Bio-Solvents Galactic 2014

GalasterTM Bio-solvents
for CASE applications
Anton Kruf
Market Development Manager
2014
Agenda
Introduction
GalasterTM : Green Alternative to traditional

solvents
GalasterTM : Bio-solvents for CASE applications
www.lactic.com
Agenda
Introduction

solvents
www.lactic.com
Galactic is rooted in a strong network of companies
Since 1929 - Belgium
Holding company - Belgium
Galactics
Founder
Sugar, Food ingredients,

Real estate
Listed on NYSE Euronext

Assets (market value): 760
M
500 M Turnover
Serendip
Since 2000 Australia
Sugar production
Sugar mills
equipment
Since 2002 Belgium
Since 1998 Belgium
Since 2004 Belgium
Luxury
chocolates
Insulation
Processed food
Minority
participation
Minority
participation
Since 2011 - France

Natural extracts
Sugar production
Minority
participation
Since 1952 - China

Cereals, Oils and Foodstuff
Since 1929 - DMR Congo
Sugar production
Real Estate
Minority
participation
$25 Billion Turnover

JV: Asian production &
sales of Lactic Acid and
derivatives
www.lactic.com
JV: PLA (Polylactic

Acid) technology
Since 1920 - France

Oil, chemicals,
plastics
180 Billion Turnover
4
6
Galactic presence in the world
>370 employees
3 production sites
& application
centres (Belgium,
USA and China)
10% of our
staff in
Research &
Development
20+ patent
families
All production sites

FSSC 22.000
Escanaffles Belgium
1 innovation campus
(Belgium)
1 pilot facility for
fermentation &
downstream processing
(Belgium)
Milwaukee USA
Capacity 15 000 mT
Capacity 30 000 mT
Anderlecht Belgium
Innovation Campus
Tokyo Japan
Sales Office
Bengbu - China
Capacity 50 000 mT
Hong-Kong - China
Sales Office
Curitiba Brazil
Sales Office
5 sales offices
(Belgium, USA, China,
Japan and Brazil)
Commercial presence
in over 65 countries
1 administrative
centre (HongKong)
5
www.lactic.com
Develop performing chemical solutions

for a green future
Green
Clean
Bio-sourced
Safe
Safe for people (users &

workers)
Biodegradable
Safe for the environment
Very low CO2 foot-print
Replacement of substances
such as:
Safe from crude-oil

cycles
Cyclohexanone
Cresols
Glycol ether acetates
Ester alcohols
Chlorinated solvents
HCFCs
Etc.
Performing
Performance in line
with, or better than,
traditional
alternatives at no
additional cost
Co-developed, or
tested, by world
leaders in the field
www.lactic.com
Acids
Lactates
Galactic
Natural
Solutions
Proteins
www.lactic.com
Esters
www.lactic.com
Galactic product range centred on the living cell

L+ and D- Lactic acid, all grades
Galacid
Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn,

Fe... lactates
Blends with organic
acids, salts, essential
oils & flavours,
natural masking
agents
Acids
Salts &
Blends
Cultures
Galastar
Galaflow
Produced by
fermentation
Galixium
Galinium
Galimax
Methyl-, ethyl-, propyl, butyl-... lactates and

lactamides
Non-flammable blends
Galaster
Galasolve
Starter cultures
Food protective cultures
Probiotics
Esters &
Amides
Proteins
Fermenta
tes
Cultured sugars
Natural flavorings made by fermentation
Galimax
www.lactic.com
Food safety peptides:

Nisin, Natamycin, PolyLysine,...
Food safety enzymes
Galacin
Galazym
Agenda
Introduction

solvents
www.lactic.com
Green Alternative to traditional solvents
Galaster TM : Lactate esters Bio-solvents produced

by Galactic
GalasterTM : Alternative to traditional solvents
10
www.lactic.com
Lactate esters Bio-solvents produced by Galactic
GalasterTM :
Bio-solvents produced by Galactic through different

types of synthesis
Bio-solvents produced from renewable, bio-sourced

raw materials or from biomass
11
www.lactic.com
Sharing together the unlimited potential of

