Nama

: Dionisius Thomas Budiana

NIM

: 06101381520032

Prodi

: Pendidikan Kimia 2015 (Kampus Palembang)

TUGAS KIMIA DASAR II

Symbols, Formulas, and Equations.

1. Write a net ionic equation for the reaction between solutions of :
a. Nitric acid and lithium hydroxide
b. Ammonia and hydrogen iodide
c. Hydrogen fluoride and potassium cyanide
d. Calcium hydroxide and nitrous acid, HNO2
Answer:
a

HNO3 (aq) + LiOH(aq)

LiNO3(aq) + H2O (l)

H+(aq) + NO3-(aq)+ Li+(aq) + OH-(aq)

NO3-(aq) + Li+(aq)+ H2O (l)

Ion bersih: H+(aq) + OH-(aq)

b

NH3(g) + HI(aq)

NH4I(aq)

NH3(g) + H+(aq) + I- (aq)

NH4+(aq) + I-(aq)

Ion bersih: NH3(g) + H+(aq)

c

HF(aq) + KCN (aq)

H2O (l)

NH4+(aq)

HCN (aq) + KF(aq)

H+(aq)+ F-(aq) + K+(aq) + CN-(aq)

H+(aq)+ CN-(aq)+ K+(aq)+ F-(aq)

Ion bersih : - (terionisasi sempurna)

d

Ca(OH)2(aq) + HNO2(aq)

Ca(NO)2 + 2H2O(l)

Ca2+(aq)+ 2OH-(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2NO2--(aq)

Ion bersih: 2OH-(aq)+ 2H+(aq)

2 H2O(l) + Ca2+(aq+2NO(aq)
2 H2O(l)

2. Follow the directions of question 1 for

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KIMIA DASAR II

a
b
c
d

HCN and sodium hydroxide

NaClO and hydrochloric acid
Ammonium Chloride and Potassium Hydroxide
Methylamine, CH3NH2, and Hypochlorus acid, HClO

Answer:
a

HCN (aq) + NaOH(aq)

H2O(l) + NaCN(aq)

H+(aq) + CN- (aq)+ Na+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

Ion bersih: H+(aq) + OH- (aq)
b

H2O(l) + Na+(aq)+ CN-(aq)

H2O(l)

NaClO(aq) + HCl(aq)

NaCl(aq) + HClO(aq)

Na+(aq)+ ClO-(aq)+ H+(aq)+ Cl- (aq)

Na+(aq)+Cl- (aq)+ H+(aq)+ClO-(aq)

Ion Bersih: - (terionisasi sempurna)

c

NH4Cl (aq) + KOH(aq)

NH4OH (aq) + Kl(aq)

NH4+(aq)+ Cl- (aq)+ K+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

NH4+(aq)+ OH--(aq)+ K+(aq)+Cl- (aq)

Ion Bersih: - (terionisasi sempurna)

d

CH3NH2(aq) + HClO (aq)

CH3ClO (aq) + NH3(g)

CH3+(aq)+ NH2-(aq) + H+(aq) + ClO-(aq)

Ion Bersih: NH2-(aq) + H+(aq)

CH3+(aq)+ ClO-(aq)+ NH3(g)

NH3(g)

3. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following
aqueous solutions with H+ ions.
a Sodium formate (NaCHO2)
b Calcium hydroxide
c Ammonia
Answer:
a

NaCHO2(aq) + H+(aq)
Na+(aq)+ CHO2-(aq) + H+(aq)

Na+(aq) + CHO2H(aq)
Na+(aq)+ CHO2-(aq) + H+(aq)

Ion Bersih: - (terionisasi sempurna)

b

Ca(OH)2 + 2H+(aq)

Ca2+(aq) + 2H2O(l)

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KIMIA DASAR II

Ca2+(aq)+ 2OH-(aq) + 2H+(aq)

Ca2+(aq)+ 2H2O(l)

Ion Bersih: 2OH-(aq) + 2H+(aq)

c

NH3(g) + H+(aq)

2 H2O(l)

NH4+(aq)

4. Write a balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of each of the following
aqueous solutions with H+ ions.
a. Cesium Hydroxide
b. Potassium Cyanide
c. Aniline, C6H5NH2
Answer:
a. CsOH(aq) + H+(aq)
Cs+(aq) + H2O(l)
Cs+(aq) + OH-(aq) + H+(aq)
Cs+(aq)+ H2O(l)
Ion Bersih: OH-(aq) + H+(aq)
H2O(l)
b.

