CASE DOCTRINES ON STATCON

MID-TERM
1.) Romulo Mabanta v. HDMF
And / or
The Board of Trustees of HDMF
cannot exercise its rule making
power by issuing a regulation not
consistent with the law it seeks to
apply.
2.) Marine Mammals v. Angelo Reyes
Moot and Academic
3.) Caltex v. Palomar & Manila Jockey
Club v. GAB
Inquiry is made to see whether the
language
used
sufficiently
expresses its meaning to know what
the author meant by its language
4.) Perfecto v. Meer 1950
Income does not include the salaries
of judges. Thus, judges are exempt
from paying income tax
Judicial officers are exempt from the
payment of income tax on their
salaries because it constitutes a
decrease or diminution of their
salaries during the continuance of
their office which is expressly
prohibited by the constitution.
5.) Endencia v. David 1953
RA 590: No salary by a public officer
is exempt from tax
Such law invaded the jurisdiction of
the judiciary. The act of interpreting
the Constitution or any part of it by
the legislative is an invasion of the
well-defined
and
established
province and jurisdiction of the
judiciary.
6.) Nitafan v. CIR 1987
The SC ruled that all members of the
Judiciary are liable to pay income
taxes as shown during the debates,
interpellations
and
opinions
expressed by the framers of the
Constitution.

The primary task of constitutional

construction is to ascertain and
assure the realization of the purpose
of the framers and of the people in
the adoption of the Constitution.
7.) People v. Macarandang 1959
Peace officers are exempted from the
issuance of license of firearms. It
includes secret agents of the governor.
8.) People v. Mapa 1967
The law is clear and explicit, it does
not have a
provision for secret
agents.
9.) People v. Jabinal 1974
While Jabinal was arrainged the
Macarandang doctrine was prevailing,
however, when the decision was
promulgated the Mapa doctrine was
in place
Jabinal is acquitted. Stare Decisis
and Retroactivity of Laws more
favorable to the accused
10.)

Garica v. SSS
Unremitted SSS contributions
Sections must be understood or
interpreted as a whole and not by
parts

11.)

Daoang v. IAC
Adopting a grandchild
The law must be applied according
to its literal meaning
The law is clear and unambiguous

12.)
People v. Purisima
PD 9 Illegal Possession of a deadly
weapon
The preamble showed the intent and
spirit of the law. PD 9 should then be
made
applicable
to
rebellion,
subversion, insurrection.. etc.
13.)

Aisporma v. CA
Unlawfully acting as an insurance
agent

 Legislative intent must be ascertained

from the whole statute

Relation of RA 1180 (Retail Trade

Nationalization Act) to CA 108 (AntiDummy Law)
19.)

14.)

Chinabank v. Ortega
Refusal to comply with a court
process garnishing a bank deposit

It was not the intention of the

Congress to enable debtors to evade
payments of debts

15.)
City of Baguio v. Marcos
Inconsistency between the title and
the body of the law
Title: Declared Public Land
Body: Have been or about to be
declared as public land
The title of the act is always indicative
of legislative intent
16.)
People v. Subido
Libel case against the mayor
The use comma in penalties
Subsidiary imprisonment in case of
insolvency
qualifies
both
nonpayment of indemnity and nonpayment of fines
17.)
National Federation of Labor v.
NLRC
Employees
were
demanding
separation pay as provided in Art. 283
of the Labor Code, .the employer
MAY terminate the employment of the
employee.
Employer is not liable because such
law is applicable only to voluntary
closures or reduction of personnel
Literal Meaning What is not clearly
provided in law cannot be extended to
those matters outside its scope
If the statute is clear, plain and free
from ambiguity, it must be given its
literal meaning
18.)
King v. Hernaez
Harmonization of Laws

US v. Toribio
Slaughtered Carabao without permit

20.)
Paras v. COMELEC
WON general election covers SK
elections?
No., every part of the statute must be
interpreted with reference to the
whole context
21.)
Abellana v. Marave
Whether the ICA should be dismissed
because the petitioners failed to
reserve such right upon the institution
of the criminal case for physical
injuries?
No. Literal Construction of the law is
not favored because Art. 33 of the
NCC involves a substantive right and
cannot be made nugatory by
Construction.
22.)
Salvacion v. Central Bank
WON foreign currency deposit act is
applicable to a foreign transient?
Yes. When a statute is silent or
ambiguous it is presumed that the law
making body intended right and
justice to prevail.
23.)
Chua v. CSC
RA No. 6683: Early Retirement
benefits of regular, temporary, casual
and emergency employees of the
government
Includes co-terminous employees
Doctrine of Necessary Implication
What is implied in a statute is as
much as part of what is expressed
Casus Omissus A person, object or
thing omitted from an enumeration
must be held to have been omitted
intentionally
24.)

Guerrero v. COMELEC

 Is the word qualification the same

in the Election Code with the
Constitution?
No, where the law does not
distinguish, the courts should not
distinguish

appointment of all employees of the

board other than the board secretary
who is to be appointed by the board
itself.
Construction of the law should be
harmonized with its amendments.

