Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 1)

EXPERIMENT NO.1
AIM: To generate sine, square and triangular waveform with same frequency, amplitude and
phase using LabVIEW.
Apparatus Required: PC, LabVIEW 8.5.
Theory:
FREQUENCY: It is the number of occurances of a repeating event per unit time. In other
words, it is defined as the number of frequency is Hertz (HZ).In other words, it is defined as the
number of cycles per unit time. It is usually denoted by f.
Mathematically:
f=1/T or f=c/
Where T=time period, c=velocity of light, =wavelength.
AMPLITUDE: It is the magnitude of change in the oscillating variable with each oscillation or
oscillatory system.
PHASE: Phase is sinusoidal function or waves having two different but closely related
meanings. One is the initial angle of a sinusoidal functions at its origin and is sometimes called
Phase offset. Phase of an oscillation or wave refers to a sinusoidal function such as:
x(t)=A cos(2ft +) ; y(t)=A sin(2ft +)=Acos(2ft +-/2)
Where A, f and are constant parameters called the amplitude, frequency and phase of the
sinusoid.
SINE WAVE: It is a mathematical function that describes smooth repetitive oscillation. Its most
basic form as a function of time (t) is:
y(t)=Asin(t+)
Where A is the amplitude of the peak duration of the function from its center position and is
the angular frequency specifies how many oscillations occur in a unit time in radians per second.
SQUARE WAVE: It is the kind of non-sinusoidal waveform most typically encountered in
electronics and signal processing. An ideal square wave alternates regularly and instantaneously
between the two levels. Using Fourier expression with cycle frequency f and time t, we can
write an ideal square wave as infinite series of the form:

Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology

Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 1)

Xsq(t)=4/

k=1

sin 2 ( 2 k1 )
ft
2 k1

TRIANGULAR WAVE: It is a non- sinusoidal waveform named for its triangular shape.It is a
periodic piecewise, linear, continuous function. It contains only odd harmonics.

Mathematically:

Xtriangle =8/

( t )k
k=0

sin 2 ( 2 k 1 ) t
(2 k +1)2

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

Fig.1.1 : LabVIEW Block Diagram for Waveform Generation with same parameters
PROCEDURE:
1. Open LAB VIEW in PC.
2. Click on blank VI. This opens two windows in the computer namely block diagram and
front panel window.
3. Press ctrl+t on the keyboard to title block diagram window and front panel window.
4. Right click on the block diagram window to open function tool bar. Go to signal
processing options.
Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology

Department of AE&IE

Biomedical Instrumentation Laboratory (Experiment 1)

5. Clicking on signal processing option opens signal processing pallet. This pallet contains
different generations. Signal processing tool box opens.
6. Clicking on waveform generations option opens another waveform menu /tool pallete
with different waveform generation options.
7. Drag and drop sine waveform, square waveform and triangular waveform tools on the
block diagram window.
8. Right click on front panel, go to numeric control in express tool bar pallete.
9. Drag and drop numeric control options to control sine, square and triangular waveform.
This places a numeric control option in the front panel window and a corresponding
numeric control icon for each input in the block diagram window. All the controls are
common for all three waveforms.
10. Connect frequency, phase and amplitude controls to the respective control points on
different icons.
11. Right click on the front panel, go to graph indicator option in expression tool bar.
12. Drag and drop graph option for each waveform output in the front panel window. This
places an individual graph for waveform output in front panel window and a
corresponding waveform graph icon in the block diagram window.
13. Connect the waveform graph icon to the respective signal option for the each waveform
generation icon.
14. Click on run continuously button to generate sine, square and triangular waveform with
same frequency, amplitude and phase.
15. Change the parameters in the front panel to observe the variations in generated
waveforms.
RESULT:
Sine, Square and Triangular waveforms with same phase, frequency and amplitude are generated
and controlled successfully using LabVIEW.

Mahant Bachittar Singh College of Engineering and Technology