KN (aq) + H+(aq)
K+(aq) + HCN (aq)
K+(aq) + CN-(aq)+ H+(aq)
K+(aq)+ CN-(aq)+ H+(aq)
Ion Bersih : - (terionisasi sempurna)

c. C6H5NH2(aq) + H+(aq)

C6H5NH3+(aq)

Acid-Base Reaction and Titrations

5. Calculate K for the reactions given in question 1
Answer:
+
H

OH
a. K =

[ produk ] 1
=
[ reaktan ]

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KIMIA DASAR II

b. K =

NH

+
H

[ produk ]
=
[ reaktan ]

c. K =

d. K =

2 OH

+
2 H

[ produk] [2 H 2 O]
=

[ reaktan]

6. Calculate K for the reactions given in question 2

OH

+
H
a. K =

[ produk ] [ H 2 O ]
=
[ reaktan ]
b. K = c. K = -

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KIMIA DASAR II

d. K =

+
H

NH
[ 2]
[ produk] [ NH 3]
=
[reaktan]

7. Calculate K for the reactions given in question 3

a. K = -

b. K =

c. K =

2 OH

+
2 H

[ produk ] [ 2 H 2 O ]
=
[ reaktan ]
NH

[ produk]
=
[ reaktan]

8. Calculate K for the reactions given in question 4

OH

a. K= +

b. K = -

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KIMIA DASAR II

c. K=

C 6 H 5 NH 3

+
[ C6 H 5 NH 2 ]

9. Given three acid-base indicators : methyl orange (end point at pH 4)

bomothymol blue (end point at pH 7), and phenolphthalein (end point at pH 9)
which would you select for the following acid-base titrations ?
a. Ionic acid with sodium hydroxide
b. Ethylamine, C2H5NH2, with hydrochloric acid
c. Sodium acetate with hydrochloric acid
d. Perchloric acid with lithium hydroxide
Answer:
Metil orange pH= 4
Bromtimolbiru pH= 7
Fenolftalein pH= 9
a. HCOOH (aq) + NaOH(aq)
(asam lemah)

(basa kuat)

HCOONa(aq) + H2O (l)

(garam basa)

Digunakan indikator Fenolftalein karena pH>7

b. C2H5NH2 (aq)+
(basa lemah)

HCl(aq)

C2H5NHCl (aq)

(asam kuat)

+ H2 (g)

(garam asam)

Digunakan indikator metil orange karena pH<7

c. CH3COONa (aq) +
(garam basa)

HCl(aq)

CH3COOH(aq) + HCl(aq)

(asam kuat)

(asam lemah)

Digunakan indikator metil orange karena pH<7

d. HClO4 (aq)
(asam kuat)

LiOH(aq)

LiClO4 (aq)

(basa kuat)

(garam netral)

+ H2O (l)

Digunakan indikator bromtimol biru karena pH=7

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KIMIA DASAR II

10. Given the acid-base indicators in question 9, select a suitable indicator for the
following titrations.
a Sulfuric acid with potassium hydroxide
b Ammonia with hydrobromic acid
c Hydrogen cyanide with barium hydroxide
d Sodium nitrite with hydroiodic acid
Answer:
a H2SO4 (aq) + KOH (aq)
(asam kuat) (basa kuat) = garam netral (bromtimol biru)
b NH3 (g) + HBr(aq)
(basa lemah) (asam kuat) = garam asam (metil orange)
c

NH3 (g) + HBr(aq)

(basa lemah) (asam kuat) = garam asam (metil orange)

d
e

HCN(aq) + Ba(OH)2 (aq)

(asam lemah) (basa kuat) = garam basa (fernolftalein)
NaNO3(aq) + HI (aq)
(garam netral) (asam) = garam asam (metil orange)

11. 35.00 mL of 0.2500 M sodium hydroxide is titrated with 0.4375 M HCl.

