Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
The SR drive components are located in the converter cabinet. The following are the key components
located in the cabinet
Transformer card
GF resistor
Generator suppression
VR panel
1. DRIVE MODULE
2. INTERFACE CARD
3. IGBT SWITCH
4. CAPACITOR BANK
1. VR PANEL
SR CONVERTER GROUP
Each of the 4 Converter groups for the SR system consists of the following basic components:
a. Drive Module (1) /Interface cards (2)
b. Diode Bridge Rectifier/ Braking Chopper (1)
c. Phase Panels (3)
The heatsinks for the Powerex IGBT modules are cooled by air flow. The air is provided by the blower to
an air plenum at the top of the electrical cabinet. The air splits into 4 paths to cool the four stacks t of
Powerex Panels. The air exits each stack of panels at the bottom and then exhausts though a hole
where the PTO oil cooler is mounted. Care must be taken when cleaning in the PTO area to not
contaminate the cabinet with water.
1. DC CAPACITOR BANK
2. CONNECTION TO INTERFACE
CARD
3. HIGH SIDE
4. LOW SIDE
5. CURRENT MONITOR
6. MOTOR PHASE COILS
7. POSITIVE BUS
8. NEGATIVE BUS
1.
2.
TO TRANSFORMER CARD
3.
TO VR CARD
4.
5.
SR IGBT INTERFACE
6.
24v / GROUND
7.
8.
#3 PHASE IGBT
9.
#2 PHASE IGBT
1. SCRs
2. AC FUSES
3. CURRENT SENSOR +/-15V
Address Connector
NOTES
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
INTERFACE CARDS
(950 and L1350 S/N 2016 and up)
INTERFACE CARDS
The top panel of each converter section contains a drive module and two interface cards.
The two interface cards are used to connect the IGBT switches and drive circuitry to the drive module and
to the 24 volt supply and the bus voltage sources. The VR converter controls also attach to the drive
module through the card on Converter 4.
The upper board is called the diode/chop (left) Interface card and the bottom card is called SR (right)
Interface card.
NOTE: These boards were located in left and right positions on the first Semikron brand SR drive system
used in the L=1350.
Cable Connections
There are two 15 pin D-sub connectors and two 9 pin D-sub connectors on each card (similar to the serial
and video connectors on a PC computer).
The D-sub connector at the right in the picture above is a 15 pin on the diode/chop card and a 9 pin on
the SR card. The cable connected to these joins together at the 24 pin circular connector that attaches to
connector 1 of the drive module.
The next connector on the cards is a 9 pin on the diode/chop card and a 15 pin on the SR card. These
attach to connector 2 of the drive module. The third connector has the same arrangement as one and the
fourth connector the same as two.
CONN 14 (labeled CHOPPER) on the diode/chop interface card connects to the chopper IGBT
converter.
NOTE: CONN1, CONN 2 and CONN3 are not used. They are labeled ACT BR. ACT BR means Active
Bridge. This provision was included on the interface card but was never used. This was going to be
another converter group that would be between the AC generator and the bus and allow regeneration to
the generator. This was never implemented.
The diode/chop interface card has a green 10-pin connector labeled CONN 9 XFMR CARD that connects
to the transformer/divider card. This brings AC voltage phase and amplitude, and fuse status information
to the drive system.
There is also a 15 pin D-sub connector that goes to the voltage regulator panel labeled CONN 12 VR
CARD. This is only used on Converter 4. This connects VR SCR firing and feedback signals to Drive
Module #4 which controls the generator regulation system.
The green connector labeled TO RT CONN5 connects the 24-volt and +/- 15 volt supply from the SR
Interface card to the Diode/Chopper Interface card of the two cards together. The other green connector
is not used in this application.
Direct feed-through for the chopper gate, error signals and current feedback from the IGBT drive
boards
Heatsink temperature measurement for the Diode Bridge and chopper.
