*
(m
1) 7r
=
2
2.4.6 . . . m

m+l
l-2
d?r
(
),
=2rF+1
( >
855.1.

DEFINITE

INTEGRALS

B(m, n) =

1
S

x-l

[m an even integer],

856.2.

* ax
- = --&+
1 Xrn

S
v,
S

(1

x)"l~x

[m > l].

xp-dx
o 1+2=---

T
sin pn

[O < p < 11.

[Ref. 7, p. 246.]

856.3.
856.4.

oa (1 -;Iz)xP =

CP < 13

T csc p?r,

[Ref. 16, p. 44.1

[m any value > - 1-J.

WGYn)
r(m
+n>

= - T ctn p?r,

CP <

11.

[Ref. 16, p. 44.1

'

[m and n > 0.1

B(m, n) is called the Beta function.

197

[Ref. 20, p. 46, No. 107.1

856.5.
_

INTEGRALS

856.6.
855.2.

cox--ldx
~
o 1+x

?Im?r
n sin y

[0 < m < n].

[Ref. 7, p. 246.1

855.3.

*I2

m+l
2

sin 19cos* 6 d0 = i B

n+l
2

856.7.
>
[Ref. 7, p. 259.3

.l

855.4.

[m and n > - 11.

xrn(l - 39)

- 2 9-,
(+-l)/2dx
= f B m+l.n+l
Cm and n > - 11.

o -:I

dx = Bh

>
[Ref. 7, p. 259.1

[Ref. 6, Art. 122.1

857.1.
x--l(a

855.6.

- x)-ldx

= u*+lB(m,
[m and n > O].

855.7.

x-ldx
@
o (ax + by+

_ NT n>
ab

n),
[Ref. 8, p. 133.1

857.2.

[m and n > O].

[Ref. 6, Art. 122.1

--)

Ca = 01,
n-

[a < 01.

[Ref. 5, No. 480.1

Cm and n > O].

4,

Ca> 01,

= 3

856.8.

?r

1 xm-l

855.5.

m adz
o -=2=

857.3.

dx
*--o (a + x2)(b2 + x2) = 2ab(axf

S
S1
S
S

dx
o 4 (1 - xl*) = PATS
r(p + 4) +

b) *
[Ref. 7, p. 73, No. 4.1
[Ref. 6, p. 168, No. 5.3

dx
(P
o 1 + 2x cos (0 + x2 = 2Tp.
[Ref. 16, Table 6, No. 3.]
l

dx
m
o 1+2xcos$o+x2=~

(a
sin (a
[Ref. 40, p. 80. No. 10.1

198

858.1.

DEFINITE

INTEGRALS

DEFINITE

* sin mx sin nx dx = 0,

[m # n; m, n = integers].

* cos mx cos nx dx = 0,

[m # n; m, n = integers].

8s9.2.

l 0

858.2.

s0

[Ref. 20, p. 46, No. 111.5

INTEGRALS

27r
dx
2r
s o 1 + a cos x = 4 (1 - a)

T dx
a - CO8x = 4 (A

859.21.

199

[a2 < 1-J.

[Ref. 21, p. 111.1
[a > 11.

1)

[Ref. 39, p. 191, No. SO.]

858.3.
858.4.

s0

r sin2 x dx =

s0

859.22.
*

* sin2 nx dx =

cos2 nx dx = a ,

[n = integer].

s0

858.5.

r cos2 x dx = i *

[Ref. 20, p. 46, No. 112.1

* sin mx dx =- ?r

Cm> 01,
Cm= 01,

s0

= 0,
= -- n-

[Ref. 5, No. 484.-j

* co9 ax - cos bx

s0

859.4.
859.5.

859.61.
859.62.

[Ref. 7, Art. 302.)

858.8.

aoCO8x dx
= co.

S
S

859.63.

?$dx=;.

898.9.

859.1.

sl2

S
0

859.64.

O
sin 2 cos mx dx = 0,

n=--

dx
1 + acosx

dx=; ,pb,
1+x2
S0m%i!??f!
c-e
=??a
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

Cm2> 11,

[m = 1 or - 11,

=- a
2

Cm2< 11.

cos-l a
d(l

- a)

[a < 11.
[Ref. 7, p. 22, No. 42.1

[Ref. 40, Art. 88.1

Cm> 01,
[m < 01.

[Ref. 7, par. 290.1

??$i!dx+

dx = log;.

m cos x dx
= d(sf/2).
4X

s0

dx

(sin x + cos x) = 1.

(osin (x2)dx =

[Ref. 7, p. 289, No. 8.1

8S8.7.

so

Cm < 01.

858.51.

859.3.

*I2

860.1.

m cos (x2)dx = $4(7r/2).

%I2 sin x dx
0 40 - k2 sin2 x)

[Ref. 11, p. 156, Ex. 6.3

[k2 < 11.

rl2

cos x dx
1
sin-l k,
[k2 < 11.
40 - k2 sin2 x) = %
[Ref. 16, Table 57, Nos. 2 and 3.1
r/z
sin2 x dx
= ; (K - B),
0 d/l - k2 sin2 x)
[modulus k; k2 < 11.

*/a

40

cos2 x dx
= & {E - (1 - k2)K),
- k2 sin2 x)
[modulus k ; k2 < 11.

[Ref. 16, Table 57, Nos. 5 and 7.1

cos mx dx
*am
r
= j-73
2a
co6
2
+
a2
0 1
[m an integer Z 0; a2 < 11.

DEFINITE
851.4.
DEFINITE
m

[See Table 1018.1 T

l(n) is the Gamma function.

xze-=J (2nx) 1 + &x + &$

[

where = denotes approximate equality. This gives an asymptotic expression for x! when x is a large integer.
[Ref. 44, v. 1, p. 180.-j
[See 11.1
851.5.

The integral is finite when n > 0.

log I(x + 1) = + log (2~) - x + (x + 3) log x

---Bl

850.2. l?(n + 1) = d(n).

850.3. r(n)r(l

3.43

Bs

g&y* -

***

[See 45 and 47.1.1

This is an asymptotic series. The absolute value of the error
is less than the absolute value of the first term neglected.
[Ref. 42, pp. 153-154.)

when n is an integer > 0.

850.5. I(1) = r(2) = 1.

850.6. I(+) = 4~.

Note that BI = l/6, & = l/30, BS = l/42, etc., as in 45.

850.7. I(n + 4) = 1.3.5. *a* (2n - 3)(2n - l)dn/~,

[Ref. 10, p. 301.1
[n an integer > 01.
52X2

851.1.

B2

+ 1.2x

- n) = k-0

850.4. I(n) = (n - l)!,

195

INTEGRALS

850.1.

r(z + 1) =

INTEGRALS

log r(1 + x) = - Cx + 2

852.1.

s&l+
- 532
3 + 4 - . . .,

=e-=logxdx

= - C,

Cx< 11,
where C is Eulers constant,

where C = 0.577 2157, as in 851.1.

1
log (log x)dx = - C.
852.2.

S
0

log p + 1 + ; + f + . . . + ;

= 0.577 2157

and

851.2.

log J?(l + x) = 2

851.3.

log r(l

853.1.

+ x) = ; log s
+ (1 - C)x - (S, - 1) ;

zb
- (6% - 1) x -

Use SO.2 and 850.3 with these series for values of x greater than x.
mef. 7, par. 269-270 and Ref. 10, p. 303.)

194

II(n)

= I(n +.l).

[See 850 and Table 1018.J

If(n) is Gausss Function.

853.2. If n is a positive integer, R(n) = n!.
853.3. II(O) = 1.

DEFINITE

202
865.4.

DEFINITE

INTEGRALS

S
S
S

867.8.

2a (-- ~l)n-l,
l x2+* log (1 + z)az = & sgl

865.6.

866.1.

[a = integer].

@log(l--;c)ch=

-$J,

tan

[u = integer].

868.1.

(logkr2dx

[Ref. 7, Art. 51.1

868.2.
868.3.

= f-

*I2

[Ref. 16, p. 152.1

l 1% (1 +x2 4 d;c = *g log, 2.

1+

*cl

- 2) log 2 log (1 - x)&c = 1 - %*

S
S
0

log sin x dx =

log

= - 7r2
-

sinxlogsinxdx=

(lo!gdx

c-l<P-+=l.

= r(P + 0,

[Ref. 16, Table 30, No. 2.)

868.5.

[Ref. 7, p. 74, No. 13.)

S log
S
S
*

(a zk b COBx)dx = nlog

868.6.

S
S
S
S
S
S

[m + 1 > 0, p + 1 > 01.

log tan 2 dx = 0.

1 (log x)pdx = (- l)p!.

[Ref. 20, p. 47, No. 121.;

logxlog(1+s)dx=2-2log2-~.

868.7.

869.1.

??

log x log (1 - x)dx = 2 - 5 -

xlog (1 + x)dz = ;.

log (1 + tan x)dx = i log 2.

875.1.

r log (a2 - 2ab 00s 2 + b2)dx = 2~ log a, [a

= 2x log b, [b
[Ref. 7,
dx= -.x
[Ref. 20, p. 47,
o cash ax
2a

P b > 01,
z a > O-J.
par. 292.1

No. 120.1

me-J=Jo(bx)dx

875.2.

e-J,,(bx)dx
O

s
0

2 log (1 - z)dz = - ;*

867.5.

867.7.

I(1 + 2) log z log (1 + z)dx = ; - 2 log 2 - &.

[Ref. 7, Art. 51.1

S0

867.4.

[Ref. 7, p. 74, No. 12.1

[Ref. 40, Art. 97.1

867.3.

[u z

1,

cd+ d(a2 - b2)

2
b]. [Ref. 5, No. 523.1

867.2.

[Ref. 5, No. 522.1

*I2

867.1.

2-

rid

566.3 1.

866.4.

[Ref. 7, Art. 51.)

log2 - 1.

jy

log cos 2 dx = - ; log 2.

* xlogsinxdx
42

*I2

868.4.
866.3.

203

865.5.

INTEGRALS

876.

1
4 (a + b2) - a n*
4 (a + b2)
b
[Ref. 12, p. 64, eq. (1) and (2).]

*cos (no - x sin p)dp = rJn(x).

where n is zero or any positive integer.

[Bessels Integral.
Ref. 12, p. 32, eq. (9>.]
For very complete tables of deiinitc integrals see References15 and 16.

DIFFERENTIAL

204

EQUATIONS

Simpsons Rule.
When there are a number of values
of y = f(x) for values of x at equal intervals, h, apart, an
approximate numerical integration is given by

880.

b
f(x) dz=-$[

/ 2=a

DIFFERENTIAL
yo + 4yl+

2y2 + 4y3 + 2y4 +

. . .

+ 4Yzn -1+

y2n

where h=xl-XO=
the constant interval
of x, so that
2nh = b - a. The coefficients are alternately 4 and 2 as indicated.
The approximation
is in general more accurate as
n is larger.
In this way, a numerical result can often be
obtained when the algebraic expression cannot be integrated
in suitable form.
This computation can be performed as one
continuous operation on a manual calculating machine, using
a table of f(r).
881.

An estimate of the error in the above approximate

formula

is

882. The following alternative formula is more accurate, with

many functions, than No. 880. It also can be computed in
one continuous operation on a manual calculating machine.
zrd

[ 1.4yo+6.4y1+2.4yz+6.4ya+2.8~

ax=&

+ 6.4 y3 + 2.4 ys + 6.4~7 + 2.8 ys

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
+

6.4 y4n-3

where 4nh = b -a.

+ 2.4 y4n-2

6.4 ~475-1 +

890.2. Separation of the variabies by a substitution-Homogeneous equations.

If the equation is of the form
flc?

YVX

1.4 Y4n

+ fib,

YMY

= 0,

where the functions are homogeneous in x and y and are of the

same degree, let y = ux. Then
Ml,

dX

-X =

If more convenient

u)du

j-1(1, u) +

ufi(l,

let 2 = uy.

890.3. Separation of the variables by a substitution,

for equa-

tions of the form

where

where the largest entry found in the fourth column of differences in the table off(x), in the range between a and b, may be
used for the numerical value of hyiY(x).
See also pages
184-5 of Methods of Advanced Calculus, by Philip Franklin
(Refer. 39).

890.1. Separation of the variables.

If the equation can be put
in the form fi(x)dx = f&zj)dy, each term may be integrated.

fi(xy)y

nhGfiv(x) = (b - a) h4fi(x)
180
90

EQTJATION

fi

and

f2 are

dx + f2h)x

&Lb
X

890.4.

dy

= 0,

Let y = U/X. Then

any functions.
f2(u)du
uu-2(u)

fl(U>l

'

An equation of the form

(ax + by + c)dx + (fx + gy + h)dy = 0

can be made homogeneous by putting x = x + m and

y = y + n. The quantities m and n can be found by solving
the two simultaneous equations in m and n required to make
the original equation homogeneous.
This method does not
apply if
-ax + by = a constant,
l-3 + SY
but we can then solve by substituting ax + by = u and eliminating y or 2.
890.5. Exact differential
equation in which

equations.

aM
aN
-=-)
ay
ax
it is an exact differential equation.
205

If M dx -I- N dy = 0 is an

206

DIFFERENTIAL

DIFFERENTIAL

EQUATIONS

Integrate f M dx, regarding y as a constant and adding an

unknown function of y, say f(y); differentiate the result with
respect to y and equate the new result to N; from the resulting
equation determine the unknown function of y. The solution
is then

[See Ref. 32, A Course in Mathematics,

vol. 2, ed. of 1909, p. 270.1

by F. 5. Woods and F. H. Bailey,

891.1. Linear equations of the first order. A differential equation is linear when it, has only the first power of the function
and of its derivatives. The linear equation of the first order
is of the form
or dy+Pydx=Qdx,

&PY=Q

where P and Q are independent of y but may involve x.

Insert J p dZas an integrating factor. The solution is
y = (y-f-

891.2. Bernoullis equation.

efpdzQ dx + c .

dx

where P and Q do not involve y, it can be made linear by

substituting l/y-l = u. Divide the equation by y* before
making the substitution.
892. Equations of the fist order but not of the first degree.
Let
dy
-=
dx
p.
If possible, solve the resuking equation for p. The equations
given by putting p equal to the values so found may often be
integrated, thus furnishing solutions of the given equation.
893.1. Equations of the second order, not containing J directly.
Let dy/dx = p. The equation will become one of the first
order in p and x. It may be possible to solve this by one of
the methods of the preceding paragraphs.

Then

d2y dp dy

&Z=qz=P&-j

dp

The resulting equation is of the first order in p and y and it

may be possible to solve it by one of the methods of the preceding paragraphs.
894. To solve

d2y
&2+A$ + By = 0,
where A and B are constants, find the roots of the auxiliary
equation p2 + Ap + B = 0. If the roots are real and unequal
quantities a and b, the solution is y = he + kebz, where h
and k are constants.
If the roots are complex quantities m + in and m - in,
Y = e(h cos nx + k sin nx).
If the roots are equal and are a, a,

If the equation is of the form

2 + Py = QY,

207

893.2. Equations of the second order, not containing x directly.

Let
d?I
IJI

M dx + f(y) + c = 0.

s
If more convenient, interchange M and N and also x and y in
the above rule.

EQUATIONS

y = ea(hx -I- k).

895. Equations of the nth order of the form

where A, B, * * a, K are constants. This is a linear differential

equation.
For each distinct real root a of the auxiliary equation
p + Ap-l

+ BP-~ + . . . + K = 0,

there is a term hea in the solution. The terms of the solution

are to be added together.
When a occurs twice among the n roots of the auxiliary
equation, the corresponding term is e(hx + k).
When a occurs three times, the corresponding term is
e(hx2 + kx + E),

and so forth.

DIFFERENTIAL

208

EQUATIONS

When there is a pair of imaginary

there is a term in the solution
e(h

roots m + in and m - in,

co8 nx + k sin nz).

When the same pair occurs twice, the corresponding

in the solution is

term

em{ (hx + k) cos nx + (sx + t) sin 72x1

and so forth.
896. Linear differential

equations with constant coefficients.

--a + Ky = X

~+A~+BS+

where X may involve x.

First solve the equation obtained by putting X = 0, as in
894 or 895. Add to this solution a particular integral which
satisfies the original equation and which need not contain
constants of integration since n such constants have already
been put in the solution.

897. The homogeneous linear equation of the second order,

x2 2

+ Ax 2 + By = f(x)

becomes a linear equation with constant coefficients

$$+ (A -

1) 2 + By = f(e*)

by substituting

x = e.
[See Elements of the Infinitesimal
Ref. 8, Chaps.

44-45,

Calculus, by G. H. Chandler.
or other textbooks.]

898. Linear partial differential equation of the fbst order,

To solve this, first solve the equations

ax
-=A=-

CllJ

a2

Q R
and place the solution in the form u = cl, v = cz. Then
P

where cpis an arbitrary

4% u> = 0,
function, is the solution required.
[Ref. 11, p. 292.1

APPENDIX
A. Tables of Numerical Values
B. References

TABLE

- 23
&O

6
+t3
3
T-

020

1.000
1.000

040
.030

3::.

050
060
070
080
,090

1.001
1.002
:*:Et
1:004

,100

1.005

,105

1.005

,110
,115
,120

El:;
1:007

.125

.130
,135
.140
.145
.150
,155
::::
.170

1.008

1.008
1.009
1.010
1.010
1.011
1.012
1.013
1.014
1.014

zro

--

200
,205
,210
,215
,220

,300
,302
.304
:*Ei
,306
11019 .308
.310
1.020
1.021
.312
1.022
.314
.316
1.023
.318
1.024

,225
.230
.235
.240
.245

1.025
1.026
1.027
1.028
1.030

175
180
185

190
195

.250
.255
.260
.265
.270
.275
,280
.285
.2Qo

.295

1.015
1.016

:%
.324
.326
.328
.330
1.031
1.032
.332
1.033
.334
.336
.338
:%i
.
.340
1.037
.342
1.03s
1.040 .344
1.041 .346
1.043 .348

3
+a
E
>

-:E
.354

1.044
1.045
1.045
1.046 .356
1.046 .358
1.047 :%
1.048
1.048 .364
1.049 .366
1.049 .368
1.050 .370
1.051 ,372
1.051 .374
1.052 .376
1.052 ,378
1.053 .380
1.054
.384
1.054 .382
1.055 .386
1.056 .388
.390
.392
2%
1:058 -394
1.058 .396
1.059 .398

TABLE

1000-d (a2 + baYa

-+

.1.059
1.060
1.061
1.061
1.062

400
402
404
406
408

1.063

,410
,412
11-0066:: ,414
,416
1:065
,418
1.066
.420
A22
.424
,426
.428
1.070
.430
.432
.434
.436
.438

:'%
1:073
1.073

1.073
1.074
1.075
1.076
1.076

:EX
.444
.446
2448

1000 (continue&-~

-ri
.o

:EX
:-::t
.604
1:168
.606
.608

.610
.612
.614

1.169

1.170

1.171

:66::

1.172
1.173
1.175
1.176

.620
.622
.624
.626
.628

1.177
1.178
1.178
1.180
1.181

:E

a
-r

.650

1.193

:E
.660

1.194
1.195
1.196
1.197
1.198

:EZ

1.199
1.200

:BG:sG

1.203
1.201

.670

1.204

:%
.676
,678

1.205
1.206
1.207
1.208

.656
.65S

:%

1.222
1.221

:22
.708

:*z
1:225

.710
.712
.714

1.226
1.228
1.229
1.231
1.230

:E
:%
.724
.726
.728

1.183
1.182

:i%

1.185
1.134

:%
.686
.684

:%
p;

,638

1.186

.688

1:214

,640
,642
:Ei

1.187
1.188
1.191
1.189

.690
3.392

1.215
1.216

1.192

.694
.696
.698

,648

u
2

d(ai- b*)

:%
1:220

,734

.744
.746
.748

g + ... [P

2
-- ro

:'E
1:235
1.236
1.237

1.238
1.239

6
+0
%
--?

,460
.462
.464
1.083I ,466
1.034L .468
,470
1.086
l.O?e .472
.474
1.08L
.476
1.085
.478
1.08s
.480
.482
EEz
1:082

1:09i

1.091 .484
.486
1.09: .488
.490
1.09: .492
1.094 .4!34
1.09! .496
1.09t .498

:%
.764

1.256
1.257
1.268

:%
.814

:Ei

::;i:

.818

:%

1.263
1.262

.820
.822

1.294

:;;t!t

1.266
1.265

.778

1.267

:F%
.828

:Zi

1.268
:z
1:272
1.273

1.244
1.245
1.246
1.248

.7YO
,792
,794
:E

1.274
1.276
1.277
1.279
1.278

< a].

s
+a
-a
-P

.800
.802
.804
:%

:%
,788

1.097
,500
1.097 ,502
1.09E
:E%i
.508
E.
1.101
1.10:
1.10: .514
1.10: .516
1.104 .518
520
l.lOf
1.1ot .522
1.10; .524
1.105 .526.
1.101 ,528
1.10s .530
.532
l.ll(

:E

:$
:+
.538
1x
l.llz
340
1.11, .542
1.111 544
1.111 .546
1.11' .548

.550
.552
554
.556
.558

1.141

1.123
1.123
1.124
1.125
1.126

.560
.562
.564
.566
.568

:-:z
1:14a

.570
672
-574
.576
.578

1.151
1.152
1.153
1.154

1.127
1.128

1.129

1.130

1.131

1.281
1.282
1.283
1.286
1.284

1.134
1.135
1.136

1.288
1.287

1.289,
1.291
1.292
1.293

1.312
1.314
1.315
1.316
1.318

.860
.862
.864
.866
.868

1.320
1.322
1.323
1.324

1.319

:*i;::
1:328

1.297
1.296
1.298

:E
.874
.876
.878

1.331

.830
.833
.834
.836
.838

1.300
1.301
1.302
1.303
1.305

A80
.882
.884
.886
.888

1.332
1.333
1.335
1.336
1.337

.840
.a2
.844
.846
.a48

1.306
1.307

:"si

1.340
1.339

1.310
1.311

,894
.896
.8Q8

1.341
1.343
1.344

1.309

1.329

.590

1.136
1.137
1.138
1.139
1.140

.5Q2
.594

.596
.598

11.11443
1:144
1.145

1.149

1.150

1.155
1.158
1.157
I.158

1.159

1.16C
1.161
1.162

1.163
1.164
1.16:

6
+Ef
-a
r

.850
.852
.854
.856
.858

.580
.582
.584
.586
.588

1.132
1.133

-_ 22

u
2

6
+*
3
r

:*::i
i120
1.121
1.122

(a + P)/a

1.250
1.251
1.252
1.254
1.255

.816

,,456
,458

%:

.750
.752
.754
.756
.758

1.240
1.242
1.243

1.249

e
2

450
,452
,,454

%L
Lo79
1.079
1.080/

Si
+a
9
>

u
2

--

6
+a
3
r

,900

-.950

.902
.904

I..345
1.347
1.348

.B54

.908
.906

:%.

:i%

.952

1.379
:%:
;:;X3&

.910

.912
.914
.916
.918
.B20
.022
.B24
.926
.928

1.392

1.353 :Ei
1.355 2%
1.356
1.357 .968
1.359
,970
.972
:%i
:%
;:;W&
.

:~~~

1.367
1.366

2%
.938

1.368
1.370
1.371

:2:

1.374
1.372

:E
.948

1.377
1.375
1.378

:-I::

1.390
1:389
1.392
1.393
1.395
1.397
1.396

,978
,980

1.399
1.400

,982
:%t!
,988
990

:%
1:404
1.406
1.407

:%Z
,996
,998
1:,000

:*t:z
1:411
1.413
1.414

__
The approximation 4 (a + be) = a + & is correct within l/1000 when b/u < 0.3.

TABLE
lOlO-TRIGONOMETRIC
[Chsrwteristics ofLogarithms omitted-determineby
ADlAP

2%
a058

.oiw
.0116
.0145
.0175
.02Q4
.0233
.0202
AXa91
.0320
.0.x9
.0X8
.0407
.0436
:E
.0524
.on53
.0582
.OFll
.06AO
.0669
.0698
.0727
.0756
.0785
.0814
.0844
.0873
.0902
a931
:E2
.1018
.1047
.1076
.1105
S134
.1164
.1193
A222
.1251
.lBO
.1309
.X338
.1367
.13%
.1425
A454
.1484
.1513
.1542
.1571

-- I

k%EEE,

0000
ii
2

50
1000
%
30

ii
9000'
10
20
2
50
30 00
10
E
G
4000'
2
it
50
PO0
10
ii
2
6000'
z
30
40
50
7000'
10
z
ii
WOO
ii
ii
50
90 00'

FUNCTIONS
the ususlrule from the value]

-I 1.0000 .oocNl
.onno -.nmo .W!9 .4637 .0029 A637 343.77 .5363 1.0000 .m
a058 .7648 AM58 .7648 171.89 .2352
40 1.5650
:%
.cnx7 9408 .0087 3409 114.59 .0591 ::E
30 1.5621
.9999
.9342
.0658
85.940
.0116 .0658 .0116
.oooo
!2Q 1.5592
.0145 A627 .0145 .1627 68.750 .8373 3999 .m
10 1.5563
.9999890 00 1.5533
.0175 .2419 .0175 2419 57.290 .7581
50 1.5504
.O%l4 .3088 .0204 .3089 49104 .6911 :E
:Z
.0233 3668 .0233 3669 42.964 .6331
40 1.5475
30 1.5446
.0?62 .4179 .0262 .4181 38.188 .5819 :E
SE91 .4637 .0291 A638 34.368 .5362 .99i6 :Z
%I 1.5417
.0320 .50501.0320 .5053 31.242 .4947 9995 3998
10 1.5388
.0349 .5428 .0349 .5431 28.6<36.4569 .9!%4 .9997
.0378 .5776 .0378 .5779 26.432 .4221 .9993 3997
a407 5097 .0407 .6101 24.542 .3899 .9992
.I436 .6397 .0437 A401 22.904 3599 3990 :E
30 1.5272
.0465 X677 .0466 .6682 21.470 .3318 9989 .9995
20 1.5243
0494 .6940 .0495 .6945 20.206 3055 2988 3995
10 1.5213
.0523 .7188 .0524 .7xX 19.081 .2806 9986 2994 87000 1.5184
.0552 .7423 .0553 .7429 18.075 .2571 .9985 .9993
&I 1.5155
.0581 .76A5 .0582 .7652 17.169 .2.348 .9983 .9993
40 1.5126
.I610 .7857 .0612 .7865 16.355 .2135 .9981 2992
30 1.5097
.I640 .a059 a641 A067 15.605 .1933 .99w) .9991
20 1.5068
10 l&l39
.x69 .8251 .0670 .8261 14.924 .1739 .9978 .9990
.0698 .a436 .0699 3446 14.301 .1554 .9976 9989 86OO 1.5010
.072'7 .8613 .0729 .8624 13.727 .1376 Ax174 2989
50 1.4981
.0756 .8783 .0758 .8795 13.197 .1205 AI971 3988
40 1.4952
.0785 .8946 .0787 .8960 13.706 .1040 .9969 9987
30 1.4923
.0814 .91Ct4 .0816 .9118 12.251 .0882 .9967 9986
20 1.4893
.0843 3256 .0346 .9272 11.826 .0728 .9964 3985
10 1.464
.0872 9403 .0875 .9420111.430 .0580 a962 .W83
0901 .9545 .ow .9563 11.059 xl437 .9959 .9982
a299 .9957 .9981
9682 a934 :97$ g.;g
.0164 .!B54 9980
.Ei
.9816 .0963
.9945 .O%!n 9966 lo:078 xl034 .9951 .9979
.@I70 JO22 SC93 9.7882 .9w7 .9948 .9977
9945 .997fi 840 00 1.4661
1045 .0192 .1051 .0216 9.5144
50 1.4632
Sk42 2975
1074 .0311 .1080 .033(i 9.2553 :ZE
40 1.4603
I103 .0426 .lllO A453 9.0098 9547 .9939 .9973
39.36
30 1.4571
.I132 .0589 .1139 .0567 8.7769 9433
20 1.4544
.I161 .0648 .1169 .0678 8.5555 .9322 .9932 :%
Sly0 .0755 I .1198 .0786 8.3450 .9214 23929 2969
10 I--~1.4515
1219 .0859 .1228 .0891 8.1443 .9109 9925 .!a8
530 \; ;.444;
I248 .0961 .1257 .0995 7.9530 .05
.9922
40 1:4428
.1276 .1060 .1287 .1096 7.7704 .8904 A918 :E
30 1.4399
.A305 .1157 .1317 .1194 7.5958 .8806 .9914 .9963
20 1.4370
.1252 .1346 .1291 7.4287 .8709 .9911 3961
:% .1345 .1376 .1385 7.2687 Ml5
10 I 1.4341
9907 .9x59
1.4312
.I392 .1436 .1405 .1478 7.1154 A522 9903 9958 BP00
50 1.4283
1421 .1525 .1435 .1569 6.9682 A431 .9899 9956
40 1.4254
1449 .1612 .1465 .1658 6.8269
.9894 .99M
30 1.42%
1478 .1697 .1495 .1745 6.6912 :%
.9890 .9952
20 1.4195
Xi07 .1781 .15i4 .1831 6.5606 .8169 .98%
10 1.4166
I536 .1863 .1554 A915 6.4346 .8085 9881 :E
.1564 .1943 1.1584 397 6.3138 .8OQ3~ .9877 9946 910 00 1.4137
-hmmss RADUN

:El

TABLE

1010 (continued)-TRIGONOMETRIC

rChsracteristic8 of Logarithms omitted-determine

.1571
.16CQ
.X29
.I658
.lti87
.1716
A745
.1774
.1804
.1833
.18li2
.1891
.192O
.x949
.1978
.2007
.2036
.2065
2094
.2123
.2153
.2182
.a211
.2240
.2269
,229s
.2x7
.2356
.23&5
2414
.2443
2473
.2502
2531
.2560
.2589
.2618
.2647

.26i8

.2:05
.27:3%
.2763
.2793
.2822
2851
2880
2909
.2938
.2967
:Ei
JO54
.3xX3
.3113
.3142

XX4 .1943
I593 .%I22
.I622 .2100
.165O .217G
.1679 .2!!51
.1708 .2324
.17% .2397
.1765 .24G8
.1794 .2538
.I822 .2606
.1851 .2674
.1x80 .2740
.19O8 .28O6
.1937 .2870
.1965 .2934
.X394 .2X97
.2022 .3058
.2O51 .3119
2079 .3179
.2108 .323X
.2136 .3296
2164 .3353
2193 3410
.2221 .3466
.2250 .3521
.2278 3575
.2.X% .X29
.2334 3682
.2363 .3734
.2391 .3786
.2419 .3837
.2447 .3887
2.476 .3937
.2x4 .3986
.2532 4035
.2560 .4OS3
.2588 .413O
2616 .4177
.x44 .4223
.2672 .4269
.2iOO .4X4
.2728 .4359
.2756 4403
.2782 AA47
.2812 .4491
.2340 .4533
.2868 .4576
.2896 4618
.2924 4659
.2952 .4700
.2!779 .4741
.3007 .4781
3X.5 .4821
.3O62 .4861
.3090 ,49OO
__--~
vd~~sI,og,,
.I

.1584
A614
x44
.1673
.1703
.1733
.1763
.1793
.1823
.1853
.1883
.1914
.1944
.1974
ZOO4
.24X%
.2O65
.2O95
.2126
.2156
.2186
.2217
.2247
.2278
.2309
.2339
.2370
.2401
.2432
A?462
.2493
.2524
.a555
.2586
2617
.2648
.2679
.2711
.2742
.2773
.2805
.2836
2867
.2x99
2931
2962
2994
3026
XI57
.3OS9
.3121
.3153
.3185
.3217
.3!249

.1997 6.3138
XI78 6.1970
.2158 6.0844
.2236 5.9758
2313 5.8708
.2389 5.7694
2463 5.6713
.2536 5.57M
.26O9 5.4845
.2680 5.39*55
.275O 5.3093
2819 5.2257
.2887 5.1446
.2953 MI658
.302O 4.9894
.XWi 4.9152
.3149 4.8430
.3212 4.7729
.3275 4.7O46
.3336 4.0382
.3397 4.5736
34.58 4.5107
3517 4.4494
.3576 4.3897
3634 4.3315
.3691 4.2747
.3748 4.2193
3304 4.1653
.3859 4.1126
.3914 4.0611
.3968 4.0108
.4021 3.9617
a74
3.91.X
.4127 3.8667
.4178 3.8208
.423O 3.7760
.4281 3.7321
.4331 3.G891
.4381 3.CA70
4430 3.6059
4479 3.5656
.4527 3.5261
.4575 13.4674
.4622 3.4495
.4669 3.4124
.4716 3.3759
.4762 3.3402
.4M)8 3.3052
.4853 3.2709
.4898 3.2371
.49X% 3.2041
.4987 3.1716
.5031 3.1397
.5075 3.1084
.5118 3.0777

Vnlue

.8OO3
.7922
.7842
.7764
.7687
.7611
.7537
.7464
.7391
.732O
.7250
.7181
.7113
.7O47
.6980
.6915
.6851
.6788
.6725
.6664
.66Q3
.6542
.G483
.64?4
.6X6
.6309
.G251
.619G
.6141
&I86
HI32
.5979
.5926
.5873
.5822
.5770
.5719
.5669
.5619
.5570
5521
.5473
.5425
.5378
.5331
.5?84
.5238
.5192
.5147
.5102
.5057
.5O13
.4969
.4925
.4882

LOPI Value
LO%,,
TANQENT
COTANGENT

214

FUNCTIONS

TABLE

by the usual rule from the value]

-.9s77
.9872
.9868
.9863

9946
2944
.9W
3940

$35;
.9848
.9843
,983s
.9833
.9$27
.9822
-9816
.9811
.9805
.9799
.9793
.9787
.9781
.9775
9769
9763
.9757
.9750
-974%
.I)537
.973O
9724
.9717
.9710
.9703
.9696
.9G89
.9681
9674
.9667
Xv659
.9652
.x44
96%
.X28
9621
9G13
.96O5
.9596
.9588
.9580
,9572
9563
9555
9546
9537
9528
.9520
9511

.3999
.
.9934
.99:x
.9929
.9927
29%
.9922
NJ19
.9917
.9914
$912
.m9
.9907
.91x)4
.99al
.9899
.9896
.9893
.98(w)
.9887
9881
:9881
Al878
.9875
.9872
.9869
.98G6
.9863
.9859
.9856
.9853
.9849
A%46
.9843
.9839
.9836
.9832
.!I828
.9825
.9821
.9817
.9814
.9810
.9806
.9802
.9798
.9794
.97!M
9786
.9782

810 00 1.4137
50

1.4108

iti
20
10

2%
1:4Ok?
1.3992

7EO$

yf?;

40

1.3555

ii
10

:%2
1:34&l

7700:

;.344;

40
30
20
10

1:3381
1x352
1.3323
1.3294
:3X6&

40
30
20
10

1:32O6
1.3177
1.3148
1.3119
i.2

4$

ikE&

76W;

75%;

20 1.2974
10 1.2945
74ow$
m3;
40
30
$j

1.2857
1.2828
y79J

73O 00
25

1.2741
y727;

30
20
10
72O 00
--

1:2654
1.2625
1.2595
1.2566

h3ImEB RADlAX

1010 (continued)-TRIGONOMETRIC

[Characteristics of Logarithms omitted -determine

laornxNs
-3142
.3171
.R2OO
.329
.3258
.3987
3316
3345
.3374
.34O3
A32
3462
.3491
.352O
.3549
3578
.36O7
336
.3665
3694
.3723
.3752
.3782
3811
2840
.:I?69
.38Q8
.31ii7
.3956
.3985
.4O14
.4043
AI72

FUNCTIONS

by the usual rule from the value]

DEGREE8

c:oTaacaNT
SINE
TANQENT
COBINZ
Value Lo!& Vnlue Lo:,, \Talne
Loglo Value Log10

lEOO
10
20
30
40
50
1WOO
10
20
30
40
50
2000
10
20
30
40
50
2100
10
20
30
40
50
22OOO
10
20
30
40
50
23OOO
10
20

2090
.311X
.3145
.3173
.32Ol
.X228
.:256
.3%3
.:P,ll
.3X38
.:%65
.3:%X
.342O
3448
3475
.?602
X29
3557
.3584
.X11
,363s
.36G5
.3692
.3719
3746
.3773
300
.3827
3354
.3881
.X)07
.3X34
.39Gl