Calculate the pH of the resulting solution (assuming volumes are additive)
when the following amounts of acid are added.
a. 10.00 mL
b. 20.00 mL
c. 30.00 mL
Answer:
a

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)

NaCl(aq) +

m: 8,75

4,375

b: 4,375

4,375

4,375 4,375

s: 4,375

4,375

M=

4,375
45

H2O(l)
4,375

= 0,1

[OH-] = 1 x 10-1
pOH= 1
pH= 14-1= 13

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KIMIA DASAR II

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)

NaCl(aq) +

m: 8,75

8,75

b: 8,75

8,75

s: -

H2O (l)
-

8,75
-

8,75

8,75 8,75

pH=7 (netral)

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq)
m: 8,75

13,125

b: 8,75

8,75

s: 4,375

M=

4,375
35+ 30

8,75

NaCl(aq) +

H2O (l)

8,75

8,75

8,75

8. 75

= 0,067=6,7 x 10-2

[H+] = a x M =1 x 6,7 x 10-2

pH = 2 - log 6,7
= 2 0,83
= 1,17
12. 75.00 mL of 0.1350 M perchloric acid is titrated with 0.3375 M KOH.
Calculate the pH of the resulting solution (assuming volumes are additive)
when the following amounts of acid are added.
a. 10.00 mL
b. 20.00 mL
c. 30.00 mL
Answer:
a

HClO4 (aq) + KOH(aq)

m: 10,125
3,375
b: 3,375
3,375
s: 6,75
-

KlO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

3,375
3,375
3,375 3,375

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KIMIA DASAR II

[H ]= M=

6,75
85

= 0,08= 8x10-2

pH= 2- log 8
= 2 0,90
= 1,1
b

HClO4 (aq) + KOH(aq)

m: 10,125
6,75
b: 6,75
6,75
s: 3,375
[H+]= M=

3,375
75+ 20

KlO4 (aq) + H2O (l)

6,75
6,75
6,75
6,75
= 0,035= 3,5x10-2

pH= 2- log 3,5

= 2 0,54 = 1,46
c

HClO4 (aq) + KOH(aq)

KlO4 (aq) + H2O (l)
m: 10,125
10,125
b: 10,125
10,125
10,125 10,125
s: 10,125 10,125
pH= 7 (netral)

13. Consider the titration of HNO2 with KOH.

a. What species are present at the equivalence point?
b. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral at the equivalence point ?
Answer:
a. HNO2(aq) + KOH (aq)
KNO2(aq) + H2O(l)
(garam basa)

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KIMIA DASAR II

Spesi titik equivalen

b. Basa
14. Consider the titration of ammonia with HCl.
a. What species are present at the equivalence point?
b. Is the solution acidic, basic, or neutral at the equivalence point?
Answer:
a. NH3(g) + HCl(aq)

NH 4Cl(aq)
(garam asam)
spesititikequivalen

b. Asam
15. Twenty-five mL of 0.100 M formic acid, HCHO2, is titrated with KOH.
a. What is the pH of the formic acid solution before titration starts?
b. How many moles of KOH are required to react with the formic acid ?
c. Write the Ion Bersihic equation for the reaction
d. If the total volume at the equivalence point is 41.7, what is the pH of the
solution at this point?
Answer:
a. [H+] =

Ka. M = 1,8 x 104 x 101

pH = 6 log

18 x 101 x 104 x 101

18 x 106

18 = 6 0,63 = 5,37

b. mol KOH = mol HCOOH

= 0,1 x 25 ml
= 2,5 mmol
= 2,5x10-3mol
c. HCOOH(aq) + KOH(aq)

HCOOK(aq) + H2O(l)
10

KIMIA DASAR II

HCOO-(aq)+ H+(aq)+ K+(aq)+ OH-(aq)

HCOO-(aq)+ K+(aq)+ H2O(l)
+
Ion Bersih: H (aq)+ OH (aq)
H2O(l)
d. Volume = 41,7 ml
Volume KOH=41,7-25=16,7 ml
2,5. 103
M=
= 0,15x10-3= 1,5x10-4
16,7

[OH-] = b . M = 1 . 1,5x10-4 = 1,5x10-4

pOH = 4 log 1,5
pH = 14 (4 log 1,5)
= 10 + log 1,5
= 10, 18
16. Thirty mL of 0.100 M acetic acid, HC2H3O2, is titrated with NaOH.
a. What is the pH of the acetic acid solution before titration ?
b. How many moles of NaOH are required to react with the acetic acid ?
c. Write the Ion Bersihic equation for the reaction
d. If the total volume at the equivalence point is 45.00 mL, what is the pH
of the solutions ?
Answer:
Ka asam asetat (HC2H3O2) : 1,8x10-5
30 ml 0,1 M CH3COOH + NaOH
a.