Lactic Acid
Our aim is to develop natural solutions based
on lactic-acid to replace existing harmful
products
Lactochemistry
With our long R&D history and focus, we

have built a strong competitive edge in
Lactochemistry
Key properties of lactic acid:
Available at large scale
Independent from crude oil cycles
Produced with fermentation technology
Natural, green, non-toxic &
environmentally friendly
Acid function
(carboxylic group)
Alcohol function
(hydroxyl group)
Lactic acid is one of the key bio-based building blocks of the future
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
12
Produced through different types of synthesis
1.
By direct classical Esterification:

Starting from Lactic Acid
+ EtOH
- H20
2.
Lactic Acid
By trans-Esterification :
Ethyl Lactate
From Esters (Replacement of

one alcohol by another)
Lactate Ester 1
Lactate Ester 2
From Lactide (Cyclic dimer of

Lactic acid)
Lactide
Lactate Ester
Remark: Choice of synthesis depending on the yield

13
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
Produced from renewable, bio-sourced raw
materials or from biomass
Lactic Acid of 1st generation : Lowest C02 footprint
Anaerobic Lactic bacterial (homo)fermentation:

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
2 C3H6O3 + 2 ATP
Natural, non-toxic & environmentally friendly

Biocompatible : naturally present in human body (Cori cycle)
Biodegradable
Sustainable, Renewable: derived from renewable carbohydrates
(sugar, corn, wheat or cellulose)
Available on a large scale, independent from crude oil cycles
Generates no CO2
14
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
materials or from biomass
Alcohol of 1st or 2nd generation
Most well-known : Bio-ethanol
Alcoholic fermentation using micro-organisms or yeasts

C6H12O6 + 2 ADP + 2 Pi
2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

15
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
materials or from Biomass
Other bio-sourced alcohols already available
Alcohol
Industries
Raw materials
Technology
Methanol
BIOMCN (NL)
Glycerin from vegetal oils (from

biodiesel production )
Bio Syngas
Methanol
Chemrec (Sude)
Biomass waste
Gasification
Methanol
Syntec Biofuel
Biomass waste
Thermochemical process B2A

(Biosyngas)
Isobutanol
Cathay Industrial Biotech (China)
Corn glucose
ABE Fermentation
Clostridium acetobutylicum
n-Butanol
Butamac (BP-Dupont)
Corn glucose, biomass waste, starch
Fermentation
(Levure modifi gntiquement)
n-Butanol
Gevo(Cargill)
Corn or beet glucose, corn biomass
Fermentation
(Modify E.Coli stock)
n-Butanol
Syntec Biofuel
Biomass waste

(Biosyngas)
n-Propanol
Syntec Biofuel
Biomass waste

(Biosyngas)
n-Propanol
Zeachem
Biomass waste
Isopropanol
Project
Corn glucose
Hydrolyse et Fermentation
Fermentation
(Modify E.Coli stockTA 76)
Isoamyl alcohol Oxiteno
www.lactic.com
Sugar cane glucose
www.lactic.com
Fermentation
16
Alternative to traditional solvents
Galaster TM :
A range of esters based on alcohol from C1 to C12 Key

physical properties
Other interesting physical properties
Environmental and Safety properties
17
www.lactic.com
A range of esters based on C1 to C12 alcohol
All GalasterTM solvents share the following structure:

1.
Organic, aliphatic, oxygenated
2.
Protic and Polar:

OH function free Hydrogen atom able to form hydrogen bond
When longer chain alcohols are used for synthesis, the solvent is
more likely to be non polar
This explains why Ethyl hexyl lactate is not soluble in water when
compared to Ethyl lactate
18
www.lactic.com
A range of esters based on C1 to C12 alcohol
Physical properties
GALASTER ML97
104.1
17.6
8.59
12.95
23.48
1.090
57
144
0.34
-0.53
Miscible
100
GALASTER EL98
118.1
16.7
6.45
11.6
21.33
1.030
60.5
153
0.22
0.06
Miscible
100
GALASTER NPL98.5
132.2
16.3
6.80
10.77
20.68
1.005
69
170
0.11
0.39
Miscible
55 ou 100
GALASTER IPL98 (*)
132.2
15.8
6.81
10.77
20.30
0.991
60
157
0.17
0.39
Miscible
100
GALASTER BL97
146.2
15.9
4.60
10.49
19.60
0.980
79
187
0.03
1.10
4.5
49 or 100
GALASTER IBL98
146,2
15,64
4.4
10.55
19.37
0.979
76
182
0,05
1.10
5.1
49 or 100
GALASTER IAL 98
160
15.8
3.70
9.9
19.01
0.961
85
202
0.02
1.62
0.3
46 or 100
GALASTER EHL95
202.3
16.0
2.15
8.27
18.14
0.940
113
246
0.002
3.17
0.03
36
GALASOLV NV 260
202.3
16.37
2.16
8.28
18.47
0.943
126
258
0.0001
3.17
0.03
36 or 100
GALASOLV NV 300 (*)
258,4
0.922
133,1
304
GALASOLV NF 62
118.6
1.030
61.5
154
16.7
6.41
11.58
21.31
(*) Currently being industrialised or developed
100
0.18
0.18
Miscible
100
19
www.lactic.com
The Hildebrand solubility parameter