.49iIO
.4939
.4977
.,5015
..iOBY
.509O
.X26
.5163
51!l9
::i2Ri
.,X70
.5306
.5341
.5375
.5409
.5443
.5477
.5510
.5543
.5576
.5609
.5641
.5673
.5704
.5736
.5767
.5798
.5828
.58X)
.5889
.5919
.534X
.5978

-72OO;

;.;i6;

40
30
20
10
71O00
50
40
30
20
10
70 00
50
40
xl
20
10
69OO
.50
40
30
20
10
68OOO
50
40
30
20
10
67OO
.50
40

1:25O8
1.2479
1.2.45O
1.2421
1.2392
1.2363
1.2334
1.23tJ5
1.2275
1.2246
1.2217
1.2188
1.2159
1.21.70
1.2101
1.2072
1.2O43
1.2014
1.1985
1.1956
1.1926
1.1897
1.1368
l.lS39
1.1810
1.1781
1.1752
1.1723
1.16!#
1 lG65
1:16X

30
20
10
2.24N 3514 .9X35 9607 6600
2 2286 3480 .9l24 .!I602
50
2.2113 3447 .9112 .9596
40
2.1943 3413 .9100 .95!N
30
2.1775 .3380 .99x)88 .9584
;;
2.1609 .3346 ,907.S .9579
2.1445 .3313 M63 .9573 6500
2.1283 .32YO .9O51 .95G7
g
2.1123 3248 JO038 .9561
2.O!X5 3215 .9026 .9X%
30
2.08O9 .3183 .9Ol3 .X49
20
2.0655 .3150 .WOl .9.i43
10
2.05OY .3118 .89A8 .9537 6400
2.0353 .30X6 .8975 .95,?0
50
2.02.04 .3054 .8962 .95?4
g
2.0057 3023 .H949 .9518
1.9912 .2991 .89X .9512
20
1.9768 .29GO A923 .9505
10

1.1577
l.xOG
1.1.548
1.1519
1.149O
1.1461
1.1432

.3249 .5118
.3281 ..il(il
.3314 .5203
.X146 .5443
.3:178 .52S7
3411 .53?9
344.3 .X170
.:147G .5411
3508 .,54.X
.%54541.5491
3574 5531
3607 .5371
3640 .5611
3673 .5650
.3706 .5689
.3X39 .5717
.3772 .5766
.38O5 .5804
.3839 .5842
.3872 .5879
.3%X .6917
.3X:9 .5954
.X73 .5991
.4006 .6028
.4040 .C3
.4074 AX00
.4108 .G136
.4142 .G172
.4176 .K?O8
.4210 .GX3
.4245 .679
.4?79 .6314
.4314 ,634s

3.0777
3.0475
3.0178
2.9887
2.96OO
2.0319
2.9O42
2.8770
2.8.502
2.8239
2.7980
2.7725
2.7475
2.7228
2.6985
2.6746
2.6511
2.6279
2.6051
2.5826
2.56OB
2.5386
2.5172
2.4960
2.4751
2.4545
2.4342
2.4142
2.3945
2.3750
2.%59
2.3369
2.3183

.4882
.4839
.4797
.4755
.4713
.4671
.46X
.4589
.4549
.4509
.4469
.4429
.4389
.4350
.4311
.4273
.4234
.4196
.4158
.4121
.4083
.4046
.4009
.3972
.3936
.3900
.3864
.3828
.X92
.3757
.3721
.3686
352

.9511
MO2
-9492
.<9483
.9474
.9465
.9455
9446
.9436
.9426
9417
9407
.9097
.%387
.9377
.9367
.93X
99346
.93X
.9325
.9315
.93M
.92!?3
.9283
.9272
.9261
.92.50
.9239
,922s
9216
.9205
.9194
.9182

2.2817
2.2998
2.2637

.3X3
.3617
A548

.9159 9624
.9171
9618
.9147 .%13

:%
.41Go

40 .3987
,30
.I014 &Oil7
.60X
50 .4041 6065

.4348
.4383 .6383
.6417
.M17 AA52

.4189
.4218
.4247
.427G

24OOO .4O67 HJ93

10 .40!14 .6121
20 .4120 .6149
30 .4147 .6177

4452 .64%
4487 .6520
.4X2 .fS53
.4557 .Gj87

.4305
.4334
.4363
.4392
.44?2
.44x
.4480
.4509

40
50
25O 00
10
20
30
40
50

.4173
4200
.422G
.4253
X279
.4305
.4331
.4X8

.62O5
.623
.6259
.6386
.6313
.6,34O
.6366
.6392

.451)2
A628
A663
.4699
.47X
.4i70
.4x06
.4841

5620
A654
.6687
.6720
.6752
.6785
.6817
.6830

.4538
.4rs7
.4696
4625
A654
4683

26OOO
10
20
30
40
50

.4334
.4410
.44X
.4%62
.4488
.4.X4

A418
.6444
.6470
A495
.6521
.6546

.4877
.4913
.49X
.49S6
.5O22
.5059

.6S82
.A914
.6946
4977
.7OO9
.7O4O

.4712
----

27OOO

.454O A570

.5095 .7072

val~~w&og,,

Value

1.9626

.2928

Lop, Valoe
h(I,,
TANGENT

COTANGEXT

215

9782
.9778
9774
.9770
9765
.9761
.9757
.9752
9748
.9743
9739
.9734
.9730
.9725
9721
.9716
.9711
NO6
9702
.9697
.9692
.9687
.9682
9677
.9672
.9Gfi7
.!I661
.9656
.9651
9646
.9640
.9635
.9629

.8910 9499
~Talu;,N40

;g
l.l:M~
yl&
1.1557
1.1228
1.1199
1.1170
1.1141
;.;;m;
1:1054
1.102.5

6300

1.09%
-_

D,zosms

RADIAN

TABLE
1010 (continued)-TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
[Cluwacteristicsof Logarithms omitted-determine by the usual rule from the value]
COTANQENT COSINE
lama
lhxxm
value
Log, Value Log10
.47x
21oot .4540 .6570 .5095 .707: 1.9626 .2928 .8910 .949!3 68"OO 1.099l
.474
.4566 6595 .5132 .710: 1.9486 .2897 .Wf7 949: 1
1.OYBl
.477
ii .4592 6620 .5169 .7X% 1.9347 .2866 .8884 94%3
2 1.093
.48cn
3 A617 .6644 .5206 .716! 1.9210 .2835 .8870 .9471
1.0901
.482!
41 .4643 6668 .5243 .719t 1.9074 .2804 .8857 947: f
z 1.087!
.485(
5( 4669 .6692 .5280 . 722t 1.8940 .2774 X343 .946(i
10 1.08%
.488:
28OO( .4605 6716 5317 70% 1.8807 X43 .8829 .945: 62000
.491t
l( .4720 :6740 :5354 :7ik? 1.8676 .2713 A816 ,925:t
.494!
21 .4746 .6763 .5392 .7315 1.8546 .2683 .8802 .944f,
E
.4974
.477!! .6787 .5430 .734E 1.8418 .2652 .8788 .9431)
.500:
:
.4i97 .6810 .5467 .737F 1.8291 .24i22 .8774 9435,
z
.503:
5( .4823 .6833 .5505 .740F 1.8165 2592 .8760 .942Ei
10
29" OC 4348 .6856 .5543 .7438 1.8040 .2562 .8746 9418, 61 00
:E3
.4874 .6878 .5681 .7467 1.7917 .2533 .8732 9411
.512C
iii A899 .6901 .5619 .7497 1.7796 .2503 ,871s .94&l
ii 1.0581
.514E
.49"24 .6923 .5658 .75X 1.7675 2474 .8704 .939-7
1.055'
.51-E
E .4950 .6946 .5696 .7556 1.7556 .2444 .8689 .93I)(1
2 1.05x
.5m
M .4975 .6X8 .5735 .7585 1.7437 .2415 .8675 .938.?
10 1.0501
.62%
3oooa .5000 .6990 .5774 .7614 1.7321 .2386 8660 .9375 6000 1.0472
.526.5
1c 5025 .7012 .5812 .7CA4 1.7205 2356 .8646 .9X8
1.0441
.5294
.5050 .7033 .5851 .7673 1.7096 .2327 .8631 .9361
E 1.0414
.5323
2 JO75 .7055 .5890 .7701 1.6977~.2"99 .8616 9353
1.03gF
.5352
.5100 .7076 .5930 .7730 1.6864 .2270 .8601 :9346
2 1.035:
.5381
ik 5125 .7097 .5969 .7759 1.6753 .2241 .8587 .9338
10 108"7
. i
.5411 ~1~00 ..5150 .7118 6009 .7788 1.6643 .2212 .8572 .9331 5Q"O0 1.0297
.5440
.5175 .7139 A048 .7816 1.6534 .2184 .8557 .9323
50 1.0268
.5469
ii 5200 .7160 6088 .7845 1.6426 .2158 .8X2 .9315
40 1.0239
.5498
30 5225 .7181 .6128 .7873 1.6319 .2127 .8526 .9308
1.0210
.56"7
.5250 .7201 .6168 .7W2 1.6212 2098 .8511 .9300
z
1.0181
-5556
ti .5275 .7222 .6208 .7930 1.6107 2070 98496 .9292
10 1.0152
.5585
I2000 52% .7242 .6249 .7958 1.6003 .2042 3480 .9284 58OOO' 1.0123
,5614
5324 .7262 .6289 .798ti 1.5900 .2014 .8465 .9276
1.0094
5643
f&72
5701
.57x0
5760
5789
5818
5847
5876
5005
5934
5'063
5992
E;
6080

6109
5138
6167
6196
3225
EM
m3

ii
30
40
50

;3000

5348
5373
5398
5422

.7282
.7302
.7%2
.7.X2

.63XI
.6371
.6412
.6453

A014
.8042
.8070
.8007

1.5798 .I986

A450

.9268

1.5697 .1958 .8434 .9260

1.5597 .1930 .8418 .9252

1.5497
6446 .7361 .6494 .8125 1.5399
5471 .7380 .6536 .8153 1.5301
5495 .7400 .6577 .8180 1.5"%4

.1X13 .8403 .9244

.I875 .8387 3236

.1847 A371 .9228

a::
.1820 .83.55 .9219
30 5519 .7419 .6619 .82O8 1.5108 .1792 .8339 9211

40 5544 .7438
Ed3 5568 .74b7
4000' 5592 .7476
Ml6 .7494
ai 5640 .7513
5664 .7531
2 M88 .7550
50 5712 .7568
5000' 5736 .7586
10 5760 .7604
5783 .7622
Ei 5807 .7CAO
so 5831 .7657
50 5854 .7675
6" 00' 5878 .7692

ii

10
67000'

.9977
.9948

50
40

.6661 -8235 MO13 .1765 .8323 .9203

.9832
E
.6703 .8263 1.4919 .1737 .8307 .91%
.
10 .9803
.6745 .82(w) I.4826 .1710 .82!X .9186 i6"OO'
.9774
Ai787 .8317 14733 1683 8274 9177
.9745
.6830 .8344 1:4641 :16.56 :8258 :9169
9716
E
.6873 -8371 .45RO .1629 .8241 .9X0
9687
.6916 .8398
4460 .lNl
.8225 .9151
ii
.9657
.6959 St5
.4370 .1575 .8208 .9142
10 .9628
.7OQ2 A452
.4281 .1548 .8192 .91X i5000' .9599
.7046 .8479' .4193 .1521 .8175 .9125
.9570
.7089 .8X6
.4106 .1494 .8158 .9116
i8 .9541
.7133 A533
4019 A467 .8141 .9107
.9512
.7177 .8559
.3934 A441 .8124 JO98
ii
9483
.7221 8586
.3848 .1414 .8107 .9089
10 9454
.'7265 .8613 1.3764 .1387 8090 .9+X0 i4OOO' 9425
I
I
I*
I -'EGBEE~
Ranraw
I
216

TABLE
1010 (continued)--mIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
K?haracteristicsof Loearithms omitted-determine bv the usual rule from the value1

008lNE

TANQENT COTANGENT
SIN.
lanram D~osrsa Value
Log,0 Value Log,, Value Log, Value Log,,
--.6283
A312

86OOO'

.5878 .7692

.7265 .8613

1.3764

.1387

.6341

20 5925 .7727
30 5948 .7744
.5995 .7778
.7761
50 .5972
40

.6370
22

.7355 .86+X I.%97 .1334

.7uw) 3692 1.3514 .1308
.1282
.7490
.7445 .8745
.8718 1.3351
1.3432 .1255

329
.7986
.7X9 .%I23
.99X4 53'=00'
.7536
.7581 .8797
.8771 1.3190
1.3270 .1203
2
.7@27 .8824 1.3111 .1176 .7%1 9004
.1124 .7916
.7934 .8996
8985
iz
.7720
.7673 .8&50
.8876 1.3@2
1.2954 .1150

2%

6018 .7811
.7795
37OO'
10 6041
20 3065 .7828
.6111 .7844
.7861
40
30 5088

6603
6632

88000' $157 .7893 .7813 .8928 1.2799 .1072

:64=

A516

.6661
.6wo
.6720
.6740
.6778
6807
6836
x865
A894
.6923
.6X12

50 .6134 .7877

ii
60
89000'
iii
E
50

.7860
.7W7
.79w
.8002
.7957
SO50
.7X3
.7989
2098
6316 .&JO4 .8146
.6338 .802Q .8195
.6361 .8035 .8243
X292
.6383.8050
.8342
.64x 3066
.6202
.6$25
.6248
.6271
.6293

.7243
.7272
.7301
.7330
.7359
.7389
.7418
.7447
-7476

.79

.7%1

87621
.7650

.8954
.8980
.9006
9032
.W58
3084

.8227

iz :Ei .8241
00' a91 .8255
10 .6713 .8269
'20
30
40
60

.6734
.6756
6777
.6799

.8899
.8952
MO4
JO57

3494

9519
Al544
9.570
9595
.9621
3646
.9671

1.1237

1.1171
1.1106
1.1041
1.0977
1.0913
1.0850
1.0786

.~a68 233383.3.9380
.9325 9722
9697 1.0661
1.0724
:684?2 :8365
9435 9747 1.0599
43884 .8378
3490 9'772 1.0538
.6905 .8391 .9545 9'798 1.0477
.6926 A405
9601 .9823 1.0416

20
30
40
50

.0506
.0481
A456
.0430
.0405
.0379
.0354
.0329

.!+l2!
.939
,936:
-9334
.927!
.9301
.925t
922:
.91%
.91%
.9161

.910[
.907t
.9x

.9lM
.898t

1:24!A3 :owa
1.2349 .0916
.9110 1.2276 .08W
.9136 1.2203 .0365
.9161 1.2131 .0839
.9187 1.2059 a813
9212 1.1988 .0788
.8391 .9238 1.1918 .0762 .7660 .8843 5000'
.073+7642
.7623 .W21
3821
El
.8441 .926+.1847
A491
.9289 1.1778 .0711

.9110
.9163
.8311 .9217
23324 9271
.8283
.8297

10

1.2723 JO46
1.2647 IO20
y.525 .yi9xi9

OO!l 6561 .8169 .8693 .9392 1.1504 .088

10 .6583 .8184 .8744 AI417 1.1436 .0583
20 .6604 .8198 .8796 AM43 1.1369 .0557
30 .6626 .8213 3847 9468 1.1303 .0532

X$3; 43";;
.7563
.7592

1.2876 .1098 .7898 .8975

.77ti6 .8902

.6180 .7910

ii

.6981 4O"OO' A428 A081

101.6450
!2Q
A472 .#I%/
.8111
:;'7;; 1

.7156
.711rT,
.7!!14

.8090 SO80 54OOO'

ii
A056 .!#I61
2039 9~2
30
A004
X121 9X3
942
it

10 .5901 .7710 .7310 .8639 1.3680 .1361 A073 All370

.7547
.7528
.7509
.7400
.7470
.7451
.7431
.7412
.73$x!
.7373
.7353
.7333

.8778
.8767
.8756
.8745
.8733
.8722
.8711
3699
3688
.A676
.8%5
.8653

.8%:
.893t
.8!YJl
.8872
,884:

A814
.878t
.875f

.872i
:869~

4Q"OO'1 .%52
50
:
20

10

48OOO'

a8523
&I!34
23465
:kEY
.8378
.8348

ii

.8319

ii

.82'90
a8261
a8232

10

.0278 .7294
.0X3
.7314 .8641
.8629 41'00'
.0263 .7274 3618
z
.@?28 .7254 3606
E
.0202 .7234 Xi594
SO177 .7214 A682
10

.8203
.8174
.8145

.8116
3087

SO.58

;;;;

.0126 .7193
.7173 .8557
.8,?69 46OOO' .7!%9
.8029
.6947 .8418
.8131 9713
.9657 .9848
.9874 1.0355
1.0295 .0152
44OOO'
10 .6967

7738
7767
7796
7825
7854

20
30
40
50
45000'

___~ I

.6988
.7009
.7030
.7050
.7071

3444
A457
3469
A482

.9770 .9899 1.0235 .OlOl .7153 A.545

ii
ii

.7970

.7941
.7912
.9884 9949 1.0117 .0051 .7112 A520
.7883
.0025
.7092
.8507
10
.9942 .%I75 1.0058
23495 1.O@xl .OwO l.OaOo .oOOO .7071 .%a5 45000'
.7854
I -I
.9827 3924

1.0176 .0076

217

.7133 A532

TABLE

loll-DEGREES,

MINUTES,

AND

SECONDS

Dl3gre09
O"
1
2
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
l2
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
85
26
27
28
29
SO
31
32
33
34
85
36
37
88
39
LO
41
42
43
44
L6
46
47
48
49
50
51
62
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
30

0.0000000 66'
0.0174533 61
0.0319066 62
0.0523599 (is
OLI6'98132 64
0.0872665 65
0.1047198 a
0.1221730 67
0.1396263 68
8.15707'96 69
0.1745329 70
0.1919862 71
0.2094395 7
022G8928 73
0.2443461 74
0.2617994 75
0.2792527 76
0.2967060 77
0.3141593 78
0.3316126 79
0.3493659 80
0.3665191 81
o.8839724 82
0.4014267 83
0.4188790 81
0.4363323 85
0.4537856 86
0.4712389 37
0.488692Z 88
0.5061455 89
0.5235988 90
0.541O.521 91
0.5585054 92
0.5759587 93
0.69.34119 94
0.6108662 95
0.6283185 %
0.6457718 97
0.6632251 98
O.GN6784 99
0.6981317 100
0.7155850 101
0.733O383 102
0.7504916 103
0.7679449 lo4
0.7853982 105
0.8028515 106
0.82OW47 107
0.8377580 lo8
0.3552113 109
0.8726646 110
O.S'XUl79 111
0.9375712 112
0.9250445 113
0.9424778 114
0.9599311 115
0.9773842 llti
0.9948377 117
1.0122910 118
1.0297443 119
1.0471976 120

1.O471976 120"
1.cM6508 121
1.0821041 In
1.0995574 123
1.117OlO7 124
1.1344640 125
1.1519173 126
1.16937O6 127
1.1868239 128
1.2WT-i'~Z 129
1.2217305 130
1.2391838 131
1.2566371 132
1.2740904 133
1.2915436 134
1.3089969 lS5
1.32645@2 136
1.343~go35 137
1.3613568 138
1.3788101 139
1.3962634 140
1.4137167 141
1.4311700 142
1.4486233 143
1.46XO766 144
1.4835299 145
1.5009832 146
1.51843G4 147
1.5358897 148
1.5533430 149
1.5707963 160
1.5882496 151
1.6057029 152
1.6231562 153
1.64O6O95 154
l.&F~SO628 155
1.6755161 156
1.8929692 157
1.7104227 158
1.727876O 159
1.7453293 160
1.7627825 161
1.78O2358 162
1.7!?76891 163
1.8151424 164
1.8325957 165
1.830049O l(ifi
l.SG7X23 167
1.8349556 lG8
1.9O24OSg 169
1.9198622 170
1.9373155 171
1.9547668 172
1.9722221 173
1.9896753 174
2.0071286 175
2.0245819 17ti
2.0120352 177
2.0594885 178
2.0769418 179
2.0943951 180

TO RADIANS

Minutes
2.O943951 0'
2.1113484 1
2.1293017 2
2.1467550 3
2.1642083 4
2.181(3616 5
2.1991149 G
2.2165682 7
2.2346214 8
2.2514747 9
2.268928O 10
2.2863813 11
2%X38346 12
2.3212379 13
2.3387412 14
2.3561945 16
2.3736478 16
2.3911011 17
2.4085544 18
2.42tBO77 19
2.4434610 20
2.46O9142 21
2.4733675 22
2.4958208 23
2.5132741 24
2.5307274 25
2.5481807 26
2.5656340 27
2.5870873 28
2.6005406 29
2.6179939 80
2.6354472 31
2.6529005 32
2.6703533 33
2.6878070 34
2.7052603 35
2.72!!7136 36
2.7401669 37
2.7576202 38
2.7750735 39
2.79!?5268 40
2.8og9801 41
2.8274334 42
2.8448867 43
2.m34oo
44
2.8797933 45
2.8972466 46
2.9146999 47
2.9321531 43
2.9496O64 49
2.9670597 60
2.9845130 51
3.O1I19663 52
3.0194196 63
3.036872CJ 54
3.0543262 55
3.0717795 56
3.0892328 57
3JO66861 58
3.1241394 59
3.1415927 60

O.OOOOOOO0"
0.ooo2909 1
O.ooO5818 2
0.0008727 3
0.0011636 4
O.OO14544 6
0.0017453 6
0.oo2o36
7
O.OO23.7271 8
0.0026180 9
O.OO2CO8910
O.OO31!~98 11
O.CNX3490712
0.0037815 13
O&O40724 14
0.0043633 16
O.OO46542 16
O.OO49461 17
O.CO5236O 18
0.0055269 19
O.OO58178 20
O.OO61087 21
O.OC63995 22
0.OOM904 23
O.OC69813 24
0.00727ZZ 25
0.00756 31 26
O.OO78540 27
0.0081449 28
O.OO84358 29
0.0087266 SO
O.OOW175 31
0.0093084 32
0.0095993 33
O.OO98902 34
0.0101811 35
0.0104720 .36
0.0107629 37
0.0110538 38
0.0113446 39
0.0116355 40
0.0119264 41
0.0123173 42
0.0125O82 43
0.0127991 44
0.0130900 45
0.0133809 46
O.OE36717 47
0.0139626 48
0.0142535 49
0.0145444 60
0.0148353 51
0.0151262 52
0.0154171 63
0.0157080 54
0.0159989 55
0.0162897 96
0.01658O6 57
0.0168715 58
0.0171624 59
0.0174533 60

seconds
0.0000000
O.oOoOO~
0.00000'&
0.00001~5
O.OOOOII)~
o.oooO242
O.OOo02gl
o.oooll339
O.OOOO38a
O.o9004~
O.oO00485
O.OOO@,~~
O.OOOO582
0.00006,~)
0.000067'~
o.oooo727
O.oooO776
o.oooo824
O.OOOO873
O.OOOO921
O.OOOO970
O.COOlol8
O.OOO1067
0.~111~
o.OOo11~
O.OOO1212
O.ooO1261
O.OOO13O9
O.ooO1357
O.ooO14O6
O.OCQ1454
O.OOf11603
O.OOO1551
O.ooO16OO
O.ooO1648
O.ooO1697
O.Oi~O1745
O.OOO1794
O.OOO1842
O.OOO1891
O.OOO1939
omo1988
O.C@X?O36
O.OC&?O85
O.cuIo2133
O.OlW2182
0.0002230
O.C4@2276
O.OCO2327
O.WO2376
0.0002424
O.OOO2473
OOOO2521
O:OCO2570
O.OOQ2618
o.m2666
Wm2715
o.ooo"763
o.oOO2812
o.Ocm86O
0.00~09

Tables 1010 to 1012 of Trigonometric

Functions
are from The Macmillan Mathematical
Tables, by E. R. Hedrick, Refer. 19, where there are also
tables of 5-place values for every minute of angle.

TABLE

1012-RADIANS
BADxAlc3

1.
3
3
4
6
8
7
8
0

679744
.3
114%%9 6
171wlk:P
2w1059.2
23602844.0
343%28.8
401= 413.6
453%53.4
&15%#43.3

TO DEGREES,
THHTXS

fB346 5
ll?i?7330
1711194
tYr2%.505:9
!W3352.4
34022%.9
4Q=62V.4
4ii%O11.8
61%3%3.3

HUNDEEDTEl3

MINUTES,

AND

THO IfsANDTES

OS422 6
10 3Wi:3
1%3w
9
!Pl7306
!P51%:2
3%16.9
4O 03W.6
4%01.2
60 YzY.8

SECONDS

Tmi-T%oLmmDTr

00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00

020 6
0413
rort:9
122 6
1w:1
203 8
2%?4:4
245 0
SW~f3.

In decimals,
1 radian = 180/r
1 degree = r/180

= 57.295 77951 degrees

= 0.017453 29252 radians.

Trigonometric
tables such as Tables 1015 and 1016 on the pages following
often may be used advantageously
by first converting the angles of a problem
to decimals of degrees.
In these tables, where the name of the function is given at the top of the
page, the degrees for that function are to be read from the left-hand column
and the top line.
The degrees for the function named at the bottom of the
page are to be read from the right-hand
column and the bottom line.
219

TABLE

1015-TRIGOPJJNMETRIC

----I.

01

3eg.
0.0
.l
2
.4
:i
.7
.8
.9
1.0
.l
:3
.4
1:
.7
:Z
2.0
.l
:Z
.4
:5
.7
:i
5.0
.l
:I
:64
.6
.7
:Z
4.0
.l
:i
.4
:5
.7
:9

.OO 000
175
349
524
698
873
.Ol 047
222
396
571
745
920
.02 094
269
443
618
792
967
.03 141
316
490
664
839
.04 013
188
362
536
711
885
.05 059
234
408
582
756
931
.06 105
279
453
627
802
976
07 150
324
498
672
846
08 020
194
368
542

2345678
017
192
367
541
716
890
065
239
414
588
763
937
112
286
461
635
810
984
159
333
507
682
856
031
205
379
554
728
902
077
251
425
600
774
948
122
296
471
645
819
993
167
341
515
689
863
037
211
385
559

035
209
384
559
733
908
082
257
431
606
780
955
129
304
478
653
827
002
176
350
525
699
874
048
222
397
571
746
920
094
268
443
617
791
965
140
314
488
662
836
010
185
359
533
707
881
055
229
403
576

052070
227244
401419
576593
750768
925942
100117
274292
449466
623641
798815
972990
147164
321339
496513
670687
845862
019036
193211
368385
542560
717734
891909
065083
240257
414432
589606
763780
937955
112129
286303
460478
634652
809826
---7983000
157175
331349
505523
680697
854871
028045
202219
376393
550567
724742
898916
072089
246263
420437
594611

FUNCTIONS

087
262
436
611
785
960
134
309
463
658
832
007
181
356
530
705
879
054
228
403
577
752
926
100
275
449
623
798
972
146
321
495
669
844
018
192
366
540
714
889
063
237
411
585
759
933
107
281
455
629

I-

TABLE

(10)

105122 140 157 175

279297 314 332 349
454471 489 506 524
628646 663 681 698
803820 -838 -855 -873
977995 012 030 047
152169 187 204 222
326344 361 379 396
501518 536 553 571
675693 710 728 745
850867 --885 902 920
024042 059 077 094
199216 234 251 269
373391 408 426 443
548565 583 600 618
722740 757 775 792
897914 --932 949 967
071089 106 124 141
246263 281 298 316
420438 455 473 490
595612 629 647 664
769786 804 821 839
943961 978 996 013
118135 153 170 188
292310 327 345 362
467484 501 519 536
641658 676 693 711
815833
---- 850 868 _885
990007 024 042 059
164181 199 216 234
338356 373 390 408
512530 547 565 582
687704 722 739 756
861878 --896 913 931
035053 070 087 105
209227 244 262 279
384401 418 436 453
558575 593 610 627
732749 767 784 802
906923 941 958 976
080098 115 132 150
254272 289 306 324
428446 463 480 498
602620 637 655 672
776794 811 -829 846
950968 985 002 020
124142 159 176 194
298316 333 350 368
472490 507 524 542
646663 681 698 716

:s

.7
.6
.5

0 11
2
314
5
6 I 7
8
9 I- (10)
-_
I
I
if@
/
5.0
.08 716 733 750 768785 803 820837
---- 855 872 889
.1

.09
:Z
.4

:5
.2

:5
.7

94
.9
.8

.lO
:Z
6.0
.l

:8
.5
.4
.3
.2

:Z
.4

:i
.5

:i
7.0
.l
Diff.

:F
.6
.5

.13
:i
.7
::
3.0
.I

:!:
.6
.5

.14

:Z
.4

:i
.2
6::
.9

.12

13
.4

:i 17-11
.2
7::
.9

.ll

:5
.7

8:;
.9
.8

:i
.7

.15

::
J.0
.l
:Z
.4

:5
.2
.l

.16

876543210
cos
220

889 907 924 942959

063 081 098 115133
237 254 272 289307
411 428 446 463480
585 602 619 637654
758 776 793 810828
-932 949 967 984001
106 123 140 158175
279 297 314 331349
453 470 488 505522
626 644 661 678696
800 817 -----L--835 852869
973 991 008 025043
147 164 182 199216
320 338 355 372390
494 511 528 546563
667 684 702 719736
840 858 875 892910
014 031 048 066083
187 204 222 239256
360 377 395 412429
533 551 568 585603
706 724 741 758776
880 897 914 931949
053 070 087 105122
226 243 260 278295
399 416 433 451468
572 589 606 623641
744 762 779 796814
917 935 952 969986
090 107 125 142159
263 280 297 315332
436 453 470 487505
608 1626 643 6601677
781 798 815 833850
954 971 988 005023
126 143 161 178195
299 316 333 350368
471 488 506 523540
643 1661 678 6951712
816 833 850 868885
988 005 023 040057
160 ~--+-+--/178 195 212229

976
150
324
498
671
845
019
192
366
540
713
887
060
234
407
580
754
927
100
274
447
620
793
966
139
312
485
658
831
004
177
349
522
695
867
040
212
385
557
730
902
074
246

994011
168185
341359
515532
689706
863880
--i036054
210227
383401
557574
731748
904921
078095
251268
424442
598615
771788
944962
118135
291308
464481
637655
810828
---983001
156174
329347
502520
675693
848865
021038
194211
367384
539557
7121729
885902
057074
230247
402419
574592
7471764
919936
091109
264281

028
202
376
550
724
897
071
245
418
592
765
939
112
286
459
632
806
979
152
326
499
672
845
018
191
364
537
710
883
-056
228
401
574
746
919
--092
264
437
609
781
954
126
298

046
220
393
567
741
915
088
262
435
609
783
956
130
303
476
650
823
996
170
343
516
689
862
035
208
381
554
727
900
073
246
4i8
591
7641
936
109
281
454
626
7991
971
143
315

063
237
411
585
758
932
106
279
453
626
800
973
147
320
494
667
840
014
187
360
533
706
880
053
226
399
572
744
917
090
263
436
608
781
954
126
299
471
643
816
988
160
333

::
.7

.9
:;
.6
.5
:i
.2
.l
i.0
.9
.8
:67
.5
:i
.2
dl
.9
:;
.6
.5

.17 021 038 055 073090

193 210 227 244262

.-

(10)

107 124141
279 296313
5

cos
221

159 176 193

330 348 365
2

Diff.

:i 17-11
.2
.l
!.O
.9
:87
.6
.5
:.ti
.2
::,
.9
:;
.6
.5
:l
.2

:i
(10)

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN

I:,
:g.

TABLE

1015 (continued)-TIX&ONOMETRIC
0

deg.
1o.c
.I
2
:3
.4
.E
:;
::
11.0
.l
:i
.4
:i
.7
::
12.0
.l
:fi
.4

.17 365
537
708
880
.18 052
224
395
567
738
910
.19 081
252
423
595
766
937
.20 108
279
450
620
791
962
.21 132
303
474

12
382
554
726
897
069
241
412
584
755
927
098
269
441
612
783
954
125
296
467
637
808
979
150
320
491

34
399
571
743
915
086
258
429
601
772
944
115
286
458
629
800
971
142
313
484
655
825
996
167
337
508

416434
588605
760777
932949
103121
275292
447464
618635
790807
961978
132149
304321
475492
646663
817834
988 005
159176
330347
501518
672689
842859
013030
184201
354371
525542

451
623
794
966
138
309
481
652
824
995
167
338
509
680
851
022
193
364
535
706
877
047
218
388
559

FUNCTIONS

67

468485
640657
812829
983000
155172
327344
498515
670687
8411858
0121029
184201
355372
526543
697714
868885
039056
210227
381398
552569
723740
894911
064081
235252
405422
576593

502
674
846
018
189
361
532
704
875
047
218
389
560
732
903
on
245
415
586
757
928
098
269
439
610

9
519
691
863
035
206
378
550
721
892
064
235
406
577
749
920
-091
262
433
603
774
945
115
286
456
627

(10)
537
708
880
052
224
395
567
738
910
081
252
423
595
766
937
108
279
450
620
791
962
132
303
474
644

:Z
.4
:i
.7
:i
14.0
.I
:Z
.4
:X
.7
::

deg.
15.c
.I
.i
.E
.4
.E
.f
.7
.E
.s
16.a
.l

.7
.6
.5
:i
.2
9:;
.9
.8
:i
.5

1:
.4

:3
.2
8::
.9
.8
:;
.5

325
495
665
835
.23 005
175
345
514
684
853
.24 023
192
362
531
700
869
.25 038
207
376
545
713
(10)

342
512
682
852
022
192
362
531
701
870
040
209
378
548
717
886
055
224
393
561
730

359
529
699
869
039
209
378
548
718
887
057
226
395
565
734
903
072
241
410
578
747

376393
546563
716733
886903
056073
226243
395412
565582
735752
904921
074091
243260
412429
581598
751768
920937
089106
258274
426443
595612
764781
7

410
580
750
920
090
260
429
599
769
938
108
277
446
615
784
954
122
291
460
629
798
5
cos
222

427444
597614
767784
937954
107124
277294
446463
616633
786802
955972
124141
294311
463480
632649
801818
970987
139156
308325
477494
646663
814831
4

461
631
801
971
141
311
480
650
819
989
158
328
497
666
835
004
173
342
511
680
848

478
648
818
988
158
328
497
667
836
-006
175
345
514
683
852
021
190
359
528
696
865

495
665
835
005
175
345
514
684
853
023
192
362
531
700
869
038
207
376
545
713
882

7::
.9
.8
:i
.5
:3
.2
6::
.9
.8
:W
.5
.4
.3
.2
5::
!ep.
--

.25
.26

.27

.28

:I
.7

Diff.

:i 16-H
.2

1:
.7
:::
13.0
.l

TABLE

:i
17.0
.l
.2
.3
.4

.29

.30
:i
.7
:i
18.0
.l

.31

:Z
.4
2
.7

.32

:Z
19.0
.l
:i
.4

.33

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF
OF DEGREES
SIN
0
1
2
34
5
67
8
---_
882 899 916 932949 966 983000 017
050 067 084 101118 135 152168 185
219 236 253 269286 303 320337 354
387 404 421 438455 471 488505 522
556 572 589 606623 640 657673 690
724 741 757 774791 808 825842
--858
892 909 926 942959 976 993010 026
060 077 094 110127 144 161178 194
228 245 262 278295 312 329346 362
396 413 429 446463 480 497513 530
564 581 597 614631 648 664681 698
731 748 765 782799 815 832849 --866
899 916 933 949966 983 000016 033
067 083 100 117134 150 167184 201
234 251 268 284301 318 335351 368
402 418 435 452468 485 502519 535
569 586 602 619636 652 669686 703
736 753 769 786803 820 ----836853 870
903 920 937 953970 987 003020 037
070 087 104 120137 154 170187 204
237 254 271 287304 321 337354 371
404 421 437 454471 487 504521 537
571 587 604 621637 654 671687 704
737 754 771 787804 821 -837854 -871
904 921 937 954971 987 004021 037
071 087 104 121137 154 170187 204
237 254 270 287304 320 337353 370
403 420 437 453470 486 503520 536
570 586 603 619636 653 669686 702
736 752 769 785802 819 835852 868
902 918 935 951968 985 001018 034
068 084 101 117134 151 167184 200
233 250 267 283300 316 333350 366
399 416 432 449466 482 499515 532
565 581 598 615631 648 664681 697
730 747 764 780797 813 830846
--- 863
896 912 929 946962 979 995012 028
061 078 094 111127 144 160177 194
227 243 260 276293 309 326342 359
392 408 425 441458 474 491507 524
557 573 590 606623 639 656672 689
722 738 755 771788 804 821837 854
887 903 920 936953 969 986002 018
051 I068 084 101117
I
134 150167
l---l- 183

HUNDREDTHS

(IO)

034
202
370
539
707
-875
043
211
379
547
715
882
050
217
385
552
719
886
054
220
387
554
721
887
-054
220
387
553
719
885
051
217
383
548
714
879
045
210
375
540
705
870
035
200

050
219
387
556
724
892
060
228
396
564
731
899
067
234
402
569
736
903
070
237
404
571
737
-904
071
237
403
570
736
902
068
233
399
565
730
-896
061
227
392
557
722
887
051
216

.9
.8
:i
.5
:i
.2
.l
7 4.0
.9
.8
2
.5
:5
.2
7 3::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

:i 16-1
.2
72:;
.9
:!:
.6
.5
:t
.2
.l
7 1.0
.9
.8
:i
.5
:i
.2

:fZl
.7

7(1:;
d eg.