+
H

1,8 x 105 x 101

1,8 x 106

=
pH

Ka x M

=
=
=
=
=

1,34x10-3
+
-log H

-log (1,34x10-3)
3 - log1,34
3 0,13
2,87

b. Mol NaOH =
=

Mol CH3COOH
MxV

11
KIMIA DASAR II

=
=
=

0,1 M x 30 ml
3 mmol
3 x 10-3

c. CH3COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq)
CH3COONA(aq) + H2O(l)
+
+
CH3COO (aq) + H (aq) + Na (aq) + OH (aq) CH3COO-(aq) + Na+(aq)+ H2O(l)
H+(aq) + OH-(aq)
H2O(l)

Ka
xM
d. OH
=
Kw

1014
x 6,7 x 105
5
1,8 x 10
6,7 x 1019
1,8 x 105

3,72 x 1014

pOH =

7 log

3,2

pH

14 (7 log

7 + log

7 + 0,25

7,25

3,2 )

3,2

Buffers
17. Calculate [H+] and pH in a solution which [NH4+] is 0.20 M and [NH3] is
a. 0.50 M
b. 0.20 M
c. 0.10 M
d. 0.010 M

12
KIMIA DASAR II

Answer :
[NH4+] 0,2 M dan NH3 :
c. 0,1

a. 0,5 M
[OH-]

Kb.

mol BL
mol Ak
0,5
0,2

1,8 x 10-5.

9 x 106
2 x 101

4,5 x 10-5

pOH

5 log 4,5

pH

14 (5 log 4,5)

9 + log 4,5

9 + log 0,65

9,65

b. 0,2 M
[OH-]

Kb.

mol BL
mol Ak

[OH-]

1,8 X 10-5

pOH

5 log 1,8

pH

14 (5 log 1,8)

9 + log 1,8

9 + 0,26

9,26

[OH-]

[OH ]

Kb.

mol BL
mol Ak

1,8 X 10 .

1,8 X 106
2 X 101

9 x10-1 x10-5

9 x 10-6

pOH

6 log 9

pH

14 (6 log 9)

8 + log 9

8 + 0,95

8,95

[OH-]

Kb.

[OH-]

1,8 x 10-5.

d. 0,01 M

mol BL
mol Ak
0,1
0,2

1,8 x 107
2 x 101

9 x 10-1 x 10-6

9 x 10-7

pOH

7 log 9

pH

14 (7 log 9)

7 + log 9

7 + log 0,95

7,95

13
KIMIA DASAR II

0,1
0,2

-5

18. Calculate [OH-] and pH in a solution which [HClO] is 0.25 M and [ClO-] is
a. 0.50 M
b. 0.25 M
c. 0.050 M
d. 0.010 M

Answer :
mol AL
a. [H+] = ka . mol BK
0,25
0,5

108 x

= 2,9x

=
8

10 x

c. [H+]

= 2,9 x

2,9x

pH

=14,5 x 10

b. [H+] = ka x
= 2,9 x

d. [H+]

108 x

0,25
0,01
2

8 25 x 10
= 2,9 x 10 x 1 x 102

0,25
0,25

2
= 2,9 x 10

= 8 log 14,5
= 8 1,16
= 6,84
mol AL
= Ka x mol BK
= 2,9 x

mol AL
mol BK

108

0,25
0,05

8
= 14,5 x 10

pH = 9 log 14,5
= 9 1,16
= 7,84

108

525 x 102
=2,9x 10 5 x 102

25 x 102
5 x 101
72,5 x 10
5 x 101

mol AL
mol Bk

10

= ka x

= 72,5 x 10
pH

= 8 log 72,5
= 8 log 1,86
= 6,14

pH = 8 log 2,9
= 8 0,46
= 7,54
19. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.020 mol of sodium nitrate, NaNO2, in
250.0 mL of 0.040 M nitrous acid. Calculate the pH of this buffer.
Answer :
Mol AL