SR Interface Card
The SR interface card has three D-sub connectors that goes to the three SR IGBT sections. (6
connectors on the Semikron system) CONN1 SR 11 goes to Phase 1 or the top converter panel. The
next goes to Phase 2 or the second converter panel and so forth. The three connector slots (CONN5,
CONN6 and CONN7) are not used for the 950 and 1350 with Powerex panels. They are used on the
Semikron systems.
There are several P/N for the various SR Interface cards. See the component interchangeability chart in
the Appendix.
There is terminal strip that connects to the 24-vdc system supply (derived from the machine battery) and
to the DC bus voltage. The green 6-pin connector is the address input. A plug at each converter location
sets the address so the LINCS system can identify the drive module required program.
The connector CONN4 provides the 24-volt and +/- 15 volt supply for the Diode/Chopper card.
SR Interface card
SR (right) Interface card provides:
Direct feed-through for SR gates, error signals and current feedback from the IGBT drive
boards.
Address connector.
Converter bus voltage is present when the red LED lights are glowing on the lower
interface card located at the top of each power conversion group.
For troubleshooting it is important to note that the power supply will shut down in the case of an
overload or short circuit but in most cases the power supply will recover after the short circuit or
overload is removed.
The 15V generated by the power supply on this card is NOT used on the Powerex Panels. The
green LED indicators on the panel for 15V are for the internally generated supplies on each
Powerex driver board. Each Powerex driver board has its own independent 15V power supply.
The 24V and 15V is also passed via the green connector and a jumper cable to the Diode
Chopper Interface card power the op amps on that card.
24V and 15V passed on to the Diode/Chopper Interface card (#1, 2, 3 positions)
In the #4 motor position the 15V is also passed on from the Diode Chopper Interface card to the
VR interface card. This is used to power the various op amps on the VR interface card and is
also used to power the current transducer.
24V and 15V passed on to the VR Interface card and Current transducer (#4 position only)
24V and 15V passed on to the VR Interface card and Current transducer
The 24V and 15V power comes in the cable that goes from the Diode Chopper Interface card to
a connector on the upper left side of the VR interface card. The 15V power for the transducer
exits on the right side of the VR interface card.
These LEDs will glow bright red if one or more of the buses are energized
Converter bus voltage (up to 730VDC) is present in the electrical cabinet when the red LED lights
are glowing on the lower interface card located at the top of each power conversion group.
Red LEDs are also present on the Bus Voltage card on back wall of the electrical cabinet.
DO NOT ENTER THE CABINET. DO NOT TOUCH anything in the cabinet if these LEDs are
lit.
Under normal operating conditions the bus will automatically discharge within 2 seconds
of the machine going to low throttle. However, under some fault conditions, the bus
discharge circuit does not function. Under these conditions it may take up to 5 minutes
for the bus to fully discharge.
High Intensity LEDS are also present on the Bus Voltage card on back wall of the
electrical cabinet. DO NOT TOUCH anything in the cabinet if these LED are lit.
PHASE PANEL
PHASE PANEL
The phase panels used in the 950 and 1350 are different. They look the same so care must be taken to
assure that the proper panel is used. The panels cannot be mixed on a given machine.
Machine
Part Number
950
424-7006
900A
1350
425-1401
1400A
Service Parts:
Qty
P/N
Description
AR
425-4120
Shim kit
425-4116
Driver card
425-1589
425-4102
IGBT Module
10
425-0521
Capacitor
It is critical that the locations of the wires are carefully noted when a driver board is removed or
changed. A wire misconnected or left off can cause an immediate failure of the IGBT or driver
board.
One IGBT module is used as the high side switch and the other module is used as the low side switch.
The module is a standard module used for Variable Speed AC motor control and includes both high and
low side switches. Only one of the two switches is used in this application.
The modules cannot be moved around to a different position in order to use the opposite switch.
There is a diode in parallel with each of the IGBT switches. The diode for the unused switch is
used as part of the SR control circuit. If something goes wrong with a switch it would not work
in the opposite position. It would likely explode when power was applied.