::
(lo,1

71 6

5
cos
223

41 3

110

Diff

TABLE

Leg.
0.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
2
.7
:t
11.0
.I
:i
.4
:i
.7
:;
!2.0
.l
::
.4
:W
.7
::
23.0
.l
:3
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
24.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
.5
:;
.8
.9

1015 (continued)-TRIGONOMETRIC
SIN
0 11
2
314
5
617

.34 202
366
-..
530
694
857
.35 021
184
347
511
674
837
-36 000
162
325
488
650
812
975
.37 137
299
461
622
784
946
.38 107
268
430
591
752
912
.39 073
234
394
555
715
875
.40 035
195
355
514
674
833
992
.41 151
310
469
628
787
945
.42 104
--

(10)

218
382
546
710
874
037
201
364
527

235 251268 284 300317

399 415432 448 464481
563 579 595 612 628 644
726 743 759 775 792 808
890 906 923 939 955 972
053 070 086 102 119 135
217 233 250 266 282 298
380 396 413 429 445 462
543 560 576 592 609 625
706 723 739 755 772 788
853 869 886902 918 935951
016 032 049065 081 097114
179 195 211228 244 260276
341 358 374390 406 423439
504 520 536553 569 585601
666 683 699715 731 748764
829 845 861877 894 910926
991 007 023040 056 072088
153 169 185202 218 234250
315 331 347364 380 396412
477 493 509525 542 558574
639 655 671687 703 719736
800 816 833849 865 881897
962 978 994010 026 042059
I
188 204220
I
I 123 139 155172
284 301 317333 349 365381
446 462 478494 510 526542
607 623 639655 671 687703
768 784 800816 832 ---848864
928 945 961977 993 009025
089 105 121137 153 169186
250 266 282298 314 330346
410 426 442458 474 490506
571 587 603619 635 651667
731 747 763779 795 811827
891 907 923939 955 971987
051 067 083099 115 131147
211 227 243259 275 291307
370 386 402418 434 450466
530 546 562578 594 610626
690 706 721737 753 769785
849 865 881897 913 929945
008 024 mo58
072 088104
167 183 199215 231 247263
326 342 358374 390 406422
485 501 517533 549 565580
644 660 676692 707 723739
803 818 834850 866 882898
961 977 993 i%% 024 o40056
119 135 151167 183 199214
9

7 I 6

cos
224

4 I 3

TABLE

FUNCTIONS
8
333
497
661
824
988
151
315
478
641
804
967
130
293
455
618
780
942
--104
266
428
590
752
913
075
236
397
558
719
880
041
202
362
522
683
843
--003
163
323
482
642
801
960
ii%
279
438
596
755
914
--072
230
2

9lm
350 366
513 530
694
857
021
184
347
511
674
837
983 000
146 162
309 325
471 488
634 650
796 812
958 975
121 137
283 299
444 461
606 622
768 784
929 946
091 107
252 I 268
413 430
575 591
735 752
896 912
057 073
218 234
378 394
539 555
699 715
859 875
019 035
179 195
339 355
498 514
658 674
817 833
976 -992
-136 151
295 310
453 469
612 628
771 787
929 945
088 104
246 262
lb

I-

deg.
15.0
.l

.7
.6
.5

:Z
.4

:34
.2
.l
6!3.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

:i
.7
:i
Z6.0
.l
1:
.4

::
.2

:i
.Q
17.0
:;
.3
.4

Di

:5 15.2
6 7::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

:x

278
436
594
752
909
067
224
382
539
696
853
010

293
452
610
767
925
083
240
397
555
712
868
@i%

309325
467483
625641
783799
941957
098114
256272
413429
570586
727743
884900
041057

341
499
657
815
972
130
287
445
602
759
916
072

357373
515531
673688
830846
---988004
146161
303319
460476
617633
774790
931947
088104

388
546
704
862
020
177
334
492
649
806
963
--119

404
562
720
878
035
193
350
507
664
821
978
135

420
.9
578
736
::
894
.6
051
.5
209
366
:f
523
.2
680
837 64:;
994
.Q
151
.8

.44 307
151 323
166 338
182 354370
198213

229 245260
385
401417

276
432 448
291 I 464
307 I

:Z

.45 088
243 259
103 275
119 290306
134150
399 415 430 446461
554 570 586 601617

321
166 337352
181197
477 492508
632 648663

212
368 383
228 i 399
243
523 539 554
679 694 710

.Q
.8

710
865
.46 020
175
330
484

787
942
097
252
407
561

803818
958973
113128
268283
422438
577592

834
989
144
299
453
608

194209
347363
501516
655670
808823
961976
114129
267282
420435
573588
725740
877893
030045
182197
333349
485500
637652

62::
.Q
224 240 255
.8
378 393 409
.7
532 547 562
.6
685 701 716
.5
839 854 869
992 007 022
:i
145 160 175
.2
298 313
450 466
61::
603 618 634 .9
755 771 786
.8
908 923 938
060 075 090
212 227 242
.5
364 379 394
516 531 546
:i
667 682 697
.2

725
880
035
190
345
500

741
896
051
206
361
515

756772
911927
066082
221237
376391
531546

:;:
.Q
28.0
:::
.3
:t
.6

:5
.2
6 6:;
.Q
.8

:i
.9
9.0
.l

:;
.5

:i
.4

:5
.2

1:
.7
.8
.Q

6;5::
_-dleg.
-

.42 262
420
578
736
894
.43 051
209
366
523
680
837
994

::

618::
.9
.8
2
.5

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN
0 11
2
3 (4
5
6 17
8
I[

.47 101
255
409
562
716
869
.48 022
175
328
481
634
786
938
.49 090
242
394
546

117
270
424
578
731
885
038
191
344
496
649
801
953
106
258
409
561

132
286
440
593
747
900
053
206
359
511
664
816
969
121
273
425
576

147163
301317
455470
608624
762777
915930
068084
221237
374389
527542
679695
832847
984999
136151
288303
440455
591606

%/g 697
849 713
864 728
879
8 743758
894909
716

178
332
486
639
793
946
099
252
405
557
710
862
014
166
318
470
622

849
004
159
314
469
623

885
020
175
330
484
639

773
924
5 788803
940955
41 3 819
970
2 834
985
liTideg849
000

cos
22.5

i63::

:i
.5

Diff

: f 15-1
.2

:T

SO:;

TABLE

1015 (continued)-TItt~ONOMETRIC
0

deg.
3o.c
.I
1:
.4
::
.7
::
31.0
.l
:i
:t
:3
:t
32.0
.l
::
.4
:W
1;:
.9
33.0
.l
:Z
.4
::
.7
::
34.0
.l
:3
.4
:i
.7
:i

.50 000
151
302
453
603
754
904
.51 054
204
354
504
653
803
952
.52 101
250
399
547
696
844
992
.53 140
288
435
583
730
877
.54 024
171
317
464
610
756
902
.55 048
194
339
484
630
775
919
.56 064
208
353
497
641
784
928
.57 071
215
(10)

015 030
166 181
317 332
468 483
618 633
769 784
919 934
069 084
219 234
369 384
519 534
668 683
818 833
967 982
116 131
265 280
413 428
562 577
710 725
859 873
------007 022
155 169
302 317
450 465
597 612
745 759
892 906
039 053
185 200
332 347
479 493
I625 639
771 786
917 931
063 077
208 223
354 368
499 513
644 659
789 803
934 948
078 093
223 237
367 381
511 525
655 669
799 813
942 957
086 100
229 243
9

34

045060
196211
347362
498513
649664
799814
949964
099114
249264
399414
549564
698713
847862
997012
146161
294309
443458
592607
740755
888903
036051
184199
332347
479494
627642
774789
821936
068083
215229
361376
508522
654669
I
800815
946961
092106
237252
383397
528543
673688
818832
963977
107122
252266
396410
540554
684698
827842
971985
114129
258272
7

076
227
377
528
679
829
979
129
279
429
579
728
877
026
175
324
473
621
770
918
066
214
361
509
656
804
951
097
244
391
537
683
829
975
121
266
412
557
702
847
992
136
280
425
569
713
856
000
143
286
5
CO9
226

67
091106
242257
392408
543558
694709
844859
---_
994009
144159
294309
444459
594608
743758
892907
041056
190205
339354
488503
636651
785799
933948
081095
229243
376391
524538
671686
818833
965980
112127
259273
405420
552566
698713
l---l844859
990004
135150
281296
426441
572586
717731
861876
----006021
151165
295309
439453
583597
727741
871885
014028
157172
300315
4

TABLE

FUNCTIONS

121
272
423
573
724
874
024
174
324
474
623
773
922
-071
220
369
517
666
814
962
--110
258
406
553
701
848
995
141
288
435
581
727
873
019
165
310
455
601
746
890
035
179
324
468
612
756
899
043
186
329

136
287
438
588
739
889
039
189
339
489
638
788
937
086
235
384
532
681
829
977
125
273
420
568
715
862
009
156
303
449
596
742
888
034
179
325
470
615
760
905
049
194
338
482
626
770
914
057
200
343

(10) I-_
151
302
453
603
754
904
054
204
354
504
653
803
-952
101
250
399
547
696
844
992
140
288
435
583
730
877
024
171
317
464
610
756
902
048
194
339
484
630
775
919
064
208
353
497
641
784
928
071
215
358

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN
0

.9

:;
.6
.5

deg.
35.a
.l
:Z
.4

:t
.2
.l
519.0
.9

:i
:B
.9
$6.0
.l

:9
:8

:i
.4

:i
.2

2
:X
.9
17.0
.l

5 8:;
.9
.8
:i
.5

Diff

:i 14-1
.2
5 7::
.9
.8
:3
.5
:f
.2
5 6::
.9
.8
1:
.5
::
.2

:I
.4
.5
:;
:t
18.0
.l
.2
.3
1:
:;
::
;9. 0
.l
::
:s
:t

5,5::
.- cleg.

.57 358
501
643
786
928
.58 070
212
354
496
637
779
920
.59 061
201
342
482
622
763
902
.60 042
182
321
460
599
738
876
.61 015
153
291
429
566
704
841
978
.62 115
251
388
524
660
796
932
.63 068
203
338
473
608
742
877
(I/)iiY
.64 011
145

11
I
372
515
657
800
942
085
226
368
510
651
793
934
075
215
356
496
636
777
916
056
195
335
474
613
751
890
028
167
304
442
580
717
855
992
I 128
265
402
538
674
810
I946
081
216
352
487
621
756
890
024
158

314
5
617
I
I
386 401415 429 443458
529 543558 572 586600
762 686700 715 729743
814 828843 857 ----_
871885
957 971985 999 013028
099 113127 141 156170
241 255269 283 297312
382 397411 425 439453
524 538552 567 581595
666 680694 708 722736
807 821835 849 ----863877
948 962976 990 004018
089 103117 131 145159
229 244258 272 286300
370 384398 412 426440
510 524538 552 566580
651 665679 693 707721
790 804818 832 846860
---930 944958 972 986000
070 084098 112 126140
209 223237 251 265279
349 363376 390 404418
488 502516 529 543557
627 640654 668 682696
765 779793 807 821835
904 918932 945 959973
042 050070 084 097111
180 194208 222 236249
318 332346 360 373387
456 470484 497 511525
594 607621 635 649662
731 745759 772 786800
868 882896 909 923937
--------005 019033 046 060074
142 156169
I
183 197210
I
279 292306 320 333347
415 429443 456 470483
552 565579 592 606620
688 701715 728 742756
823 837851 864 878891
959 973986
1
@% 013027
1
095 108122 135 149162
230 243257 271 284298
365 379392 406 419433
500 514527 540 554567
635 648662 675 689702
769 783796 810 823836
904 917930 944 957971
038
172
8 051065
185199
716
212
078
5 091105
225239
413

:i

0 -

cos
227

8
472
615
757
900
042
184
326
467
609
750
891
032
173
314
454
594
735
874
014
154
293
432
571
710
848
987
125
263
401
539
676
813
951
087
224
361
497
633
769
905
--I040
176
311
446
581
715
850
984
252
118
2

9 1 (10)
I
486 501
629 643
772 786
914 -928
056 070
198 212
340 354
482 496
623 637
764 779
906 920
046 061
187 201
328 342
468 482
608 622
749 763
888 902
028 042
168 182
307 321
446 460
585 599
724 738
862 876
-001 015
139 153
277 291
415 429
552 566
690 704
827 841
964 978
101 115
238 I 251
374 388
511 524
647 660
783 796
918 932
054 068
189 203
325 338
460 473
594 608
729 742
863 877
998 011
265
132
117. 279
145

.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
::
.2
4:;
.9
.8
:I
.5
:i
.2
3:;
.9
.8
:i
.5

Diff

:3 13-1
.2
2::
.9
.8
:T
.5
.4
.3
.2
1::
.9
.8
:z
::
.3
.2
0::
3eg.

TABLE

qdoef

41:1
.
.a
.I
.
I

Ii
:;
(
t2:i
.I
.:
.:
.4
::
::
.s
13.0
.l
:Z
.4
:i
.7
:9"
4.0
.l
:I
.4
1:
.7
:9

1015 (continued)-TIttgONOMETRIC
0

34

.64 279 292 305 319332

412 426 439 452466
546 559 572 586599
679 692 706 719732
812 825 839 852865
945 958 971 985998
.65 077 091 104 117130
210 223 236 250263
342 355 368 382395
474 487 500 514527
606 619 632 645659
738 751 764 777790
869 882 895 908921
.66 000 013 026 039053
131 144 157 170184
262 275 288 301314
393 406 419 432445
523 536 549 562575
653 666 679 692705
783 796 809 822835
913 926 939 952 965
.67 043 056 069 082094
172 185 198 211224
301 314 327 340353
430 443 456 469482
559 572 585 598610
688 700 713 726739
816 829 842 854867
944 957 970 983995
.68 072 085 098 110123
200 213 225 238251
327 340 353 366378
455 467 480 493506
582 595 607 620633
709 721 734 747759
835 848 861 873886
962 975 987 000 012
69 088 101 113 126139
214 227 240 252265
340 353 365 378390
466 478 491 503516
591 604 616 629641
717 729 742 754767
842 854 867 -------879891
966 979 991 004016
70 091 103 116 128141
215 228 240 253265
339 352 364 377389
463 476 488 501513
587 600 612 624637
(10)

67

346 359372
479 492506
612 626639
746 759772
878 892905
Oii 024038
144 157170
276 289302
408 421434
540 553566
672 685698
803 816830
935 948961
066 079092
197 210223
327 340353
458 471484
588 601614
718 731744
848 861874
978 991004
107 120133
237 250263
366 379392
495 508520
623 636649
752 765777
880 893906
008 021034
136 149162
264 276289
391 404417
518 531544
645 658671
772 785797
899 911924
m 038050
151 164177
277 290302
403 416428
529 541554
654 666679
779 792804
904 916929
029 041054
153 166178
277 290302
401 414426
525 538550
649 661674
5
cos
228

FUNCTIONS

386 399
519 532
652 666
785 799
918 932
051 064
183 197
316 329
448 461
580 593
711 724
843 856
974 987
105 118
236 249
367 380
497 510
627 640
757 770
887 900
017 030
146 159
275 288
404 417
533 546
662 675
790 803
919 931
--047 059
174 187
302 315
429 442
556 569
683 696
810 823
937 949
063 076
189 202
315 328
441 453
566 579
691 704
817 829
941 954
066 078
190 203
315 327
439 451
562 575
686 698
2

(1C
41:
.9
54t
67!
:;
81:
.6
94!
.5
m
21(
:i
34:
.2
471
6Of
9:;
731
.9
865
.8
OOf
131
:i
262
.5
393
522
:$
653
.2
783
913
3:;
a3
.9
172
.8
301
430
:;
559
.5 Difl
688
816
:5 12-l
944
.2
072
.l
200 4i 7.0
327
.9
455
582
:!:
709
.6
835
.5
962
088
:5
214
.2
340
466 461::
591
.9
717
842
:;
966
.6
091
.5
215
339
:i
463
.2
587
711 45 :A
.- de:g.
0 -

TABLE

deg.
45.(
.I
.:
.:
.4
.E
::
.E
.E
46.a
.I
1:
.4
1:
.7
::
47.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
::
.7
::
48.0
.l
:i
15
:76
:Z
L9.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
:i
.7
.8
.9
-

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN

.70 711
834
957
.71 080
203
325
447
569
691
813
934
.72 055
176
297
417
537
657
777
897
.72 016
135
254
373
491
610
728
846
963
.74 080
198
314
431
548
664
780
896
.75 011
126
241
356
471
585
700
813
927
.76 041
154

1
723
846
969
092
215
337
459
581
703
825
946
067
188
309
429
549
669
789
909
028
147
266
385
503
622
740
857
975
092
209
326
443
559
675
791
907
023
138
253
368
482
597
711
825
938
052
165

2
735
859
982
104
227
350
472
594
715
837
958
079
200
321
441
561
681
801
921
040
159
278
397
515
633
751
869
987
104
221
338
454
571
687
803
919
034
149
264
379
494
608
722
836
950
063
176

34

748760 772
871883
------- 896
994006 019
117129 141
239252 264
362374 386
484496 508
606618 630
728740 752
849861 873
970982 995
091104 116
212224 236
333345 357
453465 477
573585 597
693705 717
813825 837
933945 957
052064 076
171183 195
290302 314
409420 432
527539 551
645657 669
763775 787
881893
------- 904
998010 022
116127 139
233244 256
350361 373
466478 489
582594 606
699710 722
815826 838
930942 953
046057 069
161172 184
276287 299
391402 414
505517 528
620631 642
734745 756
848859 870
961973 984
075086 097
188199 210

785797
908920
031043
154166
276288
398411
520533
642655
764776
885898
----_
007019
128140
248261
369381
489501
609621
729741
849861
969980
088100
207219
326337
4441456
562574
681692
798810
916928
034045
151162
268279
385396
501513
617629
733745
849861
965976
080092
195207
310322
425437
540551
654665
768779
882893
---995007
109120
222233

(10)

809
932
055
178
301
423
545
667
788
910
031
152
273
393
513
633
753
873
992
112
231
349
468
586
704
822
940
057
174
291
408
524
641
757
872
988
103
218
333
448
562
677
791
904
018
131
244

822
945
068
190
313
435
557
679
800
922
043
164
285
405
525
645
765
885
-004
123
242
361
480
598
716
834
951
069
186
303
419
536
652
768
884
-000
115
230
345
460
574
688
802
916
029
143
256

834
957
__
080
203
325
447
569
691
813
934
055
176
297
417
537
657
777
897
016
135
254
373
491
610
728
846
963
080
198
314
431
548
664
780
896
011
126
241
356
471
585
700
813
927
041
154
267

:Y

.5
::
.2
$4::
.9
.8
:;
.5
:i
.2
43:;
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

:: 11-1:
.2
12:;
.9
.8
:8
.5
:i
.2
i;
.9
.8
:8
.5
:t
.2
Lo::
deg.

(lo)\

7)

4 13

11

Diff.

TABLE
r

1015 (conlinued)-T~~~ONOM~TRIC
0

345678

.I
.!
!5l.t

>
.d
..
.
.t
.t
.i

.I
.:
t i2.C
.I
.:
.:
.4
.E
1:
:;
a
.l

5 ;3.

1;
.4
:i
.7
1:
5 4.0
.l
:Z
.4
:6
.7

L-

::

.76 604 616 627 638649 661 672683

717 728 739 750761 772 784795
828 840 851 862,873 884 895906
940 951 962 9731985 996 007018
.77 051 062 074 085096 107 118129
162 174 185 196207 218 229240
273 284 296 307318 329 340351
384 395 406 417428 439 450461
494 505 517 528539 550 561572
605 616 627 638649 660 671682
715 726 737 748759 769 780791
824 835 846 857868 879 890901
934 945 956 967 978 988 999 m
.78 043 054 065 076087 098 108119
152 163 174 185196 206 217228
261 272 283 293304 315 326337
369 380 391 402413 424 434445
478 488 499 510521 532 542553
586 596 607 618629 640 650661
694 704 715 726737 747 758769
801 812 823 833844 855 866876
908 919 930 941951 962 973983
.79 OlG 026 037 048058 069 080090
122 133 144 154165 176 186197
229 240 250 261272 282 293303
335 346 357 367378 388 399410
441 452 463 473484 494 505516
547 558 568 579590 600 611621
653 664 674 685695 706 716727
758 769 779 790800 811 822832
864 874 885 895906 916 927937
--------968 979 989 000010 021 031042
.80 073 084 094 104115 125 136146
178 188 198 209219 230 240251
282 292 303 313323 334 344355
386 396 406 417427 438 448458
489 500 510 520531 541 551562
593 603 613 624634 644 655665
G96 706 717 727737 748 758768
799 809 820 830840 850 861871
902 912 922 932943 953 963973
.81 004 014 025 035045 055 066076
106 117 127 137147 157 168178
208 219 229 239249 259 269280
310 320 330 341351 361 371381
412 422 432 442452 462 472482
513 523 533 543553 563 573583
614 624 634 644654 664 674684
714 725 735 745755 765 775785
815 825 835 845855 865 875885
(10) 98

TABLE

9 - (10

deg

50.

FUNCTIONS

5
cos
230

a2-i

694 705
806 817
918 929
029 040
140 151
251 262
362 373
472 483
583 594
693 704
802 813
912 923
0% 0E
130 141
239 250
348 359
456 467
564 575
672 683
780 790
887 898
-994 005
101 112
208 218
314 325
420 431
526 537
632 642
737 748
843 853
948 958
052 063
157 167
261 271
365 375
469 479
572 582
675 686
778 789
881 891
984 994
086 096
188 198
290 300
391 401
493 503
594 604
694 704
795 805
895 905

717
828
940
@i
162
273
384
494
605
715
824
934
643
152
261
369
478
586
694
801
908
016
122
229
335
441
547
653
758
864
968
t!??j
178
282
386
489
593
696
799
902
004
106
208
310
412
513
614
714
815
915
0

:i
.5
2
.2

::
.7

3 9::
.9

::
5 6.0
.l

:t
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2

:X
.4
2
.7

313:;
.9
:t
.6
.5

::
517.0
.l
:i

Diff

: f 10-l
.2
3i

7::
.9
:;
.6
.5

1;
.6
.7
::
6i8.a
.l
::

:3
.2
36 2
.9
:;
.6
.5

:i
:;
.s
.E
Ei9. c
.1
.f
.z
.4

2
.2
35 :A
-de g.
-

2 lgegb
.81
5
.I .82
.2
.3
.4

.9
.8

.F
7
:E
.c
--

1015 (cunth&)-SIN

915
015
115
214
314
413
511
610
708
806
904

(1

925
025
125
224
324
423
521
620
718
816
914

935
035
135
234
333
432
531
629
728
826
923

AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS

OF DEGREES
SIN
314
5
6 7
8
9 (10)

945!955
0451055
1451155
244254
343353
442452
541551
639649
737747
835845
933943

965
065
165
264
363
462
561
659
757
855
953

975985
075085
175185
274284
373383
472482
570580
669679
767777
865874
962972

995
095
195
294
393
492
590
688
786
884
982

005
105
204
304
403
501
600
698
796
894
991

m
115
214
314
413
511
610
708
806
904
m

.7
.6
.5

:i
d.9
.2

.8
292
389
485
581
676
772
867
962
.84 057
151
245
339
433
526
619
712
805
897
989
.85 081
173
264
355
_-446
536
627
717
806
896
985
.86 074
163
251
340
427
515
(10)

1302
398
494
590
686
781
877
971
066
161
255
349
442
536
629
721
814
906
998
090
182
273
364
455
545
636
726
815
905
994
083
172
260
348
436
524

311
408
504
600
696
791
886
981
076
170
264
358
451
545
638
731
823
916
008
099
191
282
373
464
555
645
735
824
914
003
092
181
269
357
445
533

3211331
417427
514523
609619
705715
800810
896905
990 @%
085094
179189
273283
367377
461470
554563
647656
740749
833842
925 934
-017 026
109 118
200209
291300
382391
473482
564573
654663
744753
833842
923932
012021
101110
189198
278287
366375
454463
541550
7

340
437
533
629
724
819
915
009
104
198
292
386
480
573
666
759
851
943

3501360
446456
542552
638648
734743
829839
924934
mm
113123
208217
302311
395405
489498
582591
675684
768 777
860869
952 962
--m 044054
127 136145
218 228237
310
401 i:i :P:
491 500509
582 591600
672 681690
762 771780
851 860869
941 950958
030 mo48
119 127136
207 216225
295 304313
384 392401
471 480489
559 568576
5
cos
231

369
466
562
657
753
848
943
--_
038
132
226
320
414
508
601
694
786
879
971
--063
154
246
337
428
518
609
699
789
878
967
056
145
234
322
410
498
585
2

3791
475
571
667
762
858
953
047
142
236
330
423
517
610
703
796
888
980
072
164
255
346
437
527
618
708
798
887
976
065
154
243
331
419
506
594
17

389
485
581
676
772
867
962
057
151
245
339
433
526
619
712
805
897
989
081
173
264
355
446
536
627
717
806
896
985
074
163
251
340
427
515
603

:i
.5
.4
.3
.2
3:;
.9
.8
:67
.5 Diff.
:3 g-1(1
.2
2::
.9
.8
:3
.5
:i
.2
1::
.9
.8
:8
.5
.4
.3
.2
0:;
eg.

TABLE

1015 (continued)-TBI~ONOMETRIC
0

deg

60.t
.,
,*
.
.!
.t
.i

.I
.<
6l.C
.I
.:
.:
.4
.e
.t
5
:E
.s
62.C
.l
:Z
.4
:i
.7
::
53.0
.1
:f
.4
16
.7
:i
i4.0
.l
:i
.4
:6
.7
.8
.9

.86 603
690
777
863
949
.87 036
121
207
292
377
462
546
631
715
798
882
965
.88 048
130
213
295
377
458
539
620
701
782
862
942
.89 021
101
180
259
337
415
493
571
649
726
803
879
956
.90 032
108
183
259
334
408
483
557
(10)

611 620
698 707
785 794
872 880
958 967
044 053
130 139
215 224
301 309
386 394
470 479
555 563
639 647
723 731
807 815
890 898
973 981
056 064
139 147
221 229
303 311
385 393
466 474
547 556
628 637
709 717
790 798
870 878
950 958
029 037
109 116
188 196
266 274
345 353
423 431
501 509
579 587
656 664
734 741
810 818
887 895
963 971
039 047
115 123
191 198
266 274
341 348
416 423
490 498
564 572
9

629637
716724
803811
889898
975984
061070
147156
233241
318326
403411
487496
572580
656664
740748
823832
907915
990 998
073081
155163
237246
319328
401409
483491
564572
645653
725733
806814
886894
966974
045053
124132
203211
282290
361368
439447
517525
594602
672680
749757
826833
902910
979986
055062
130138
206213
281289
356363
431438
505512
579586
7

FUNCTIONS

646 655664
733 742751
820 829837
906 915924
993 001010
079 087096
164 173181
250 258267
335 343352
420 428437
504 513521
589 597605
673 681689
756 765773
840 848857
923 932940
006 tfi?~m
089 097106
172 180188
254 262270
336 344352
417 426434
499 507515
580 588596
661 669677
741 749757
822 830838
902 910918
981 989997
061 069077
140 148156
219 227235
298 306314
376 384392
454 462470
532 540548
610 618625
687 695703
764 772780
841 849856
918 925933
---994 001009
070 077085
146 153161
221 228236
296 304311
371 378386
446 453460
520 527535
594 601609
5
cos
232

(10) -_

672
759
846
932
tii?i
104
190
275
360
445
530
614
698
782
865
948
031
114
196
278
360
442
523
604
685
765
846
926
--005
085
164
243
321
400
478
556
633
710
787
864
941
017
093
168
243
319
393
468
542
616

681
768
855
941
027
113
198
284
369
454
538
622
706
790
873
957
039
122
204
287
368
450
531
612
693
774
854
934
013
093
172
251
329
408
486
563
641
718
795
872
948
024
100
176
251
326
401
475
549
623

690
777
863
949
036
121
207
292
377
462
546
631
715
798
882
965
048
130
213
295
377
458
539
620
701
782
862
942
021
101
180
259
337
415
493
571
649
726
803
879
956
032
108
183
259
334
408
483
557
631

.9

TABLE

eg---

:!:

5.0
.l

.6
.5

:I

:3
.2
.l
:!9.0
.9
:;
.6
.5
:i
.2
.l
2!8.0
.9
.8
:6
.5 Diff.
.4
.3 7-9
.2
2 7::
.9
.8

:i
.6
1:
.9
6.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
18
.7

:i
.2
2 6:;
.9
:;
.6
.5

:i
:;3
.9
i8.0
.l
2
.4
:i
7
:c
.c
j9.C
.1
.:
.:
.i

:3
.2
.I
2,5.0
dleg.

:i
.;
.I
.!
-

0(123(456178
I-I
90 631 638 646
704 712 719
778 785 792
851 858 865
924 931 938
996 m i?ii
.91 068 076 083
140 148 155
212 219 226
283 291 298
355 362 369
425 432 440
496 503 510
566 573 580
636 643 650
706 713 720
775 782 789

9 ___
(10)
653660
726734
800807
873880
945953
ijii? i%%
090097
162169
233241
305312
376383
447454
517524
587594
657664
727 734
796803

668
741
814
887
960
032
104
176
248
319
390
461
531
601
671
741
810

I
675682
748756
822829
895902
967974
i?itim
112119
183191
255262
326333
397404
468475
538545
608615
678685
748 755
817824

690
763
836
909
982
-__
054
126
198
269
340
411
482
552
622
692
762
831

697
770
844
916
989
061
133
205
276
347
418
489
559
629
699
769
838

.-

Diff.

.9 7-8
704
.8
778
851
::
924
.5
996
068
:3
140
.2
212
283
355 284:;
.9
425
.8
496
566
:L
7
636
.5
706
.4
775
.3
845
.2
2 3::
.9
.8

:i
7.0
.l
.2
.3
.4

:6
.5

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN

--

321
388
455
521
587
653
718
784
849
913
978
.93 042
106
169
232
295
ii8
420
483
544
606
667
728
789
849
909

328
395
461
528
594
659
725
790
855
920
984
048
112
175
239
302
364
427
489
551
612
673
734
795
855
915

334
401
468
534
600
666
731
797
862
926
990
055
118
182
245
308
371
433
495
557
618
679
740
801
861
921

341348
408415
475481
541547
607613
673679
738745
803810
868874
933939
-997003
061067
125131
188194
251258
314320
377383
439445
501507
563569
624630
686692
746753
807813
867873
927933

355
421
488
554
620
686
751
816
881
945
010
074
137
201
264
327
389
452
514
575
637
698
759
819
879
939

361368
428435
494501
561567
627633
692699
758764
823829
887 894
--952 958
016 023
080 086
144 150
207 213
~~! :i;i
396402
458464
520 526
581588
643649
704710
765771
825831
885891
945951

408
470
532
594
655
716
777
837
897
957

716

413

cos
233

375
441
508
574
640
705
771
836

381
448
514
580
646
712
777
842

388
455
521
587
653
718
784
849

:X
.5
:i
.2
2:2::
.9
.8

6-7

:L
.5
:i
.2
.l
2!l.O
.Q
.8

420
483
544
:I
606
.5
667
728
:i
789 ,
.2
849 I
.l
909 ,
969 I :10.0
deg.
1 hi- -

414
476
538
600
661
722
783
843
903
963

TABLE

1015 (continued)-TRIGONOMETRIC
0

deg.
70.(
.I
.:
.:
.6
.E
.t
5
:E
c
71:;j
.l
2
.4
1:
.7
:i
72.0
.l
::
.4
:5
:78
.9
73.0
.l
2
.4
:i
.7
.8
.9
4.0
.l
1:
.4
:5
.7
:t

.93 969 975

.94 029 035
088 094
147 153
206 212
264 270
322 328
380 386
438 443
495 501
552 558
609 614
665 671
721 727
777 782
832 838
888 893
943 948
997 003
.95 052 057
106 111
159 165
213 218
266 271
319 324
372 377
424 429
476 481
528 533
579 584
630 636
681 686
732 737
782 787
832 837

2
981
041
100
159
217
276
334
392
449
506
563
620
676
732
788
843
899
954
008
062
116
170
224
277
330
382
434
486
538
590
641
691
742
792
842

987993
047053
106112
165171
223229
282287
340345
397403
455461
512518
569575
625631
682687
738743
794799
849854
904910
959964
014019
068073
122127
176181
229234
282287
335340
387393
440445
492497
543548
595600
646651
697702
747 752
797802
847852

5
999
058
118
176
235
293
351
409
466
523
580
637
693
749
805
860
915
970
024
079
133
186
240
293
345
398
450
502
554
605
656
707
757
807
857

6 7
----_
005011
064070
123129
182188
241247
299305
357363
415420
472478
529535
586592
642648
699704
755760
810816
866871
921926
975981
---_
030035
084089
138143
192197
245250
298303
351356
403408
455460
507512
5595G4
610615
661666
712717
762767
812817
862867

FUNCTIONS

8
017
076
135
194
252
311
369
426
483
540
597
654
710
766
821
877
932
986
041
095
149
202
256
309
361
414
466
518
569
620
671
722
772
822
872

9a
023
082
141
200
258
316
374
432
489
546
603
659
715
77i
827
882
937
992
046
100
154
208
261
314
366
419
471
523
574
625
676
727
777
827
877

i--_
_
029 ,
.9
088
147
:;
206
.6
264
.5
322
380
:i
438
.2
495
552 I .9::
609
.9
665
.8
721
777
::
832
.5
888
.4
943
.3
.2
-997
052
106 18::
159
.9
213
266
:;
319
.6
372
.5
424
476
:;
528
.2
579
630 17::
681
.9
732
.8
782
832
2
882
.5

TABLE
Dif
6

I--

deg.
75.c I
.I
1
:i
.4

083
136
184
231
279
326
372
419
465
511
556

092097
141145
188193
236241
283288
330335
377382
423428
470474
515520
561565

102
150
198
246
293
340
386
433
479
524
570

~987.,_.:1.

cos
234

107112
155160
203208
250255
297302
344349
391396
437442
483488
529534
574579

117
165
212
260
307
354
400
447
492
r38
584

121
169
217
264
312
358
405
451
497
543
588

126 16:;
174
.9
222
269
:;
316
.6
363
.5
410
456
:i
502
.2
547
593 1,5:;
_-d eg.

.96 593
638
682
727

597
642
687
731

314

617

602
647
691
736

606611
651656
696700
740744

615
660
705
749

620624
664669
709713
753758

629
673
718
762

:: ,
76.0

5-e

Diff.