=0,04 x 250

14
KIMIA DASAR II

3
= 1 x 10 mol

Mol BK

= 0,02
2
=2 x 10

[H+]

mol AL
=Ka . mol Bk
3
4 1 x 10
10
= 7,2 x
2 x 102

7,2 x 107
2
2 x 10

5
= 3,6 x 10

pH

= 5 log 3,6
= 5 0,56
= 4,44

20. A solution is prepared by dissolving 0.050 mol of potassium fluoride, in 150.0

mL of 0.0275 M hydrogen fluoride. Calculate the pH of this buffer.
Answer:
mol AL
[H+]
= kax mol BK
4,125 x 103
= 6,6x 10 x 5 x 102
4

27,225 x 10
5 x 102

5
= 5,445 x 10

pH

= 5 log 5,445
= 5 0,74
= 4,26
23. To make a buffer using HCHO2 and CHO2- in which the desired pH is 3.00 :

15
KIMIA DASAR II

a. What must be the ratio [HCHO2 ] / [CHO2- ] ?

b. How many moles of HCHO2 must be added to a liter of 0.200 M
NaCHO2 to give this pH ?
c. How many grams of NaCHO2must be added to a liter of 0.100 M
HCHO2 to give this pH ?
Answer:
HCOOH + CHO2pH = 3
Ka = 1,8x10-4
+
H = 10-3
a. pH = 3

+
H

10

CHO2
= Ka x mol HCOOH

b. mol HCOONa

= 0,2 x 1
= 0,2 mol

mol HCOOH
0,2

50
9
9 mol HCOOH

= 1,8x10-4x

= 10
10
= 9

mol HCOOH

CHO
mol HCOOH

CHO
2
mol HCOOH

c. mol HCOOH

103
1,8 x 104

0,1
mol HCOONa
0,9

CHO
mol HCOOH

CHO
2
mol HCOOH

100
18

50
9

CHO 2
mol HCOOH

= 1,11 mol
= 0,1 x 1
= 0,1 mol
50
= 9

103
18 x 105

mol HCOONa

= 50 mol HCOONa
0,9
= 50

= 0,018 mol
Mr HCOONa
= 68 gr/mol
massa HCOONa = mol x Mr
= 0,018mol x
68gr/mol
= 1,224 gr

24. A NaHCO3-Na2CO3 buffer is to be prepared with a pH of 10.00.

a. What must be the ratio [HCO3-] / [CO32- ] ?
b. What volume of 10.00 M NaHCO3 should be added to a liter of 1.00 M
NaHCO3 to form this buffer ?
Answer:
NaHCO3 Na2CO3

16
KIMIA DASAR II

pH

= 10

pOH

= 14 10
=4

OH

= 10-4
mol CO32
HCO
3
= Kb x mol

OH

a.

11

10

= 4,7 x 10

mol CO32
HCO
3
x mol

mol CO3
HCO
mol 3

104
47 x 1012

10 8
47

1 xV
1 x1

V
1

mol CO3
HCO
mol 3

10
47

b.

10
47
47V
V

= 108
8
10
= 47 L

25. If a buffer solution is made of 15.00 g sodium acetate (NaC2H3O2) and 12.50 g
acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in 5.00 x 102 mL, what is the pH of the buffer? If the
buffer is diluted to 1.50 L, what is the pH of the diluted buffer?
17
KIMIA DASAR II

Answer :
Mol CH3COOH =

massa
Mr

12,5 gr
60 gr /mol

= 0,21mol
Mr CH3COOH

= 60 gr/mol

Mol CH3COONa =

massa
Mr

15 gr
82 gr /mol

= 0,18mol
Mr C3COONa

= 82 gr/mol

mol L
H+ = Kax mol garam
0,21
0,18

= 1,8x 10-5.