Each panel also includes power capacitors for the DC bus. All of the panels are connected together at
the bus so that all capacitors on all panels are charged by the diodes on the Diode/Chopper Panel. There
are two 450VDC electrolytic capacitors in series to give 900V maximum rating. The bus normally runs at
about 600-740V.
Capacitors Schematic
There is also an equalizer resistor across each capacitor. The resistors assure that the voltage drop
across the two capacitors in series is equal. It also provides a discharge path and the capacitors will
normally discharge in 4-5 minutes when the generator goes off line.
The equalizer resistors shown in the picture MUST be in place across each capacitor or the
capacitor can explode when it is first charged.
Diode Bridge
A diode bridge rectifier creates the front end. This front end rectifies the three-phase AC power to DC,
creating a DC bus as shown in illustration. The DC bus consists of a large number of storage capacitors.
The diode bridge consists of 3 1200V rated dual diode modules. There is a suppression network across
each of the diode modules to protect the diodes from both AC generator spikes and spikes that might be
present on the bus due to turn off inductances of the motor coils.
NOTE: The diode bridge rectifier and braking chopper are mounted on the same panel assembly
in current production 950 and 1350 machines.
The diodes for rectification used are dual diode packages as shown below.
Brake Chopper
The braking chopper is a single 1200V rated IGBT module that is connected between the negative bus
and one side of the braking grids. There is one braking chopper per motor control assembly. When the
system goes into a braking mode, power is regenerated from the motor through the phase switches to the
DC bus, causing an increase in bus voltage.
The chopper turns on and off in a controlled manner and dumps the excess energy to the braking grids.
The chopper circuit turns on automatically when an increase of bus voltage to 730 VDC is detected. It
turns off when the voltage decreases below 710 VDC
It is critical that the locations of the wires are carefully noted when a driver board is removed or
changed. A wire misconnected or left off can cause an immediate failure of the IGBT or driver
board.
The low side switch of an IGBT module is used on the chopper panel. The module is a standard module
used for Variable Speed AC motor control and includes both high and low side switches. Only one of the
two switches is used in this application.
The modules cannot be moved around to a different position in order to use the opposite switch.
There is a diode in parallel with each of the IGBT switches. The diode for the unused switch is
used as part of the SR control circuit. If something goes wrong with a switch it would not work
in the opposite position. It would likely fail immediately when power was applied.
Each panel also includes power capacitors for the DC bus. All of the panels in one motor control group
are connected together at the bus so that all capacitors on all panels are charged by the diodes on the
Diode/Chopper Panel. There are two 450VDC electrolytic capacitors in series to give 900V maximum
rating. The bus normally runs at about 600-740V.
Chopper Capacitors
There is also an equalizer resistor across each power capacitor. The resistors assure that the voltage
drop across the two capacitors in series is equal. It also provides a discharge path and the capacitors will
automatically discharge in 4-5 minutes when the generator goes off line.
The equalizer resistors shown in the picture MUST be in place across each capacitor or the
capacitor can explode when it is first charged.
POWEREX PANEL
REMOVAL
AND
INSTALLATION
PROCEDURE
Powerex Panel
The panels are mounted onto studs on the wall of the electrical cabinet.
To remove a panel:
1. Remove the cables to the panel
a. Motor leads (Phase Panels)
b. AC leads (Diode/Chopper Panel)
c.
2. Remove the air seals between heatsinks. The seal consists of a thin piece of aluminum with
piece of rubber acting as a seal. This is mounted over the gap between the heatsinks.
a. This is held in place with several small screws. Take care not to drop any of the small
screws and lock washers.
If any of the small screws or washers are dropped they must be found. This could cause a short
circuit on one of the panels or on the GF resistors or suppression network.
3. Remove the bolts, washers and shims between the panels on the + and DC bus.
If any of the nuts or washers are dropped they must be found. This could cause a short circuit
on one of the panels or on the GF resistors or suppression network.
The original machines used a separate lockwasher and nut. Newer machines use a 425-5295 3.816UNC KEP NUT where the washer is an integral part of the nut. It is recommended that the Kep
nut type of nut be used any time a panel is replaced. The lockwashers and nuts are difficult to
remove and install in several of the locations.