91(10)
633
678
722
767

638
682
727
771

.9
.8

4-5

:i
.5
:3
.2

945 949 953 957962

987 991 996 000004
.97 030 I034 038 -I042046

966 970974
008 013017
051 055059
I

979 983 987

021 025 030
063 -/067 072

::
.3
.4
:i
.7
::
77.0
.l
::
.4
:i
.7
::
78.0
.l

5
:Z
.4
.5
:;

083
131
179
227
274
321
368
414
460
506
552

O I1

:i
.7

:i
.2
078
126
174
222
269
316
363
410
456
502
547

1015 (continued)-SIN
AND COS OF HUNDREDTHS
OF DEGREES
SIN

:98
9.0
.l
:E
.4
::
.7
4-5
:i

237
278
318
358
398
437
476
515
553
592
630
667
705
742
778
815
851
887
922
958
992
.98 027
061
096
129
163
196
229
261
294
325
357
389
420
450

241
282
322
362
402
441
480
519
557
595
633
671
708
745
782
818
854
890
926
961
996
031
065
099
133
166
199
232
265
297
329
360
392
423
453

245
286
326
366
406
445
484
523
561
599
637
675
712
749
786
822
858
394
929
965
999
034
068
102
136
169
202
235
268
300
332
363
395
426
456

249253
290294
330334
370374
409413
449453
488492
527530
565569
603607
641645
678682
716719
753756
789793
826329
862865
897901
933936
968972
--003006
037041
072075
106109
139143
173176
206209
239242
271274
303306
335338
367370
398401
429432
459463

257
298
338
378
417
457
496
534
573
611
648
686
723
760
797
833
869
905
940
975
010
044
079
112
146
179
212
245
277
310
341
373
404
435
466

_(li

7 16

cos
235

261265
302306
342346
382386
421425
461464
499503
538542
576580
614618
652656
690693
727731
764767
800804
836840
872876
908912
943947
979982
-013017
048051
082085
116119
149153
183186
216219
248252
281284
313316
345348
376379
407410
438441
469472
I
41 3

269
310
350
390
429
468
507
546
584
622
660
697
734
771
807
344
880
915
951
986
--020
055
089
123
156
189
222
255
287
319
351
382
413
444
475
2

274
314
354
394
433
472
511
550
588
626
663
701
738
775
811
847
883
919
954
939
024
058
092
126
159
193
225
253
290
322
354
385
416
447
473
I
1 /

278
318
358
398
437
476
515
553
592
630
667
705
742
778
815
851
887
922
958
992
027
061
096
129
163
196
229
261
294
325
357
389
420
450
481
0

4::
.9
.8
::
.5
.4
.3
.2

3:;
.9
15
.5
:i
.2
2::
.9
.8
:L
.5

3-4

:3
.2
.l
1.0
.9
:;
.6
.5
:i
.2
0:;
.eg.

TABLE

1015 (continued)-T!:gONOMETRIC
0

def

80.

.'
.1
,
31:;
.
.:
.<
.!
.!
.t
.i
.I
c
$2:;
.I
.2
.3
.4
:i
:;:
.9
83. 0
.l
:Z
::
:76
:i
4.0
.l
:32
.4
::
.7
:O
-

345678

.98 481 484 487 490493

511 514 517 520523
541 544 547 550553
570 573 576 579582
600 603 605 608611
629 631 634 637640
657 660 663 666669
686 688 691 694697
714 716 719 722725
741 744 747 750752
769 772 774 777780
796 799 801 804807
823 826 828 831833
849 852 855 857860
376 878 881 883886
902 904 907 909912
927 930 932 935937
953 955 958 960963
978 980 983 985988
.99 002 005 007 010012
027 029 032 034036
051 053 056 058061
075 077 080 082084
098 101 103 105108
122 124 126 128131
144 147 149 151154
167 169 172 174176
189 ! 192 194 196198
1
211 214 216 218220
233 235 238 240242
255 257 259 261263
276 278 280 282284
297 299 301 303305
317 319 321 323325
337 339 341 343345
357 359 361 363365
377 379 381 383385
396 398 400 402404
415 417 419 421423
434 436 437 439441
452 454 456 458459
470 472 474 476477
488 490 492 493495
506 507 509 511512
523 524 526 528530
540 541 543 545546
556 558 559 561563
572 574 576 577579
588 590 592 593595
604 606 607 609610
(lO)l

FUNCTIONS
9

496 499502
526 529532
556 559562
585 588591
614 617620
643 646649
671 674677
700 702705
728 730733
755 758761
782 785788
809 812815
836 839841
863 865868
889 891894
914 917920
940 942945
965 968970
990 993995
015 017020
039 041044
063 065068
087 089091
110 112115
133 135138
156 158160
178 181183
200 203205
I
222 225227
244 246248
265 267269
286 288290
307 309311
327 329331
347 349351
367 369371
386 388390
406 408409
424 426428
443 445447
461 463465
479 481483
497 499500
514 516518
531 533535
548 550551
564 566568
580 582584
596 598599
612 613615

-(1C

505 508 51
535 538 54:
564 567 57(
594 597 60(
623 626 62!
652 654 65;
680 683 6%
708 711 711;
736 739 741
763 766 76E
791 793 79f
817 820 823
844 847 84s
870 873 876
896 899 902
922 925 927
948 950 953
973 975 978
997 -000 002
022 024 027
046 049 051
070 072 075
094 096 098
117 119 122
140 142 144
163 165 167
185 187 189
207 209 1 211
229 231 233
250 252 255
272 274 276
292 294 297
313 315 317
333 335 337
353 355 357
373 375 377
392 394 396
411 413 415
430 432 434
449 450 452
457 468 470
485 486 488
502 504 506
519 521 523
536 538 540
553 555 556
569 571 572
585 587 588
601 603 604
616 618 619

7 16

cos
236

4 13

11

TABLE

::

:X
.5
:i
.2
9::
.9
:;
.6
.5
2-z

8::
.9
.8
:i
.5
:;
.2
7::
.9
:;
.6
.5

:i
.2
.l
i.0
.9
.8
:i
.5
:.t
.2
:A
:g.

AND

COS OF HUNDREDTHS

OF UsEICNREES

Di:

:i
.2

1015 (continued)-SIN

l-2

leg.
i5.0
.l
.2
.3
.4

.99 619
635
649
664
678
692
705
:i
719
.7
731
744
:i
.99 756
16.0
768
.l
780
792
::
803
_-.4
813
824
:X
834
844
:3
854
.9
.99 863
17.0
872
.l
881
889
::
897
905
:i
912
919
:76
926
933
:O
.99 939
18.0
945
.l
951
.2
956
.3
961
.4
966
.5
970
.6
974
.7
978
982
:i
.99 985
19.0
988
.l
900
993
:Z
995
996
1:
998
999
:;
999
:: 1.00 000
30.0
-

11
I
621
636
651
665
679
693
707
720
733
745
753
770
781
793
804
-~
815
825
835
845
855
864
873
881
890
898
906
913
920
927
933
940
946
951
957
961
966
971
975
978
982
985
988
990
993
I995
996
998
999
999
000

2
623
638
652
667
631
694
708
721
734
747
759
771
782
794
805
816
826
836
846
856
865
874
882
891
899
906
914
921
928
934
940
946
952
957
962
967
971
975
979
982
985
988
991
993
995
996
998
999
am
000

314
I
624626
639640
654655
668669
682683
696697
709711
722724
735737
748749
760761
772773
784785
795796
806807
817818
827828
837838
847848
856857
866867
875875
883884
891892
899900
907908
914915
922922
928929
935935
941941
947947
952953
958958
962963
967 968
971972
975976
979980
983983
986986
988989
991991
993993
995995
I
997997
998998
999999
cm m
000000

7 16

5
627
642
657
671
685
699
712
725
738
750
762
774
786
797
808
819
829
839
849
858
867
876
835
893
901
909
916
923
930
936
942
948
953
959
963
968
972
976
980
983
986
989
991
994
995
997
998
999
cm
000

617
I
629630
643645
658659
672674
686688
700701
713715
726723
739740
752753
764765
775777
737733
798799
809810
820821
830831
840841
850851
859860
868869
877378
886887
894895
902903
909910
917917
924924
930931
937937
943943
948949
954954
959960
964964
968969
973973
977977
980981
984984
987987
989990
992992
994994
996996
I
997997
998998
999999
mmi
000000

8
632
646
661
675
689
703
716
729
742
754
766
773
789
800
811
822
832
842
352
861
870
879
387
895
903
911
918
925
932
938
944
950
955
960
965
969
973
977
981
984
987
990
992
994
996
997
998
999
--000
000

633
648
662
676
690
704
717
730
743
755
767
779
790
802
812
823
833
843
853
862
871
880
888
896
904
912
919
926
932
938
944
950
955
961
965
970
974
978
981
984
987
990
992
994
996 I
997
999
999
000
000

635
649
664
678
692
705
719
731
744
756
768
780
792
803
813
824
834
844
854
863
872
881
889
897
905
912
919
926
933
939
945
951
956
961
966
970
974
978
982
985
988
990
993
995
996
998
999
999
000
000

4 13

11

1.00 000 1
(1O)l 9

cos
237

Diff.

9 I (10)
.9
.8
:i
.5
:t
.2
4:;
.9
.8
:i
.5
:.!i
.2
3:;
.9
.8
:X
.5
.4
.3
.2
2:;
.9
.8
:x
.5
:5
.2
1::
.9
.8
:i
.5
:i
.2
0::
3eg.

TABLE
0
deg.
0.c
.I
.:
.:
.4
::
:i
c
1:;;
.I
1:
.4
:f!
1:
.9
2.0
.l
:Z
.4
::
.7
::
3.0
.l
13
:t
:76
:9
4.0
.l
:3
.4
:i
.7
:9

lOIS-TRIGOW&ETRIC

.OO 000
175
349
524
698
873
.Ol 047
222
390
571
746
920
.02 095
269
444
619
793
968
.03 143
317
492
667
842
.04 016
191
366
541
716
891
.05 066
241
416
591
766
941
.06 116
291
467

11
I
017
192
367
541
716
890
065
239
414
588
763
938
112
287
461
636
811
985
160
335
510
684
859
034
209
384
558
733
908
083
258
433
608
783
959
134
309
484

035
209
348
559
733
908
082
257
431
606
780
955
130
304
479
654
828
003
178
352
527
702
877
051
226
401
576
751
926
101
276
451
626
801
976
151
327
502

052070
227244
401419
576593
751768
925943
100117
274292
449466
623G41
798815
972990
147165
322339
496514
G71688
846863
020038
195213
370387
545562
719i37
894912
069086
244261
419436
593611
768786
943961
118136
293311
468486
643661
818836
994011
169186
344362
519537

854
i?%
204
379
554

105122 140
279297 314
454471 489
628646 663
803820 -838
977995 012
152169 187
327344 361
501519 536
676693 711
850868 885
-i%i%C%2 060
199217 234
374392 409
549566 584
723741 758
898916 933
073090 108
247265 282
422440 457
597614 632
772789 807
946964 981
121139 156
296314 331
471489 506
646663 681
821838
---_- 856
996013 031
171188 206
346363 381
521538 556
696713 731
871889 906
--046064 081
221239 256
397414 432
572589 607

.07 168
344
519
695
870
.08 046
221
397
573

186
361
537
712
888
063
239
415
591

203
379
554
730
905
081
257
432
608

221238
396414
572589
747765
923940
099116
274292
450468
626643

256
431
607
782
958
134
309
485
661

273291
449466
624642
800817
976993
151169
327345
503520
679696

716

413

-19

314

FUNCTIONS

617

TABLE

9/a

1016 (continued&TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
T.4N

011
087
262
436
611
785
960
135
309
484
658
833
007
182
357
531
706
881
055
230
405
579
754
929
104
279
454
628
803
978
153
328
503

6'78

COT
238

157
332
506
681
855
030
204
379
553
728
903
077
252
426
601
776
950
125
300
475
649
824
999
174
349
523
698
873
048
223
398
573
748
924
099
274
449
624

175
.I 9
349
524
:;
698
.6
873
.5
@6t?
222
:i
396
.2
571
746 89::
920
.9
09.5
269
:;
444
.6
619
.5
793
968
:i
143
.2
317
492
8:;
667
.9
842
.8
016
191
:i
366
.5 Diff
541
716
:3 17-1
891
.2
066
241
7::
416
.9
591
766
:;
941
.6
116
.5
291
467
:5
642
.2
.I
6.0
.9
308 326 344
484 501 519
:;
659 677 695
.6
835 853 870
.5
011 028 046
186 204 221
:f
362 380 397
.2
538 555 573
.l
714 731 749
5.0
eg.
2
117

deg.
5.0
.l
1:
.4
::
.7
:::
6.0
.l
:3
.4
.5
:70
.8
.9
7.0
.l

.08 749
925
.09 101
277
453
629
805
981
.lO 158
334
510
687
863
.ll 040
217

766
942
118
294
470
647
823
999
175
352
528
705
881
058
234

784
960
136
312
488
664
840
---017
193
369
546
722
899
075
252

/4

802l819
978 995
154171
330347
506523
682699
858876
034052
211228
387405
563581
740758
916934
093111
270287

:f
:I?

110.18273
453 291
471 309
489
8 327345
507525
716

:F
:i
8.0
.l
:3
.4
:8
.7
::
9.0
.l
:i
:t

137
314
491
668
846
023
201
378
556
734
912
090
268
446
624
802
981
159
338
517
695
874
053
232
411
591
770
950
129

12 101
278
456
633
810
988
13 165
343
521
698
876
.14 054
232
410
588
767
945
.15 124
302
481
660
838
.16 017
196
376
555
734
914
.17 093

:32
.4
.5

119
296
473
651
828
---005
183
361
I538
716
894
072
250
428
606
785
963
141
320
499
677
856
035
214
394
573
752
932
111

154172
332349
509527
686704
864881
041059
219236
396414
574592
I
752769
930947
107125
286303
464481
642660
820838
---_999016
177195
35G374
534552
713731
892910
071089
250268
429447
609627
788806
968986
147165

OF HUNDREDTHS
_-

56j789)(10)
837
013
189
365
541
717
893
069
246
422
599
775
952
128
305

190
367
544
722
899
-----076
254
432
609
787
965
143
321
499
678
856
034
213
391
570
749
928
107
286
465
645
824
004
183

854872
iei%o48
206224
382400
558576
735752
911928
--087105
263281
440457
616634
793811
969987
146164
323341

208225
385402
562580
739757
917934
094112
272290
449467
627645
/--I
805823
983001
161179
339357
517535
695713
874892
052070
231249
409427
588606
767785
946964
125143
304322
483501
663680
842860
021039
201219

363
543
5 381399
561579
413

890
--066
242
418
594
770
-946
122
299
475
652
828
-005
181
358

243
420
597
775
952
130
307
485
663
841
018
196
375
553
731
909
--088
266
445
624
803
982
161
340
519
698
878
--057
237

907
083
259
435
611
787
964
-140
316
493
669
846
022
199
376

261
438
615
793
970
147
325
503
681
858
036
214
392
571
749
927
106
284
463
642
--821
000
179
358
537
716
896
075
255

925
.9
101
.8
277
453
:76
629
.5
805
2
-981
158
.2
334
510 E14:l!l
687
.9
863
.8
040
217
:i
394
.5
:i
.2
.l
E13.0
.9
.8

278
456
633
810
1;
988
.5 Diff.
165
343
:i 17-1
521
.2
698
876
054 E12:;
232
.9
410
.8
588
:8
767
.5
945
124
:f
302
.2
481
660
838 Ei A
017
.9
196
:;
376
.6
555
.5
734
914
:i
093
.2
273
.l
417
597
2 435
615
11-F 453
633 E10.0
.- cleg.

TABLE 1016 (continued)-T~IW~NOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS
0 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 (10)-deg.
lO.( i .17 633 1651669 687705 723 741759 777 795 813
.I 1
813 1831849 867885 903 921939 957 975 993
993 !011 029 G?ioT 083 loliiQ 137 155 173 .7
.: ?
.18 173 1191209 227245 263 281299 317 335 353
.: i
.6
353 '371 390 408426 444 462480 498 516 534
.4 L
.5
534 1552570 588606 624 642660 678 696 714
.f i
.4
.f 5
714 '733 751 769787 805 ----823841 859 877 895
.3
,
i
895 913 931 949968 986 004022 040 058 076
.2
.19 076 094 112 130148 166 185203 221 239 257
:2
257 275 293 311329 347 366384 402 420 438 79::
.EI
438 456 474 492510 529 547565 583 601 619
1l.C)
.9
619 637 655 674692 710 728746 764 782 801
.I
.i ,
801 819 837 855873 891 909928 946 964 982
:;
.E1
982 @% 018 038@6 073 091 109 127 145 164
.6
.4L .20 164 182 200 218236 254 273291 309 327 345
.5
i
345 363 382 400418 436 454472 491 509 527
:: i
527 545 563 582600 618 636654 673 691 709
:-ii
709 727 745 764782 800 ----818836 855 873 891
.2
:: I
891 909 928 946964 982 000019 037 055 073
.9I .21 073 092 110 128146 164 183201 219 237 256 718::
256 274 292 310329 347 365383 402 420 438
12.0I
.9
.I
438 456 475 493511 529 548566 584 602 621
1
621 639 657 676694 712 730749 767 785 804
:;
1:,
804 822 840 858877 895 913932 --950 968 986
.6
986 @%i023 041060 078 mm
133 151 169
.4
.5 Diff.
,
.22 169 188 206 224243 261 279298 316 334 353
353 371 389 408426 444 463481 499 518 536
:i ,
:t 18-l'
536 554 573 591609 628 646664 683 701 719
.7
.2
1
719 738 756 775793 811 830848 866 885 903
:z,
903 921 940 958977 995 013032 050 068 087 7'7:;
13.0 .23 087 105 124 142160 179 197216 234 252 271
.9
.l
271 289 308 326344 363 381400 418 436 455
.8
455 473 492 510528 547 565584 602 621 639
:i
639 657 676 694713 731 750768 786 805 823
:X
823 842 860 879897 916 934953 971 989 008
.4
.5
.24 008 026 045 063082 100 119137 156 174 193
1:
193 211 229 248266 285 303322 340 359 377
:i
377 396 414 433451 470 488507 525 544 562
.7
.2
562 581 599 618636 655 673692 710 729 748
.l
747 766 785 803822
840 859877 896 914 -933 5.0
:i
---__--_
L4.0
933 951 970 988007 026 044063 081 100 118
.9
.l .25 118 137 155 174192 211 230248 267 285 304
304 322 341 360378 397 415434 453 471 490
:S
:3"
490 508 527 545564 583 601620 638 657 676
.6
.4
676 694 713 731750 769 787806 --825 843 862
.5
.5
862 880 899 918936 955 974992 011 029 048
.4
.26 048 067 085 104123 141 160179 197 216 235
.3
:P
235 253 272 290309 328 346365 384 402 421
.2
421 440 458 477496 515 533552 571 589 608
.l
::
608 627 645 664683 701 720739 758 776 795 7:5.0
deg.
- -(10) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 COT
240

TABLE 1016 (continue&-TAN AND COT OF HUNDREDTHS

OF DEGREES
TAN
Diff.
8 9 ( (10) .011
2 314
5 617
I
I
I
I
deg.
.Q l&l!
907926 945 963 -982
15.0 .26 795 814 832 851870 888 ----.8
982 001 &%i 038057 m 094 113 132 151 169
.l
.7
.27 169 188 207 226244 263 282301 319 338 357
.6
357 376 394 413432 451 469488 507 526 545
:Z
.5
545 563 582 601620 638 657676 695 714 732
.4
732 751 770 789808 826 8451864-883 902 921
:-ii
921 939 958 977996 015 033,052 071 090 109
:X
.2
.7 .28 109 128 146 165184 203 222241 259 278 297
297 316 335 354373 391 410429 448 467 486
486 505 523 542561 580 599'618 637 656 675 74::
:i
.9
826 845 864
675 693 712 731750 769 788'807 --16.0
864
.l
_.~ 882 901 920939 958 9771996015 034 053
:;
.29 053 072 091 109128 147 166185 204 223 242
.6
242 261 280 299318 337 356375 394 413 432
:i
.5
432 451 470 489507 526 545'564 583 602 621
.4
19
621 640 659 678697 716 7351754773 792 a
:S
811 830 849 868887 906 925944 963 982 001
::
.2
1 097 1161135154 173 192
.7 .30 001 I020 039 059078
192 211 230 249268 287 306325 344 363 382
382 401 420 440459 478 497516 535 554 573 73:;
:O
.Q
573 1592611 6301649669 6881707726 745) 764
17.0
.8
.l

-_

:32
.4

338
530
722
::
914
.7
.32 106
299
:9"
492
18.0
685
.I
878
:i .33 072
266
.4
:Z
.7
:9"
19.0
.l
:i
.4
:5
.7
:t
t

357 376 396415 434 453472 492 511

549 568 587607 626 645664 683 703
741 760 780799 818 837856 -876 895
933 953 972991 010 O%?O&=i
068 087
126 145 164184 203 222241 261 280
318 338 357376 396 415434 453 473
511 531 550569 588 608627 646 666
704 724 743762 782 801820
---- 840 859
898 917 936956 975 994014 033 052
091 111 130149 169 188207 227 246
285 304 324343 363 382401 421 440

:X
.5
530
722
:t
-914
.2
106
299
492 7.2::
.Q
685
.8
878
072
:L
266
.5
460
:f
.2

.34 043
238
433
628
824
.35 020
216
412
608
805
.36 002
199

062 082 101121 140 160179 199 218

257 277 296316 335 355374 394 413
452 472 491511 530 55Ol569589 609
804
648 667 687706 726 745765 785 -843 863 882902 922 941961 980 000
039 059 078098 118 137157 176 196
235 255 274294 314 333353 373 392
432 451 471490 510 530549 569 589
628 648 667687 707 726746 766 785
825 845 864884 904 923943 963 983
022 042 061/081 101 121140 160 180
219 239 259278 298 318338 357 377

(10) Q

716

5 4
COT
241

238
433 7l::
.Q
628
.8
824
020
:i
216
.5
412
608
:34
805
.2
002
199
397 7.o:A 20
cleg.
1 0 -

TABLE

1016 (continued)-TW&NOMETRIC
0

deg

2o.t
.j
.:
.I
.
:i

.36 397
595
793
991
.37 190
388
588

11
I
417
615
813
-011
210
408
607

2
437
634
832
031
229
428
627

314
I
456476
654674
852872
---051071
249l269
448468
/
647667

5
496
694
-892
090
289
488
687

617
I
516535
714733
9121932
1101130
309329
I
508528
707727

8
555
753
951
150
349
548
747

9 1 (10) I
575 595
773 793
9711 991
1701 190
369 I 388
568 588
767 787

.i

.2
c
21:;
.I
.:
.:
.4
::
.7
.E

386
587
787
988
.39 190
391
593

406
607
808
-008
210
411
613

426
627
828
029
230
431
633

446467
647667
848868
-049069
250270
452472
653674

487
687
888
-089
290
492
694

507527
707727
908928
-109129
310331
512532
714734

547
747
-948
149
351
552
754

567
767
-968
169
371
573
775

587
787
988
-190
391
593
795

22:;;
.1
1:
.4

.41

:i
.7
.42
::
23.0
.1
:;
.4

.43

1:
.7
.44
:,
t4.0
.I
:5
.4

.45

:5
.7
46

403
606
809
013
217
421
626
831
036
242
447
654
860
067
274
481
689
897
105
314
523
732
942
152
362
573
784
995
206

423
626
830
033
237
442
646
851
057
262
468
674
881
087
295
502
710
I918
126
335
544
753
963
173
383
594
805
---016
228

443
646
850
054
258
462
667
872
077
283
489
695
901
108
315
523
-,31
939
147
356
565
774
984
194
404
615
826
037
249

464484 504
667687 707
870891 911
074095 115
278299 319
483503 524
687708 728
892913 933
098118 139
303324 345
509530 551
716736 757
922943 963
129150 170
336357 378
544564 585
751772 793
959980
i
--I001
168189 210
377397 418
586607 627
795816 --837
-005026 047
215236 257
425446 467
636657 678
847868 --889
058079 101
270291 312

524545
728748
931952
135156
340360
544565
749769
954975
159180
365386
571592
777798
---984005
191212
398419
606627
814834
022043
230251
439460
648669
858879
068089
278299
488509
699720
910931
122143
334355

f
1

FUNCTIONS

565
769
972
176
380
585
790
995
201
406
612
819
025
232
440
647
855
064
272
481
690
900
-110
320
530
741
-953
164
376

585 606
789 809
993 013
197 217
401 421
606 626
810 831
016 036
221 242
427 447
633 654
839 860
046 067
253 274
460 481
668 689
876 897
0% I- 105
293 314
502 523
711 732
921 -942
131 152
341 362
552 573
762 784
974 -995
-185 206
397 418

Dif
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
:J
.2
.l
i9.0
.9
.8

20

:i
.5
.4
.3
.2
.l
i8.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2

1:
:: ,
.6 ,
.7
.a
.9 I
26.0 ,
.:

:i
.7
:i /
27.0
.l
:i
.4
1:
1;
.9
28.0
.l

2
.5

1:
.4
.5
.6
.7

::
.2

:i
29.0
21

:i
.2
.l

:;3
.3
.4
:F
.7

::

:t
319 418 440 461
8 482503
716

525
5 546567
413
COT
242

588
2 610
lTideg
631

65.0

1016 (continued)-TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
TAN
0

deg.
25.a 1
.l

:i
.4

17::
.9
.8

6::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

TABLE

.46 631
843
.47 056
270
483
698
912
.48 127
342
557
773
989
.49 206
423
640
858
.50 076
295
514
733
953
.51 173
393
614
835
.52 057
279
501
724
947
.53 171
395
620
844
.54 070
296
522
748
975
.55 203
431
659
888
.56 117
347
577
808
.57 039
271
503

11
I
652
865
078
291
505
719
933
148
363
579
I795
-7-F-011
228
445
662
880
098
317
536
755
975
195
415
636
857
079
301
523
746
970
193
417
642
867
092
318
544
771
998
226
454
682
911
140
370
600
831
062
294
526

673
886
099
312
526
740
955
170
385
601
816
033
249
467
684
902
120
339
557
777
997
217
437
658
879
101
323
546
769
992
216
440
664
889
115
341
567
794
OE
249
477
705
934
163
393
623
854
085
317
549

314
I
695716
907929
120142
334355
548 569
762 783
976 998
191213
407 428
622 644
8381860
004076
271293
488510
706727
924945
142164
360382
579601
799821
-019041
239261
459481
680702
902924
123145
345368
568590
791813
014037
238261
462485
687709
912935
137160
363386
590612
816839
i%%iji%
271294
499522
728 751
957 980
186 209
416 439
646 669
877 900
108 132
340 363
572 595

I
7 16

.-

(lo)/

OF HUNDREDTHS

6 I 7

737
950
163
377

881
098
315
532
749
967
185
404
623
-843
063
283
503
724
946
168
390
613
836
059
283
507
732
957
183
409
635
862
089
317
545
774
003
232
462
693
923
155
386
619

758780
971992
184206
398419
612 633
826 848
--041 062
256 277
471493
687 708
9031925
119141
336358
553575
771793
989011
207229
426448
645667
865887
----I
085107
305327
525548
747769
968990
190212
412434
635657
858880
081104
305328
530552
754777
980002
205228
431454
658680
885907
112135
340362
568591
797819
026049
255278
485508
716739
947970
178201
410433
642665

801
-014
227
441
655
869
084
299
514
730
946
163
380
597
815
-033
251
470
689
909
129
349
570
791
--012
234
457
679
903
126
350
575
799
025
250
476
703
930
--157
385
614
842
071
301
531
762
993
224
456
688

41 I 3

234
450
--------Y

COT
243

Diff.

9 l- (10)
_822
035
248
462
676
891
105
320
536
752
9681
184
401
619
-836
054
273
492
711
931
151
371
592
813
035
257
479
702
925
149
373
597
822
047
273
499
726
953
180
408
636
865
094
324
554
785
016
247
479
712

-843
056
270
483
698
912
127
342
557
773
989
206
423
640
-858
076
295
514
733
953
173
393
614
835
057
279
501
724
947
171
395
620
844
070
296
522
748
975
203
431
659
888
117
347
577
808
039
271
503
735

11 I 0

.9
.8
:i
.5
:3
.2
4::
.9
.8
:i
.5
:3
.2
3:;
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

22

:t
.2
2:;
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
:5
.2
81:;
.9
:;
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
3::
eg.

23

TABLE

1016 (continued)-TItG$NOMETRIC

--

deg.
30.0
.l
:Z
.4
::
.7
::
31.0
.1
.2
.3
.4
1:
.7

:O
32.0
.l
:i
.4
:f
.7
:i
33.0
.I
:E
.4
:;
.7
:X
34.0
.I
:32
.4
:I
.7
.8
.9

.57 735
968
.58 201
435
670
905
.59 140
376
612
849
.60 086
324
562
801
.61 040
280
520
761
.62 003
245
487
730
973
.63 217
462
707
953
.64 199
446
693
941
.65 189
438
688
938
.66 189
440
692
944
.67 197
451
705
960
.68 215
471
728
985
.69 243
502
761
70
v-(1O)(9

12
758
991
225
459
693
928
163
399
636
872
110
348
586
825
064
304
544
785
027
269
511
754
998
242
486
732
977
224
470
718
966
214
463
713
963
214
465
717
969
223
476
731
985
241
497
754
--__011
269
528
787
I

34
782
Oiti
248
482
717
952
187
423
659
896
134
371
610
849
088
328
569
809
051
293
535
779
022
266
511
756
002
248
495
742
990
239
488
738
988
239
490
742
995
248
502
756
011
267
523
780
037
295
554
813

805828
038061
272295
506529
740764
975999
211234
446470
683707
920944
157181
395419
634658
873897
112136
352376
593617
834848
075099
317341
560584
803827
047071
291315
535560
781805
026051
273297
520544
767792
-015040
264289
513538
763788
-013038
264289
515541
767793
-020045
273299
527552
781807
036 062
292318
548574
805831
063088
321347
579605
839865

716

67

(10)

Diff.

945
178
412
646
881
116
352
588
825
062
300
538
777
016
256
496
737
978
220
463
706
949
-193
437
682
928
174
421
668
916
164
413
663
913
163
415
666
919
172
425
680
934
190
446
702
960
217
476
735
995

968
201
435
670
905
140
376
612
849
086
324
562
801
040
280
520
761
003
245
487
730
-973
217
462
707
953
199
446
693
941
189
438
688
938
189
440
692
944
197
451
705
960
215
471
728
985
243
502
761
021

.9 23-2
.8

851
085
318
552
787
022
258
494
730
967
205
443
681
921
160
400
641
882
124
366
608
852
095
340
584
830
076
322
569
-817
065
314
563
-813
063
314
566
-818
071
324
578
832
088
343
600
857
114
372
631
891

875898
108131
342365
576599
811834
@ii%069
281305
517541
754778
991015
229252
467491
705729
944968
184208
424448
665689
906930
148172
390414
633657
876900
120144
364389
609633
854879
100125
347372
594619
842866
_----090115
339363
588613
838863
----088113
339364
591616
843868
---096121
349375
603629
858883
mi%
369395
625651
882908
140166
398424
657683
917943

921
--155
388
623
857
--093
328
565
801
039
276
514
753
992
232
472
713
954
196
438
681
925
169
413
658
903
150
396
643
891
139
388
638
888
138
390
641
894
147
400
654
909
--164
420
677
934
-192
450
709
969

413

COT
244

TABLE

FUNCTIONS

II-O-

:i
.5
:i
.2
9::
.9
:;
.6
.5

24

:i
.2
8:;
.9
.8
:i
.5
:i
.2
7::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

25

:3
.2
6::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
5:;
eg.
--

1016 (continued)-TAN

AND

35. 0
1

.70 021
281
542
i
804
_$1 .71 066
329
5i
593
857
.I
.72 122
t
388
36:;
654
921
.,
.73 189
.t
457
.d
726
.!
996
.f
.74 267
.;
538
.I
810
.75 082
37:;
355
.I
629
.:
904
.:
.76 180
.L
456
733
:I
.77 010
i
289
:t
568
848
IS::
.78 129
.I
410
.:
692
.:
975
.4
.79 259
.E
544
.t
829
5
.80 115
:E
402
.E
690
i9.c
978
.l

:i
.9

26
-

047
307
568
830
093
356
619
884
149
415
681
948
216
484
753
-023
294
565
837
109
383
657
932
207
483
760
038
317
596
876
157
438
721
-004
287
572
858
144
431
719
-007

073
333
595
856
119
382
646
910
175
441
708
97.5
243
511
-780
050
321
592
864
137
410
684
959
235
511
788
066
345
624
904
185
466
-749
032
316
601
886
172
460
747
036

199
A_ 1
492
757 786
051 081
346 376
643 672

.tca 141 1170

.r.*

454

:X

OF HUNDREDTHS

OF?%?EES
0

34

deg

:i
.4

COT

727
83 022
317
613
(lo)\

405

67 -

099125 151 177203

359386 412 438464
621647 673 699725
883909 935 961988
145171 198 224250
408435 461 487514
672699 725 751778
937963 990 016043
202228 255 282308
468494 521 548574
734761 788 -814841
001028 055 082109
269296 323 350377
538565 592 619646
807834 -861 -888915
-077104 131 158185
348375 402 429456
619646 674 701728
891918 946 973000
164191 219 246273
438465 492 520547
712739
---I 767 794822
987014 042 069097
262290 318 345373
539566 594 622650
816844 871 899927
094122 149 177205
372400 428 456484
652680 708 -736764
932960 988 016044
213241 269 297325

_~9 (10)

229
490
752
014
277
540
804
069
335
601
868
-135
404
672

255 281
516 542

942

212
483
755
028
301
575
849
124
400
677
955
233
512

303 329
567 593
--831 857
096 122
361 388
628 654
--895 921
162 189
:io
969
-239
511
782
-055
328
602
877
152
428
705
983
261
540
820
-100
382
664
947
231
515
joo@
086
373
661
950
239

629658
915943
201230
488517
776805
-065094

686
972
258
546
-834
123

715743
001029
287316
575603
--863892
152181

%
354
636
919
202
487
y7J
058
345
632
921
210

2291258
522551
815845
110140
406435
702732

287
580
874
169
465
761

3161346
610639
904933
199228
494524
791821

375
668
963
258
554
850

4041
698
992
287
583
880

7 16

5
COT
245

4 13

4;;
-996
267
538
810
082
355
629
904
180
456
733
010
289
568
848
129
410
692
975
259
544
115
402
690
978
268

Diff
.9
.8

26

:Y
.5
:t
.2
.1
14.0
.9
.8
:6
.5
.4
.3
.2

27

13::
.9
.8
:Ti
.5
:5
.2
.l
2.0
.9
.8

28

:Z
.5
:f
.2

1::
.9
.8
29
.7
.6
434 , .5
727
:i
022
.2
317
613
.l
910 50.0 29-30
deg.
0

I I

TABLE
.eg.
0.0
.1

1OlG (cor.tinued)-T;G$NONORlETRIC
0

.83 910 940

84 208 238
507 5'36
806 836
:Z
.85 107 137
.4
408 438
.5
710 741
.6
.86 014 044
.7
318 348
.8
623 653
.%I
929 959
1.0
1 .87 236 266
543 574
:2
852 883
.3
.88 162 193
.4
473 504
784 815
:i
.89 097 128
.7
410 442
725 756
::
.90 040 072
2.0
357 389
.l
674 706
993 025
2
.91 313 345
.4
633 665
955 987
::
.92 277 310
.7
601 633
926 958
:i
.93 252 284
3.0
578 611
.I
906 939
.2
.94 235 268
.3
565 598
.4
896 930
.5
.95 229 262
.6
562 595
.7
897 930
.96 232 266
:i
569 603
L4. c
907 941
.I
.97 246 280
2
..586 620
.c
927 961
.4
.98 270
i70 304
.E
613 648
.t
958 993
.i
.99 304 339
.s
652 686
.(
1.00
(10) 9
-

2345

67

969 999m
gjY @eiSs
267 297327 357 387417
566 596626 656 686716
866 896926 956 986016
167 197227 257 287318
468 499529 559 589620
771 801832 862 892923
074 105135 166 196226
379 409440 470 501531
684 714745 776 806837
--7
990 021001 m m143
297 3281359 389 420451
605 636 667 698 729 759
914 945976 007 038069
224 255286 317 348379
535 566597 628 659(i91
847 8781909 940 972003
159 191222 253 285316
473 505536 5G7 599630
788 819851 883 914946
104 135167 199 230262
420 452484 516 547579
738 770802 834 865897
057 089121 153 185217
377 409441 473 505537
097 729762 794 --__
826858
m t)51084 116 148 180
342 374407 439 471504
666 698731 763 796828
991 023056 088 121154
317 349382 415 447480
742 775808
677709 ---644 -972 005038 071 104136
301 334367 400 433466
631 665698 731 764797
963 996 @i% 062mmm
295 329362 395 429462
629 662696
---_---~729 763796
064 098131
964 997031 t%i
299 333367 400 434468
636 --670704 738 ---_771805
---_101144
974 008042 076 110144
314 348382 416 450484
654 -688722 -756 ---_791825
064 098 133167
996 030064
338 373407 441 476510
682 717751 786 820855
66200
-d25 osi@@ it% 166200
374 408443 478 512547
721 756791 826 860895

8
--148
447
746
046
348
650
953
257
562
867
i5;J
482
790
100
410
722
034
348
662
977
294
611
929
249
569
890
213
536
861
186
513
841
169
499
830

(10)

5
COT
246

.9
208
.8
507
.7
30
803
107
:8
405
.4
z@
.3
014
.2
318
623
9::,
929
.9
236
.8
543
852
:L
31
162
.5
473
784
:l
097
.2
410
725
8::
040
.9
357
.8
674
.7
9%
.6
32
313
.5
633
955
:3
277
.2
601
926
7:;
252
.9
578
.8
906
.7
235
.6
33
565
.5
896
-229
:3
562
.2
897
-~
232
569 :6::
.9
907
246
:;
34
586
127
.6
927
.5
2%
270
613
:i
958
.2
304
.l
tj@
652
000 L5.0 34-i
leg.
1 7

178
477
776
077
378
680
983
287
592
898
?%$
513
821
131
441
753
065
379
693
009
325
643
961
281
601
923
245
569
893
219
546
873
-292
532
-863
195
495 5291
830
--- 863
165 199
501 535
59 873
839
178 212
18 552
518
859 893
201 235
545 579
889 924
--235 270
582 617
930 965
2

Diff

1016 (continued)-TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
TAN
0

-_-_
I i--__-

TABLE

FUNCTIONS

1.0

:;
:i
.!
G3.t
.I
.:
.:
./
I
1;

.i
.I
.I

L7.C
.I
.:
.z
.4
:;
7
:E
9I
h8.0
.l
2
4
:5
:;
:i
9.0
.l
:i
.4
::
.7
:i
-

.l

000
035
070
105
141
176
212
247
283
319
355
392
428
464
501
538
575
612
649
686
724
761
799
837
875
913
951
990
028
067
106
145
184
224
263
303
343
383
423
463
504
544
585
626
667
708
750
792
833
875
(10)

11
2
314
I
I
003 007 010014
038 042 045049
074 077 081084
109 112 116119
144 148 151155
180 183 187190
215 219 222226
251 255 258262
287 290 294298
323 326 330334
359 363 366370
395 399 402406
432 435 439442
468 472 475479
505 508 512516
541 545 549553
578 552 586590
615 619 623 627
653 656 660664
690 694 697701
727 731 735739
765 769 773776
803 807 810814
841 844 848852
879 883 886890
917 921 925928
955 959 963967
994 998 -7
001 003
032 036 040044
071 075 079083
110 114 118122
149 153 157161
188 192 196200
228 232 236240
267 271 275279
307 311 315319
347 351 355359
387 391 395399
427 431 435439
467 471 475479
508 512 516520
548 552 557561
589 593 597601
630 634 638643
671 675 680684
713 717 721725
754 758 762767
796 800 804808
838 842 846850
880 884 888892
9

I
017 021024
052 056060
088 091095
123 126130
158 162165
194 197201
230 233237
265 269272
301 305308
337 341344
373 377381
410 413417
446 450453
483 486490
519 523527
556 560564
593 597601
630 634 638
668 671675
705 709712
742 746750
780 784788
818 822826
856 860863
894 898902
932 936940
971 974978
@% mm
048 052056
087 091094
126 130133
165 169173
204 208212
243 247251
283 287291
323 327331
363 367371
403 407411
443 447451
483 487492
524 528532
565 569573
606 610614
647 651655
688 692696
729 733738
771 775i79
812 817821
854 859863
896 901905
5
COT
247

OF HUNDREDTHS

028 031
063 067
098 102
134 137
169 173
205 208
240 244
276 280
312 316
348 352
384 388
421 424
457 461
494 497
530 534
567 571
604 608
641 645
679 652
716 720
754 758
791 795
829 833
867 871
905 909
944 948
982 98G
-mi 025
059 063
098 102
137 141
177 180
216 220
255 259
295 299
335 339
375 379
415 419
455 459
496 500
536 540
577 581
618 622
659 663
700 704
742 746
783 787
825 829
867 871
909 913
2

I-

(10) -.