-5

= 1,8x 10

21 x 102
18 x 102

37,8 x 105
18

= 2,1 x 10-5

18
KIMIA DASAR II

pH= 5 log 2,1

= 5 0,32
= 4,68

26. A buffer soliution is prepared by adding 5.50 g of ammonium chloride to

150.00 mL of 0.125 M ammonia. What is the pH of the solution? If the buffer
is diluted with water to a final volume of 2.00 L, what is the pH of diluted
buffer?
Answer :
MolNH3 = MNH3 x V
= 0,125 x 150 ml
= 18,75mmol
2
= 1,8 x 10 mol
[OH-]

10

= 5,8 x 10
=

1,8 x 102
101

10,44 x 1012
1
10
11

= 10,44 x 10
pOH
pH

= 11 log 10,44
= 14 (11 log 10,44)
= 3 + log 10,44
= 3 + 1.02
= 4,02

27. How many grams of ammonium nitrate added to 250.0 mL of 0.150 M

ammonia to produce a buffer with pH 9.00 ?
Answer :
mol BL
[OH-]
= Kb x garam
5

10

10
=5,8 x 10

37,5 x 103
x

217,5 x 1013
105

8
= 217,5x 10

19
KIMIA DASAR II

2
8
= 2,175 x 10 x 10
6
= 2,175 x 10

massa
6
= 2,175 x 10 mol
mr
Massa

= 2,175 x 10

x 80

6
= 174 x 10
gr

20
KIMIA DASAR II

28. It is desired to convert 250.0 mL of white vinegar (d = 1.006 g/ml.), which is

5.00% acetic acid, HC2H3O2 , by mass to a buffer. How many grams of sodium
acetate, NaC2H3O2 are required to produce a buffer of pH 4.00 ?
Answer :
MrCH3COOH = 60 gr/mol

=1,006 gr /mol

250 ml CH3COOH = 0,25

M=

x x 10
Mr
5 x 1,006 x 10
60

= 0,84 M
Mol CH3COOH = 0,25 x 0,84
= 0,21mol
(Mr CH3COONa) = 8,2 gr/mol

PH

=4

H+

= Ka.

10-4

= 1,8 x 10-5.

-4

10

[H+] = 10-4

mol L
mol garam
0,21
x

378 x 105
x

21
KIMIA DASAR II

378 x 108
104

= 378 x 10-4
massa
Mr

Mol

Massa

= mol x Mr

= 378 x 10-4 x 82
= 10. 472 x 10-4 gr
= 1,0472 gr
29. A solution prepared from 0.050 mol/L of a weak acid, HX, has a pH of 2.75.
what is the pH of the solution after 0.035 mol of solid LiX has been dissolved
in it?
Answer:
M = 0,05 mol/L
HX
pH = 2,75
pH setelah 0,035 mol LiX(s)
+
H = 102,75
pH = 2,75

H+
102,75
2,75

( 10

Ka x M

Ka x 0,05

2
= Ka x 5x 10

2
Ka x 5x 10

Ka

5,5
= 10

105,5
5 x 102

1
3,5
x 10
5

4,5
= 2 x 10

+
H

mol AL
= Ka x mol BK

22
KIMIA DASAR II

pH

4,5
= 2 x 10
x

0,05
0,035

4,5
= 2 x 10
x

5 x 102
35 x 103

10 x 104,5 x 102
3
35 x 10

105,5
35 x 103

1
8,5
x 10
35

1
= 8,5 log 35
= 8,5 (-1,54)
= 10,04

23
KIMIA DASAR II

30. A 0.045 M solution of weak acid HX has a pH of 3.65. what is the pH of the
solution after 0.015 mol/L of solid NaX has been dissolved in it?
Answer :
HX 0,045 M

pH = 3,65

PH setelah 0,015 mol/L NaX(s)

[H+] = 10-3,65

PH = 3,65

Ka x 0,045

[H+]

(10-3,65 )2

= Kax 0,015

10-7,3

= Kax 15 x 10-3

Ka

[H+]

107,3
3
45 x 10

1
45

= Ka.

x 104,3
mol L
mol garam

1
45

x10

1
45

x10-4,3 x 3

3
45

x 10-4,3

-4,3

0,045
0,015

24
KIMIA DASAR II

PH

= 4,3 log

3
45

= 4,3 (1,18)
= 5,48

25
KIMIA DASAR II

31. A buffer is made up of one liter each of 0.20 M NH3 and 0.20 M NH4Cl.
Calculate
a. The pH of the buffer
b. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0100 molHCl
c. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0200 mol KOH.
Answer:
1 L 0,2 M NH3(g) + 0,2 M NH4Cl(aq)
a.
5,8 x 1010

[OH ] =

0,2
0,2

= 5,8 x 10-10
pOH = 10 log 5,8
pH = 14 (10 log 5,8 )
= 4 + log 5,8
= 4 + 0,76
= 4,76
b. HCl(aq) + NH3 (g) NH4Cl (aq) (Kb = 5,8x 10-10)
m: 0,01

0,2

0,2

b: 0,01

0,01

0,01

s: -

0,19

[OH ] = Kb.

