CHEM 139: General Chemistry Prep

Homework 7 (Thursday February 25):

Chapter 7: 11, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 40, 41, 49, 53, 59, 63, 65, 66, 69, 81, 93.
11.

a. insoluble (Rule 6: most sulfide salts are insoluble.)

b. insoluble (Rule 5: most hydroxide compounds are insoluble)
c. soluble (Rule 2: most salts of Na+ are soluble; Rule 4: most sulfate salts are
soluble.)
d. soluble (Rule 2: most salts of NH4+ are soluble.)
e. insoluble (Rule 6: most carbonate salts are insoluble.)
f. insoluble (Rule 6: most phosphate salts are insoluble.)
g. insoluble (Exception to Rule 3)
h. insoluble (Exception to Rule 4)

17.

The precipitates are marked in boldface type.

a. No precipitate: both (NH4)2SO4 and HCl are soluble.
NH4Cl(aq) + H2SO4(aq) no precipitate
b. Rule 6: Most carbonate salts are only slightly soluble.
2K2CO3(aq) + SnCl4(aq) Sn(CO3)2(s) + 4KCl(aq)
c. Rule 3: exception to rule for chlorides
2NH4Cl(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) PbCl2(s) + 2NH4NO3(aq)
d. Rule 5: Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly soluble.
CuSO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) Cu(OH)2(s) + K2SO4(aq)
e. Rule 6: Most phosphate salts are only slightly soluble.
Na3PO4(aq) + CrCl3(aq) CrPO4(s) + 3NaCl(s)
f. Rule 6: Most sulfide salts are only slightly soluble.
3(NH4)2S(aq) + 2FeCl3(aq) Fe2S3(s) + 6NH4Cl(aq)

21.

The products are determined by having the ions switch partners. For example,
for a general reaction AB + CD , the possible products are AD and CB if the
ions switch partners. If either AD or CB is insoluble, then a precipitation reaction
has occurred. In the following reaction, the formula of the precipitate is given in
boldface type.
a. (NH4)2SO4(aq) + Ba(NO3)2(aq) 2NH4NO3(aq) + BaSO4(s)
Rule 4: BaSO4 is a listed exception.
b. H2S(aq) + NiSO4(aq) H2SO4(aq) + NiS(s)
Rule 6: Most sulfide salts are only slightly soluble.
c. FeCl3(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) 3NaCl(aq) + Fe(OH)3(s)
Rule 5: Most hydroxide compounds are only slightly soluble.

25.

The products are determined by having the ions in the two aqueous ionic reagents
switch partners. For example, for a general reaction AB + CD , the possible
products are AD and CB if the ions switch partners. If either AD or CB is
insoluble according to the solubility rules in Table 7.1, then a precipitation
reaction has occurred. Answers will vary for each student.

29.

Ca2+(aq) + C2O42(aq) CaC2O4(s)

33.

H+(aq) + OH(aq) H2O; formation of a water molecule

40.

In general, the salt formed in an aqueous acidbase reaction consists of the

positive ion of the base involved in the reaction, combined with the negative ion
of the acid. The hydrogen ion of the strong acid combines with the hydroxide ion
of the strong base to produce water, which is the other product of the acidbase
reactions.
a. H2SO4(aq) + 2KOH(aq) K2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l)
b. HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)
c. 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH)2(aq) CaCl2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
d. 2HClO4(aq) + Ba(OH)2(aq) Ba(ClO4)2(aq) + 2H2O(l)

41.

An oxidationreduction reaction is one in which one species loses electrons

(oxidation) and another species gains electrons (reduction). Electrons are
transferred from the species being oxidized to the species being reduced.

49.

a. Co(s) + Br2(l) CoBr3(s)

Balance bromine: Co(s) + 3Br2(l) 2CoBr3(s)
Balance cobalt: 2Co(s) + 3Br2(l) 2CoBr3(s)
Balanced equation: 2Co(s) + 3Br2(l) 2CoBr3(s)
cobalt is oxidized, bromine is reduced
b. Al(s) + H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2(g)
Balance sulfate ions: Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + H2(g)
Balance hydrogen: Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
Balance aluminum: 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
Balanced equation: 2Al(s) + 3H2SO4(aq) Al2(SO4)3(aq) + 3H2(g)
aluminum is oxidized, hydrogen is reduced
c. Na(s) + H2O(l) NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Balance hydrogen: Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Balance sodium: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
Balanced equation: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
sodium is oxidized, hydrogen is reduced
d. Cu(s) + O2(g) Cu2O(s)
Balance copper: 2Cu(s) + O2(g) Cu2O(s)
Balance oxygen: 2Cu(s) + 1/2 O2(g) Cu2O(s)
Balanced equation: 4Cu(s) + O2(g) 2Cu2O(s)
copper is oxidized, oxygen is reduced

53.