DifI

035
.9 3-4
070
.8
105
.7
141
.6
176
.5
212
.4
247
.3
283
.2
319
.l
355 I f4.0
392
.9
428
.8
464
501
:67
538
.5
575
612
:5
6~9
.2
686
.l
724 413.0
761
.9
799
.8
837
875
:6
913
.5
951
990
:i
028
.2
067
106 4:2::
145
.9
184
.8
224
263
:8
303
.5
343
383
4
:i
423
.2
463
.l
504 4 1.0
544
.9
585
.8
626
667
:i
708
.5
750
792
:3
833
.2
875
.l
918 410.0
4-5
d
- eg.
0 -

TABLE

1016 (continued)-TR.iG$NOMETRIC
0

dcg

5o.t
.I
_
.c
.i
.I
.t
.i
.f
c

51:;
.I
.i
.f

.4
::
7
:E
.9
52.0

.l
1;
.4
1:
.7
::
53.0

.l
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
:Z

i4.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
.5
.G

.7
::
-

12

34

67

FUNCTIONS
8

9(10:

L-I

TABLE
DiB

1.1 918 922 926 930934 939 943947 951 956 960I
.9
960 9G4 968 973977 981 985990 994 998 002
.a
1.2 002 007 011 015019 024 028032 037 041 045
.i
045 049 054 058062 066 071075 079 084 088
088 092 097 101105 109 114118 122 127 131
2
131 135 140 144148 153 157161 166 170 174
174 179 183 187192 196 200205 209 213 218
:;
218 222 226 231235 239 244248 252 257 261
.2
261 266 270 274279 283 287292 296 301 305
.l
305 309 314 318323 327 331336 340 345 349 219.0
349 353 358 362367 371 375380 384 389 393
.9
393 398 402 406411 415 420424 429 433 437
437 442 446 451455 460 464469 473 478 482
1;
482 487 491 495500 504 509513 518 522 527
.6
527 531 536 540545 549 554558 563 567 572
.5 4-5
572 576 581 585590 594 599603 608 612 617
617 621 626 630635 640 644649 653 658 662
:i
662 667 671 67G680 685 689694 699 703 708
.2
703 712 717 721726 731 735740 744 749 753
753 758 7G3 767772 776 781786 790 795 799 38::
799 804 809 813818 822 827832 836 841 846
.9
846 850 855 859864 869 873878 883 887 892
892 897 901 906911 915 920924 929 934 938
:;
938 943 948 952957 962 967971 -976 981 985
985 990 995 999004 009 mm
023 028 i%%
156
1.3 032 037 042 046051 056 061065 070 075 079
079 084 089 094098 103 108113 117 122 127
::
127 132 136 141146 151 155160 165 170 175
.2
175 179 184 189 194 198 203208 213 218 222
222 227 232 237242 246 251256 261 266 270 37:;
270 275 280 285290 295 299304 309 314 319
.9
319 324 328 333338 343 348353 358 362 367
.8
367 372 377 382387 392 397401 406 411 416
416 421 426 431436 440 445450 455 460 465
:76
465 470 475 480485 490 495499 504 509 514
.5
514 519 524 529534 539 544549 554 559 564
.4
564 569 574 579584 588 593598 603 608 613
.3
613 618 623 628633 G38 643648 653 658 663
.2
5
663 668 673 678683 688 693698 703 708 713
713 718 723 729734 739 744749 754 759 764 31Ii:
764 769 774 779784 789 794799 804 809 814
.9
814 820 825 830835 840 845850 855 860 865
865 870 876 881886 891 896901 906 911 916
:;
91G 922 927 932937 942 947952 -958 963 968
968 973 978 983988 994 9990X 009 014 m
156
I..4 013 025 030 035040 045 051056 OGl 066 071
071 077 082 087092 097 103108 113 118 124
:i
124 129 134 139144 150 155160 165 171 176
.2
1
3!510 5-6
d eg.
COT
248

1016 (continued)-TAN
0

deg.
55.0
.l
:i
.4
:6"
.7
:i
56.0
.l
.2
.3
.4
:"6
.7
:9"
57.0
.I
:5
.4
:i
.7
::
58.0
.l
:32
.4
:5
.7
.8
.9
59.0
.I
:Z
.4
:X
.7
.8
.9

1.4 281
335
388
442
496
550
605
659
715
770
826
882
938
994
1.5 051
108
166
224
282
340
399
458
517
577
637
697
757
818
880
941
1.6 003
066
128
191
255
319
383
447
512
577
643
709
775
842
909
977
1.7 045
113
182
251

OF ?%?EEs
34
5 67

12
287 292
340 345
393 399
447 453
501 507
556 561
610 616
665 670
720 726
775 781
831 837
887 893
943 949
m 006
057 063
114 120
172 177
229 235
287 293
346 352
405 410
4G4 469
523 529
583 589
643 649
703 709
764 770
825 831
886 892
948 954
010 016
072 078
135 141
198 204
261 267
325 331
389 395
454 460
518 525
554 590
649 656
715 722
782 788
849 855
916 923
983 990
051 058
120 127
189 196
258

(1O)j 9

AND COT OF HUNDREDTHS

297303
351356
404410
458,463
512517
566572
621627
676681
731737
787792
842848
898904
955960
mti
068074
126131
183189
241247
299305
358363
416422
475481
535541
595601
655661
715721
776782
837843
898904
960966
022028
084091
147154
210217
274280
338344
402408
467473
531538
597603
663669
729735
795802
862869
929 936
997004
065072
134140
202209
272279
I
8 7 ( 6

308 313319 324

361 367372 377
415 420426 431
469 474480 485
523 528534 539
577 583588 594
632 637643.648
687 692698 704
742 748753 759
798 803SO9 814
854 859865 870
910 915921 927
96G 972977 983
0% m@?z 040
080 085091 097
137 143149 154
195 200206 212
253 258264 270
311 317322 328
369 375381 387
428 434440 446
487 493499 505
547 553559 565
607 613619 625
667 673679 685
727 733739 745
788 794800 806
849 855861 867
911 917923 929
972 979985 991
034 041047 053
097 103110 116
160 166172 179
223 229236 242
287 293299 306
351 357363 370
415 421428 434
479 48G492 499
545 551558 564
610 617623 630
676 682689 696
742 749755 762
808 815822 829
875 882889 896
950 956 963
943 -011 017024 031
079 086092
147 154161 168
216 223230 237
286 293300 307
I
5 4 (3 2
COT
249

(10)

329
383
436
490
545
599
654
709
764
820
876
932
989
046
103
160
218
276
334
393
452
511
571
631
691
751
812
874
935
997
059
122
185
248
312
376
441
505
571
636
702
769
835
902
970
-038
106
175

335
388
442
496
550
605
659
715
770
826
882
938
994
%%
108
166
224
282
340
399
458
517
577
637
697
757
818
880
94J
003
066
128
191
255
319
383
447
512
577
643
709
775
842
909
977
045
113
182

3;:

zi:

1 IT

Diff.
.9
.8
:i
.5
::
.2

5-6

34:;
.9
.8
:;
.5
:;
.2
33:;
.9
.8
:i
.5

:.l
.2
3'2:;
.9
.8
:;
.5
:2
.2

6-7

381:;
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
30::
c-leg.

TABLE

1016 (continued)-TIIX~NOMETRIC
0

deg.

60 .O
1
:2
.3
.4
:
i
9
1: 0
I
f
4
:
7
z
2.10
1
.*i
_1
I5

:i3
.; 7
.t
c3
3:; 1
.I
.f 1
.z ,
.4
,
:i ,

.7
::
:.o
:;
.3
.4
:i
.7

11

314

1.7 321
391
461
532
603
675
747
820
893
966
1.8 040
115
190
265
341
418
495
572
650
728
807
1

128
210
292
375
458
542
626
711
797
883
970
2.0 057
145
233
323
413
503
594
686
778
872
965
:
060

617

FUNCTIONS
8

TABLE

9/Q

327 334 3411348 355 362369 376 384 391

398 405 412419 426 433440 447 454 461
468 475 482489 496 503511 518 525 53:
539 546 553560 567 575582 589 596 60;
610 617 625632 639 646653 661 668 675
682 689 697704 711 718725 733 740 747
754 762 769776 783 791798 805 813 820
827 834 842849 856 864871 878 886 893
900 908 915922 930 937944 952 959 966
974 981 989996 003 011018 026 033 040
048 055 063070 078 085093 100 107 115
122 130 137145 152 160107 175 182 190
197 205 213220 228 235243 250 258 265
273 281 288296 303 311318 326 334 341
349 357 364372 379 387395 402 410 418
425 433 441448 456 464471 479 487 495
502 510 518526 533 541549 556 564 572
580 588 595603 611 619626 634 642 650
658 666 673681 689 697705 713 720 728
736 744 752760 768 776784 791 799 807
815 823 831839 847 855863 871 879 887
927 935943 951 959 967
007 015023 -031 039 Oa
088 0961104 112 120 128
136 145 153161 169 177185 193 202 210
218 226 234243 251 259267 275 284 292
300 308 317325 333 342350 358 366 375
383 391 400408 416 425433 441 450 458
466 475 483491 500 508517 525 533 542
550 559 567575 584 592601 609 618 626
635 643 652660 669 677686 694 703 711
720 728 737745 754 762771 779 788 797
805 814 822831 840 848857 866 874 883
891 900 909917 926 935943 952 961 970
------- 013 022031 039 048 057
978 987 996004
066 074 083092 101 110118 127 136 145
154 163 171180 189 198207 216 225 233
242 251 260269 278 287296 305 314 323
332 341 350359 368 377386 395 404 413
422 431 440449 458 467476 485 494 503
512 521 530539 549 558567 576 585 594
612 622 631 640 649 658 668 677 686
695 704 714 723 732 741751 760 769 778
788 797 806 816 825 834 844 853 862 872
881 890 900 909 918 -928 937 947 95G 965
975 984 994 003 a3 022 032 041 050 m
069 079 088 098 107 117 127 136 146 155

Diff

:;
.6
.5

:i
.4

:3
.2

:i
.7
.8
.9
56.0
.l

29::
.9
.8
:6
.5
:i
.2
.l
!8.0
.9
.8

deg.
35.0
.l

2.2

:Z
.4
:i
.7

:i
.5

:i
.4

:3
.2

2.3

:P
i7.0
.l
2.4

:i
.7
.8
.9
i8.0
.l

7::
.9
.8

2.5

:i
.5

:3
.4

:t
.2
.l
j.0
.9
:;
.6
.5
:i
.2
.l

::

.7
::
i9.0
.l

2.6

:Z
.4
::
.7
:::

COT
250

OF HUNDREDTHS

.9

--.---.

::
- .- -

1016 (continued)-TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
TAN

2.7

842
943
045
148
251
355
460
566
673
781
889
998
109
220
332
445
559
673
789
906
023
142
262
383
504
627
751
87G
002
129
257
386
517
649
782
916
051
187
325
464
605
746
889
034
179
326

852
953
I055
158
261
366
471
577
684
791
900
009
120
231
343
456
570
685
801
917
035
154
274
395
516
639
763
888
014
142
270
399
530
662
795
929
064
201
339
478
619
760
904
048
194
341

8G2
963
065
168
272
376
481
588
694
802
911
020
131
242
354
467
581
696
812
929
047
166
286
407
529
652
776
901
027
154
283
412
543
675
808
943
078
215
353
492
633
775
918
063
209
356

(10)

872882
973984
07608G
I
179189
282293
387397
492503
598609
705716
813824
922933
031042
142153
253264
366377
479490
593604
708719
824836
941953
059071
178190
298310
419431
541553
664676
788801
913926
040052
167180
296309
426439
556570
688702
822835
956970
092105
229242
367381
506520
647661
789803
932947
077092
223238
371386
7

892
994
096
199
303
408
513
620
727
835
944
-----053
lG4
276
388
501
616
731
847
964
083
202
322
443
566
G89
813
939
065
193
322
452
583
715
848
983
119
256
395
534
675
818
961
106
253
400
5
COT
251

9021913
----004014
106117
210220
313324
418429
524534
630641
737748
846856
955966
064075
175186
287298
399411
513524
627639
743754
859871
976988
095106
214226
334346
4551468
578590
701714
826838
951964
078091
206219
335348
465478
59FG09
728,742
8G2875
---997010
133146
270284
408422
548562
689704
832,846
976,990
121135
267282
415430
4

923
024
127
230
334
439
545
652
759
867
976
087
197
309
422
536
650
766
882
--7
000
118
238
358
480
602
726
851
976
103
231
361
491
622
755
889
024
160
298
436
576
718
860
005
150
297
445

933
035
137
241
345
450
556
662
770
878
987
098
209
321
433
547
662
777
894
012
130
250
370
492
615
738
863
989
116
244
373
504
635
768
902
037
174
311
450
590
732
875
019
165
312
460

-943
045
148
251
355
460
566
673
781
889
-998
109
220
332
445
559
673
789
906
023
142
262
383
504
627
751
876
002
129
257
386
517
649
782
_916
051
187
325
464
605
746
&9
034
179
326
475

.9
.8
.7
.G
.5

10

:i
.2
.l
24.0
.9

.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2

11

23:;
.9
.8
:i
.5
.4
.3
.2

12

22:;
.9
.8
::
.5
.4
.3
.2
.l
11.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
:i
.2
.l
10.0
Seg.

13

14

15

TABLE

1016 (co,alinued)-TFtiG$NOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

0
12
34
5
67
8
9 (10) -- -deg.
70.a , 2.7 475 490 505 520535 550 565580 595 610 625
1
12
.3
.4
.5

2.8

:;
:f
71.0
.I

2.9

:i
.4
1:
.7
.8
.9
72.0
.l
.2
.3
.4

3.0

3.1

:W
.7

3.2

:I?
73.0
.l
3.3
:3
.4
.5
.6
.7

3.4

::
74.0
.l

3.5

::
.4
3.6
2
:!3
.9

3.7

--

625
776
929
083
239
397
556
716
878
042
208
375
544
714
887
061
237
415
595
777
961
146
334
524
716
910
106
305
506
709
914
122
332
544
759
977
197
420
646
874
105
339
576
816
059
305
554
806
062

640
791
944
099
255
412
572
732
895
059
224
392
561
732
904
079
255
433
613
795
979
165
353
543
735
930
126
325
526
729
935
143
353
566
781
999
220
443
669
897
1129
363
600
840
083
330
579
832
i087

(lo)19

655
807
960
114
270
428
588
748
911
075
241
408
578
749
922
096
273
451
631
813
998
184
372
562
755
949
146
345
546
749
955
163
374
587
803
021
242
465
691
920
152
386
624
864
108
354
604
857
113

670685
822837
975990
130145
286302
444460
604620
765781
927944
092108
258274
425442
595612
766783
939956
114131
290308
469487
649668
832850
--016035
202221
391410
581601
774793
969988
166185
365385
566586
770790
976997
184205
395416
609630
824846
Gi3065
264286
488510
714737
943966
1751199
410434
648672
889913
132157
379404
629654
882908
139165

700
852
-006
161
318
476
636
797
960
125
291
459
629
800
974
149
326
505
686
868
053
240
429
620
813
008
205
405
607
811
-----017
226
438
652
868
087
308
533
760
989
222
457
696
937
181
429
680
933
191

715731
868883
021037
177192
333349
492508
652668
813829
976993
141158
308324
476493
646663
818835
---991009
167184
344362
523541
704722
887905
_---072090
259278
448467
639658
832852
028047
225245
425445
627647
831852
038059
247268
459480
673695
890912
109131
331353
555578
782805
-----012036
2451269
481505
720744
961986
206231
454479
705730
959985
217242

746
898
052
208
365
524
684
846
009
174
341
510
680
852
026
202
379
559
740
924
109
296
486
677
871
067
265
465
668
873
080
290
502
716
933
153
375
600
828
059
292
529
-768
010
255
504
755
-010
268

7 / 6

5
COT
252

4 (3

761
914
068
223
381
540
700
862
026
191
358
527
697
870
044
220
397
577
759
942
128
315
505
697
891
087
285
485
688
893
101
311
523
738
955
175
398
623
851
082
3161
552
792
-034
280
529
781
036
294
1 /

776
929
083
239
397
556
716
878
042
208
375
544
714
887
061
237
415
595
777
961
146
334
524
716
910
106
305
506
709
914
122
332
544
759
977
197
420
646
-874
105
339
576
-816
059
305
554
-806
062
321
0

TABLE
Diff

.9
.8
2
.5
.4
.3
.2

15

16

19::
.9
.8
:P
.5
:i
.2
.l
18.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
:t
.2
.l
17.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
16:;
.9
:Z
.6
.5

17

0
deg.
75.c
.I
.:
.:
.4
:i
i
:E
c
76:c
.I
:i
.4

18

19

:i
.7
::
77.0
.I
1:
.4
2

20
1:
.9
78.0
21

22

:a
.3
.4
:W

23
24

:.t
.2

25

15::
.- 0eg.
-

26

1016 (continued)-TAN
AND
OF D$J;EES

:;:
.9
79.0
.l
:3
.4
1:
.7
:9

3.7 321
583
848
3.8 118
391
667
947
3.9 232
520
812
4.0 108
408
713
4.1 022
335
653
976
4.2 303
635
972
4.3 315
662
4.4 015
373
737
4.5 107
483
864
4.6 252
646
046
453
867
4.8 288
716
4.9 152
594
5.0 045
504
970
5.1 446
929
5.2 422
924
5.3 435
955
5.4 486
5.5 026
578
5.6 140

11
I
347
609
875
145
418
695
976
260
549
841
138
438
743
053
367
685
-008
336
669
-006
349
697
051
410
774
144
520
903
291
686
087
494
909
331
759
196
639
091
550
-018
494
978
472
974
486
-008
539
081
633
196

314
I
399 425
662 689
929 956
199 226
473 501
751779
032 061
318 346
607 636
900 930
197 227
499 529
805 836
115 146
430 462
749 781
-073 106
402 435
736 770
075 109
418 453
768 803
122 158
482 518
848 885
219 257
596 634
980 m
369 409
765 805
168 208
577 618
993 035
416 459
846 889
284 328
729 774
182 228

373
636
902
172
446
723
004
289
578
871
168
469
774
084
398
717
041
369
702
040
384
732
086
446
811
182
558
941
330
725
127
536
951
373
803
240
684
136
596 pm!&
065
542 590 638
-@i% 076 125
521 5?&
025
538 -590 642
060 113 166
593 647 701
136 191246
689 745 801
253 310 368

5
451
715
983
254
528
807
089
375
665
959
257
560
867
178

COT

617
I
477504
742768
-ST-010037
281308
556584
835863
117146
404 433
694724
989019
287318
590621
898929
209241

OF HUNDREDTHS

l530
795
064
336
612
891
174
462
753
048
348
651
960
272

803 837871 905

-----_
143 177212 246
488 523557 592
838 873909 944
194 230 265 301
555 591628 -664
922 959996 033
294 332369 407
673 711749 787
-_---057 096135 174
448 487 527 567
845 885925 966
249 290331 371
659 701742 784
-----077 119161 203
501 544587
---_ 630
933 977020 064
372 416461 505
819 864909 954
273 3191365 411
736 783830 -876
207 254 302 350
686 735783 --832
i% 224273 323
672 --722772 822
178 229 280 332
694 746798 --850
219272325379432
755 809863 917
301 356411 467
-857 914970 026
425 482540 597

7 16

5
COT
253

4 (3

556
822
091
363
639
919
203
491
782
078
378
682
991
304

583
848
118
391
667
947
232
520
812
108
408
713
022
335

938
280
627
980
337
701
070
445
826
213
606
006
412
826
246
673
108
550
000
4571
923
398
880
372
873
383
903

972
315
662
015
373
-737
107
483
_864
252
(9&J
046
453
867
288
716
152
594
045
504
-970
446
929
422
924
435
955
486
972 026
522 578
083 140
655 713
1 /

Diff

(10) --

(1O)l 9

O- -

.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
14::
.9

26
27
28
29
30

:;
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2

31

13::
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

34
35

:3
.2

38
39

32
33

36
37

12:;
.9

40
41

:;
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.l
1 1.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.I
IL3.0
dt%.

42
43

-I

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
5G
57

TABLE

1016 (continued)-TRJ&ONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

.9
.8

:f
.4

5.9

:i
.7

6.0
6.1

:nS 6.2
6.3
31.0
.I

:i
.7
::
32.0
.l
1:
.4
.5
.G
.7
::
33.0
.I
.2
.3
.4
::
.7
:8
34.0
.l
:I
.4
:P
.7
:8

1016 (continued)-TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
TAN
0

deg.
50.0
.l

:i
.4

TABLE

6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.._6
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.

124
758
405
066
742
432
138

122
912
720
548
395
264
154
066
002
962
947
958
99A
II-

186
822
471
133
810
502
209

200
992
802
631
481
352
244
159
097
-059
046
o(jo

249
886
536
200
879
572
280

312376
950015
602668
267335
947 016
642712
352424

278 357436
-------072 152233
-884 966049
715 800884
567 654740
440 528617
334 425516
251 344438
192 287383
157 254352
147 -247348
163 266 369

101 207 313419

062 170 279 388497
158 2F9 381 493605
285 399 514 629744

l-14
264
386
513
643
777
915
9. 058
205
357
514
677
845
10. 019
199
385
579
780
988
11. 205
(10)

156
276
399
525
656
791
929
072
220
373
530
693
862
036
217
404
599
800
---_
009
227

168
288
411
538
669
804
943
087
235
388
546
710
879
054
236
424
618
821
031
249

180192
300312
424436
551564
683696
818832
958972
102116
250265
404419
563579
727743
896914
072090
254273
443462
638658
841862
052074
271294
7

439
080
734
402
085
783
496

502566
144209
800867
470538
154223
853924
568641

630
--275
933
606
--293
995
713

694
340
000
674
362
066
786

758
405
066
742
432
138
859

:i
.5
:f
.2
9:;
.9
:S
.6
.5

514
313
131
969
827
706
607
531
479
451
-wg
473

594673
394475
----_
214297
----054139
---914001
795884
698790
625719
575671
549648
56o?%i
-577 681

752
557
380
224
088
974
882
813
768
--747
-7
753
-786

832
638
464
310
176
064
974
907
865
847
805
891

912
720
548
_
395
264
154
Ofi
002
962
947
-958
996

8::
.9

525
606
718
860

632739
716826
830944
976
092
215227
337349
462474
590603
723736
859873
----_
000015
146160
296311
451467
611627
777794
948966
126144
310329
501520
698719
904925
mi%i
339362

847
937
--057

954 062
-047 158
171 285

.3
.2
.l

209
239
361
487
616
750
887
029
175
326
483
644
811
983
162
348
540
739
946
--161
384

326
251
374
500
630
763
901
043
190
342
498
660
828
-001
180
366
559
759
967
183
407

204
324
449
577
709
846
986
131
281
435
595
760
931
108
291
481
678
883
09j
316
5
COT
254

443
264
386
513
643
777
915
058
205
357
514
677
845
019
199
385
579
780
988
205
430

deg.
85.0
.l

::
.2

:;
.6
.5
.4

7.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2

Diff.
11-1:
12-1:
12-1:
12-l)
13-li
13-ll
14-l!
14-l!

6:01
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.I
5.0
leg.

15-1t
15-lt
16-1:
16-l;
17-11
17-l!
18-l!
19-2(
19-2
20-2.
21-2:
22-2:

11
2
I
1453 476
688 713
934 959
189 215
456 483
735 763
-026 056
1331 362
650 683
985 019
337 373
706 744
096 136
506 548
939 984
397 444
1882 932
396 449
942 999
524 585
145 209
809 878
520 594
284 363
107 --193
996 089
959 060

314
I
4991523
737761
984 009
242268
511538
--792821
086116
3931425
716649
054089
409446
783821
176216
591633
-028,074
492539
982 ti8
503556
056113
645706
274339
--_947017
668743
444524
279366
182277
162264

11, 430
664
909
1: 12. 163
.4
429
706
:i
996
13. 300
:Y3
617
.9
951
86.0
14. 301
.l
669
15. 056
:!
464
.4
895
16. 350
::
832
.7
17. 343
886
:i
18. 464
37.0
19. 081
.l
740
20. 446
1: 21. 205
.4 22. 022
904
:5 23. 859
.7 24. 898
25.
007 116 227339
.8 26. 031 150 270 391513
.9 27. 271 402 534 667801
28.
(10)

OF HUNDREDTHS

5
546
785
035
295
566
850
146
457
782
124
482
860
257
-676
119
587
o%t
611
171
768
405
087
819
606
454
-----372
368

617
I
5701593
810834
060 086
321348
594622
879908
177207
4881520
815849
159194
519556
898937
298339
719763
--l&211
636684
135187
665720
-----229287
830892
471538
158229
895972
688770
543632
468564
472577

452 565680
637 761887
937
074213
5

8
617
859
--111
375
650
937
-238
553
883
--229
593
977
380
806
257
773
f&b
775
346
955
605
--301
049
853
722
662
--683

(10) I--

I6411 664
884 909
137 163
402 429
678 706
967 -996
269 300
5851 617
917 951
265 301
631 669
-016 056
422 464
850 895
303 350
782 s32
291 343
830 886
--405 464
018 081
672 740
374 446
127 z
937 022
812 904
760 859
790 898

--796 913 031

014 142 271
352 494
2

.9
.8
.7
.6
.5
.4
.3
.2
.l
4.0
.9
.8
.7
.6
.5

23-1
24-1
25-2
26-1
27-2
28-3
30-3
31-3
33-3
34-3
36-3
37-4
40-4
42-4
44-4

:;
.2
.l
3.0
.9

;;I;
53-5
56-5
60-6

:;
.6
.5
:5
:T

2.0
-- d eg.
0 -

636

COT
For 88 and 89 see the following
two pages.
functions
of decimals of
J.- For a more
7, rextended -,Y table of trigonometric
uegrees, see LteIerence 08.
NOTE-Tables
1015 and 1016 are from Mathematicul
Tables, Reference
45.

0
255

TABLE

TABLE

1016 $~mnued)-TRIGONOMETR~~$UNCTIONS

deg.
88.00
.Ol
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
88.10
.ll
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
88.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
88.30
.31
.32
.33
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
88.40
.41

.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49

28.636
28.780
28.926
29.073
29.221
29.371
29.523
29.676
29.830
29.987
30.145
30.304
30.466
30.629
30.793
30.960
31.128
31.299
31.471
31.645
31.821
31.998
32.178
32.360
32.544
32.730
32.918
33.109
33.301
33.496
33.694
33.893
34.095
34.299
34.506
34.715
34.927
35.141
35.358
35.578
35.801
36 026
36.254
36.485
36.719
36.956
37.196
37.439
37.686
37.935
COT

2.00
1.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
1.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
1.80
.79
.78
.77
.76
.75
.74
.73
:E
1.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
1.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
1.51
deg.

deg.
88.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
88.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
88.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
.78
.79
88.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
88.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99

38.188
38.445
38.705
38.968
39.235
go : Ei
40.059
40.341
40.627
40.917
41.212
41.511
41.814
42.121
42.433
42.750
43.072
43.398
43.730
44.066
44.408
44.755
45.107
45.466
45.829
46.199
46.575
46.957
47.345
47.740
48.141
48.549
48.964
49.386
49.816
50.253
50.698
51.150
51.611
52.081
52.559
53.045
53.541
54 046
54.561
55.086
55.621
56.166
56.723

1.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
1.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
1.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
1.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.ll
1.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
1.01
deg.

deg.
89.00
.Ol
.02
.03
.04
.05
.06
.07
.08
.09
89.10
.ll
.12
.13
.14
.15
.16
.17
.18
.19
89.20
.21
.22
.23
.24
.25
.26
.27
.28
.29
89.30
.31
2;
.34
.35
.36
.37
.38
.39
89.40
.41
.42
.43
.44
.45
.46
.47
.48
.49

1016 (continue&-TAN
AND COT
OF DEGREES
TAN
57.290
57.869
58.459
59.062
59.678
60.306
60.947
61.603
62.273
62.957
63.657
64.372
65.104
65.852
66.618
67.402
68.204
69.026
t; : ;E
71.615
72.522
73.452
74.406
75.385
76.390
77.422
78.483
79.573
80.694
81.847
83.033
84.255
85.512
86.808
88.144
89.521
90.942
92.409
93.924
95.489
97.108
98.782
100.516
102.311
104.171
106.100
108.102
110.181
112.342

COT

deg.
89.50
.51
.52
.53
.54
.55
.56
.57
.58
.59
89.60
.61
.62
.63
.64
.65
.66
.67
.68
.69
89.70
.71
.72
.73
.74
.75
.76
.77
.78
.79
89.80
.81
.82
.83
.84
.85
.86
.87
.88
.89
89.90
.91
.92
.93
.94
.95
.96
.97
.98
.99
90.00

1.00
0.99
.98
.97
.96
.95
.94
.93
.92
.91
0.90
.89
.88
.87
.86
.85
.84
.83
.82
.81
0.80
.79
:77;
.76
.75
.74
.73
.72
.71
0.70
.69
.68
.67
.66
.65
.64
.63
.62
.61
0.60
.59
.58
.57
.56
.55
.54
.53
.52
0.51

OF HUNDREDTHS
TAN
114.589
116.927
119.363
121 903
124.553
127.321
130.215
133.243
136.416
139.743
143.237
146.910
150 776
154.851
159.153
163.700
168.515
173.622
179.047
184.823
190.984
197.570
204.626
212.205
220.367
229.182
238.731
249.111
260.434
272.836
286.478
301.56
318.31
337.03
358.10
381.97
409.25
440.74
477.46
520.87
572 96
636 62
716.20
818.51
954.93
145.92
432.4
909.9
!864 8
i729.6
Infin.

deg.
COT

COT
257

0.50
.49
.48
.47
.46
.45
.44
.43
.42
.41
0.40
.39
.38
.37
.36
.35
.34
.33
.32
.31
0.30
.29
.28
.27
.26
.25
.24
.23
.22
.21
0.20
.19
.18
.17
.16
.15
.14
.13
.12
.ll
0.10
.09
.08
.07
.06
.05
.04
.03
.02
.Ol
0.00
deg.

TABLE

1020-LOGARITHMS

TO

BASE

10

TABLE

.-

456

789
.-

17 21 25 -L
dyy------,-111 0414 0483 0493 0531 0569 0607 Of% 06S20719 0755 4 8 11 -,\151923
12 0793 0826 0864 0899 0934 O!%l) 1001 10381 1072 1106 3 7 10 1417 21
13 1139 1173 1206 1239 1271 13Oj 1335 1367 1399 1430 3 610
1316 19

21
. 33 .17

141 1461 1492 1533 1553 1584 1614 1644 1673 1703 1732 3 6 9
15liGl
1790 1X18/ 1817 1875 1%X3 1933 195!), 19S7 2014 3 6 8
16 2LNl 206s 2095 2122 2148 2175 2201 2227 2253 2279 3 5 8

121518
11 14 17
1113 16

2124 27
20 22 25
18 2124

17 2304 2330 23.55 2380 2405 2430 2456 2480 2504 2539 2 5 7
181 2553 2577 2601 26% 2618 2672 2695 271X 2742 2765 2 5 7

1012 15
9 1214
9 1113

17 20 22
16 19 21
I6 1820

---~--__---1

26 30 3l
24 25 31
2326 29

1 3222 3243 3263 3284 3304 3324 3345 3365 3385 3404 2 4 6
Y2 3424 344413464 3483 3502 3522 3541 3560 3579 359S 2 4 6
23, 3617 3636 3655 3674 3592 3711 3729 3747 3766 3784 2 4 6

8 11 13 _- 15 17 19
8 1012
14 16 18
8 1012
14 1617
7 9 11 131517

24 3802 3820 3838 3856 3874 3892 3909 3927 3945 3962 2 4 5
25 3979 3997 4014 4031 4048 4065 408:! 4099 4116 4133 2 4 5
26 415O 4166 4183 4200 4216 4232 4249 4265 4281 4298 2 3 5

7 9 11
7 9 10
7 8 10

121416
1214 16
1113 16

689
689
679

1112 14
1112 14
10 12 13

679

34 5315 5328 5340 5353 5366 5378 5391 5403 5416 5428 1 2 4
35) 5441 5453 5465 5478 5490 5502 5514 5527 5539 5551 1 2 4
30 5563 5575 5587 5599 5611 5623 5635 5647 5658 5670 1 2 4
37/ 5682
381 5798
39
/ 5911
-,-----p----40i 6021

.5694 6705 6717 5729 5740 5752 5763 5775 5786 1 2 4

58O9 5821 6S32 5843 5S55 .58Cfi 5877 5888 5899
5922 5933 5944 5955 5966 5977 5988 5999 6010

1 2 3
1 2 3 .-

6031 6042 6053 6064 6075 6085 6096 6107 6117

10 11 13
10 11 12
9 1112
9 11 12

568
567
a567

9 10 11
9 10 11
8 10 11

567
567
457

8 911
8 910
8 910
8 910

1 2 3

- 456
456
456
466

789
789
789

6484 6493 6503 6513 6522 1 2 3

6580 65CKl 6599 6609 661X 1 2 3
6675 6684 693 6702 6712 1 2 3

456
456
456

::z
778

1 2 3
1 2 3

z:
446

;;11
678

706i 1 2 3

345

678

345
346
345

877;
667

7332 7340 7348 7356 -----7.364 7372 7380 7388 739fHi1 2 2

-____-

- 345

112

7016 7024 7033 7O42 7050'7039

1 2 3

7101 7110 7118 7126 718 7143 7152 1 2 3

7185 7193 7202 7210 7718 7226 7235 1 2 3
7267 7275 7284 7292 7300 7308 7316 1 2 2

6996 7007
___~~~-~____7084 7093
7168 7177
7251 7259

N/O

_-

a578
578
578

6138 6149 6160 6170 6180 6191 62016212 6222 1 2 3

6243 6253 6%3 6274 6!!W 6294 6304 6314 6325 1 2 3
63S5 f395 6405 6415 642G 1 2 3

6730 6739 6i49 6758 6767 6776 6785 6794 6803

GS21 6830 683!) 6848 6857 WM 6875 6854 6893
6911 6920 6928 6937 6946 69% 6964 697316981
_--~~~__-~

122

45

--

LOGARITHMS

789

Di%.

