Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures
CE-505: Prestressed Concrete Design

M. Engg. (Civil), Fall 2016
Lecture 07 08
Flexure: Working Stress Analysis and Design
CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design
Fall 2016
Objectives
Q1: What is meant by analysis versus design?
Q2: In how many ways can the analysis of a prestressed concrete member be
approached?
Q3: How to determine extreme stresses in a prestressed concrete section?
Q4: How to compute the necessary prestressing force. F, and its eccentricity, eo, at
the critical section of a given beam?
Q5: Can an optimum design, that is, a minimum prestressing force at a maximum
eccentricity , be achieved? Is the maximum eccentricity practical and feasible?
Q6: If a concrete beam section is not given, how is a suitable section determined?
How to select the most suitable section from a given set of beams?
Q7: Given the necessary prestressing force at the critical section of a beam, how to
place the tendons along the span or at any other section? How to detail the
reinforcement at the critical section in span, and at the support section? How to
select the location of draping points?
Q8: How to determine the cracking moment of the section?
Q9: What precautions must be taken to design the end block s of a beam?
Analysis Vs Design
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Analysis
The analysis or investigation process can be defined as
follows: Given problem description and beam characteristics
(such as loadings, span, cross-sectional dimensions, materials
properties of steel and concrete, etc .) check if specified
design criteria are satisfied at every section along the
member.
Design criteria involve many facets, such as flexure, shear,
cracking, camber, and deflections , but are limited in this
chapter to flexural stresses under service conditions as
specified by available codes of practice. It is important,
however, to view the overall problem before getting into the
details of every step.
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Fig. 4.2: Major steps to

be undertaken in the
analysis or investigation
of beams.
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Design
In flexure, design usually implies the determination of some unknowns to

satisfy specified allowable stresses under working load conditions. The
complexity of the design increases with the number of unknowns
involved, thus covering a whole range of specific problems.
For example, a design problem may imply the determination of the shape
of the beam cross-section, its dimensions as well as the prestressing force
and its eccentricity.
If a rectangular shaped beam is desired, only four unknowns will have to

be determined namely b, h, F, and eo.
The number of unknowns is reduced to three for a slab and can be equal
to eight for an ideal I beam. If a beam cross section is selected a priori, say
from a set of standard shapes, then only two unknowns are left, namely
the prestressing force F and its eccentricity eo.
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Fig. 4.3
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Major design steps after a beam cross section is selected.
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Design
It is important to realize that the design process described in Fig.
4.3 involves generally a repetitive procedure within each step and
between steps in order to obtain a satisfactory and close-tooptimum solution.
Often the designer has to assume a practical value for some of the
unknowns in order to start the first cycle.
For instance, in selecting the size of a rectangular beam, the
designer may assume a depth equal to four percent of the span and
a width equal to half the depth.
Once a satisfactory cross section has been arrived at, the problem is
reduced to finding the values of F and eo, and becomes
substantially simpler.
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Iterative steps and possible remedies in the flexural design process.
Concepts of Prestressing
Figure: Three concepts used to analyze prestressed concrete elements.
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Concepts of Prestressing
Three different concepts may be applied to analyze the behavior of

prestressed concrete members.
The first concept treats prestressed concrete essentially as an elastic

composite material with no specific consideration of the two major
components, steel and concrete, Fig. (a).
The second concept treats prestressed concrete in a way similar to

reinforced concrete, where, in analyzing the section, the concrete
component is seen to carry the compressive force while the steel
component carries the tensile force, Fig. (b).
The third concept used in analyzing prestressed beams is called the load
balancing concept. Here the entire concrete member is considered a free
body subjected to externally applied loads including its own weight. The
prestressing force and the steel profile are selected to directly balance
part of these external loads, Fig.(c).
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Notations for Flexure
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Sign Convention
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Stress Limit States
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Stress Limit States
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Prestressed Concrete Design

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CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

CE-505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Flexure: Working Stress Analysis and Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Fig. 4.2: Major steps to

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

In flexure, design usually implies the determination of some unknowns to

If a rectangular shaped beam is desired, only four unknowns will have to

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Major design steps after a beam cross section is selected.

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Iterative steps and possible remedies in the flexural design process.

CE -515: Design of Steel Structures

Figure: Three concepts used to analyze prestressed concrete elements.

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Three different concepts may be applied to analyze the behavior of

The first concept treats prestressed concrete essentially as an elastic

The second concept treats prestressed concrete in a way similar to

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Notations for Flexure

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Stress Limit States

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

Stress Limit States

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

CE -505: Prestressed Concrete Design

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