For each reaction, the type of reaction is first identified, followed by some of the
reasoning that leads to this choice (there may be more than one way in which you
can recognize a particular type of reaction).
a. precipitation (from Table 7.1, BaSO4 is insoluble).
b. oxidationreduction (Zn changes from the elemental to the combined state;
hydrogen changes from the combined to the elemental state).
c. precipitation (From Table 7.1, AgCl is insoluble.)
d. acidbase (HCl is an acid; KOH is a base; water and a salt are produced.)

e. oxidationreduction (Cu changes from the combined to the elemental state; Zn

changes from the elemental to the combined state.)
f. acidbase (The H2PO4 ion behaves as an acid; NaOH behaves as a base; a salt
and water are produced.)
g. precipitation (From Table 7.1, CaSO4 is insoluble); acidbase [Ca(OH)2 is a
base; H2SO4 is an acid; a salt and water are produced.]
h. oxidationreduction (Mg changes from the elemental to the combined state; Zn
changes from the combined to the elemental state.)
i. precipitation (From Table 7.1, BaSO4 is insoluble.)
59.

Compounds like those in parts (a) and (b) of this problem, containing only carbon
and hydrogen, are called hydrocarbons. When a hydrocarbon is reacted with
oxygen (O2), the hydrocarbon is
almost always converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor. Because water
molecules contain an odd number of oxygen atoms, and O2 contains an even
number of oxygen atoms, it is often difficult to balance such equations. For this
reason, it is simpler to balance the equation using fractional coefficients if
necessary, and then to multiply by a factor that will give whole number
coefficients for the final balanced equation.
a. C6H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C6H6 + O2 6CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C6H6 + O2 6CO2 + 3H2O
Balance oxygen with fractional coefficient:
C6H6 + 15/2 O2 6CO2 + 3H2O
Balanced equation: 2 C6H6 + 15O2 12CO2 + 6H2O
b. C5H12 + O2 CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C5H12 + O2 5CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C5H12 + O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
Balance oxygen: C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
Balanced equation: C5H12 + 8O2 5CO2 + 6H2O
c. C2H6O(l) + O2(g) CO2 + H2O
Balance carbon: C2H6O(l) + O2(g) 2CO2 + H2O
Balance hydrogen: C2H6O(l) + O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O
Balance oxygen: C2H6O(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O
Balanced equation: C2H6O(l) + 3O2(g) 2CO2 + 3H2O

63.

a. CaO(s) + H2O(l) Ca(OH)2(s)

b. 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
c. P2O5(s) + 3H2O(l) 2H3PO4(aq)

65.

a. CaSO4(s) CaO(s) + SO3(g)

b. Li2CO3(s) Li2O(s) + CO2(g)
c. 2LiHCO3(s) Li2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)
d. C6H6(l) 6C(s) + 3H2(g)
e. 4PBr3(l) P4(s) + 6Br2(l)

66.

a. 2Al(s) + 3Br2(l) 2AlBr3(s)

b. Zn(s) + 2HClO4(aq) Zn(ClO4)2(aq) + H2(g)
c. 3Na(s) + P(s) Na3P(s)
d. CH4(g) + 4Cl2(g) CCl4(l) + 4HCl(g)
e. Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s)

69.

a. 2Fe3+(aq) + 3CO32(aq) Fe2(CO3)3(s)

b. Hg22+(aq) + 2 Cl(aq) Hg2Cl2(s)
c. no precipitate
d. Cu2+(aq) + S2(aq) CuS(s)
e. Pb2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) PbCl2(s)
f. Ca2+(aq) + CO32(aq) CaCO3(s)
g. Au3+(aq) + 3OH(aq) Au(OH)3(s)

81.

For each reaction, the type of reaction is first identified, followed by some of the
reasoning that leads to this choice (there may be more than one way in which you
can recognize a particular type of reaction).
a. oxidationreduction (Mg changes from the elemental state to the combined
state in MgSO4; hydrogen changes from the combined to the elemental state.)
b. acidbase (HClO4 is a strong acid and RbOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
c. oxidationreduction (Both Ca and O2 change from the elemental to the
combined state.)
d. acidbase (H2SO4 is a strong acid and NaOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
e. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, PbCO3 is insoluble.)
f. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, CaSO4 is insoluble.)
g. acidbase (HNO3 is a strong acid and KOH is a strong base; water and a salt
are produced.)
h. precipitation (From the Solubility Rules of Table 7.1, NiS is insoluble.)
i. oxidationreduction (both Ni and Cl2 change from the elemental to the
combined state).

93.

2Zn(s) + O2(g) 2ZnO(s)

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s)
2Fe(s) + O2(g) 2FeO(s); 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) 2Fe2O3(s)
2Cr(s) + O2(g) 2CrO(s); 4Cr(s) + 3O2(g) 2Cr2O3(s)
2Ni(s) + O2(g) 2NiO(s)