CHEM 139: General Chemistry Prep

Homework 4 (Thursday February 4):

Chapter 11: 45, 47, 51, 53, 60, 61, 63, 70, 73, 75, 80, 81, 105.
Chapter 5: 11, 13, 17, 19, 35, 39, 41, 43, 45, 49, 59, 63.
Chapter 11:
45.

The 1s orbital is closest to the nucleus and lowest in energy, so it is always filled
first.

47.

Valence electrons are those in the outermost (highest) principal energy level of an
atom. These electrons are especially important because they are at the outside
edge of an atom, and are those electrons that are seen by other atoms and can
interact with the electrons of another atom in a chemical reaction.

51.

a. 1s22s22p63s23p3
b. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
c. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
d. 1s22s22p1

53.

a. 1s()
b. 1s() 2s() 2p()()()
c. 1s() 2s() 2p()()() 3s() 3p()()() 4s()
3d()()()()() 4p()()()
d. 1s() 2s() 2p()()() 3s() 3p()()() 4s()
3d()()()()() 4p()()() 5s() 4d()()()()()
5p()()()

60.

a. aluminum
b. potassium
c. bromine
d. tin

61.

a. [Ar] 4s23d1
b. [Kr] 5s24d1
c. [Xe] 6s25d1
d. [Rn] 7s26d1

63.

a. eight
b. three
c. five
d. six

70.

The metallic elements lose electrons and form positive ions (cations); the
nonmetallic elements gain electrons and form negative ions (anions). Remember
that the electron itself is negatively charged.

73.

Cs: The valence electron is farther from the nucleus than in Li or K.

75.

The nonmetallic elements are clustered at the upper right side of the periodic
table. These elements are effective at pulling electrons from metallic elements for
several reasons. First, these elements have little tendency to lose electrons
themselves (they have high ionization energies). Secondly, the atoms of these
elements tend to be small in size, which means that electrons can be pulled in
strongly since they can get closer to the nucleus. Finally, if these atoms gain
electrons, they can approach the electronic configuration of the following noble
gas elements (see Chapter 12 for why the electronic configuration of the noble
gases are desirable for other atoms to attain).

80.

Ionization energies decrease in going from top to bottom within a vertical group;
ionization energies increase in going from left to right within a horizontal period.
a. Li b. Ca c. Cl d. S

81.

Atomic size increases in going from top to bottom within a vertical group; atomic
size decreases in going from left to right within a horizontal period.
a. Xe < Sn < Sr < Rb
b. He < Kr < Xe < Rn
c. At < Pb < Ba < Cs

105.

Orbitals in the 1s and 2s subshells can only contain two electrons.

Chapter 5:
11.

a. correct
b. incorrect; lead(II) chloride
c. correct
d. incorrect; sodium sulfide
e. correct

13.

a. As the chloride ion has a 1 charge, the tin ion must have a 4+ charge: the name
is tin(IV) chloride.
b. As the sulfide ion has a 2 charge, the iron ion must have a 3+ charge: the
name is iron(III) sulfide.
c. As the oxide ion has a 2 charge, the lead ion must have a 4+ charge: the name
is lead(IV) oxide.
d. As the sulfide ion has a 2 charge, each chromium ion must have a 3+ charge:
the name is chromium(III) sulfide.
e. As the oxide ion has a 2 charge, the copper ion must have a 2+ charge: the
name is copper(II) oxide.

f. As the oxide ion has a 2 charge, each copper ion must have a 1+ charge: the
name is copper(I) oxide.
17.

Remember that for this type of compound of nonmetals, numerical prefixes are
used to indicate how many of each type of atom are present. However, if only one
atom of the first element mentioned in the compound is present in a molecule, the
prefix mono is not needed.
a. krypton difluoride
b. diselenium hexasulfide
c. arsenic trihydride
d. xenon tetroxide
e. bromine trifluoride
f. diphosphorus pentasulfide

19.

a. iron(II) phosphide, ferrous phosphide ionic

b. calcium bromide ionic
c. dinitrogen pentoxide nonionic
d. lead(IV) chloride, plumbic chloride ionic
e. disulfur decafluoride nonionic
f. copper(I) oxide, cuprous oxide ionic

35.

a. ammonium nitrate
b. calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium bicarbonate
c. magnesium sulfate
d. sodium hydrogen phosphate
e. potassium perchlorate
f. barium acetate

39.

a. hydrochloric acid
b. sulfuric acid
c. nitric acid
d. hydroiodic acid
e. nitrous acid
f. chloric acid
g. hydrobromic acid
h. hydrofluoric acid
i. acetic acid

41.

a. CoCl2
e. CaH2

b. CoCl3
f. MnO2

c. Na3P
g. MgI2

d. FeO
h. Cu2S

43.

a. CS2
e. CO2

b. H2O
f. NH3

c. N2O3
g. XeF4

d. Cl2O7

45.

a. NH4NO3
b. Mg(C2H3O2)2
c. CaO2
d. KHSO4
e. FeSO4
f. KHCO3
g. CoSO4
h. LiClO4

49.

a. Na2O2
b. Ca(ClO3)2
c. RbOH
d. Zn(NO3)2
e. (NH4)2Cr2O7
f. H2S(aq)
g. CaBr2
h. HOCl(aq)
i. K2SO4
j. HNO3(aq)
k. Ba(C2H3O2)2
l. Li2SO3

59.

a. chloric acid
b. cobalt(III) chloride; cobaltic chloride
c. diboron trioxide
d. water
e. acetic acid
f. iron(III) nitrate; ferric nitrate
g. copper(II) sulfate; cupric sulfate

63.

Answers are given, respectively, for the M1+, M2+, and M3+ ions:
a. M2CrO4, MCrO4, M2(CrO4)3
b. M2Cr2O7, MCr2O7, M2(Cr2O7)3
c. M2S, MS, M2S3
d. MBr, MBr2, MBr3
e. MHCO3, M(HCO3)2, M(HCO3)3
f. M2HPO4, MHPO4, M2(HPO4)3