Kep Nut
5. Remove the panel. Take care not to damage the studs or another panel while removing.
DO NOT install one side completely onto the studs and attempt to force the other side to go on.
4. Install the nuts. Kep Nuts as shown are recommended. Tighten all nuts to the proper Grade 8
torque.
5. There will normally be a gap between panels. This gap must be filled with electrically conductive
shims. The shims should be coated with an anti oxidant coating with suspended zinc particles
such as Burndy Penetrox A or Ideal Noalox.
DO NOT tighten down the bolts without first filling the gap with shims. This could cause the bar on the +
and bus to break.
If any of the small screws or washers are dropped they must be found. This could cause a short
circuit on one of the panels or on the GF resistors or suppression network.
7. Reconnect the cables to the panel
a. Motor leads (Phase Panels)
b. AC leads (Diode/Chopper Panel)
c.
INDICATOR LIGHTS
AND SIGNALS
POWEREX IGBT PANELS
Indicator Lights
Each of the Powerex SR panels used in the 950 Loader and Dozer and some L1350SR models have a
series of LED indicator lights on the white cover panels. The Driver cards on the panels are provided 24V
power from the machine.
Name
Description
Green
+15V
Internally generated power supply. (Each panel has its own +15V power
supply)
Derived from 24V that is supplied to the panel.
On whenever LINCS is booted up
LED indicates presence of 15V voltage. Dims if voltage drops below 15V.
Name
Description
Green
-15V
Internally generated power supply. . (Each panel has its own +15V power
supply)
Derived from the +24V supply
On whenever 24V is supplied to the panel.
On whenever LINCS is booted up.
Stays on when +15V signal is greater than 12V
Turns off when +15V goes lower than 12V
Green
+5V
Internally generated power supply. . (Each panel has its own +15V power
supply)
Derived from the +24V supply
On whenever 24V is supplied to the panel.
On whenever LINCS is booted up
LED on indicates the presence of 5V voltage. Dims if voltage drops below 5V.
Red
OVERTEMP
Over temperature.
Normally off whenever 24V is supplied to the panel
Normally off whenever LINCS is booted up.
Lights up whenever the driver card on the panel senses a heatsink
temperature over 98C ( 2C) for more than 1 ms.
This is a latched circuit. Reset is reduction in temperature
Note that the LINCS system will begin cutting back prior to getting this alarm.
Red
PHASE OC
Name
Description
Red
OVERVOLT
Over voltage
Normally off whenever 24V is supplied to the panel
Normally off whenever LINCS is booted up.
Lights up whenever the driver card on the panel senses a DC bus voltage over
920VDC
This is a latched circuit on the phase panels but it will reset with no pulses for
8 microseconds. In practice this will reset when the bus bleeds down through
the equalizing resistors to lower than 920VDC. Reset is also by setting and
releasing park brake.
NOTE: It is unlikely that this light will be seen during normal operation. LINCS
Drive Module monitors voltage and it will provide an alarm and shut off the
package at 830VDC.
Red
UVLO
Undervoltage lockout
Normally off whenever 24V is supplied to the panel
Normally off whenever LINCS is booted up.
Lights up whenever the driver card on the panel senses that the +15VDC
supply has gone below 12VDC.
This is a latched circuit on the panels but it will reset with no pulses for 8
microseconds. In practice this will mean that it will reset when 24V supply
comes back. If the +15V supply is failing on the panel the signal will likely
never reset. Reset is also by setting and releasing park brake.
Signal Name
Description
Shield
Lo Side Switch
Phase Error
Hi Side Switch
0-15 V signal controlling the duty cycle of High Side Switch IGBT
Logical OR
10
GND
11
GND
12
Heatsink Temperature
13
GND
14
Iout
Notes:
1. Open collectors can be pulled up to 30 V max and sink 50mA continuous.
2. Do not connect a 15 VDC and 24 VDC source to the unit at the same time, use one or the other.
3. GND signals to be used for analog feedback signals, i.e. twisted pair with Iout.