Hildebrand Solubility parameter () and Hansen Solubility parameters relationship
2=d2+p2+h2
where
= Hildebrand parameter
d = dispersion contribution
p = polar contribution
h = hydrogen bonding contribution
The Hildebrand parameter provides a numerical estimate of the degree of interaction

between materials, and can be a good indication of solubility.
Materials with similar values of are likely to be miscible.
Note: Unit MPa1/2 (Si Units) is equivalent to (J/cm)1/2

Note: Unit MPa1/2 (Si Units) --Former unit (cal/cm)1/2
Conversion factor multiplied by 2,0455
www.lactic.com
20
Positioning regarding main traditional solvent
classes based on Petroleum
GALASTERs
21
www.lactic.com
Positioning regarding main traditional solvent
classes based on Petroleum
GALASTERs
22
www.lactic.com
3D Approach
Hansen Space and Polymer Solubility
A Solvent is determined using 3 HSP parameters
A Polymer is determined using 3 HSP parameters (centre of the solubility
polymer sphere) and R0 called Interaction radius (radius of the sphere
(obtained via experimentation and given in the table))
R0
Rule :
The nearer two molecules are in this
three dimensional space, the more
likely they are to dissolve in each
other
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
23
3D Approach
Rule : To determine if a solvent can dissolve a polymer or a resin,
the RED (relative energy difference) must be calculated
If
RED < 1 the molecules are alike and will dissolve

RED = 1 the system will partially dissolve (swelling)
RED > 1 the system will not dissolve
Where
Ra = Distance between solvent and centre of polymer solubility sphere
R0 = Interaction radius
Ra is calculated using following formula :
Ra = D(S-P) = [4(ds - dp)2 + (ps - pp)2 + (hs - hp)2]
Where
xs=Hansen component parameter for solvent
xp=Hansen component parameter for polymer
www.lactic.com
24
3D Approach
Poly (ethyl methacrylate) Lucite 2042

d = 17,6
p = 9,7
h = 4,0
R0 = 10,6
Ra = D(S-P) = [4(ds - dp)2 + (ps - pp)2 + (hs - hp)2]

Ra = D(S-P) = [4(ds 17,6)2 + (ps 9,7)2 + (hs - 4)2]
MEK
Galasolv NV260
Ethanol
16
16,7
15,8
6,45
8,8
5,1
11,6
19,4
Ra
3,455
8,459
15,9
RED =
Ra/R0
0,326 < 1
0,798 < 1
1,5 > 1
Conclusion
Best for PEMA
Very good for

PEMA
www.lactic.com
Cannot dissolve
PEMA
25
Physical properties :Evaporation Rate
Galaster TM : Low evaporation rate solvent
Slow drying : more than 30 minutes ( Ie >15 or Iab <0,8)