No.
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04

.oooo
.OlOO
.0198
.0396
.0392

0010
0109
.0208
0305
.0403

.0020
.0119
.0218
.0315
.0411

0030
.0129
.0227
.0325
.0421

.0040
.0139
.0237
.0334
.0431

0050
0149
0247
0344
0440

.0060
.0159
.0257
.0354
.0450

1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09

.0488
.0583
.0677
.0770
.0862

0497
0592
0686
0779
0871

.0607
.0602
.0695
.0788
.0880

0516
.0611
.0705
.0797
.0889

.0526
.0620
.0714
.0807
.0898

0535
0630
0723
.0816

.0545

0554

.0733
.0825
0908 .0917

.0742
.0834

.0751
.0843
.0926 .0935

.0944

1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14

.0953
.1044
.1133
.1222
.1310

0962
.I053
.1142
.1231
.1319

.0971
.1062
.1151
.1240
.1328

0998 .1007

.1026
.1115
.1204
.1293
.1380

.1035
.1124
.1213
-1302
.1389

10-9

:%?
I160
.1249
-1337

.0989
.1080
.I169
.1258
.1345

1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

.1398
.1484
.1570
.1655
.1740

.1406
.1493
.i579
I1664
S748

.1415
.1501
.1587
.1672
.1756

.1424
.1510
-1596
-1681
81765

.1432
.1519
.1604

1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24

.1823
.1906
.1989
.2070
.2151

.1832
.1914
-1997
,207s
.2159

.1840
.I923
.2005
.2086
.2167

,184s
.1931
-2013

1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29

.2231
.2311
.2390
.2469
.2546

.2239
.2319
.2398
.2476
.2554

1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34

.2624
.2700
.2776
.2852
.2927

.2631
82708
-2784
.2859
-2934

1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39

.3001
.3075
.3148
,322l
.3293

:;,,:
,315;
,322s
-3300

1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44

.3365
.3436

1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49

.3716
.3784
.3853

667

The proportional
parts are stated in full for every tenth at the right-hand
side.
The logarithm
of any number of four significant
figures can be read directly by add.

258

1025-NATURAL

:EZ::
.3646

:OL%i

8
0070
0169
0266
0363

.0080
.0178
.0276
.0373
.0459 .0469
.0564

.0639 .0649 .0658

0090
018'8
.0286
.0383
,047s
.0573
.0667
.0760
.0853

.1089
.1178
.1266
.1354

.1098
.1187
.1275
.1363

.1017
.1106
.1196
.1284
-1371

.1450
.1536
.1621
.1706
.1790

.1458
.1544
.1630
.1714
,179s

.1467
.1553
.1638
.1723
.I807

.1476
.1561
.1647
.1731
.1815

9-8
9-8

::t:i

.1441
81527
.1613
.1697
-1781
.1865
.1947
.2029
-2111
.2191

.1873
.1956
.2038
.2119
.2199

.1881
-1964
.2046
.2127
.2207

.1890
.1972
.2054
.2135
.2215

.1898
.1980

:%

.1856
.1939
.2021
.2103
.2183

9-8
9-8
9-8
9-8
8

.2247
.2327
.2406
.2484
.2562

82255
-2335
.2414
.2492
.2570

.2263
.2343
.2422
.2500
.2577

.2271
.2351

.2287
.2367
.2445
.2523
.2601

.2295
.2374
.2453
.2531
.2608

.2303
.2382
.2461

t-7

.2616

8-7

.2639
.2716
.2791
.2867
.2942

-2647
.2723
.2799
.2874
.2949

.2654
.2731
.2807
.2882
.2957

.2662
.2738
.2814

.3016

.3023

2::
.3235
.3307

:%L
.3243
.3315

.3031
.3104
.3177
.3250
.3322

.3038
.3112
.3185
-3257

.3372
.3443
.3514
93584
a3653

.3379
.3450
.3521
.3591
.3660

.3386
.3457
3528
.3598
.3667

.3393
.3464
.3535
.3605
.3674

93723
-3791
-3859
.3927
-3994

:%i
.3866
.3934
.4001

.3736
.3805
.3873
.3941
-4008

.3743
.3812
:E%
.4015

.2279
.2359
.2429 .2437
.2508 .2515
.2585 .2593

.2143
.2223

.2539

.2685
.2761
.2829 .2837
.2904 .2912
.2979 .2986

.2693
.2769

.a045
.3119
.3192
.3264
.3329 .3336

.3053
.3126

.3067
.3141
.3214
.3286
.3358

.3400
-3471
.3542
.3612
.3681

.3407
.3478

.3415
.3485
.3556
.3626

.3750

.3757

.4021

.4028

.2670
.2746

.2889 :~%
.2964 .2971

.3549
.3619
.3688

.2677
.2754

.3060
.3133
.3199 .3206
.3271 .3279
.3343 .3350
.3422
.3492
.3563
.3633
.3695 .3702
.3764

.3771

.3819 .3825 .3832

.3887 .3893 .3900 :Z%;
.3954 .3961 .3968 .3974

260

.4035

.4041

Ei
9-s
9-8

E
9-s

E::

.2844
.2919
.2994

CL-;
z
8-7

TABLE

1020 (con&d)-LOGARITHMS

TO

7552 7559 7597 7fW4 7612 7619 7627 1 1

7657 7664 7672 7679 7R86 7694 7701 1 1
7731 7738 7746 7752 7760 -__7767 7774 1 1
--__-~
7803
7810
7818
7825
7832
-_.___---7839 7846 1 1
7875 7882 7889 7896 7903 7910 7917 1 1
7945 7952 7959 79M 7973 7980 7957 1 1
8014 8021 8028 5035 8041 8048 8055 1 1
8089
8122 112
5156
8189 112
8222
8254 112
8287
8319 112
8351
5382 112
n414
8445 -.112
_.
8476
-.8506 112
8537
8597
8657
74 MiR3 8f39ll 87O4157108716 5722 8727 8733 8739 8745 1 1
75 8i51 57% 5762 5765 5774 8779 5785 5791 5797 8502 1 1
'iti 8808 8514 5820 8326 5831 5537 8842 8848 8854 8859 1 1
77 S56.i 8871 8876 8882 8857 8893 8899 8904 8910 8915 1 1
i5 ,592l 8927 89.X 8938 8943 8'949 8954 896fl 8%5 $971 1 1
i9 5976 8952 ----..-.-I_-8987 8993 5998 9004 9009 9015 9020 W25 1 1
-.-80 !)031 9036 9042 9O47 9053 C@589063 9069 9074 9079 1 I
----------vL-l
81 90% 90110!MQ6 9101 91O6 9112 9117 9122 9128 9133 1 1
W 9138 9143 9149 9154 9159 9165 9170 9175 9180 9156 1 1
83 9191 9196 9201 9206 9212 9217 9222 9227 9232 9238 1 1
84 9?43 9248 9253 9258 9263 9269 9374 9279 92% 9289 1 1
9294 9299 9304 9309 9315 9320 !G25 9330 9335 9.340 1 1
9345 9350 9355 9360 9365 9370 9375 9380 938.59390 1 1

9736 9741 9745 9750 9754 9759 9763 Qi65 9773

!J782 9786 9791 9795 k800 kk k3O9 9814 9518
9827 9832 9836 9841 9845 9850 9854 9559 9863
9872 9575 9851 9836 WI)0 9894 9599 9903 9908
9?K7 9921 99% 99e.7099.34 9939 QQ439948 99R2
99619965 9969 9974 9978 9983 9987 9991 99%
----------

0
0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1
1

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2
2
2
?
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

1
1
1
1
1
1

BASE

10

456

?
,
--

TABLE
7 8

7
!a

345
T
3.4 5
345
i
344
r344 -j
5
6
t
344
-334
5 6 fi
5 5 ti
334
334
5KC i
5 5 fi
334
334
5 5t i
5 5 ti
334
334
6 5 ti
334
45f ,
334 -- 45 f ,-__
i- 4 5 F,-.-334
334
4 56 ,
334
45 e1
234
45: 1
234
4 5 51
233
45 Fi
233
445
233
445
2 3 3 446
233
4 45
233
4__~45
233
445
233
$45
233
945
233
245
23 3 $45
233
$45
233
145
223
344
223
': 4 4
223
34 4
223
344
223
344
223
344
328
344
223
3 44
223
344
223
344
223
3 34
223
334

I:

__

456

r 8 0

ingthe proportional
correspondingtothe

part corresponding
first three figures.

to the fourth
Theremaybe
259

figure to the tabular number

anerrorof
linthelastplace.

1025 (continued)-NATURAL

LOGARITHMS

.4101
.4167
.4233
.4298
.4363

.4114
.4181
.4246
.4311
.4376

7-6
7-6
7-6
7-6
7-6

A421
A485
.4549
.4612
.4675

.4428
.4492
.4555
.4618
.4681

.4434
.4498
.4562
.4625
.4688

.4440
.4504
.4568
.4631
.4694

;I;
7-6
7-6
7-6

.4731
.4793
.4855
.4916
.4977

.4737
.4800
.4861
.4923
.4983

.4744
.4806
.4867
.4929
.4990

.4750
.4812
.4874
.4935
.4996

.4756
.4918
.4880
.4941
.5002

.5032
.5092
.5152
.52l2
.5271

.5088
.5098
.515S
.5218
.5277

.5044
.5104
.5164
.5224
.5283

.5050
.5110
.5170
.5230
.5289

.5056
.5116
.517B
.5235
.5295

.5062
.5122
.5182
.5241
.5300

ss
6

.5324
.5382
.5441
.5499
.5556

.5330
.5388
.5446
.5504
.5562

A336
.5304
.5452
.5510
.5568

.5342
.5400
.5458
.5516
.5573

.5347
.5406
.5464
.5522
.5579

.5353
.5412
.5470
.5527
.55S5

.5359
.5417
.5475
.5533
.5590

6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5

.5608
.5664
.5721
.5777
.5833

.5613
.5670
.5727
.5783
.5839

.5619
.5676
.5732
.5789
.5844

.5625
.5682
.5738
.5794
.58.50

.5630
.568i
.5744
.5800
.5856

5%;;

.5642
.5G98
.5743 .5755
.5805 .5811
.5861 .5867

.5647
.5704
.5761
.5817
.5872

6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5

.5883
.5939
.5994
.I3049
.6103

.5889
.5944
.5999
.6054
.6109

.5895
.5950
.6005
.6060
.6114

.5900
.5955
.6010
.6065
.6119

.5906
.5961
.6OlG
.6070
.6125

.5911
.5966
.6021
.6076
.6130

.5917
.5972
.6027
.6081
.6136

.5922
.5977
.6032
.6087
.6141

.5928
.5083
.6035
.6092
.6146

6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5

.6152
.6206
.6259
.6313
.6366

.6157
.6211
.6265
X1318
A371

.6163
.6217
.6270
x323
.637ti

.6168
.6222
A275
A329
.6382

.6173
.6227
.6281
.6334
.6387

.6179
.6233
.6286
.6339
.6392

.6184
.6238
.6291
.6345
.6397

.6190
.6243
.6297
.6350
.6403

.6195
.6249
.6302
.6355
A408

.6200
.6254
.6307
.6360
.6413

6-5
6-5

1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94

.6419
.6471
.6523
.6575
.6627

.6424
.6476
.6528
A5580
.6632

.6429
.6481
.6534
.6586
.6637

.6434
.6487
5539
.6591
.6642

-6440
.6492
.6544
.6596
.6647

.6445
.6497
.6549
.6601
.6653

.6450
A502
.6554
.G60G
.6658

.6455
.6508
.6560
.6611
.6663

.6461
.6513
.6565
A617
.6668

.6466
.6518
.6570
A622
.6673

1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
-

.6678
.6729
.6780
.6831
.6881

A683
A735
.6785
.6836
.6886

~3689
.6740
A790
.6841
.6891

A694
.6745
.6796
.6846
.6896

.6699
.6750
.6801
.6851
-6901

.6704
.6755
.6806
.6856
.6906

.6709
.6760
.6811
.6861
.6911

.6714
.6765
.6816
.6866
.6916

.6i'lQ
A770
.6821
.6871
.6921

.6724
.6775
A826
.6876
.6926

.4088
.4154
.4220
.4285
.4350

A408
.4472
.4536
.4600
.4662

.4415
A479
.4543
.4606
.4669

.4719
.4781
.4843
.4904
.4965

.4725
.4787
.4a49
.4910
.4971

.5020 .502G
.5080 .5086
.5140 .5146
.52001.5206
.5259 .5265

1.70 A306 1.6312

1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74 .5539 .5545

.5318
.5377
.5435
.5493
.5550

1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79

.5596
.5053
.57lO
.5766
.5822

I .5602
.5659
.5715
.5772
.5828

1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84

.5878
.5933
.5988
.6043
.609&

1.85
1.86
1.87
1.85
1.89

.4OGl
.4128
.4194
.4259
.4324

.4075
.4141
.4207
.4272
.4337

.4081
.4148
.4213
.4279
.4344

.4383
.4447
.4511
.4574
.4637

.4389
.4453
.4517
.4581
.4644

.4395
.4460
.4523
.4587
.4650

.4402
.4466
.4530
.4593
.4656

1.80
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64

.4700
.4762
.4824
.4886
.4947

.4706
.4769
.4830
.4892
.4953

.4713
.4775
.4837
.4898
.4959

1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69

.5008
.5068
.5128
.5188
.5247

.5014
.5074
.5134
.5194
.5253

0
---L--.4055
.4121
.4187
.4253
.4318

1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

261

DE.

8
___.4108
.4174
.4240
.4305
.4370

6
-.4095
.4161
.4226
.4292
.4357

2
-.4068
.4134
.4200
.426G
.4331

No.
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54

_-

E!

ig

EE
6-5
6-5
6-5
6-5
G5
ii

- --

TABLE

1025 (continued)-NATURAL

LOGARITHMS

~l11~1314l5l61~l~19l~l
A931
.7419
.7885
3329
.8755

3.5
3.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

.6981
.7467
.7930
.8372
.8796

.7031
-7514
.7975
&I16
.8838

.7080
.7561
.8020
.8459
.8879

.7129
.76OS
A065
.8502
.8920

.7178
.7655
.8109
.8544
.8961

50-4s
48-46
4544
44-42
42-40

No.
0
------------

Diff.

.9163 .9203 .9243 .9282 .9322 .9361 .9400 .9439 .9478 .9517
.9555 .9594 .9632 .9670 .9708 .9746 .9783 .9821 .9S58 .9895
.9933 .9969 1.0006 1.0043 1.0080 1.0116 1.0152 1.0188 1.0225 1.0260
..0296 1.0332 1.0367 1.0403 1.0438 1.0473 1.0508 1.0543 1.0578 1.0613
..0647 1.0682 1.0716 I:0750 1.0784 1.0818 1.0852 1.0886 1.0919 1.0953

40-39
39-37
37-35
36-35
35-33

7.0 1.9459
7.1 1.9601
7.2 1.9741
7.3 1.9879
7.4 2.0015

1.9473
1.9615
1.9755
1.9892
2.0028

1.9488
1.9629
1.9769
1.9906
2.0042

1.9502
1.9643
1.9782
1.9920
2.0055

1.9516
1.9657
1.9796
1.9933
2.0069

1.9530
1.9671
1.9810
1.9947
2.0082

1.9544
1.9685
1.9824
1.9961
2.0096

1.9559
1.9699
1.9838
1.9974
2.0109

1.9573
1.5713
1.9851
1.9988
2.0122

1.9587
1.9727
1.9865
2.0001
2.0136

15-l
14
14-l:
14-1:
l&l:

..0986
a1314
.1632
..1939
..2238

1.1019
1.1346
1.1663
1.1969
1.2267

1.1053
1.1378
1.1694
1.2000
1.2296

1.1086
1.1410
1.1725
1.2030
1.2326

1.1119
1.1442
1.1756
1.2060
1.2355

1.1151
1.1474
1.1787
1.2090
1.2384

1.1184
1.1506
1.1817
1.2119
1.2413

1.1217
1.1537
1.1848
1.2149
1.2442

1.1249
1.1569
1.1878
1.2179
1.2470

1.1282
1.1600
1.1909
1.2208
1.2499

34-32
32-31
3130
31-29
30-28

7.5
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

2.0149
2.0281
2.0412
2.0541
2.0669

2.0162
2.0295
2.0425
5.0554
2.0681

2.0176
2.0308
2.0438
2.0507
2.0694

2.0189
2.0321
2.0451
2.0580
2.0707

2.0202
2.0334
2.0464
2.0592
2.0719

2.0215
2.0347
2.0477
2.0605
2.0732

2.0229
2.0360
2.0490
2.0618
2.0744

2.0242
2.0373
2.0503
2.0631
2.0757

2.0255 2.0268
2.0386 2.0399
2.0516 2.0528
2.0643 2.0656
2.0769 2.0782

14-I.
14-I:
13-I:
13-11
13-I:

.2528
.2809
.3083
.3350
.3610

1.2556
1.2837
1.3110
1.3376
1.3635

1.2585
1.2865
1.3137
1.3403
1.3661

1.2613
1.2892
1.3164
1.3429
1.3686

1.2641
1.2920
1.3191
1.3455
1.3712

1.2669
1.2947
1.3218
1.3481
1.3737

1.2698
1.2975
1.3244
1.3507
1.3762

1.2726
1.3002
1.3271
1.3533
1.3788

1.2754
1.3029
1.3297
1.3558
1.3813

1.2782
1.3056
1.3324
1.3584
1.3838

29-28
28-27
27-26
27-25
26-25

8.0
8.1
8.2
9.3
8.4

2.0794
2.0919
2.1041
2.1163
2.1282

2.0807
2.0931
2.1054
2.1175
2.1294

2.0819
2.0943
2.1066
2.1187
2.1306

2.0832
2.0956
2.1078
2.1199
2.1318

2.0844
2.0968
2.1090
2.1211
2.1330

2.0857
2.0980
2.1102
2.1223
2.1342

2.0869
2.0992
2.1114
2.1235
2.1353

2.0882
2.1005
2.1126
2.1247
2.1365

2.0894
2.1017
2.1138
2.1258
2.1377

2.0906
2.1029
2.1150
2.1270
2.1389

13-I:
13-1:
13-I:
12-l
12-1

.3863
.4110
.4351
.4586
.4816

1.3888
1.4134
1.4375
1.4609
1.4839

1.3913
1.4159
1.4398
1.4633
1.4861

1.3938
1.4183
1.4422
1.4656
1.4884

1.3962
1.4207
1.4446
1.4679
1.4907

1.3987
1.4231
1.4469
1.4702
1.4929

1.4012
1.4255
1.4493
1.4725
1.4951

1.4036
1.4279
1.4516
1.4748
1.4974

1.4061
1.4303
1.4540
1.4770
1.4996

1.4085
1.4327
1.4563
1.4793
1.5019

25-24
25-24
24-23
24-22
23-22

8.5
8.6
8.7
8.8
8.9

2.1401
2.1518
2.1633
2.1748
2.1861

2.1412
2.1529
2.1645
2.1759
2.1872

2.1424
2.1541
2.1656
2.1770
2.1883

2.1436
2.1552
2.1668
2.1782
2.1894

2.1448
2.1564
2.1679
2.1793
2.1905

2.1459
2.1576
2.1691
2.1804
2.1917

2.1471
2.1587
2.1702
2.1815
2.192s

2.1483
2.1599
2.1713
2.1827
2.1939

2.1494
2.1610
2.1725
2.1838
2.1950

2.1506
2.1622
2.1736
2.1849
2.1961

12-1
12-1
12-1
12-l
12-l

.5041
.5261
.5476
.5686
.5892

1.5063
1.5282
1.5497
1.5707
1.5913

1.5085
1.5304
1.5518
1.5728
1.5933

1.5107
1.5326
1.5539
1.5748
1.5953

1.5129
1.5347
1.5560
1.5769
1.5974

1.5151
1.5369
1.5581
1.5790
1.5994

1.5173
1.5390
1.5602
1.5810
1.6014

1.5195
1.5412
1.5623
1.5831
1.6034

1.5217
1.5433
1.5644
1.5851
1.6054

1.5239
1.5454
1.5665
1.5872
1.6074

22
22-21
22-21
21-20
21-20

9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4

2.1972
2.2083
2.2192
2.2300
2.2407

2.1983
2.2094
2.2203
2.2311
2.2418

2.1994
2.2105
2.2214
2.2322
2.2428

2.2006
2.2116
2.2225
2.2332
2.2439

2.2017
2.2127
2.2235
2.2343
2.2450

2.2028
2.2138
2.2246
2.2354
2.2460

2.2039
2.2148
2.2257
2.2364
2.2471

2.2050
2.2159
2.2268
2.2375
2.2481

2.2061 2.2072
2.2170 2.2181
2.2279 2.2289
2.2386 2.2396
2.2492 2.2502

12-1
ll-lt
ll-If
11-11
11-11

.6094
.6292
A487
6677
.6864

1.6114
1.6312
1.6506
1.6696
1.6882

1.6134
1.6332
1.6525
1.6715
1.6901

1.6154
1.6351
1.6544
1.6734
1.6919

1.6174
1.6371
1.6563
1.6752
1.6938

1.6194
1.6390
1.6582
1.6771
1.6956

1.6214
1.6409
1.6601
1.6790
1.6974

1.6233
1.6429
1.6620
1.6808
1.6993

1.6253
1.6448
1.6639
1.6827
1.7011

1.6273
1.6467
1.6658
1.6845
1.7029

20-19
20-19
19
19-18
19-18

9.5
9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
0.0

2.2513
2.2618
2.2721
2.2824
2.2925
2.3026

2.2523
2.2628
2.2732
2.2834
2.2935

2.2534
2.2638
2.2742
2.2844
2.2946

2.2544
2.2649
2.2752
2.2854
2.2956

2.2555
2.2659
2.2762
2.2865
2.2966

2.2565
2.2670
2.2773
2.2875
2.2976

2.2576
2.2680
2.2783
2.2885
2.2986

2.2586
2.2690
2.2793
2.2895
2.2996

2.2597
2.2701
2.2803
2.2905
2.3006

ll-It
ll-I(
11-11
ll-l(
ll-l(

.7047
-7228
.7405
.7579
,775O

1.7066
1.7246
1.7422
1.7596
1.7766

1.7084
1.7263
1.7440
1.7613
1.7783

1.7102
1.7281
1.7457
1.7630
1.7800

1.7120
1.7299
1.7475
1.7647
1.7817

1.7138
1.7317
1.7492
1.7664
1.7834

1.7156
1.7334
1.7509
1.7681
1.7851

1.7174
1.7352
1.7527
1.7699
1.7867

1.7192
1.7370
1.7544
1.7716
1.7884

1.7210
1.7387
1.7561
1.7733
1.7901

19-18
18-17
18-17
18-17
17-16

.7918
.8083
.8245
,840s
.8563

1.7934
1.8099
1.8262
1.8421
1.8579

1.7951
1.8116
1.8278
1.8437
1.8594

1.7967
1.8132
1.8294
1.8453
1.8610

1.7984
1.8148
1.8310
1.8469
1.8625

1.8001
1.8165
1.8326
1.8485
1.8641

1.8017
1.8181
1.8342
1.8500
1.8656

1.8034
1.8197
1.8358
1.8516
1.8672

1.8050
I.8213
1.8374
1.8532
1.8687

1.8066
1.8229
1.8390
1.8547
1.8703

17-16
17-16
17-16
16-15
16-15

1.8718
1.8871
1.9021
1.9169
1.9315

1.8733
1.8886
1.9036
1.9184
1.9330

1.8749
1.8901
1.9051
1.9199
1.9344

1.8764
1.8916
1.9066
1.9213
1.9359

1.8779
1.8931
1.9081
1.9228
1.9373

1.8795
1.8946
1.9095
1.9242
1.9387

1.8810
1.8961
1.9110
1.9257
1.9402

1.8825
1.8976
1.9125
1.9272
1.9416

1.8840
1.8991
1.9140
1.9286
1.9430

1.8856
1.9006
1.9155
1.9301
1.9445

16-15
15
15-14
15-14
15-14

262

.7227
.7701
.8154
.8587
.9002

.7275
.7747
.8198
.8629
.9042

.7324
.7793
.8242
.8671
.9083

.7372
.7839
.8286
.8713
.9123

TABLE

1025 (continzied)-NATURAL
1

x
10
100
1000
10 000
100 000
1000 000
. . . .

Log,

D .

For a large table of natural

LOGARITHMS
G

2.2607
2.2711
2.2814
2.2915
2.3016

2.3026
4.6052
6.9078
9.2103
11.5129
13.8155
. . .

.I
.Ol
.OOl
.ooo 1
.ooo 01
.ooo 001
. . .

logarithms,

263

Log,

see Ref. 55d.

3.6974
6.3948
5.0922
iTj.7897
ii?.4871
mS45
. . .

TABLE
X

1030-EXPONENTIAL

AND

Sinh x

e4

ez

HYPERBOJXC

FUNCTIONS

Cosh x

Value

Log,,

Value

Value

LogI

Value

Log,,

0.00

l.m

1.oocil

o.oooo

--cI)

1.coOo

.ooooo

0.01
0.02
0.03

1.0101
1.0202
1.0305

.oocao
-.00434
St0869
.01303

~ .99OQ5
.980!20
.97045

0.0100
0.02co
0.0300

.C%Ql
.30106
.47719

l.GQOl
l.OcQ2
Loo05

.00002
.oom9
.ooom

.OOOOO
.01000
.O%Xil
.02999

0.04
0.05
0.06

1.0408
1.0513
1.0618

.01737
.02171
.02606

36079
.95123
.94176

0.0400
0.0509
0.0600

60218
.69915
.77841

1.0008
1.0013
1.0018

.ooo35
.ooiJ54
A0078

.03998
.04!E%
.05993

0.07
0.08
0.09

1.0725
1.0333
1.0942

.03040
.03474
.03909

.93239
.92312
.91393

0.0701
0.0801
0.0901

.84545
.9x55
.95483

1.0025
1.0032
1.0041

.00106
.00139
.00176

a6989
.079x3
.08970

0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13

1.1052
1.1163
1.1275
1.1388

a343
.90484
a4777
-.89583
.05212
.8X692
.05646
.87810

0.1002
0.1102
0.1203
0.1304

.COO72
.04227
.08022
.11517

1.0050
1.0061
1.0072
1.0935

.&'I217
.00?62
.00312
.00366

.09967
.I0956
.I1943
.12927

0.14
9.15
0.16

1.1503
1.1618
1.1735

.06080
A6514
.06949

86936
A6071
.85214

0.1405
0.1506
0.1607

.14755
.I7772
.!m597

1.0098
1.0113
I.0128

SO424
.00487
a0554

s3909
.14889
.1%X5

0.17
0.18
0.19

1.1353
1.1972
1.2092

A7383
.07817
.08252

.84366
.83627
.82696

0.1708
0.1810
0.1911

.23254
Xi762
.28136

1.0145
1.0162
1.0181

.CQ625
.007GQ
.00779

.16338
.17308
.18775

0.20

1.2214

.OS(iXG

.81873

0.?013

30392

1.0201

.00863

.19738

0.21
0.22
0.23

1.2337
1.2461
1.2536

.0910
.09534
.09989

.81038
:EZ
r

0.2115
0.2218
0.2320

.32541
.34592
x555

1.0221
1.0243
1.0266

.OO951
.01043
.01139

.20697
.21652
.22603

0.24
0.25
0.26

;2727
'
1:2969

.10423
.10857
.11292

.78663
.77880
.77105

0.2423
0."5%
0.~6~9

.38437
.40245
.41986

1.0289
1.0314
1.0340

.01239
.01343
.01452

.2&550
.24492
.25430

0.27
0.28
0.29

1.3100
1.3231
1.3364

.11726
A2160
.12595

.76338
.75X8
.74H"6

0.2733
0.2337
0.2941

.43663
.4x52
.46841_

1.0367
1.0395
1.0423

.01564
.01681
.01801

26362
.2i291
.28213

~0.30

1.3499
.~

.13029

0.3045

.48X2

1.0153

.019%

.29131

0.32
0.31
0.33

I.3634
1.3771
1.3910

.I3897
S3463
.11x2

.72615
.73345
.i1892

0.3255
0.3150
0.3360

.!a254
.49330
.52637

1.0316
1.0134
1.0549

.02187
.om54
.02323

.31852

0.34
0.35
0.36

1.4049
1.4191
1.4x3

.I*4766
.lS!OO
.15635

.71177
.704G9
.69768

03466
oxi

0.3678

.53981
.B52!10
.5G564

1.0584
l.OG19
l.OG55

.02463
.oxo7
.0?755

.32743
.3X38
.34521

0.37
0.38
0.39
__0.40

1.4477
1.4623
1.4770

.x069
.lti503
.16937

.69073
.68X86
ST7706

0.3785
0.3892
0.4000

.57807
.59019
AmAO2

1.0692
l.Oi31
1.0770

.02907
.03063
.03222

.35399
36271
.37136

1.4918

.17372

067032

0.4108

.61.358

1.0811

.03335

.37995

0 41
0.42
0.43

1.50G8
1.5220
1.5373

.17806
.I8240
.1%75

.66365
.65705
.65051

0.4216
0.4325
0.4434

.62488
.63594
X4677

1.0352
1.0895
1.0939

.0,3552
.03723
.03&W

.38847
.39693
.40532

0.44
0.45
0.46

1.5527
1.5683
1.5341

.19109
.19543
.19978

.64404
.63763
.63128

0.4543
0.4653
0.4764

.65738
A6577
.67797

1.0984
1.1030
1.1077

.04075
.0425G
a4441

.41364
.421W
.43008

0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50

1.6ooO
1.6161
1.6323
1.6487

20112
20846
.21280
~~-.
.21715

.6?500
.61878
~ 61263
60658

0.4575

.63797
.69759

1.11!?5
I .lli4
1.12!!5
1.1276

.04630
.04822
.05018
Ah5217

.43820
.44GX
.45422
A6212

xiii-

0.4!M

-dL!k
0.<5098
0.5211

264

.716W

TABLE

1030 (continued)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

T:%,l
a

:iEf

ez

e-2

Value

I4Ll

0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53

l.G487
1.66.53
1.68XJ
1 A989

i:E
0.56

AND

Sinh x

HYPERBOLIC

Cosh m

Value

Value

Log,,

Value

wiho

21715
.22149
.2"583
.23018

A0653
___
.600%
.59452
.58X60

0.5211
---0.5324
0.5438
0.5552

.71692
.72624
.73540
94442

1.1276
1.1329
1.1333
1.14.38

.05217
.05419
.056%
ma34

-__.46212
469%
.47770
A&538

1.7333
1.71m
1.7507

.2x%6
.2X52
.24320

.57693
.58275
.57121

0.5732
0.5666
0.5897

.76204
.75330
.77065

1.1494
1.1551
1.1609

XI6262
.06046
Al6481

.49299
.50052
.50798

0.57
0.58
0.59

3.7683
1.7360
l.t?&IO

.24755
251x9
25623

..56553
.56990
55433

0.6014
0.6131
0.6248

.77914
.78751
.79576

.ffi703
.06929
.07157

.515X
..5267
1
.5zKJo

0.60

1 1.8221

26058

1 .54881

1 0.6367

1.1669
1.1739
- 1.1792
.8039U 1 1.1355

.07389

I -- .53705

A1194
.81937
.82770

.076?4
.07361
.08102

s-413
.55113
.55805

0.6485

0 6605
0.6715

1.1919
1.1984
1.!2051

.83543
A4308
&x63

1.2119
1.2188
1.2258

D3346
.085!JR
.03343

.564%3
.57167
d7836

.29Q98 I .51171 I 0.7213

.29532
..50662
0.7336
29966
.50158
0.7461

A5809
A6548
37273

1.2330
1.2402
_--.1.2476

.09095
.09351
.096O!J

.53498
.59152
.5!J798

2.0359
2.1170
2.1383

.32138
.32572
.m

.47711
.47"37
.46767

0.8094
0.83"3
0.8353

.90817
.91m4
92185

1.2865
1.2'9&7
1.3030

.10942
Sl2lli
.11493

.62915
.63515
.84108

0.77
0.78
0.79

2.1598
2.1815
2.2o.Q

.33441
.x%75
34309

.46301
.45841
X1884

0.8484
0.8615
0.8743

.!I2859
.!JX27
.!Hl!K)

1.3114
1.3199
1.3286

64693
.65271
A5841

0.80
.__
0.x1
0.82
0.83

-~2.2255
2.2479
2.2705
2.8933

34744

..I4933

0.8881

34816

1.3374

.11773
.xX055
.1234346
_.1"627

35178
.%612
.36046

.44486
A4013
.43605

O.JOlB
0.9150
0.9286

.9.5498
.%a44
.96734

1..3464
135.55
1.3647

A2917
.132O!J
.13503

.66959
A7507
.6x048

0.84
0.85
0.86

2.3X4
2 3396
2:X32

.36481
.36915
.37349

.43171
.42741
A2316

0.9423
0.9.561
0.9700

.974m
.98051
.98677

1.3740
1.3835
1.3932

AZ800
A4099
.14400

.68rBl
.69107
.6966
-

0.87
0.88
0.89

2.3369
2.4109
2.4351

.37784
38213
28652

.41895
.41478
.41066

0.9840
0.9981
1.01?8

29299
.!%Jl6
.00528

1.4029
1.4128
1.4229

.14704
.15009
.15317 _-

0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93

2.4596
2.4843
2.5093
2.5345

.39087
.39521
.39?I65
A0389

.44x57
:EE
.394;5

1.0265
1.0409
1.0554
1.0700

.01137
.Oli41
.02341
.02937

1.4331
1.4434
1.4539
1.4645

.1<5627
.15939
.lfz54
.x570

.70137
.70642
.71139
~.716X
.72113
.72590
.73059

2.5357
2.5600

.40824

28063

Oi6

2.6117

0.66

1.8965
1.9155
1.9343

.27795
.28229
.28663

0.67
Oh8
0.69
-~~~

1.9542
1.9739
1.9937

0.74
0.75
0.76

.52729
.52205
I .51685

0.6846
o.ti967
I o.'iOcKJ

A6404

1.09!)5
1.0847

.04119
.03.5:30

1.4862
1.4753

.17208
.X338

.73'978
.73522

1.1144

.04704

1.4973

.17531

.74428

TABLE

1030 (continued)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

AND

HYPERBOLIC

TABLE

ez

Value

LogI

I.