0,21
n . BL
n. garam

= 5,8 x 10-10.

0,19
0,21

= 5,8 x 10-10. 0,90

= 5,22 x 10-10

26
KIMIA DASAR II

pOH= 10 log 5,22

pH= 14 (10 log 5,22)
= 14 + log 5,22
= 4 + 0,72
= 4,72
c. KOH(aq) + NH4Claq) NH4OH(aq) + HCl(aq) (Kb = 5,8 x10-10)
m: 0,02

0,2

b: 0,02

0,02 0,02

s:

0,18 0,22

0,2

[OH-] = 5,8 x 10-10.

0,22
0,18

= 5,8 x 10-10. 1,22

= 7,08 x 10-10
pOH= 10 log 7,08
pH= 14 (10 log 7,08)
= 4 + log 7,08
= 4 + 0,85
= 4,85
32. A buffer is made up of one liter each of 0.100 M HC2H3O2 and 0.150 M
NaC2H3O2. Calculate:
a. The pH of the buffer.
b. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0100 molHCl.
c. The pH of the buffer after the addition of 0.0200 molNaOH.
Answer:
0,1 M CH3COOH + 0,15 CH3COONa
a.

+
mol AL
H =Ka x
mol gram

27
KIMIA DASAR II

0,1
5
10
= 1,8x
x 0,15
5
2
=1,8 x 10 x 67x 10
7
= 120,6 x 10
5
= 1,206 x 10

pH =5 log1,206
=5 0,08
=4,92
b. HCl(aq)
m:
b:
s:

+CH3COONa(aq)CH3COOH(aq) + NaCL(aq)
0,01
0,15
0,15
0,01
0,01
0,01
0,14
0,16

mol AL
[H ] = Ka x mol gram
+

0,16
=Ka x 0,14
5
=1,8x 10
x

=1,8x 10

0,16
0,14

x 1,14

5
=2,05 x 10

pH= 5 log2,05
= 5 0,31
= 4,69
c. NaOH(aq)+CH3COONa(aq)
m: 0,02
0,15
b:
0,02
0,02
s:
0,13

CH3COONa(aq) + NaOH(aq)
0,15
0,01
0,17

28
KIMIA DASAR II

mol AL
[H ]= Ka x mol gram
+

0,17
=Ka x 0,13
5
= 1,8x 10
x

0,17
0,13

5
=1,8x 10
x 1,3

5
=2,34 x 10

pH=5 log2,34
= 5 0,37
= 4,63

29
KIMIA DASAR II

33. A buffer is prepared in which the ratio [HCO3-] / [CO32-] is 4.0

a. What is the pH of this buffer (Ka HCO3- = 4.7 x 10-11)?
b. Enough strong acid is added to make the pH of the buffer 9.40. what is the
ratio [HCO3-] / [CO32-] at this point ?
Answer:
CO32
HCO3
a.

4
1

Ka = 4,7 x 10-11

[H+] = Ka x

CO32
HCO3

= 4,7 x 10-11 x

4
1

= 18,8 x 10-11
pH = 11 log 18,8 = 11 1,27 = 9, 73
b. pH = 9,4
[H+] = 10-9,4
[H+] = Ka x

CO32
HCO3

10-9,4= 4,7 x 10-11 x

CO32
HCO3

9,4

10
4,7 x 1011

CO3
HCO3

30
KIMIA DASAR II

34. A buffer is prepared using the conjugate acid-baae pair, NH4+, - NH3. The pH
of the prepared buffer is 9.0
a. What is the ratio [NH4+]/[ NH3]?
b. What does the pH become if 20% of the NH4+ ions are converted to
ammonia?
c. What does the pH become if 25% of the NH3 molecules are converted to
NH4+?
Answer:
+
NH 4

a. [OH-] = Kb.
[NH 3]

10-5 = 5, 8 x 10-10

+
NH 4

[ NH 3]

10 5
5,8 x 1010

+
NH 4

[ NH 3]

+
NH 4

[NH 3]

10
5,8

NH4+dikonversike NH3

b. 20

NH 4 +
NH 3

[OH ] = Kb.