Medium drying : between 1 to 30 minutes (3< Ie <15 or 0,8< Iab <3)
Fast drying : less than 1 minute (Ie <3 or Iab >3)
Solvents
Iab
Ie
Results (rate)
Boiling point (C)
Acetone
5,6
2,1
Fast
56
Ethyl acetate
4,1
2,9
Fast
77,1
Ethanol
1,6
8,3
Medium
79
Toluene
6,1
Medium
110
N butyl acetate
12
Medium
126
Galaster EL 98
0,22
Slow
153
Galaster BL 97
0,035
Slow
187
NMP
0,04
Slow
202
302
DIN 53170 is the standard used for testing, using either diethyl ether (Ie) or butyl acetate (2
reference solvents)
26
www.lactic.com
Physical properties: Solubility in traditional
solvents
27
www.lactic.com
Physical properties : Hydrolysis
Galactic has developed a way of stabilising EL when in the presence
of water
Hydrolysis of EL 98 in function of
concentration and time at 40C
Hydrolysis of EL 98 in function of
concentration and time at 25C
60.0
EL 70%
45.0
EL 70% stabilized
2.3
% of EL hydrolized
% of EL hydrolized
3.0
1.5
0.8
0.0
0
2
Time (Weeks)
EL70 %
EL 70% stabilized
30.0
15.0
0.0
0
2
Time (Weeks)
28
www.lactic.com
Physical properties : Hydrolysis
Problem: As esterification is a reversible reaction, EL is prone to hydrolysis
Other Galasters are also sensitive to hydrolysis, they being more sensitive
when the ester is soluble in water.
Hydrolysis of Ethyl Lactate in function of concentration and
time at 25C
% of EL hydrolized
9.0
6.8
EL 60 %
EL 70 %
4.5
EL 80 %
EL 90 %
2.3
0.0
0
2
Time (Weeks)
29
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
Physical properties : Wetting
Wetting & contact angle
The contact angle shows the

ability of a liquid to wet a surface
Poor
Standard
Excellent
The method consists of measuring

the angle made by the tangent to
the drop profile and the substrate
Wettability is considered to be
good if the angle is less 90
30
www.lactic.com
www.lactic.com
Physical properties : Wetting
Galasters provide good wetting properties, acting like surfactants
Concentration (ppm)
31
www.lactic.com
GalasterTM Biosolvents
Other interesting physical properties :
Low VOC NON VOC
NON VOC solvent regarding paint legislation
European Paint Directive (2004/42/EC)
VOC if solvent has boiling point 250C at 101.3 kPa
Galasolv NV 260 and NV 300 are NON VOC

NON VOC solvent regarding general VOC classification
European Solvent Directive (EU Regulation 1999/13/EC )
VOC if solvent has vapour pressure at 20C (at 293K) 0.01 kPa
Galaster EHL95, Galasolv NV 260 & NV 300 are NON VOC
32
www.lactic.com
Galasters are low toxic products
Non-toxic for humans

Acute Oral Toxicity LD50 : > 2000 mg/kg body (WT)
Acute Inhalation Toxicity LC50 4h : > 5000 mg/m
Remark: Galaster EL 98,5 used in food industry : FDA approved,
JECFA, FCC, eco- and cosmos certified
Irritation to
Skin: No irritating to moderately irritating
Eyes: Pass the most critical property (R41)
Low environmental impact

Highly degradable (>50 % to 85 % after 28 days)
Does not deplete the ozone layer
Low toxicity towards aquatic organisms
33
www.lactic.com
Classification in terms of transportation
Inflammable Liquid
Packaging
group
Flash Point
( FP )
Boiling
Point
35C
II
FP < 23C
> 35C
III
23C FP 60.5C
> 35C
34
www.lactic.com
Classification in terms of storage and use
CLASSIFICATION
Class
Class I
Flash Point
Boiling Point
Flammable liquids
Class IA
T < 22,8C (73F)
T < 37.8C (100F)
Class IB
T < 22,8C (73F)
T 37,8C (100F)
Class IC
22,8C T < 37,8C (100F)
Class II
Class II
Class III
Combustible liquids
37,8C (100F) T < 60C (140F)
Combustible liquids
Class III A
60C (140F) T < 93C (200F)
Class III B
93C (200F) T
Why ? 37,8C : Normal temperature of workplace

35
www.lactic.com
7716876
Very low or Non Flammable in terms of transportation, storage and use
Flash Point
C
Boiling Point
C
Transport
Class
Storage
Class
Aceton
- 17,8
56,2
3 group II
IB
Ethyl acetate
- 4,4
77,1
3 group II
IB
MEK
-9
80
3 group II
IB
Ethanol
13
79
3 group II
IB
Toluen
4,4
110.6 (>38C)
Butyl acetate
27
126
3 group III
Xylen
27 - 32
138-144,5
3 group III
Galaster ML 97
57
144
3 group III (<60C)
37,8C< II <60C
Galaster EL 98
59
153
3 group III (<60C)
II
Galasolv NF 62
61,5
154
Not classified
IIIA
Galaster NPL98,5
69
170
Not classified
60C< IIIA <90C
Galaster BL 97
79
187
Not classified
IIIA
Galaster EHL95
113
244
Not classified
www.lactic.com
3 group II (<23C)
IB < 22,8C
22,8C < IC < 37,8C
IC
90C< IIIB 36
Agenda
Introduction

