History

Fingerprint A
• 1901 Introduction
England and Wal
Edward Richard H
System, used eve
History
History of Fing
• 1902 First system
York Civil Service
pioneers U.S. fing
•• 1924
1903 AnTheact
NewofYo
• In earlier civilizations
Division
systematicofusetheofF
maiming were used t
• Leavenworth
1904 The use ofco
History of
for what he was.
F.B.I. Fin
fingerprin
Penitentiary
f
in Ka
were assisted by
• 1946 The F.B.I
Detec
• • The thief was deprive
Around 1870 a
duty at the
French
cards in
St. Lou
anthrop
manua
• 1905 The use of
committed the thieve
measure and record
millionIdentifyi
the
later the dimen
cards.
U.S. Nav
the body. • With
Marine the introdu
Corp. Dur
• The Romans employ
 Charac
Fingerprint
Approximately five p

Evalu
Fingerprint
•

Characteristics
• Fingerprints are found on all

• • Johannes
They are unique
Purkinjie
Minutia
people and some animals.
to thenine differen
described
individual
recognized and
today as remain
four main types whos
fingers. These four
unchanged ELLIPSE.
mainatypes
over Anare
lifetime. arch,is•te
Ellipse
• The pattern of ridges on the wh
ovalshaped
Arch patterns are rare and the line-type
most comm
found in the
friction skin of the fingers,
center of Whorl patter
• Arch:palms, ridges enter
toes, sole from
of the footone
 Gain
Identifying
C
• Because of• the The biological
comparison p
permanence, prints, this makes footprintsth
Comparing Fin
identification of
L personsscien
fingerprint
• No matter
by
how s
• The identification of individu
of one fingerprint,is the fromadditional
an u
known prints tha
comparing it to
Fingerprint •
matching a
Latent
expert.
fingerprint
prints
techniques ar
categories: eye.
minutae -basedTheyand arecoc
• The characteristics
• This are
ability
materials first
II:
com
is
that
Identify ga
Spe
Minutiae-based
I: Mark Print techniques
number are• inThe
that they are
•
work
from
type
How
agreement
under
Patterns
method
their relative placement on the fin
the
of
Fingerprint
onthe
same
surface
com
1us
fi
stfo
g
p
However, there are some difficu
• Classifying
difficult to prints
anyone
the general were
who
• 1. Dust the surfacep
extract the minutiae left
exp
pat
them crime
demanding.
to quality. lab.
be stored inpowder
appropriate a filin
is of low
retrieved • They
the
for
Also this method area are
Itcomparison.
isdoes notcomp
difficult,
containing but
take
can have
choose
don't been
the
get at
app
discouth
 Techniques for Dev
Reasons
• • Fingerprin
1. “Powder Dusting - a powder of
WHY
moreUSEthanF
contrasting color to the surface being
InkingCRIMINAL
A Perso
dusted is chosen. Impressions on
used in lawI
objects such as metal, plastic, glass,
tile and other non-porous surfaces are

fingerprint • Because o
easily processed with various
• The stepspowders. for inking finger
impressions • According
on the to
conclusive fromcard a
• 2. Iodine
WHY USE
Fuming - vapor
investigator
warmed
• Each
Fingerprint
iodine crystals
finger
among ad is dissolves
rolled in
throu
the skin oils in a latent print, yielding a
fundamenta
yellowthen CRIMINAL
brownthat finger
print. The impression
developed
latentcard. • However,
prints are photographed
– A fingerprin
immediately because they fade
• All (Lee
rapidly” its ground
rolling • The
140).should bebeindividu
made
found th
• roll back- aand
3. “Nynhydrin more soph forth.
upon
chemical the ge
possess
reagent id
 Types of fin
• There are three types
Arches (5%)
crime scenes.
Fingerprint
– Arches are
– visible prints into
ca
hills a
are made
colored materials such
• The fingerprints
– plastic Whorl
prints are(30%)can
formed
Why do peo
surface such as
three basic formatio
– clay,
Whorl is so
ci
– the
Loops fingerp
– Latent prints the
are print.
invisibl
body’s natural grea
– Arches
• The • sweat glands
Loops
Because in th
(65%)
it cannot be
fingerprint
produce
– Whorls a water powders,
– Loops based
are
 Common L
Further Clas
Found in F
Arch • Fingerprint Lo
(shapes) wh
Further
1. Plain Arch 1.Clas
Line-ty Radi
classificatio
2. Tented ArchArch,2. Loop
Ulna

• ROD-A
The 'Pattern
Rod
the center
straight linea
Line-typ
Good
the line-type
recurve fea P
• found
This area a
in the
• Fingerprint scan qualit
classificatio
SPIRAL-A Spi
fingerprint's
of any electronic finger
etc.).
from the cen
 Integrated
Line-types fou
Identific
• TENTED• ARCH-Resem
The Integrate
System
line-type•quickly rises
Line-types
steep angle.
More fou
commo
They finge
• National
H
tend
with Tentedmaintained
Arch patte by
• Criminal
United
• ISLAND-An Island is a Just
States
• ten
IAFIS provide
fingerprin
which stands alone. (i.
Line-types
• touch
LOOP-A •Loop Typica
Parts
another is a
offou
capabilities,rec
the
line-type
storage, and
la
enters and leaves
responses,
– Key
contained in the patter from
24
the fingerprint.
• MINUTIAE • As
– a result of
Major
POINTS
interest.) agencies rece
– Primary
define common mic
print fingerpri
 Law Enforceme
Phy
Syste
• AFIS is •part of one
Latent fing
Law Enforceme
in the U.S. . The ot
primaryChe
Syste
m
• Black fing
– Combined
• All bestDNA
three• systems Ind
resul
Chemical (A
all have
Development
• two Che
types
visualizing
Magnetic o
of
–
– Integrated Ballistics
Knowns-available
files of kno
specimens,
(IBIS)
• Fingerprint images
– residue,
Ninhydr
• Small
Silverpart
ni
inorganic and organ
 Bloody F
Chemical M
Sp
• Physical• Developer
Fingerprin
Combination
type process basedS
the sticky
onto latent Light
fingerpri
violet
• US Secret
Various Service
types of lig
Bloody
uses Fingerpr
colloidal gold
illuminate System
fingerprin
• Most com
Special
• Normally powder,
used after Siw
• Bloody (plant
Bright white lightpoll
•fingerprints
Latent dev
(5
– primarilyand water
compose
 Recognition, Co
Preservation of Fing
• Fingerprints are am
• Objects Test Toms
at a crime
believed to contain
collected
• If collection is impos
development techni
• Photographing of de
advisable