105
20 x 5,8

105
1,16

105
1,16

31
KIMIA DASAR II

= 5,8 x10

-10

105
1,16

= 5 x10-5
pOH = 5x10-5
= 5 log 5
pH = 14 (5 log 5)
= 9 + log 5
= 9, 7
+

c.

NH 4
NH 3

25 .105
5,8

25 x 10
1
58 x 10

[OH ]= 5,8 x 10

25 x 10
1
58 x 10

-10

145 x 10
1
58 x 10

= 2,5 x 10-6
pOH = 6 log 2,5
pH = 14 (6 log 2,5)
= 8 + log 2,5
= 8,4

32
KIMIA DASAR II

35. Which of the following would form a buffer if added to one liter of 0.20 M
NaOH ?
a. 0.10 mol HC2H3O2
b. 0.30 mol HC2H3O2\
c. 0.10 mol NaC2H3O2
d. 0.20 molHCl
Explain your reasoning in each case
Answer:
NaOH = 0,2 M x 1 L = 0,2 mol
a. Ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COOH(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa
kuat)
NaOH(aq)

CH3COOH(aq)

m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

b. Ditambahkan 0,3 mol CH3COOH(aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam

lemah)
NaOH(aq)

CH3COOH(aq)

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,3

b:

0,2

0,2

0,2

s:

0,1

0,2

c. ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COONa(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa
kuat)
NaOH(aq)+

CH3COONa(aq)

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

0,1

33
KIMIA DASAR II

d. Ditambahkan 0,2 mol HCl (aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa kuat)
NaOH(aq)

HCl(aq)

NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

0,1

36. Which of the following would form a buffer if added to one liter of 0.20 M
HC2H3O2?
a. 0.10 mol NaC2H3O2
b. 0.10 molNaOH
c. 0.30 molNaOH
d. 0.10 molHCl
Explain your answer.
Answer:
CH3COOH(aq) = 0,2 M x 1 L = 0,2 mol
a. ditambahkan 0,1 mol CH3COONa(aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam
lemah)
CH3COOH(aq) +CH3COONa(aq)
m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

b. ditambahkan 0,1 mol NaOH(aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam lemah)
CH3COOH( (aq)+

NaOH(aq)

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

0,1

34
KIMIA DASAR II

c. ditambahkan 0,3 mol NaOH(aq) (tidak terjadi buffer, karena sisa basa kuat)
CH3COOH( (aq)+

NaOH(aq)

CH3COONa(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,3

b:

0,2

0,2

0,2

s:

0,1

0,2

d. ditambahkan 0,1 mol HCl (aq) (terjadi buffer, karena sisa asam lemah)
CH3COOH (aq)

HCl(aq)

CH3COOH Cl(aq) + H2O(l)

m:

0,2

0,1

b:

0,1

0,1

0,1

s:

0,1

0,1

37. Calculate the pH of a solution that is prepared by mixing 2.00 g propionic

acid, HC2H3O2, and 0.45 g NaOH in water (Ka propionic acid = 1.4 x 10-5).
Answer:
2 gr HC3H5O2 + 0,45 gr NaOH
Ka = 1,4 x 10-5
MrHC3H5O2 = 36 + 6 + 32 = 74 gr/mol
MrNaOH = 40 gr/mol
Mol HC3H5O2 =

2
74

MolNaOH

0,45
40

= 0,027

= 0,01125

HC3H5O2 (aq) + NaOH(aq) C3H5O2Na(aq) + H2O (l)

35
KIMIA DASAR II

m: 0,027

0,01125

b: 0,01125

0,01125

0,01125

s: 0,01575

0,01125

[H+] = 1,4 x 10-5

=1,4 x 10-5

0,01575
0,01125

7
5

= 1,96 x 10-5
pH = 5 log 1,96
= 5 0,29
= 4,71

36
KIMIA DASAR II

37
KIMIA DASAR II