solvents
37
www.lactic.com
GalasterTM Bio-solvents for CASE applications
Solvent for resins State of art
Additives for solvent-based products
Additives for waterborne products : Coalescing agent
Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
Cleaning and degreasing
38
www.lactic.com
Additives for water-based products Coalescing agent
Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
39
www.lactic.com
Solvent for resins - State of Art
Resins
Acrylic
Type
Homopolymer : MMA, iBMA, EMA, nBMA
Copo : MMA/BMA, MMA/EMA, BMA Styren
Cellulose esters
Cellulose acetate, CAB, CAP
Polyvinyl chlroride
copolymers
Polyvinyl acetate
homopolymer
Polyvinyl butyral
VA/VC copolymer
Polyvinyl formal
Terpolymer Vinylalcohol, Vinyl acetate, Vinyl

formal
VA homopolymer
Terpolymer Vinylalcohol, Vinyl acetate, Vinyl
butyral
Phenoxy
Phenolic resins
Epoxy resin
Polyterpene resin
Alkyl phenol, Terpene phenolic , Modified

Novolac phenolic, phenolic
Galaster
Suppliers
EL98, NPL98, NF62,

BL97
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
BL97
Degalan Evonik , Elvacite Lucite
EL98, NPL98, NF62,

BL97
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
BL97
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
BL97
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
BL97
CA Eastman
EL98, NF62
EL98, NPL98, NF62,

BL97
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
BL97
Phenolic Novolac, Alkylphenolic Novolac,

EL98, NPL98, NF62,
Alkylphenolic Resol, Phenolic resol, Cresol
BL97
resol
Epoxy Novolac resin based on
EL98, NPL98, NF62,
Epichlorhydrin/bisphenol A, Epoxy resin
BL97
based Epichlrohydrine/bispnenol A (High &
Low Epoxy content)
www.lactic.com EHL95
Alpha pinene, Beta pinene, D-limonene
Degalan Evonik , Elvacite Lucite,

Neocryl DSM Neo Resins +
Solvin solvay, Vinnol Wacker

Vinnapas Wacker
Mowital Kuraray, Butvar Solutia
Vinylec - Chisso
Inchemrez Inchem
Durez Sumitomo Bakelite Europe
Bakelite Hexion Specialty chemicals
D.E.N, D.E.R Dow Plastics

40
Piccolyte Pinova
41
www.lactic.com
Example 1
Dissolution of VC/VA copolymer resin in Galaster
42
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Example 2
Dissolution of PMMA resin in Galaster EL 98
43
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Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
44
www.lactic.com
As weve just seen, Galasters are very high polar solvents and
show high solvency power with regard to polar polymers (vs.
acrylic, epoxy, acetate, .... resins), thus their use in solventbased formulations is possible
As co-solvents in high solid paints

As co-solvents in resins
As additives in chemical formulations
To increase open time, to control evaporation, to slow down
drying time
(High boiling point solvent Slow evaporation rate)
To improve wetting properties
(Contact angle improved on PVC, )
45
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Additives for waterborne products Coalescing agent
Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
46
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Film formation of acrylic emulsions
www.lactic.com
47
Film formation of acrylic emulsions
www.lactic.com
48
EU regulation: VOC Limits for waterborne paints
49
www.lactic.com
Coalescing agent for waterborne paints & inks
Replacement of conventional coalescing agents
Galactic currently proposes solutions for the replacement of
conventional coalescing agents
Galaster EHLTM 95
Galaster BLTM 97
Galasolv NV 260
Galasolv NV 300
A green & safer alternative to:

