2.ekistics The Science of Human Settlements

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Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements
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The Science of Human Settlements
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5 Principles of Human Settlements

1. Maximization of man's potential contacts with the
elements of nature (such as water and trees), with other
people, and with the works of man (such as buildings and
roads.
2. Minimization of the effort required for the
achievement of man's actual and potential contacts.
3. Optimization of man's protective space
4. Optimization of the quality of man's relationship with
his environment
5. Optimization dependent on time and space, on actual
conditions, and on man's ability to create a synthesis
PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO
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It is in accordance with this principle that

man abandoned the Garden of Eden and is
today attempting to conquer the cosmos.
It is because of this principle that man
considers himself imprisoned, even if
given the best type of environment, if he
is surrounded by a wall without doors.
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Gives structures the shape, or

selects the route, that requires
the minimum effort, no matter
whether he is dealing with the
floor of a room, which he tends
to make horizontal, or with the
creation of a highway.
Which means the selection of

such a distance from other
persons, animals, or objects
that he can keep his contacts
with them (first principle)
without any kind of sensory or
psychological discomfort.
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Which consists of nature,
society, shells (buildings and
houses of all sorts), and
networks (ranging from roads
to telecommunications)
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CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
Settlements that have achieved

a balance between man and his
man-made environment, by
complying with all five
principles.
By Ekistics Elements
By Ekistics Units
By Ekistics Functions
By Evolutionary Phases
By Factors & Disciplines
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Settlements that have achieved
a balance between man and his
man-made environment, by
complying with all five
principles.
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EKISTICS FRAMEWORK
Doxiadis posited a convenient way of
organizing information and mapping out the
components and relationships of the elements
within the human settlements realm. He
suggests to have a Classificatory System that
will be a methodology to establish the
hierarchical structure and links among
elements of system.
Two Classificatory Dimensions:

1. First Dimension - Relative to scale:
Lower End the individual, the room, and
the dwelling; and increase in size all the way
into the
Other Extreme the city, the urban
continent, and the world-wide city which
he called an ECUMENOPOLIS
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EKISTICS FRAMEWORK
Five Environmental Elements:
2. Second Dimension mans five Environmental Elements:
2. MAN
- constantly
adapting and
changing
- can
contribute
many
important
inputs to the
better
organization
of urban life
Nature
Man
Society
Shells
Network
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1. NATURE
- represents
the ecosystem
within which
rural
settlements
must exist
3. SOCIETY
comprises all those

aspects of the urban or
rural scene that are
commonly dealt with
by sociologists,
economists and
administrators:
population trends,
social customs, income
and occupations, and
the systems of urban
government
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4. SHELLS
6. SYNTHESIS
the built
environment, is the
traditional domain
of the architectural
and engineering
professions
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arises from a
consideration of the
interactions of all the
ekistic elements in
terms of a single
ekistic unit
can comprise a single
ekistic element in
terms of the whole
range of ekistic units
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5. NETWORK
-
provide the glue for

all systems of
urbanization
To respond to man's
demands,
transportation,
communication and
utility networks must
all expand even
faster than the
anticipated growth of
settlements.
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The Five (5) Environmental or EKISTICS Elements grouping

in 2 Basic Elements:
(Container) NATURE providing
the foundation upon which the
settlement is created and the frame
within it can function
(Content) MAN an individual,

Homo Sapiens
- biological needs (oxygen, nutrition)
- sensation and perception (5
senses)
- emotional needs (satisfaction,
security, sense of belonging)
- moral values
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(Content) SOCIETY a group of

individuals sharing the same
culture, values, norms, and
traditions
(Container) SHELLS or the
structures within which man lives
and carries out his different
functions, the built component.
(Container) NETWORKS or the
natural and man-made system
which facilitate the functioning of
the settlement, or links within
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6. SYNTHESIS
NOTE:
- can arise from synergetic associations
with the total result having positive
benefits greater than the individual
inputs. for example, a health facilities
program and air pollution control in
conjunction may lead to lower
mortality rates than predicted by each
of the independent programs
Question #8 (1 point)
Human settlements are no longer satisfactory for their

inhabitants
ECONOMICALLY SPEAKING
- dont have the means to satisfy their basic needs
- remain homeless or live in houses of very low quality
SOCIAL POINT OF VIEW

- man appears to be lost in the big cities
- feels abandoned by progress in many small towns/villages
What do we call the largest group

of human settlement?
POLITICAL LEVEL
- new types of societies and new types of people have not found their
corresponding political institution.
TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW

- most settlements dont have the facilities indispensable to their proper
functioning in spite of the technological achievements
Ans. Ecumenopolis
AESTHETICALLY
- the ugliness of human settlements around
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By Ekistics Units
Four Basic Groups:
1.
2.
3.
4.
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Minor Shells or Elementary Units man (anthropos), room,

house
Micro-settlements units smaller than, or as small as the
traditional town where people used, do and still achieve
interconnection by walking (House group, Small
Neighborhood)
Meso settlements between traditional town &
conurbation within which one can commute daily (small
polis, polis, small metropolis, small megalopolis, small
eperopolis, eperopolis
Macro settlements whose largest possible expression is
the Ecumenopolis
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15 Levels of Ekistics (Ekistics Logarithmic Scale)

Ecumenopolis - a theoretical
construction in which the entire area
of Earth that is taken up by human
settlements, or at least, that those
are linked so that to create urban
areas so big that they can shape an
urban continuum through thousands of
kilometers which cannot be
considered as a megalopolis. As of the
year 2009, the United Nations
estimated that for the first time more
than 50% of the world's populations
lived in cities, so if these were linked,
the total population of this area would
be about 3,400,000,000 people as of
2010.

