Chapter 36 Section 4: Terrorism (Case Study: September 11, 2001)

*Terrorism: the use of violence to force changes in societies and governments

WHAT IS TERRORISM?
Modern Terrorism
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Traditional Motives
o Gaining independence
o Expelling foreigners
o Changing society
o Forcing concessions from their enemies
Radical religious and cultural motives
The goal of these terrorists is to eliminate what they consider evil that might be
located in their own or other countries

Terrorist Methods
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Bomb and bullet

Biological and chemical agents (eg. Release of bacteria or poisonous gases into the
atmosphere)
Cyber terrorism: terrorism that involves politically motivated attacks on
information systems (eg. Hacking into computer networks or spreading computer
viruses)

Responding to Terrorism
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Tracking down and punishing terrorist groups which includes infiltrating groups to
gather information on membership and future plans and striking back harshly after
a terrorist attack
Making it more difficult for terrorists to act which involves eliminating extremists
sources of funds and persuading governments not to pro0tect or support terrorist
groups and tightening security measures

TERRORISM AROUND THE WORLD

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The first problem concerning terrorism is the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in
Munich, Germany (then West Germany) in which Palestinian terrorists killed 2
Israeli athletes and took 9 hostage

Middle East
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Israeli-Palestinian conflict over Middle East

Groups such as Palestine Islamic Jihad, Hamas, Hizballah have sought to prevent a
peace settlement between Israel and the Palestinians

Europe
-

Catholic Irish Republican Army (IRA) engaged in terrorist attacks against Britain
because it opposed British control on Northern Ireland

Eventually, an agreement was made

Asia
-

Taliban
Osama bin Laden: a Saudi Arabian millionaire involved in terrorist activities who
moved to Afghanistan wherein he began using mountain hideouts as a base of
operations for al-Qaeda(global network of Muslim terrorists)
Aum Shinrikyo

Africa
Latin America
CASE STUDY: SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 ATTACK ON THE UNITED STATES
The Destruction
The Impact of the Attack
UNITED STATES RESPOND
The Hunt for Osama bin Laden
Antiterrorism Measures
Aviation Security