1.00

1030 (continued)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
e-2
I Value

AND

Sinh x
Log,,
I Value

HYPERBOLIC
Cosh x

Tanh :
I Value

Value

Log,,

2.zkw4
2.3i38
2.3955
2.4174

.37151
.37545
.37939
A38334

.90515
.90694
93870
.91042

1.01
1.02
1.03

2.7183
2.745fi
2.7732
2.8011

.434tt9
.438fx
.4429S
A4732

.36788
.x422
.36o(jo
.35701

l.li52
1.1907
1.2063
1.2220

.07011
.07580
.os146
.08708

1.5431
1.5549
1.5669
1.57w

.18839
.19171
.x15)504
.1(3839

.76159
.7ti576
.7(i987
.77391

1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53

4.4817
4.5267
4.5722
4.6182

.65144
.65578
A6013
.66447

.22313
.22091
.21871
.21654

;::fg '
2.2008

.32823
.33303
.33781
.34258

:E

2.8577
2.8292

.45fxl
.45167

I 35345
.34yo4

I 1.2539
1.2379

.09825
.09268

1.6038
1.5913

.20515
.20176

.78181
.77789

1:06

2.8864

.46035

.34G46

1.2700

JO379

1.6164

.20&55

.78566

1.54
1.55
1.66

4.6646
4.7115
4.7588

.66881
.67316
.67750

.2X38
.21225
.21014

2.2251
2.24%
2.2743

3473.5
.35211
a5686

2.4395
2.4619
2.4845

AS730
.39126
.39524

.91212
.91379
.91542

1.07
1.08
1.09

2.9154
2.9447
2.9743

.46470
.46904
.4733S

1.2862
1.3025
1.31sKl

so930
x479
.12025

1.6292
1.6421
1.6552

.21197
Am41
.218%

.78!+46
.79320
.7%88

1.57
1.58
1.59

4.8066
4.8550
4.!9037

.681S4
.6X639
.69053

.20805
.20398
.20393

2.2993
2.3245
2.3499

36160
.3fx33
.37105

2.5073
2.5305
2.5538

.399x
.40320
40719

.91703
.91860
.92Q15

1.10

3.C042
3.0344
3.0649
3.0957
3.1268
3.1582
3.1899

.47772
.48207
.48641
.4w75
.49510
A9944
.503i8

1 ..?356
1.3524
1.3693
1.3Sti3
1.4035
1.4208
1.4382

.12569
.1:1111
.13(;49
.14186
A4720
.1525Y
.15783

la85

.22233

AGQ50

1.60

4.9530

.69487

.20190

2.3756

.37577

2.5775

1.6320
1.6956
1.7093
1.7233
1.7374
1.7517

.22582
.2X)Sl
.23283

A0406
.80757
.81102

.41119 --

92167

1.11
1.12
1.13
114
1.15
1.16

.34301
.339fio
-- .33622
.33287
.32956
.3m?S
.32.303
.31082
.316M
.31349

1.61
1.62
1.63

5.0028
5.0531
5.1039

.6W21
.70356
.707w

29989
.19790
s9593

2.4015
2.4276
2.4540

.3SO48
.3S518
.38987

26013
ZE

.415!?Q
.41921
A2323

92316
.92462
.926o)(i

.2363fi
.zSWO
.2434ti

.81441
.81i7R
.82104

1.64
1.65
1.6G

;:~~;~
5.5593

.71224
.71659
.72093

I A9398
A'3205
.19014

I 2.4806
2.5075
2.5346

.3X56
.39923
A0391

2.6746
2.6995
2.7247

.42725
A3129
.43532

.9?747
.SJYIui
.93022

1.17
1.18
1.19

3.2220
3.2544
3.2871

.50812
.51247
.51681

.31037
.30728
30422

1.455s
1.4735
1.4914

.I6311
.X836
.17360

1.7662
1.7808
1.7957

.24703
.25062
.25422

1.67
1.68
1.6!)

I 5.3122
5.3656
5.4195

.72527
.72!)61
.733X

.18825
.18637
.184X

2.5620
2.58'36
2.6175

.40857
.41323
.41788

2.7502
2.7760
2.8020

.43937
A4341
a747

1.20

3.3201

.52115

.30119

1.5095

.17882

1.8107

.25784

.82427
.82i45
.83058
__.-A3365

5.4739

.73830

.18568

2.6456

.42253

2.8283

A5153

1.21
1.22
1.23

3.3535
3.3872
3.4212

.52550
.52984
.53418

.29820
.29523
.29229

1.5276
1.54fa
1.5645

.I8402
.78X0
.19437

1.8258
%iz
. .

.26146
.m510
.X876

.83ti68
.839fj5
.84256

-~
1.71
1.72
1.73

.93155
.93286
__..x%415
.93541

5.5290
5.5845
5.MO7

.7421X
.746!)9
.75133

JSO87
.17!)07
.17728

2.6740
;:;!g

.42717
.43180
.43643

2.8549
2.8818
2.ww

A5559
.45966
A6374

.93665
.937%
.93906

1.24
1.25
1.26

3.4.556
3.4'&3
3.5254

.53853
.54287
.54721

.28938
I .2Sfxo
.28365

1.5831
I 1.6019
1.6209

s9951
.!24?464
.20975

1.8725
1.8884
1.9045

.27242
.27610
.27979

.84546
A4828
.85106

1.74
1.75
1.76

5.6973
5.7546
5.8124

.75567
.76Om
.7M36

.17*5R3
.liX7
.liOJ
.

2.7609
2.7WP
2.8202

44105
.445fi7
.45Q28

2.9364
2.9G42
2.992!2

&782
.4il!U
.47f%9

94023
.91138
94250

1.27
1.28
1.29

3.5609
3.5966
3.6328

.55155
.55590
.56024

.28083
.27804
.27527

1 .fxoo
1.6593
1.6788.

.21485
21993
.224W

1.9208
;mi;

.28349
.?8721
.29093

.85380
mi;;

1.77
1 78
1.79

5.8709
5.9299
5.!%!)5

.76870
.77x@
.77739

.17033
.I6864
.166%

2.8503
2.88oci
2.9112

.45488
.45948
.46408

3.0206
3.0492
3.0782

.48009
.4841!)
.48830

1.30

3.6693

.56458
3.7062 ' .5f3393
3.7434
.57327
3.7810
.57761

.27253
.26982
26714
.26448

1.6984
:%z
117583

.2m4
.23507
.24009
.24509

1.9709
1.9880
2.0053
2.0228

.29467
.29842
.30217
.30x94

.66172
.86428
.86678
.8ti925

1.80

1.31
1.32
1.33
::ii
1.36

3.8190
3.8574
3.8962

.58630
.58195
.59064

1.77%
1.7991
1.8198

.25008
.25505
.26002

2.0404
2.0583
2.0764

A:~56
30972
.31732

.87167
.87405
.X7639

1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86

6.U406
-~__
6.1104
6.1719
6.2339
6.2%5
6.3598
6.4237

1.37
1.38
1.39
____
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43

3.9354
3.9749
4.0149

.59498
.5%33
.60367

.25411
.25158
.24908

1.84oG
1.8617
1.8829

.264X
.269!)0
.27482

2.0947
2.1132
2.1320

.32113
.32495
X878

.87X69
.X8095
.88317

1.87
1.88
1.80

4.0552
4.0x0
4.1371
4.1787

A0801
.61236
.61670
.62104

.246fX
.24414
.24171
.23931

19043
1.9259
1.9477
1.9697

27074
.08464
.28952
.29440

2.1509
2.1700
2.1894
2.2090

.33262
--___
.33fx7
.34033
34420

.88535
.X8749
.8896G
.89167

1.44
1.45
143

4.2207
4.2fZ%l
4.3060

.6253S
.63973
.6344X

.23603
.23457
.23224

1.9919
2.0143
2.0.369

.29926
.30412
.308'j6

2.2288
2.2488
2.2691

.34807
.35196
.355S5

.89370
.8956!~
.89765

1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50

4.3492
4.3929
4.4371
4.4817

.6.X41
.6427fi
.64710
.Gci144

.22993
.22764
.22537
~ .22x3

2.0597
2.0327
2.1059
2.1293

.313i9
.318W
.32343
.X823

2 28%
X3103
2.3312
2.3524

.35976
.3f%%7
.x759
.37151

.89958
.90147
9332
La0515

266

1.70

2.1293

.78173

.16.5.30

2.9422

.46867

3.1075

.40241

94681

.78607
.790x)42
.79476
.79910
a0344
&I779

.lm35

2.97.34

.47325
.47783
.48241

3.1371
3.1669
3.1972

.4X82
.5oof34
.50476

.94783
.94884
34983

.I5882
.15724
.15567

3.0689
3.1013
3.1340

.48(X)8
.4!3154
.41KilO

3.2277
3.2585
3 .i"897

.50889
.51302
.51716

.9.5080
.95175
.95268

6.4883
6.5535
6.61'94

.81213
.81647
.X208>

S5412
.15259
.15107

3.1671
3.2005
3.2341

.50066
.50321
.%I976

3.3212
3.3530
3.3852

.52130
.52544
.52959

.95359
.95449
.95537

1.90

6.6859

.82516

3 2689i

.51430

3.4177

.53374

.95624

1.91
1.92
1.93

6.7531
6.8210
6.8895

.82X%
.83385
.83819

.14808
.X661
.14515

3.3025

3.3722

.51884
.52338
.52791

3.4506
3.4838
3.5173

.53789
.54205
.54621

.95709
.95792
.95873

::ii
1.k

6.9588
7.0387
7.0!?93

.84687
A4253
.83122

A4227
s4370
s4086

3.4432
3.4075
3.4792

.536%
A3244
.54148

3.5855
3.5512
3.6201

A5455
.55038
A5872

.95953
93032
Al6109

.140577

3.33i2

267

TABLE
X
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
?.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2 42
2.43
2.44
245
3.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50

1030 (continued)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
e=
Value
7.3891
7.4633
7.5383
7.6141
7.6906
7.7679
7.3460
7.9248
80045
8.0849
8.1662
8.2482
8.3311

LO&o
.86859
.87293
.87727
.88162
.88596
.89x0
.89465
.89899
.90333
.905ti8

.91!?02
.9X36
.92070

8.4149

.92505

8.4994
85849
8.6711
8.7583
8.8463
8.9X52
9.0250
9.1157
9.2073

.92939
.93373
.93808
Ax?42
.94676
.95110
.95545
.95979

9.2999

9.3933
9.4877
9.5831
9.6794
9.7767
9.8749
9.9742
10.074
10.176
10.278
10.381
10.486
10.591
10.697
10.805
10.913
11.023
11.134
11.246
11.359
11.473
11.588
11.705
11.822
11.941
12sl61
12.182

A96413

.96848
97282
A)7716
.98151
.98585
.99019
99453
.99888
m322
.00756
.01191
.01625
.02059
.02493
.02928
.03362
.037x
04231
St4665
.0509Y
.05534
A5968
Jx402
A6836
.07271
.07705
.081X)
.08674

Sinhx
Value
LO&
.13534
.13399
.13266
A3134
.I3003
A2873
.12745
.12619
.12493
.12*36Y
.12246
s2124
.12003
.11884
.11765
.ll(i48
.1x33
X418
.1x304
.lll!,Z
.I1080
.10970
.I0861
.10753
.lc646
so540
.10435
*lo331
.10228
.10127
.10026
A9926
.09827
.09730
A9633
.09537
.09442
.09348
.OY255
.09x3
.0'907?
.0697sZ
.08892
.08804
.08716
.08629
.08543
.08458
.08374
.082X
.08"08

3.6269
3.6M7
3.7028
3.7414
3.7803
3.8196
3.8593
3.8993
3.9398
3.9806
4.0219
4.0635
4.1056
4.1430
4.1909
4.2x2
4.2779
4.3221
4.3666
4.4116
4.4571
4.5030
4.5494
4.5(962
4.6434
4.6912

4.7394
4.7880
4.8372
4.8868
4.9370
4.9876
5.0387
5.0903
5.1425
5.1951
5.2483
5.3020
5.3562
5.4109
5.4662
K5221
5.5785
5.6354
5G929
5.7510
5.8097
5 8689
5.R288
5.9rjea
fi.0502
2c;s

AND

EYPERBOLIC

TABLE

Cosh x

Value

55953
3.7622
.5G403 -3.7987
.56853 3.8355
.57303 3.8727
-57753 3.9103
.58202 3.9483
.58650 3.9867
.59099 4.0255
.59547 4.0647
.59995 4.1043
60443 xl443
4.1847
A0890
.61337 4256
.61784 4:(i(i9
.622X
4.3085
.G2C77 4.3507
.G3133 4.3932
.63x569 4.4362
.64015 4.4797
.64460 4.5236
4.5679
x4905.65360 4.6127
.R57Y5 4.8580
.66240 4.7037
.66684 4.7499
4.79G6
.67128
4.8437
.675'i"&
.68016 4.8914
4.9395
68459
.68993 4.9881
5.0372
69346
.69789 6.0868
.7023!! 5.1370
.70675 5.1876
.71117
.71559 E%
.72002 5.3427
.72444 5.3954
.72885 5.4487
.73327 53x6
.73769 5.5569
.74210 5.6119
.74652 5.6674
.75093 5.72%
.
.75534 5.7801
.75975 5.8373
.76415 5.8951
.76856 5.9535
.772'9G 6.0125
.77737 LO721
.78177 Ti.1383

Log,.
.5754-I
.57963
.58382
.58802
.59221
.59641
.Goo61
A0482
.60903
.61324
.61745
.62167
.62589
.63011
.6.X33
.63856
.64278
.64701
X5125
.65548
.65972
Ax396
.fXi820
.67244
67668
.G3093
.68518
.68943
.69X8
.69794
JO219
.70645
.71071
.71497
.71923
.72349
.72776
.73203
.73630
.74x6
.74484
.74911
.75338
.7576G
.76194
.76621
.77049
.77477
.779m
.78334
.7876J

lanh :
Value

96403
.YG473
.96541
.w!J
AI6675
.96740
.Y&W3
.96865
.Yfmii
MY86
.97045
97103
.97159
.!I7215
.97209
.97323
.973i5

%Z r
.97526
.97574
.97G22
.97668
.Y7714
.97759
.97803
.97846
.97888
.97929
. c9i970
.YSOlO
.98049
.98087
.98124
.98161
.98197
.982X3
.98267
.98301
.Y8335
.Y8367
.98100
.98431
.98462
.Y8492
.98522
.98551
.98579

.08607
.98635
.Yh(iFl

1030 (cotik.ed)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS
Value

ez

Log,,

-2.60 -_ 12.182 .08574

2.51

E
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59 -2.60 -2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69 -2.70 -2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80 -2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89 -2.90 -2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2 95
2%
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00

12.305
12.429
12.554
12.680
12.807
12.Y36
13.066
13.197
13.330
13.464
13.599
13.7.36
13.874
14.013
14.154
14.296
14.440
14.585
14.732
14.880
15.029
15.180
15.333
15.487
15.643
15.m
15.959
16.119
16.261
16.445
16.610
16.777
16.945
17.116
17.288
17.462
17637
17.814
17.993
18.174
18.357
18.541
18.728
18.916
19.106
19.298
19.492
19.688
19.886
20.086

AND

HYPERBOLIC

e4

Sinh x

Value

Value

-.08208- _6.0502

.0900x)08 .08127 .illS

.08046
6.1741
.09442
.09877
.07966
6.2369
.07887
.10311
Et%
.10745 .07808
6.4293
.11179
.07730
.07&M
.11614
6.4946
.07577 6SO7
.12048
.07502
S2482
F.KZ74
.07427_ - F.6947
.12917
F7628
.13351
.Oi353
6.8315
A3785
.07!!80
.14219
.07208 6.'9008
.14654
6.9709
.07136
.15088
7.0417
.07065
.15522
7.1133
.06w
A5957
.OGY25 7.1854
.16391
7.2583
.06856
.16825
AI6788 7.3319
.172m
.06721 - 7.4063
7.4814
.17694
.W654
.18128
Al6587 7.5572
7.6338
.18562
.06522
.18997
.06A57 7.7112
.19431
7.78Y4
Al6393
.19865
7.8683
A6329
220300 SK266
7.9480
.20734
8.0285
.06204
.21168
.0+.X42-- 8.1098
.21602
.OfiOSl 8.1919
.22037
8.2749
.06020
.22471
8.3586
.O.ml
.22905
8.4432
A5901
.23340
8.5287
.05843
.23774
8.6150
.05X4
.24208
8.iO21
.05i27
.24643
.05c,70 8.7902
.25077
.05613
8.8791
.25511
.05358 .- 8.9689
25945
.fl5m .- 9.0596
.26380
.0X48
9.1512
.26X4
.053$x3 9.2437
.27248
.05340
9.3371
.27683
.05287
9.4315
.28117
.062M
'3.5268
.28551
.0X82
06'73i
I. 1
.28985
.05130
9.7203
.29420
.05079
9.8185
.29854
.05029 - 9.9177
30288
a4979
10.018
c

269

Log,,

.78177
.78617
.71)057
.79497
.79937
A0377
80816
.81256
.816'35
.82134
.82573
.83012
x3451
.838!xl
A4329
.84768
A%5206
.85645
A6083
.86522
.86Iwio
.87398
.8783G
.88274
.88712
.8Y150
.89588
.9CQ26
M463
M9Ql
.91339
.91776
.92213
.92G51
.93088
.93525
.93963
.94400
.!%837
.95274
.95711
.96148
96584
.97021
.97468
.978!)5
.98331
.987fi8
.99205
.99641
A0078

Gosh x

Value

6.1323
6.1931
62545
6:3X%
6.3793
6.4426
6.506G
6.5712
6.6.X5
6.7024
6.7690
6.8363
6.!M43
63729
7.0423
7.1123
7.1831
72.546
7.3268
7.3998
7.4735
7.5479
7.6331
7.6991
7.7758
7.8533
7.9316
8.0106
8.0905
8.17:2
8.2527
8.3351
8.4182
8.5022
8.5871
8.6728
8.7594
8.84G9
8.9352
9.0244
9.1146
9.2056
9.29i6
9.3905
9.4844
9.5791
9.6749
9.7716
9.8693
9.9680
10.068

w30
.78762
.79191
.98688
.79619
.98714
SC048
.98739
.80477
.98764
.8o9of3 SW88
.813X1 .98812
.81764
.98835
.82194
.98a558
.82623
.98881
.83052
.9890x)3
.83482
.98924
A3912
.98946
.84341
.989(X
A4771
.98987
.85201
.99007
A5631
.9!xJ26
SO61
.9w45
.86492
.99064
86'922
39083
.87352
.99101
.87783
A99118
.88"13
.99136
.88644
m153
.89074
29170
.89506
.9918G
.899X
.9Y202
.90367
AI9218
90798
29233
.91229
LB248
.9166~ _~
.99263
~.92091
.99278
.92522
29292
Am53
.993o(i
.93385
.99320
.93816
99333
29340
.94247
.9933
94679
.95110
.9YX2
.993si
.95542
.9939lHi
.95974 __.99408
.%405
.Y9420
.'X837
.9w31
.97269
.994&3
.97701
.99-m
.98133
.Y8565 .99xi4
.99475
.98997
.Y9485
.99429
.994Y6
99861
.YY505
.00293

TABLE

1030 (cunGn~d)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

AND

HYPERBOLIC

TABLE

Value

ez

Log,,

e-2
Value

Sinh x
Value
Loglo
-

3.00
3.05
3.10
3.15
z
3.30
3.35
3.40
3.45
3.50
3.55
3.60
3.65
2;s
3:80
3.85
g
4.00
4.10
f :E
4.40
4.50
4.60
4.70
4.80
4.Qu
6.00
6.10
6.20
6.30
ES
Cl:60
5.70
6.80
6.W
6.00
6.26
6.60
6.76
7.00
7.60
8.06
8.50
9.00
9.60
LO.00

20.086

21.116
22.198
23.336
24.633
26.790
27.113
28.503
*
ZEE
33.115
34.813
36.698
38.476
40.447
42.621
44.701
46.993
49.402
61.936
64.698
8.340
66.686
73.700
81.461
90.017
99.484
109.96
121.61
134.29
148.41
164.02
181.27
200.34
221.41

.302t%
.32460
34631
a803
38974
.41146
A3317
.45439
.47&O
.49832
.62003
.54176
.6&346
.6&517
.60689
.62866
.65032
.67203
.69375
.71.546
.73718
.78061
A2404
A6747
.91oQfl
.96433
.99776
.04118
.OIxGl
.12804
.17147
.214QO
.25833
30176
34619

270.43
244.69
298.87
330.30
366.04
403.43
518.01
666.14
854.06

:EE
.47548
.51891
.X%4
60577
.71434

1096.6
1808.0
2981.0
49i4.8
8103.1
13360.
22026.

.04008
.26721
.474x
.69160
90865
.12.580
.34!!94

.8?2!Jl

.93149

.04X9
.04736
.04606
A4286
.04076
.03877
.03688
.03508
.03337
.03175
.03020
.02872
.02732
.026QQ
.02472
.02,1r,2
~32237
.02128
.02024
.01926
.01832
.01657
.01500
.01357
.01227
.Ollll
.01005
.OQQlO
.00823
so745
A0674
.00610
.00552
SJQ4'99
A0462
.oil409

10.018
10.634
11.076
11.647

12.246
la.876
13.538
14.234
14.QG5
15.734
16.543
17.392
18.286
19.224
20.211
21.249
22.33Q
23.486
24.691
26.968
27.290
30.162
.3x%36
36.843
40.719
46.003
49.737
54.969
60.761
67.141
74.203
82008
PO.633
100.17
110.70
122334
135.21
.OCWO
149.43
so335
166.16
.00303
182.52
.00274
201.71
.00?48
.00193
269.01
332.67
.00150
427.03
.00117
648.32
.oooQl
904.02
.ooo55
1490.5
.oilo34
2457.4
.ooo20
4061.6
.00012
6679.9
.oOOOi
.oc@O5 11013.
270

.WO78
.02269
.04440
-06620
.08799
.10977
.13155
.x332
.17509
.19085
.218Cfi
.24036
26211
.28386
33669
.327.33
34907
.37081
.39254
.41427
.43600
.47946
.62291
..56036
.60986
A5324
.6Q668
.74012
.78365
.826Q9
.a7042
.9x%6
.95729
BOO74
AM416
.08758
.13101
s7444
.21787
.26130
30473
.41331
.62188
.630-16:
.73cQil3
.95618
.17333
.39Q47
.60X2
.82477
.04191

10.068
10.681
11.122
11.689
12.287
12.915
13.575
14.269
14.999
15.7M
16.673
17.421
18.313
19.250
20.236
21.272
22.362
23.507
24.711
26.977
27.308
30.178
33.361
36.857
40.732
45.014
49.747
54.978
60.759
67.149
74.210
82.014
90.63Q
loo.17
110.71
122.35
135.22
149.44
165.16
182.62
201.72
269.01
332.67
427.03

m293
--.99506
.02454
.99562
.04616
99695
.06779
.99633
.08943
.99668
.11108
.99700
.13273
99728
.15439
99754
.17606
99777
.19773 .- .99799
.a1940
.99818
24107
.99835
.26275
.99851
.99865
.2a444
.99878
a612
.99889
.32781
34961
.m
.99909
.37120
99918
.392w
.99920
.41469
.QQ933
.43629
.99945
.47970
.99956
.62310
.99983
A%652
.99970
A0993
.65336
.99975
99980
.69677
.99983
.74019
.!%I986
.78X1
.82704
.99989
.8704G - .99991
.99993
.91389
.99994
.!I5731
.Oco74 .99996
.99996
a4417
.99997
.08760
.99997
.13103
.99QQ8
.17445
99998
.21788
26131 - 99998
30474 - 99999
.999w
.41331
.62189
.63046 ::ii%

548.32
904.02
1490.6
2457.4
4051.6
0679.9
11013.

:EZ
I7333
.39047
60762
m477 -_
.04191
-

x
1
z
%

1030 (continued)-EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTIONS

ecz
j
1 0.367879

II
1 11 1

0.135335
0.049787
0.018316
6.7379 x 1O-3

12
13
14

2.4788
9.1188
3.3546
1.2341
4.5400

:i

X 1OW
X 1OW
X 1OW
X 1O-4
,
10
x 10-S
ez
1.00100
O.iOl
0.002
1.00200
0.003
1.00300
0.004
1.00401
0.005
1.00501
0.006
1.00602
0.007
1.00702
0.008
1.00803
0.009
1.00904
Tnt,ernolation
for the
i

:i

AND

HYPERBOLIC

ez
5.9874
1.6275
4.4241
1.2026
3.2690
8.8861
2.4155
6.5660
1.7848
4.8517

X
X
X
X
X
x
X
X
x
x

104
lo6
lo6
lo8
IO6
106
lo7
lo7
10s
10

1.6702
6.1442
2.2603
8.3153
3.0590
1.1254
4.1399
1.5230
5.6028
2.0612

e-n
X
k
x
x
x
X
x
x
-2
X

1C-6
1OW
10-0
10-7
10-7
IO-
10-s
10-8
10-l
10-S

ii
e-*
0.99900
0.99800
0.99700
0.99601
0.99501
0.99402
0.99302
0.99203
0.99104
last two cs umns can be done by inspection.

For tables of exponential

and hyperbolic
functions,
see
References 30, 55b and 55~.
Note. For large values of x use ez = natural anti-logarithm
of z, which may be obtained from a table of natural logarithms.
When 3: is large, subtract multiples of 2.3026 from 2. Note
also that
e-% = l/e2
sinh 2 = +(ez - Ed)
cash II: = $(ez + eez)
e2%- 1
tanh x = ~
e2z + 1
=l-;~+-&$+....
The quantity e* is equal to the common anti-logarithm
of
0.4342945 x. For example, if x = 7, 0.4342945 X 7 = 3.04006.
The common anti-logarithm
of 0.04006 is 1.0966 and that oi
3.04006 is 1.0966 X lo3 = 1096.6 = e7. Also, -3.04006 = -4
+ 0.95994 = 4.95994. The common anti-logarithm
of 0.9599-l
is 9.1188 and that of a.95994 is 9.1188 X 1O-4 = e-, as in the
table. This is useful chiefly where a 7-place logarithm table is
used, to obtain accuracy.
NorE.-Tables
Tables.

1020 and 1030 are from

271

The Macmillan

Mathematical

TABLE

1040-COMPLETE

ELLIPTIC

INTEGRALS

lC = Cl2 4 (1 - ~$0 sin2VP) [See

1.649
1.656
1.663
1.670
1.678

CO
50.5

52.5
53
53.5

1.686
1.694
1.703
1.712
1.721

1.585
1.583

1.731
1.741

1.588
1.591
1.595

:
3

::;i:
1.775

1.598
1.602
1.606
1.610
1.615

1.620

1.631
1.625
1.636
1.643

:
7
6

1.571

1.571
1.572
1.573

:
1

1.574
1.575
1.577
1.578
1.551

i
1

TABLE

kz.5
52

1.787
1.799
1.812
1.826
1.840

t
5

1.936
1.945
1.954
1.963
1.973

ii.5

THE

FIRST

KIND

7731

2.228
2.244
2.259
2.275
2.292

72.0
72.2
72.4
72.6
72.8

2.600
2.610
X:%Y
2.641

77;::

2,903
2.917
2.932
2.947
2.963

2.309
2.326
2.344
2.362
2.381

73.0
2.4
73:6
73.8

2.652
2.663
2.674
2.685
2.697

78.0
78.2
78.4
78.6
78.8

2.979
2.995
3.011
3.028
3.044

74.0
74.2
74.4
74.6
74.8

2.708
2.720
2.732
2.744
2.756

79.0
E
79:6
79.8

3.062
3.079
3.097
3.116
3.134

77.0
77.2
77.4

65
G5.5

iii.5

1.983
1.993
2.003
2.013
2.024

55
55.5
56
56.5
57

2.035
2.046
2.057
2.069
2.080

67.5

iii.5

2.400
2.420
2.440
2.461
2.482

57.5

2.092
2.105
2.117
2.130
2.143

70.0
70.2
70.4
70.6
70.8

2.505
2.514
2.523
2.532
2.541

75.0
75.2
75.4
75.6
75.8

2.768
2.781
2.793
2.806
2.819

80.0
80.2
80.4
80.6
80.8

3.153
3.173
3.193
3.213
3.234

2.157
2.170
2.184
2.199
2.213

71.n
71.2
71.4
71.6
71.8

2.551
2.560
2.570
2.580
2.590

76.0
76.2
76.4
76.6
76.8

2.833
2.846
2.860
2.874
2.888

81.0
81.2
81.4
81.6
81.8

3.255
3.277
3.299
3.322
3.346

E5
59'
59.5

1.854
1.869
1.885
1.901
1.918

G2.5
F3
63.5

OF

goo.5
ii.5
62

1040 (continued)-COMPLETE

E5
67'

z.5

ELLIPTIC

INTEGRALS

OF THE

FIRST

KIND

-2.0
;:;

3.395
3.382
3.370

if

2:

3.420
3.407

13
:x

2.5
37
2:8
2.9

3.433
3.459
3.446
3.473
3.487

:w
::
13

::z1

3.515
3.500

::

E
3:4

3.529
3.543
3.558

:2
15

E
3:7
3.8
3.9

3.573
3.588
3.604
3.620
3.636

16
15

3.652

16

3.668
3.685
3.702
3.720

:::

4:2
1.:
4.3
84.4

::
16

::

84.5
84.7
84.8
84.9

3.738
3.756
3.774
3.793
3.812

85.0
85.1
85.2
85.3
85.4

3.832
3.852
3.872
3.893
3.914

85.5
85.6
85.7
85.8
85.9

3.936
3.958
3.981
4.004
4.028

86.0
86.1
86.2
86.3
86.4

4.053
4.078
4.104
4.130
4.157

86.5
8&.6
86.7
86.8
86.9

4.185
4.214
4.244
4.274
4.306

84.b

::

87.0
87.1

4.339
4.372

33
35

::
20

%I
87:4

4.444
4.407
4.481

87.5
87.6
87.7
87.8
b7.9

37
39

10
12
14
16
18

5.617
5.658
5.700
5.745
5.791

41
42
45
46
49

39 50
51
52
53
54

7.226
7.332
7.449
7.583
7.737

106
117
134
154
182

4.520
4.561
4.603
4.648
4.694

42
41
45
46
49

PO
22
24
26
28

5.840
5.SQl
5.946
6.003
6.063

51
55
57
60
65

55
56
57
58
53

7.919
8.143
8.430
8.836
9.529

224
287
406
693

88.0
88.1
86.2
88.3
88.4

4.743
4.794
4.848
4.905
4.965

51
54
57
60
65

30
32
34
36
38

6.128
6.197
6.271
6.351
6.438

69
74
80
87
95

0:

2;
28

88.5
88.6
88.7
88.8
88.9

Ed:
5:173
5.253
5.340

E
80
87
95

40
41
42
43
44

6.533
6.584
6.639
6.696
6.756

51
55
57
60
65

29

89

5.435
5.469
5.504
5.540
5.578

34
35
36
38
39

45
46
47
48
49

6.821
6.890
6.964
7.044
7.131

69
74
80
87
95

::
::
22
22
z;
2
ii

cl
32
33

0
2
4
6
8

89

30

For values of B greater than about

89' 50' it is often better to use series
773.3 than to interpolate from tables.

TABLE

1045-NORMAL

PROBABILITY

-2-J
--z e-t2/z&
d (2K)

.-

.0239
.1034
.1819
.2586
.3328

.0319
.1113
.1897
.2661
.3401

.0399
.1192
.1974
.2737
.3473

A478
.1271
.2051
.2812
.3b45

.0558
.1350
.2128
.2886
.3616

.0638
.1428
.2205
.2961
.3688

.0717
.1507
.2282
.3035
.3759

79-S{
78-7!
76-72
73-7t
70-74

-3829
-4515
-5161
-5763
-6319

.3899
.4581
.5223
.5821
.6372

.3969
.4647
.5285
.5878
.6424

.4039
.4713
.5346
.5935
.6476

.4108
.4778
.5407
.5991
.6528

.4177
.4843
.5467
.6047
.6579

.4245
.4907
.5527
.6102
.6629

.4313
.4971
.5587
.6157
.6680

.4381
.5035
.5646
.6211
.6729

A448
A098
.5705
.6265
.6778

67-7(
63-66
58-6:
b4-51
49-b:

.6827
.7287
-7699
-8064
-8385

.6875
.7330
.7737
.8098
.8415

.6923
.7373
.7775
.8132
.8444

.6970
.7415
.7813
.8165
.8473

.7017
.7457
.7850
.8198
.8501

.7063
.7499
.7887
.8230
.8529

.7109
.7540
.7923
.8262
.8557

.7154
.7580
.7959
.8293
.8584

.7199
.7620
.7995
.8324
.8611

.7243
.7660
.8029
.8355
.8638

44-41
39-4:
34-31
30-S
26-3f

98664
.8904
-9109
.9281
.9426

.8690
.8926
.9127
.9297
.9439

.8715
.8948
.9146
.9312
.9451

.8740
.8969
.9164
.9328
.9464

.8764
.8990
.9181
.9342
.9476

.8789
.9011
.9199
.9357
.9488

.8812
.9031
.9216
.9371
.9500

.8836
.9051
.9233
.9385
.9512

.8859
.9070
.9249
.9399
.9523

.8882
.9090
.9265
.9412
.9534

22-21
19-2:
16-l!
13-lt
11-l:

2:4

.9545
.9643
.9722
.9786
.9836

.9556
.9651
.9729
.9791
.9840

.9566
.9660
.9736
.9797
.9845

.9576
.9668
.9743
.9802
.9849

.9586
.9676
.9749
.9807
.9853

.9596
.9684
.9756
.9812
.9857

.9606
.9692
.9762
.9817
.9861

.9615
.9700
.9768
.9822
.9865

.9625
.9707
.9774
.9827
.9869

.9634
.9715
.9780
.9832
.9872

9-l
7-9
6-7
4-6
4-b

;:i
2.7
2.8
2.9

.9876
.9907
.9931
.9949
.9963

.9879
.9909
.9933
.9950
.9964

.9883
.9912
.9935
.9952
.9965

.9886
.9915
.9937
.9953
.9966

.9889
.9917
.9939
.9955
.9967

.9892
.9920
.9940
.9956
.9968

.9895
.9922
.9942
.9958
.9969

.9898
.9924
.9944
.9959
.9970

.9901
.9926
.9946
.9960
.9971

9904
.9929
.9947
.9961
.9972

3-4
2-3
l-2
l-2
1

2
3:2
3.3
3.4

.9973
.9981
.9986
.9990
.9993

.9974
.9981
.9987
.9991
.9994

.9975
.9982
.9987
.9991
.9994

.9976
.9983
.9988
.9991
.9994

.9976
.9983
.9988
.9992
.9994

.9577
.9984
.9988
.9992
.9994

.9978
.9984
.9989
.9992
.9995

.9979
.9985
.9989
.9992
.9995

.9979
.9985
.9990
.9993
.9995

.9980
.9986
.9990
.9993
.9995

O-l
o-1
O-l
O-l
O-l

.9995
.9997
9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9997
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9996
.9998
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9997
.9998
.9998
.9999
.9999

.9997
.9998
.9998
.9999
.9999

O-l
O-l
o-1
0
0

.9999 1.0000 ?.OOOO1.0000 1.0000

O-l

:Y
:32
.4

1.5
1::

1:9
t:
;:;

3.5
3.6
?i
3:9

4.0 .9999 .9999

- Fcr a large table
Functions,
Vol. II,
istration for the City
Standards.

[See 5851

.OOOO .OOSO .0160

.0797 .0876 .0955
I585 .1663 .1741
.2358 .2434 .2510
-3108 .3182 .3255

0
12
-- ---------__-

INTEGRAL

.9999 .9999 .9999

Diff.

of 15 decimal places, see Ref. 55e, Tables of Probability

A. N. Lowan, Technical Director, Work Projects Adminof New York, 1942, sponsored by the National Bureau of

275

TABLE
1050-BESSEL
FUNCTIONS
For tables of Bessel Functions of real arguments see References
her x + i bei 1: = J&+i)
= l&&)
ber z

TABLE

1050 (continued)-BESSEL

FUNCTIONS

ber x

bei x

bcr x

bei x
-4.904641
-5.483 505

12 and 50
X

-~~
5.1
5.2

-6.610653357
-6.980346403

-0.346663218
-0.865839727

-3.758900943
-3.G26966748

2
5.5

-7.334363435
-7.667394351
-7.973596451

-l.444260151
-2.084
516 693
-2.788980155

-3.444527187
-3.206356389
-2.907031958

-6.089232
-6.719859
-7.372913

E
5.'S
2:

-8.246575962
--8.479372252
-8.064445263
-8.S58315966
-8.793666753

-3.559746593
-4.398579111
-5.306844640
-6.285445623
-7.334746541

-2.540959318
-2.102401197
-1.585512696
-0.293079Q67
-0.984382394

-8.733 576
-5.045365
-9.433 252
-10.139 389
-10.846224

-8.756062474
-8.549080413

--8.454495
-9.643 739286
269

i-O.494289242
f1.383522213

-12.234815
-11.547179

6.3

-8.508 792 593

-10.900736825

+2.3SO248360

-12.900 779

E:i
,.