By Ekistics Units
What do we call the largest group

of human settlement?
Ans. Ecumenopolis
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Megalopolis - a group of
conurbations, consisting of
more than ten million people
each.
Greater Buenos Aires (12.046.799)

Greater La Plata (694.253)
Zrate / Campana
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New delhi - estimated 2014

population of 17.8 million.

Conurbation - a group of large cities and their suburbs, consisting
of three to ten million people.
Another example of Megalopolis.
New York - Population (2014) Total 8,491,079
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Metropolis a large city and its suburbs consisting of multiple
cities and towns. The population is usually one to three million.
Population of 2,535,000
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The most populous city in Metro Manila,

accounting for 23.3% or about 2.8 million
of the total 11.9 million population in the
whole region.
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Large city a city with a large population and many services.
The population is <1 million people but over 300,000 people.
Batangas Population: 305,607 (2010)
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Antipolo Population: 677,741 (2010)

City a city would have abundant services, but not as many as a
large city. The population of a city is over 100,000 people up to
300,000.
Manila with 13.9 percent (1.7 million)
Caloocan City with 12.6 percent

(1.5 million)
The population of the city as of the May 1, 2010 census is 138,865 people.
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What is my home town which
Town a town has a

population of 1,000 to 20,000.
according to community scale it is
Village a village generally does

not have many services, possibly
only a small corner shop or post
office. A village has a population
of 100 to 1,000.
under large town having a population

range of 20,000 100,000?
Ans. Gonzaga
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Population (2010)
Total 16,200

Large town a large town has a population of 20,000 to 100,000.
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Hamlet a hamlet has a tiny
population (<100) and very
few (if any) services, and few
buildings.
Isolated dwelling an
isolated dwelling would only
have 1 or 2 buildings or
families in it. It would have
negligible services, if any.
Population - 64,147
Population 36,046
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By Ekistics Functions
Based on Sizes
Based on Location of Settlements
Based on Physical Form
Based on Five Human Elements
Based on Functions
Based on Time Dimension
Based on Degree of Societys Conscious Involvement
in Settlements Creation
Based on Institutions, Legislations and
Administration
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By Evolutionary Phases
Macro scale-nomadic, agricultural, urban,

urban industrial
Micro scale-specific area at a limited period of
time
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MAJOR PROJECTS OF C.A. DOXIADIS

Islamabad
Akara
Khartum
Brazil
Cyprus
Ethiopia
France
Greece
Jordan
Iraq
Libya
Mexico
Pakistan
Saudi Arabia
Sudan
USA
Washington DC
DYNAMETROPOLOIS
Islamabad will be the capital of
the nation and will serve mainly
administrative and cultural
functions.
Rawalpindi will remain the
regional center serving industrial
and commercial functions.
It has been designed on the basis
of the Ideal City of the future and
to form a dyna-metropolis.
Each is planned to develop
dynamically towards the southwest, their center cores growing
simultaneously and together with
their residential and other
functions.
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4. ISLAMABAD The sketch

indicates growth of functions
in the direction of the citys
future expansion.
3. DYNAMETROPOLIS- The
central function of
Islamabad and Rawalpindi
5. RAWALPINDI
6. THE NATIONAL PARK
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7. MASTER PLAN OF THE

METROPOLITAN AREA
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2.ekistics The Science of Human Settlements

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12/7/2015

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

It is in accordance with this principle that

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

Gives structures the shape, or

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Which means the selection of

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Settlements that have achieved

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

5 Principles of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Two Classificatory Dimensions:

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Five Environmental Elements:

2. Second Dimension mans five Environmental Elements:

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Five Environmental Elements:

Five Environmental Elements:

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

comprises all those

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Five Environmental Elements:

Five Environmental Elements:

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Five Environmental Elements:

provide the glue for

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

The Five (5) Environmental or EKISTICS Elements grouping

(Content) MAN an individual,

(Content) SOCIETY a group of

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

Five Environmental Elements:

Human settlements are no longer satisfactory for their

SOCIAL POINT OF VIEW

What do we call the largest group

TECHNICAL POINT OF VIEW

PREPARED BY: Ar. PIO

Ekistics: The Science of Human Settlements

CLASSIFICATION OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

Minor Shells or Elementary Units man (anthropos), room,