25.)
Alonto v. People
BP 22. The law does not distinguish
WON checks within its contemplation
are used in payment of an obligation
or as guarantee of the said obligation
When the law does not distinguish,
the courts should not distinguish

31.)
Sitchon v. Aquino
There is a public nuisance. This case
falls on art. 694 classifying as a
nuisance the obstruction of free
passage of any public highway or
street. It is public because it affects a
community or neighbourhood. The
constructions in fact constitute
nuisances per se, obstructing at all
times the streets. As such, the
summary removal of these may be
authorized by statute or ordinance.

26.)
Carandang v. Santiago
WON Physical Injuries has the same
meaning in the RPC with the NCC?
No., General terms are used.
27.)
Mutuc v. COMELEC
Political jingles are not prohibited under
the Constitutional Convention Act
Ejusdem Generis Only the distribution
of gadgets of the kind referred to as a
means of inducement to obtain a
favorable vote for the candidate
FINALS
28.)
Dialdas v. Percides
The transfer of business cannot be
considered as voluntary retirement
from business because the Retail
Trade Law did not expressly or
impliedly repealed Sec. 199 of the
NIRC.
29.)
Magtajas v. Pryce Properties
Ordinances should not contravene a
statute
because
local
councils
exercise only delegated legislative
powers conferred to them by
Congress.
30.)
Almeda v. Florentino
The power of the vice-mayor to make
appointment
pursuant
to
the
amendatory act is limited to the

32.)
De Joya v. Lantin
The BOC has jurisdiction to seize
goods
and
institute
forfeiture
proceedings because said articles
were released irregularly from Cebu.
33.)
Azarcon v. Sandiganbayan
The BIRs power authorizing a private
individual to act as a depositary
cannot be stretched to include the
power to appoint him.
Where the language of a statute is
clear and unambiguous, the law is
applied according to its terms and
interpretation would be resorted to
only where a literal interpretation
would be either impossible or would
lead to injustice.
34.)
Centeno v. Pornillos
Charitable is different from religious
purposes because where a statute
by its terms is expressly limited to
certain matters, it may not by
interpretation or construction be
extended to others.
35.)
Laurel v. Abrogar
Penal laws are construed strictly.

 Only movable properties are subject

to theft. International long distance
do not belong to PLDT.

When the language of the law is

clear and unequivocal, the law must
be applied to mean exactly what it
says.

36.)
ATC v. CA
The fact that 2 holidays fall on the
same date should not operate as to
reduce 10 to 9 holiday pay benefits.

Strict Construction

Liberal Construction

Construction according to the letter of a Equitable construction as will enlarge the

statute which recognizes nothing that is not letter of a statute to accomplish its intended
expressed, takes the language used in its purpose, carry out its intent or promote justice.
exact meaning and admits no equitable
consideration.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Penal Laws strictly against the State

Statutes in Derogation of Rights
Statutes Authorizing Expropriations
Statutes granting Privileges
Legislative grants to LGUs
Statutory grounds for Removal of
Officials
7. Naturalization Laws
against the
applicant for citizenship
8. Statutes Imposing Taxes and Customs
Duties against the Government
9. Statutes granting Tax Exemptions
10. Statutes concerning the Sovereign
11. Statutes Authorizing suits against the
Government
12. Statutes Prescribing Formalities of a
Will
13. Exceptions
14. Provisos

Prospective Laws

1. Penal laws liberally in favor of the

accused
2. General Social Legislations
a. Labor Laws
b. Tenancy Laws
c. Land Reform Laws
d. Social Security Laws
3. General Welfare Clause
4. Grant of Power to LGUs
Taxing power
5. Statutes Imposing Taxes and Customs
Duties liberally in favor of the taxpayer
6. Statutes prescribing prescriptive period
to collect taxes
7. Statutes imposing penalties for nonpayment of taxes liberally in favor of
the government
8. Election Laws
9. Amnesty Proclamations
10. Statutes Prescribing Prescriptions of
Crimes
11. Adoption Statutes liberally in favor the
child to be adopted
12. Veteran and Pension Laws
13. Rules of Court
14. Curative Statutes
15. Redemption laws
16. Instrument of Credit
17. Probation Laws
18. Laws granting powers to an Agency by
the Constitution

Retroactive Laws

One which operates upon facts or transactions One which creates a new obligation, imposes a
that occur after the statute takes effect, one that new duty or attaches a new disability in respect to
looks and applies to the future.
transaction already past.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Penal Laws
Substantive Laws
Statutes affecting Vested Rights
Statutes affecting Obligations of Contracts
Repealing and Amendatory Acts

1. Penal Laws favorable to the accused

2. Procedural Laws
Exceptions:
a. When expressly provided otherwise
b. Where it would impair vested rights or
pending proceedings
3. Remedial Statutes
4. Administrative Statutes
5. Curative Statutes
6. Statutes relating to Prescription
7. Statutes relating to Appeals