-7.866890928873
-8.276249

-13.606512001128
-12.222863

+4.717382 012
+3.489851325

-14.129423
-13.535755

6.6

-7.328687885

-15.046992991

+6.067462487

-14.670413

g.;
69
7.0

-6.649176464
-5.815515115
-4.814556200
-3.632930243

-18.073623609
-16.538424538
-19.643 992365
-21.239402580

+7.544180362
+9.150973359
+10.890503759
+12.764522560

-15.146266
-15.543406
-15.847109
-16.041489

7.1
7.2

-2.257144280
-0.673695379

-22.848078597
-24.456479797

f14.773723174
+16.917584633

-16.109484
-16.032856

T.2
7x

+1.130799653
+3X9457312
f5.454962184

-26.049183639
-27.608770523
-29.115711867

-j-21.600120535
-l-19.194204342
f24.130124710

-15.792207
-15.367001
-14.735602

+7.999382494
+10.813965476
911711

-30.546262965
-3l.SS2302359
-33.091639670

+26.777064473
+29.531637360
+32.382176399

-13.875334
-12.762551
-11.372739

;; .

+17.2931?7645
f13.908
+20.973905611

-36.016725165
-34.146833958

$38.311325701
+35.314428336

-9.680623
-7.6GO318

!:3
8.3
8.4
8.5

t24.956880800
t29.245214796
+33.839 755432
+38.738422 961
+43.935 872 751

-35.667OSO514
-36.061119681
-36.159400Al6
-35.919 829830
-35.297700300

+41.352754078
f44.41531G908
+47.472094831
+50.492416438
+53.441618430

-5.285490
-2.529555
+0.634098
+4.231841
$-Lx.289519

-34.245760640
-32.714319308
-30.6513S7879
-28.002867538
-24.712783168

+56.280822496
+58.9GG717374
+61.451354516
+63.681960575
+65.600770999

+12.832116
+17.883387
f-23.465444
+29.598302
+36.299384

-20.723569533

$67.144889467

+43.582976
+51.459634
-1-59.935547
+69.011 850
+78.683888

bei x

ber x

bei x

+1.0
+0.999998438
+0.999975000
+0.999873438
+0.999600004
+0.999023464

+0000250000(
+O:OOQ 999 97:
+0.022499684
t-O.039 99822:
+0.062 493 21t

-:000062500
-0:ooo 499 999
-0.001687488
-0.003 999911
-0.007812076

fE.049 999974
to.099 999 i67
+J.149 993 672
+0.199 973334
+0.249918621

+0.997975 114
+0.996248828
+0.993 601138
+0.989751357
$0.984381781

t0.089 97975C
i0.12244893E
+0.159 88623C
+0.20226936:
+0.24956604C

-0.013498481
-0.021433 032
-0.031988623
-0045536553
-0:062445752

+0.299 797507
+0.349562345
+0.39914675E
+0.448462528
+0.497396511

:::

$0.977137973
+0.967629156
+0.955428747
+0.940075 057
+0.921072 lS4

+0.301731268
f0.35870442C
+0.42040596E
+0.486733 934
+0.557560062

-0.083081791
-0.107805642
-0.1369721G9
-0.170928334
-0.210 011 017

f0.545807563
+0.593 523499
+0.640338102
+0.68GOOS176
+0.730250674

1.fr
:.;
1:s
3.c

+0.897891139
SO.869971237
+0.836721794
+0.797524167
+0.7517341s3

+0.632725677
+0.712037292
+0.795 261955
+o.sF32122341
+0.972291627

-0.254544G38
-0.304838207
-0.361182125
-0.423844516
-0.493OG7125

+0.772739922
/0.813104947
f0.850926951
+0.885736950
+0.917013613

2.1
2.2

+0.698685001
+0.637690457
-to.568048926
+0.489047772
+0.399968417

+I.065388161
+1.160969944
t-1.258528975
+1.357485476
+1.457182044

-0.569060755
-0.652000244
-0.742018947
-0.839202 721
-0.943583409

+0.944181339
+0.966608614
+0.983 606691
+0.994428643
+0.998268S47

+0.300092090
+0.158706304
+0.065112108
-0.071367826
-0.221380249

+I.556877774
+I.655742407
+I.752850564
+I.847 176116
+1.937556785

-1.055131815
-1.173 750173
-1.299264112
-1.431414136
-1.5G9846632

+0.994262944
+0.981488365
fO.9M3965456
f0.925659305
fO.880482324

-0.385531455
-0.564376430
-0.758407012
-0.968038995
-1.193598180

+2.022 S39 042

+2.101573388
+2.172310131
1-2.233445750
+2.283249967

-1.714104430
-1.863616954
-2.017GSQ 996
-2.175495175
-2.336059130

+0.822297688
f0.749923691
f0.662139131
+0.557669801
to.435296178

-1.435305322
-1.093259984
-1.967423273
-2.257599466
-2.563416557

+2.319863 655
/2.341297714
f2.345 433 061
f2.330021882
f2.292690323

-2.498252527
-2X60778962
-2.822163 850
-2.980743427
-3.134653964

i-0.293 662421
j-0.131486760
-0.052526621
-0.259 654097
-0.491137441

E
9:b

+49.423084977
+55.186 932 099
+61.209725224
+67.468740848
+73.935729857

9.1

+80.576411145

-2.884305732
-3.219479832
-3.567910863
-3.928306621
-4.299086552

f2.230942780
j-2.142167987
f2.023647OGQ
+I.872563796
fl.686017204

-3.281821353
-3.419951224
-3.546519744
-3.658765300
-3.753 681326

-0.748166860
-1.031862169
-1.343251997
-1.653 250947
-2.052634662

;:;
9.4
9.5

+94.208443358
+87.349
952 674
+101.096359718
$107.950031881

-15.976414197
-10.411661917
-3.969285324
$3.410573282

+68.246178293
+68.831185381
+6X821113743
+68.131S40035

-4.678356937
-5.063855587
-5.453076175
-5.842 942442
-6.230OS2479

f1.461036 836
f1.194600 797
to.883 656 854
to.525146 811
tO.llG034382

-3.828010348
-3.878239739
-3.900599216
-3.891060511
-3.S45339473

-2.452 013
-2.881799
-3.342181
-3.833 085
-4.354141

9.6
9.7
9.8
9.9
10.0

+114.697114173
+121.256066255
f127.535651521
+133.434460 262
+13X840465 942

$11.786984 189
+21.217531SlO
+31.757530896
+43.4.59 152 933
+50.370458554

$88.940434
+66.673989017
+99.762S55
+64.353071286
+61.069692033
f111.124240
f56.719 839 030 +122.988479
+135.309302
+51.195258394

2
0
0.:

0.:
::I
0.:
0.f
0.i
;.r
1:;
1.1
1.:
1.:

E
2:5
22:;
22.:
3:b
3.1
3.2
3.3
::i

2.1
t.2
:.i
i:5
:7
h3
L.9
5.0
-

2
7.5

8.6
S.7

-For x up to 20, see Ref. 45 snd 51.

277

276

TABLE

1050 (continued)-BESSEL

FUNCTIONS

TABLE

1050 (conlinued)-BESSEL

ker x
ker x

kei x

$2.420m*7* 0
+I.7331427
+1.3372186
+1.0626239
f0.8559059

-0.7853982
-0.7768506
-0.7581249
-0.733 1019
-0.7038002
-0.6715817

-9.96;9593
-4.9229485
-3.2198652
-2.3520699
-1.8197998

+:.I45 9748
+0.2229268
+0.2742921
-j-o.3095140
$0.3332038

d-0.6931207
iO.5613783
-to.4528821
-to.3625148
$0.2867062

-0.6374495
-0.6021755
-0.5663676
-0.5305111
-0.494 9946

-1.4565386
-1.1909433
-0.9873351
-0.8258687
-0.6946039

+0.3481644
+0.3563095
+0.3590425
+0.357443 2
+0.3523699

::t

-to.222844 5
iO.1689456
-to.1234554
+0.0851260
$0.0529349

-0.4601295
-0.4261636
-0.3932918
-0.361664 8
-0.3313956

-0.5859053
-0.4946432
-0.4172274
-0.3510551
-0.2941816

+0.3445210
$0.3344739
+0.3227118
+0.3096416
+0.2956081

:.t
1:s
a::

+0.0260299
+0.0036911
-0.0146961
-0.0416645
-0.0296614

-0.3025655
-0.2752288
-0.2494171
1 -0.2251422
-0.2024001

-0.245 114 7
-0.2026818
-0.1659424
-0.134 1282
-0.1066010

+0.2809038
+0.2657772
+0.2504385
t-O.2350657
$0.2198079

2;

-0.0583388
-0.0511065

cs
2:5

-0.0636705
-0.0673735
-0.0696880

-0.1811726
-0.1614307
-0.1431357
-0.1262415
-0.1106961

-0.0828234
-0.0623373
-0.044 7479
-0.0297123
-0.0169298

+0.2047897
+0.190113 7
+0.1758638
+0.1621069
$0.1488954

2;

-0.070973 6
-0.0708257

~~
3:o

-0.0702963
-0.0689390
-0.0670292

-0.0964429
-0.0834219
-0.0715707
-0.0608255
-0.0511219

-0.0061358
+0.0029043
+0.010 399 0
+0.0165342
$0.0214762

-CO.1362689
i6.1242558
f0.112 874 8
+0.102 1362
+0.0920431

i::

-0.0619848
-0.0646786

1.2
3:5

-0.0590329
-0.0558966
-0.0526393

+0.0253738
-to.0283603
+0.0305554
-to.0320662
-to.0329886

t-O.0825922
+0.0737752
+0.0655794
+0.0579881
+0.0509821

::;

-0.0459717
-0.0493156

E
4:o

-0.0426469
-0.039373 61
-0.03617885

-0.0112311
-0.0070767
-0.0034867
-0.00041081
+0.00219840

$0.0334087
+0.0334030
+0.0330400
+0.03238046
+0.03147849

+0.0445394
f0.0386364
+0.0332480
+0.02834832
+0.02391062

2:;
243

-0.03308440
-0.03010758
-0.02455689
-0.02726177

4:5

-0.02199988

$0.00438582
+0.00619361
+0.00766127
to.00882562
+0.00972092

+0.03038179
+0.02913242
$0.02776730
$0.02631868
+0.02481454

$0.01990804
+0.01631367
+0.01310084
+0.01024331
-to.00771543

i:;

-0.01734441
-0.01959503

+0.01037886
+0.01082872
+0.01109740
+0.01120953
+0.01118759

$0.02327908
+0.02173300
+0.02019391
-to.01867661
+0.01719340

+0.00549226
+0.00354976
+0.00186478
+0.00041522
-0.00081998

i-;:a
i.2
i5
0.6
i.i
0:9
1.0
1.1 I
::i

2::
5.0

-0.01330490
-0.01524819
-0.01151173

ker x

1 -0.0423955
-0.0345823
-0.0276197
-0.0214463
-0.0160026

FUNCTIONS

ker x + i kei z = K&d,)

kei z

kei x

--

--

-0.00986474
-0.00835911
-0.00698928
-0.00574913
-0.00463216

+0.01105201
+0.01082128
+0.01051206
$0.010139 29
$0.00971631

i-0.01575436
f0.01436757
f0.01303935
to.01177446
tO.01057633

-0.00186079
-0.00272605
-0.00343349
-0.00399969
-0.00444016

-0.00363156
-0.00274038
-0.00195158
-0.00125812
-0.00065304

+0.00925496
t-O.00876572
+0.00825774
+0.00773902
$0.00721649

+0.00944717
i-0.00838818
f0.00739967
f0.00648121
tO.00563171

-0.06476928
-0.00500041
-0.00514584
-0.00621689
-0.00522392

22

-0.00012953
+0.00031905
+0.00069912
+0.00101683
$0.001278080

+0.00669606
+0.00618275
+0.00568077
+0.00519358
+0.004723992

f0.00484957
f0.00413275
f0.00347886
+0.00288523
+0.002348995

-0.00517637
-0.00508283
-0.00495105
-0.00478803
-0.004600032

::;
6.8
6.9
7.0

to.001488446
+0.001653215
+0.001777354
+0.001865512
+0.001922022

+0.004274219
+0.003845947
+0.003440398
$0.003 058385
+0.002700365

+0.001867130
+0.001436521
+0.001053999
+0.000716382
+0.000420510

-0.004392632
-0.004170782
-0.003938849
-0.003700651
-0.003459509

$0.001950901
+0.001955861
+0.001940312
+0.001907373
+0.001859888

+0.002366486
+0.002056629
+0.001770454
+0.001507429
+0.001266868

+0.000163267
-0.000058386
-0.000247403
-0.000406628
-0.000538787

-0.003218285
-0.002979421
-0.002744978
-0.002516671
-0.002295904

+0.001800431
+0.001731326
+0.001654654
+0.001572275
+0.001485834

+0.001047959
+0.000849790
+0.000671373
fO.000511664
+0.000369584

-0.000646478
-0.000732165
-0.000798170
-0.000846677
-0.000879724

-0.002083800
-0.001881234
-0.001688855
-0.001507120
-0.001336313

-to.001396782
+0.001306386
+0.001215743
+0.001125797
+0.001037349

+0.000244032
+0.000133902
+0.000038090
-0.000044491
-0.000114902

-0.000899210
-0.000906891
-0.000934388
-0.000893190
-0.000874656

-0.001176 567
-0.001027888
-0.000 890 168
-0.000763209
-0.000646733

+0.000951070
+0.000867511
+0.000787120
+0.000710249
+0.000637164

-0.000174175
-0.000223306
-0.000263248
-0.000294910
-0.000319153

-0.000850022
-0.000820407
-0.000786819
-0.000750159
-0.000711231

-0.00054039E
-0.000443 813
-0.000 356543
-0.000278127
-0.00020807S

+0.000568055
+0.000503046
+0.000442203
+0.000385540
+0.000333029

-0.000336788
-0.000348579
-0.000355236
-0.000357420
-0.000355 743

-0.000670745
-0.000629326
-0.000587517
-0.000545789
-0.000504544

-0.000145903
-0.000091093
-0.000 043145
-0.00000155E
+0.00003415E

f0.000284604
+0.000240168
+0.000199598
+0.000162751
+0.000129466

-0.000350768
-0.000343010
-0.000332940
-0.000320983
-0.000307524

-0.000464122
-0.000424806
-0.000386830
-0.000350379
-0.000315 597

+O.OOO 064485
+0.000089 887
+O.OOOllO 817
+O.OOO 127 684
+o.ooo 140914

5.6
5.7
:.i
6:0
6.1
6.2
6.3

8.1
8.2
8.3
2
8.6
8.7
Iti?
9:o
i:;
ifi
9:s
9.6
9.7
Et:
1o:o
-

See Report of the British Assoc. for the Advancement

p. 56; 1915, p. 36, and 1916, p. 122.
278

kei x

ker x

279

of Science, 1912,

TABLE

1050 (cotiinud)--BESSEL

TABLE

FUNCTIONS

ber, z + i bei, z = J,(mdi)

1050 (continued)-BESSEL

= il,(zdi)

her,, z = 2 ber. r

herb x

r
;

berl x

beil x

hen x
-0.395868
-0.997078
-1.732 64
-1.869 25
+0.359 78

-0.476664
-0.720532
-0.635 99
-5.797 91
-7.876 68
-2.317 2
+21.6735
+72.054 3
+131.879

berz x

y;,

;1

-22:889 0
-65.869 2
-111.779
berJ x

-0:282 63
-2.094 35
-6.430
-12.876
-15.420
+3.166
+72.2.53

-0.124 675
-0.479225
-0.89102
-0.72536
+1.422 10
+7.432 44
+17 59" 4
+25:4389
MJ;",
8

04
5
4
6

her, x
-0.002 60
-0.04097
4$m; 4;
-0:628 67
+0.6483
f6.083 5
+19.09s 7

+0.015 629
$0.144 210
;yg
;;
+2:454 41

-22 5i5 0
-54:535 7
-81.423
beid x
-0.000
-0.008
-0.093
-0.499
-1.727

-l-O.235 45

-4.2202
-7.11:; !l
-52S8':
+14:082
+70.500

98
10
-

+1.s30 5

+2.2200
:E~
76
+5:504
-24.511
1050 (cotiinuec&-BESSEL

FUNCTIONS

beis x

+1:975 73
+2.049 97
56
0
1
2

+0.039433
+0.093575
+0.072 00
-0.914 09
-2.922 76
-5.74781
-6.249 2
+3.979 6
f38.354 6
f104.463

-0.248047
-0.437789
-0.28647
:%:I

heir x
+0.048634
$;.;;;
2;s

I;:.;;;

-0.740322
-0.230806
-0.049 898
$0.0053513
f0.012 7374

-0.241996
-l-O.080049
+0.080270
+0.0391660
+0.011577 8

10.887604
iO.287983
+0.100178
+0.0226900
-0.0023183

+0.794742
+0.073632
-0.038005
-0.0369283
-0.0183664

+0.00767609
+0.00274359
+0.000322857
-0.00035578
-0.00032280

+0.00028835
-0.002 14890
-0.001566 97:
-0.00065005
-0.00012352

-0.00592041
-0.003 66046
-0.001352 33f
-0.00018534
+0.00015819

-0.00561266
+0.00015661
+O.OOO 985 181
t-O.00074845
+0.00032135
keiz x

2
i
5
;

:
10
r

-3.0711
-1.9219
$7.703 5
+34.545
+80.465

:
4
5
!
5

kers x

keir x

kei, x

+0.418 03
+0.261472
t-O.128391
+0.0481342
+0.011183 7

3-1.884 20
f0.309 001
+0.036804
-0.017 937 6
-0.0180649

-0.14146
-0.154871
-0.107070
-0.0555456
-0.0216669

-4.120 77
-0.528809
-0.116579
-0.0149418
+0.0080460

-0.0010883
-0.00291045
-0.00181991
-0.00068340
-0.00010128

-0.0090937
-0.00282051
-0.00014965
+0.00047720
-+-O.OOC37064

-0.0052689
-+0.00041105
+0.00133470
+0.00086310
+0.00033585

-to.0082552
+0.00426537
t-o.00137373
+0.00010203
-0.000 215 04

kert x

-0.01040
-0.08056
-0.234 32
-0.323 71
f0.248 34
$z
i
+17:319 5
+19.140
-12.148

z
4
5

kerzx
r

beid x

ken z

98
10
-

96

-35:563 4
-7.513

keit x

-+1:073 55
+0.695 57
-2.498

kes x

38:

j-8.368 74
+11.015 1
+1.300 6
-38.5516
-121.987

1:
280

beij z
-0.00087
-0.011 00
-0.02832

ker, x + i kei, x = PK,(zdQ

+0.041623
;;!8
$;.;;;

- i .454
- 12.493
-32.589
-50.963
-28.840

ber.6 x

-0.000 18
-0.004 84
-0.02554
-0.033 53
$0.21143

$g;':
;
-18:619
-58.722
TABLE

berr x
1.7
30
02
85
62

+5:8664
-37.1080
-132.087

hers x

beit x

$0.013 788
-tJJ;g f332

g.gm;

z5

+0.212036
-0.305845
-1.364 13
-2.792 83
-3.327 80

bert x

beiz x

+0.010411
t-O.165279
+0.80837

$"4:E

4
5

beil x

beis x

FUNCTIONS

kei, x

ken x

+4.887 27
+0.29F3022
-0.036451
-0.052Oill
-0.0292829

-6.269 71
-0.886821
-0.236018
-0.0605182
-0.0076852

-16.289 7
-0.850418
-0.080360
+0.0177012
$0.0224355

-0.0114499
-0.0027072
+0.00026767
+0.0037205
+0.0004563

+0.0045115
+0.0044646
+O.O022(i332
+0.0007148
+0.0000473

281

-to.0129247
+0.0052126
+0.00129232
-0.0000944
-0.0003273

keir x

+0.0921085
+0.0252930
+0.0034050
-0.0019770
-0.002 02980
-0.001 059 0
-0.0003479

TABLE
TABLE

1050 (continue&-BESSEL

FUNCTIONS

kerr x
-47.753 1
-2.774 90
-0.410 62
-0.057 09
+0.007143
+0.012375
$0.007257
+0.0028783
+0.0006807
-0.0000722

kers x
f287.76

+0.012982
-0.001719
-0.0031462
-0.0018736
-0.0007460

keir x

kerc x

+3.981 0
;y33;
;;
+0:13736
+0.049433
+0.014000
+0.001760
-0.001192 6
-0.0011538
-0.0005843

-8.035
-1.042 25
-0.323 58
-0.131 38
-0.054819

-0.003344
-0.005361
-0.0032288
-0.0013175
-0.0003272

-0.020620
-0.006088
-0.0008148
+0.0005168
+0.0005229

--

kere x

keil z
t2.3.88
+6.076 6
1-0.353 1
-0.052 99
-0.05632

-1407.9
-24.226
-2.402
-0.465
-0.117

-0.029 378
-0.011767
-0.0034553
-0.0004175
+0.0003241

keic x

j-191.990
+5.966 15
+0.740 16
+0.13671
f0.020426

0
6
59
13

-0.029468
-0.005162
+0.0007744
+0.0013754
+O.OCO8372

kei, x
-1306.0
-17.818 4
-1.125 3
-0.07126
+0.02642
t-O.023332
+0.011279
+0.0050381
+0.0015292
+0.0002001

[Ref. 141

1060-SOME
-,!2
43
45
jffi
d7
48
,/lo
a

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

logl07r =

r* =
1
- =
?r
dn =
E=
M = logme =
l/M =log,lO
=
log,2 =

Ii
A
E
!I

0
k
ii

CONSTANTS

1.414 214
1.732 051
2.236068
2.449490
2.645751
2.828427
3.162278
3.141592654
0.497 149 873
9.869604401
0.318309886
1.772453851
2.718281828
0.434 294 482
2.302585093
0.693147181

TABLE
A

NUMERICAL

107O---GREEK

Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Delta
Epsilon
Zeta
Eta
Theta
Iota
Kappa
Lambda
Mu

ALPHABET
V

0
P

ii

rs
7
V

63
5
Cd

282
283

P
z
T
T

Nu
xi
omicron
Pi
Rho
$$(l

Upsilon
Phi
g;

Omega

REFERENCES

B. REFERENCES
1. Integral Tables, by Meyer Hirsch; Wm. Baynes & Son, London, 1823.
2. Znfegraltajeln, by F. Minding: C. Reimarus. Berlin. 1849.
3. Synopsis -of Elementary Res&s in Pure M&em&z,
by G. S. Carr; F.
Hodgson, London, 1886.
4. Sammlung van Formeln der Mathematik,
by W. L&&a; F. Vieweg und
Sohn, Braunschweig,
1894.
5. A Short TubZe of Integrals, by B. 0. Peirce; Ginn & Co., Boston, 1929.
6. Elementary Treatise on the Integral Cab~lus, by Benj. Williamson;
Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1896.
7. A Treatise on the Zntegral Calculus, by I. Todhunter;
Macmillan
& Co.,
London, 1921.
8. Ekmcnts of the Zn~nitcsimul CaZculus, by G. H. Chandler; J. Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1907.
9. Advanced Calculus, by E. B. Wilson; Giinn & Co., Boston, 1912.
10. Functions of a Compbx Variuble, by J. Pierpont;
Ginn & Co., Boston,
1914.
11. Advanced Calculus, by F. S. Woods; Ginn & Co., Boston, 1926.
12. Treatise on Bessel Fundions, by Gray, Mathews and MacRobert;
Macnillan & Co., London, 1931.
Press,
13. Theory of Bessel Functions, by G. N. Watson; Cambridge University
1944.
Problems, by H. B. Dwight;
14. Bessel Functions for Alternating-Current
Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers, July, 1929.
15. Tables dlntegrales D&ties,
by B. de Haan; ed. of 1858-1864.
16. Nowelles Tables dzntigrals
DL$nies, by B. de Haan; P. Engels, Leyden.
1867.
17. Funktionentafeln
mit Formeln und Kurven, by E. Jahnke and F. Emde;
1933, 1938, and 1943.
18. Elementary Integrals-A
Short Table, by T. J. Pa. Bromwich;
Macmillan
& Co., London, 1911.
19. Logarithmic and Trigonometric Tables, by E. R. Hedrick (The Macmillan
Mathematical Tables); The Macmillan Co., New York, 1935.
20. The Calculus, by E. W. Davis and W. C. Brenke (The Macmillan
Mathematical Tables); The Macmillan Co., New York, 1930,
21. Synopsis of Applicable Mathematics, by L. Silberstein; D. Van Nostrand
Co., New York, 1923.
22. Fouriers Series and Spherical, Cylindrical,
and Ellipsoidal
Harmonics, by
W. E. Byerly; Ginn & Co., Boston, 1893.
23. Sag Calculations, by J. S. Martin; ed. of 1931.
24. Principles of Electric Power Transmission, by L. F. Woodruff; J. Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1938.
25. The Magnetic Field of a Circular Cylindrical Coil, by H. B. Dwight; Philosophical Magazine, Vol. XI, April, 1931.
26. Scientific Paper 169 of the Bureau of Standards, Washington,
D. C., by
E. B. Rosa and F. W. Grover; ed. of 1916, also published as Bulletin of
the Bureau of Standards, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1912.
27. Trait6 Elementaire des Nombres de Bernoulli, by N. Nielsen; GauthierVillars 8: Cie., Paris, 1923.
284

28. American Standard Mathematical Symbols, 1928, Report ZlO of American

Engineering Standards Committee.
29. Higher Trigonometry, by J. B. Lock; Macmillan & Co., London, 1899.
30. Smithsonian Mathematical
Tables-Hyperbolic
Functions, by G. F. Becker
and C. E. Van Orstrand; Smithsonian Institution,
Washington,
D. C.,
1909.
31. Smithsonian Mathematical
Formulae and Tables of Elliptic Functions, by
E. P. Adams and R. L. Hippisley;
Smithsonian Institution,
Washington,
D. C., 1922.
32. A Course in Mathematics, 2 vols., by F. S. Woods and F. H. Bailey; Ginn
& Co., Boston, 1907-09.
33. Elliptic Functions, by A. Cayley; G. Bell & Sons, London, 1895.
34. Introduction to the Theorw of Infinite Series. bv T. J. Pa. Bromwich;
Macmillan & Co., London, 1908. 35. Theory of Elliptic Functions, by H. Hancock; J. Wiley & Sons, New York,
1910.
36. Elliptic Integrals, by H. Hancock; J. Wiley & Sons, New York, 1917.
37. Application
of Hyperbolic Functions to Electrical Engineering Problems,
by A. E. Kermelly; University
of London Press, 1912.
33. Differential
Equations for Electrical Engineers, by P. Franklin; J. Wiley &
Sons, New York, 1933.
39. Methods of Advanced Calculus, by P. Franklin;
McGraw-Hill
Book Co.,
New York, 1944.
40. Integral Calculus, by W. E. Byerly; Ginn & Co., Boston, 1898.
41. College Algebra, by H. B. Fine; Ginn & Co., Boston, 1905.
42. Advanced Calculus, by W. B. Fite; The Macmillan
Co., New York, 1938.
43. Application
of the Method of Symmetrical Components, by W. V. Lyon;
McGraw-Hill
Book Co., New York, 1937.
44. Tables of the Higher Mathematical
Functions, by H. T. Davis; Principia
Press, Bloomington,
Indiana, Vol. 1, 1933, Vol. 2, 1935.
45. Mathematical
Tables of Elementary and Some Higher Math.ematical Functions, by H. B. Dwight; McGraw-Hill
Book Co., New York, 1941.
46. Electrical Coils and Conductors, by H. B. Dwight; McGraw-Hill
Book Co.,
New York, 1945.
47. Traite des Fonctions Elliptiques,
Vol. 2, by A. M. Legendre; HusardCourtier, Paris, 1825.
48. Ten-Figure
Table of the Complete EUiptic Integrals, by I,. M. M&eThomson; Proc. Lond. Math. Sot., Ser. 2, Vol. 33, 1931.
49. Bessel Functions for Engineers. bv N. W. McLachlan:
Clarendon Press,
Oxford, 1934.
50. Bessel Functions, Vol. VI, part I, Mathematical
Tables of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science; Cambridge University
Press,
1937.
51. Values of the Bessel Functions her 5 and bei 2 and Their Derivatives, by
H. B. Dwight; Transactions of American Institute of Electrical Engineers,
1939, p. 787.
52. Tables of the Spherical Function P,(x) and Its Derived Functions, by H.
Tallauist:
Acts Sot. Sci. Fennicae. Finland, Vol. 32. 1906, p. 5, and Vol.
33, p;To. 9; 1908.
53. Six-Place Tables of the 16 First Surface Zonal Harmonics P,(z), by H.
Tallquist; Acta Sot. Sci. Fennicae, Finland, 1937.
54. Six-Place Tables of the 32 First Surface Zonal Harmonica P,(COSe), by
H. Tallquist; ActaSoc. Sci. Fennicae, Finland, 1938.
I

REFERENCES
55a. Tables of Sines and Cosines for Radian Argumen.ts, 1940.
b. Tables of Circular and Hyperbolic Sines and Cosines for Radiun Arguments, 1939.
c. Tables of the Exponential Fundion, 1939.
d. Table of Naturd Logarithms, Vols.. I to IV, 1941.
e. Tables of Probabilitv Functions. Vols. I and II. 1941.
f. Tables oj Sine, Co&e, and Exponential
Integkals, Vols. I and II, 1940.
-A. N. Lowan, Technical Director; Work Projects Administration
for
the City of New York, sponsored by the National Bureau of Standards,
Washington, D. C.
56. Tafeln der Besselschen, Theta-, Kugel-, und anderer Funktionen,
by K.
Haya&;
Julius Springer, Berlin, 1930.
57. Tafeln ftk die Differenzenrechnung,
by K. Hayashi; Julius Springer, Berlin,
1933.
58. Seven-Place Values of Trigonome&c
Functions for Every Thousandth of
a Degree, by J. Peters; D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, 1942.
59. Zehnstellige Logarithmen der Zahkn von 1 bis 100 000 (vol. l), by J. Peters
and J. Stein: Preussische Landesaufnahme.
1922.
60. ZehnsteUige Logarithmen der Trigonometris~hen
Funktionen volt 0 bis 90
ftir jedes Tausendstel des Grades (vol. 2), by J. Peters; Preussische Landesaufnahme, 1919.
61. Transmission
Circuits for Telephone Communication,
by K. S. Johnson;
D. Van Nostrand Co., New York, 1939.
62. Electromagnetic Theory. by J. A. Stratton;
McGraw-Hill
Book Co., New
York, 1941.
63. Tables of the Bessel Functions of the First Kind, by the StalT of the Harvard
Computation
Laboratory;
Harvard University
Press, 1947-48.
64. An Index of Mathematical Tables, by A. Fletcher, J. C. P. Miller, and L.
Rosenhead; McGraw-Hill
Book Company, New York. 1946.
65. Barlows Tables oj Squares, Cubes, Square Roots, Cube Roots, and Reciprocals, edited by L. J. Comrie.
Chemical Pub. Co., New York, 1952.

INDEX
ITEM

Bernoullis
numbers.
Bessel functions..
integrals.
table of numerical
values.
Beta function.
.
Binomial theorem.
Constants,

numerical.

NO.

ITEM

1
60
28.1
25, 29

Algebraic functions..
derivatives.
...
Arithmetic
mean.
Arithmetic
progression.

Harmonics, surface zonal 840

Hyperbolic
functions.
650.01
series.
.
. . 657.1
derivatives.
. . 667.1
integrals.
.
670
integrals involving
sinh x..
. 671.10
integrals involving
cash x.
.
. 677.10
integrals involving
sinh x and cash x . . 655.11
integrals involving
tanh x..
.
691.01
integrals involving
ctnh x.
693.01
table of numerical values. . . . .
. 1030

45
800
835.1
.

.1050
855.1
1
.
.1060

Definite integrals.
Degrees,minutesandseconds, to radians.
Determinants..
Differential
equations..

850.1
1011
59
890.1

Integration
by parts, formula. .
Inverse hyperbolic
functions..
.
.
series. ..............
derivatives.
.........
integrals involving
sinh-1 (x/a).
.
integrals involving
cash- (x/a).
.
integrals involving
tanh-1 (z/a)
.
integrals involving
ctnh-1 (x/a),
.
integrals involving
sech-1 (x/a).
..
integrals involving
cseh-1 (x/a).
..
Inverse trigonometric
functions..
series..
...
derivatives.
.
.
integrals involving
sin- (x/a).
.
.
integrals involving
cos-l (x/a)........
integrals involving
tan-l (x/a).
. ...

Elliptic functions..
750
derivatives.
768.1
integrals.
770
tables of numerical
values..
.1040, 1041
Error function or probability integral.
590
45
Eulers &mbers.
IZxponential functions
550
derivatives.
...
563
integrals.
565
numerical values.
.I030
Factorials..

10

Gamma function.
850.1
table of numerical values..
.
.1005
Ga:lsss function.
853.1
28.2
Geometric mean.
Geometric progression.
26
Greek alphabet.
.
.1070
Gudermannian..
... .
640
Harmonic
IInrmonic

mean.
progression.

28.3
27
287

79
700
706
728.

730
732
734
736
738
740
500
501
512.1
515
520
525

NO.

ITEM

integrals involving
ctn-1 (x/u). . .
integrals involving
set-l (x/a).
integrals involving

csc-1 (x/a).

NO.

528
531

534

Irrational
alaebraic fl:nrtions-ktegrals
integrals involving
x1/Z
integrals involving
X2 = (a + bx) I*.
integrals involving
r = (s* + u*)1*.
integrais invol&ng
s = (2 - uZ)1/2
integrals involving
t = (a - x2)1/* .
integrals involving
xs = (ux~+bx+c)~~

180
180
190
200.01
260.01
320.01
380.001

Lambda function.
.
432.10, 640
Logarithmic
functions.
600
series.
601
integrals involving
log x ..__...
610
integrals involving
log (a + 21x).
620
integrals involving
log (x2 + a).
623
ktegrals
involving
log (x+(x2 + cG)~~) 625
Logarithms
to base 10. .1020
Logarithms,
natural.
.1025
Maclaurins

series.

38

Natural logarithms.
.1025
Xormal probability
integral..............
585
table.
.1045
Numerical
constants.
1060
Numerical
integration.
880
Plane triangles.
.
Probability
integrals.
table................1045
Progressions.
Quadratic equation,
of................

410
585, 590
25

ITEM

Radians to degrees, minutes and seconds.

IO! 2
Rational
algebraic functions-integrals.
80
integrals involving
x1. 80
integrals involving
X=ufbx
83
integrals involving
linear factors.
110
integrals involving
x=u*+x*......
120
integrals involving
x =u2-x2......
140
integrals involving
X = ax2 + bx + c. 160.01
integrals involving
u3 + x3..
. .
165.01
integrals involving
cl4 cx4
.
170
References.
.
Appendix
Reversion of series.
.
50
Roots of quadratic equation.
...... ....
55
Simpsons Rule. . . . .
Square roots of complex
quantity.
. I.
Surface zonal harmonics

880
58
840

Table of V (a2 + b2) /a. 1000

Taylors series. . . . .
39
Trigonometric
functions,
400.01
formulas for plane triangles.
410
trigonometric
series.
415.01
derivatives.
427.1
integrals.
. .. ..
429
integrals involving
sin 2.. .
430.10
integrals involving
co9 2. . .
440.10
integrals involving
sinxandcosx.....
450.11
integrals involving
tan x..
_. _. 480.1
integrals involving
ct,n 2.
490.1
tablesof numericalvalues.
1010, 1015, 1016

roots
55

Zonal harmonics,

surface

8.40

NO.