Glycols ethers : TPnB, DPnB, EEH, DB, EB
Ester alcohols : Texanol
50
www.lactic.com
Coalescing agent for waterborne paints
Formulation
Styrene acrylic resin (DC : 40%)
Pigment concentration in volume : 40%
Total dry content : 63,4 %
Density : 1,43
Coalescent concentration :
1,2 % on wet formulation
1,9% on dry formulation
6 % on dry resin
51
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Dry Content %
Density
Mass g
12,5
40
99
1,16
1,04
0,3
0,6
100
100
4,1
2,7
20
22
Mill base
Water
Coatex P90
Byk 093
Dispersing agent
Defoamer
Tiona 595
TiO2
Omyacoat 850 OG CaCO3
Total MB
55,4
Let down
Styren Acrylic
dispersion
Aqualflow NHS 300 Thickener
Axilat DS2100
Aquaflow XLS 525 Thickener

Mergal K10N
Biocide
Texanol or Galaster Coalescent
50
1,02
40
20
1,04
33,4
0
1,08
1,03
0,2
0,2
0,95
1,2
Total LD
44,6
Total
100
PVC
39,92%
Dry content
63,38%
Density
1,43
52
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Coalescing agent for waterborne
An MFFT Study* performed by CORI shows that Galaster BLTM and Galasolv NV 260
similar drying properties as Texanol (reference).
Minimal Formation Film Temperature Study
Temperature
Reference
Galaster BLTM
Galasolv NVTM 260
20
*: Minimal Formation Film Temperature derived from norm ASTM D1640 95

53
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Hardness, blocking and scrub resistance
Galaster BL97, Galasolv NV 260 versus Texanol
Blocking resistance
index*
10
8
6
4
2
0
Blocking Resistance
*: Based on norm ASTM D4946-89
% of thickness loss**
Scrub resistance
(washability)
Blocking resistance
Index
30%
0%
Reference (Texanol) Scrub Resistance

Galasolv NV 260
Galaster BL
**: Based on norm ISO 11998
54
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Hardness development Galaster BL97, Galasolv NV 260 VS Texanol
Evolution of Persoz hardness through time

125.
Persoz Hardness (s)
100.
75.
Reference (Texanol)
Galasolv NV260
Galaster BL
50.
25.
0.
1 Day
8 Days
28 Days
55
www.lactic.com
Galasolv NV 260 VS Texanol
Film Formation - Drying Time

ASTM D5895
Scrub Resistance
ISO11998
Drying Time (min)

Paints
23C / 50%
RH
8C / 40-60%
RH
Texanol
30 2
63 0
Galasolv
260
32 1
47 1
Galasolv 260
shows better drying time at low temperatures
compared to Texanol.
Paints
Loss in
Loss in film
coating mass thickness
(g/m)
(m)
Texanol
11.45
5.37
Galasolv
260
9.86
4.46
Galaster OL96 shows better resistance to abrasion compared to Texanol.
56
www.lactic.com
Galasolv NV 260 versus Texanol
Persoz Hardness - ISO 1522
Drying Time
Texanol
Galasolv 260
20C and 50%

RH
Tin Plate Steel
Tin Plate Steel
1 day
39,2 sec
39 sec
7 days
48 sec
64 sec
14 days
51 sec
73 sec
28 days
59 sec
85.4 sec
Galasolv NV 260 has faster hardness development than Texanol.
57
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Traditional coalescent agents VS Galaster
Water
Solubility Dispersion
Vapour
pressure Boiling
KPa 20 point
Polar Hydrogen
C
C
VOC
Mpa 1/2
Mpa 1/2
Mpa 1/2
< 0.1 %
15.1
6.1
9.8
0,0013
255
No/No
4.5%
15.7
6.5
10.0
0,0053
230
Yes/No
100%
16.0
7.0
10.6
0,002
230
Yes/No
100%
16.0
5.1
12.3
0,089
171
Yes/Yes
<0.2%
16.0
4.1
10.5
0.0023
229
Yes/No
100%
16.1
9.2
12.2
0,019
201
Yes/Yes
4.5%
15.9
4.6
10.5
0,03
187
Yes/Yes
Galaster EHL 95
0.03 %
16.0
2.2
8.3
0,002
246
Yes/No
Galasolv NV 260
0.03 %
16.37
2,16
8,28
0,0001
258
No/No
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol
Monoisobutyrate (Texanol)
Dipropylene Glycol n-Butyl Ether
(DpnB)
Diethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
(DB)
Glycol monobutyl ether (BG)
Ethylene Glycol 2-Ethylhexyl Ether
(EEH)
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether
(DE)
Galaster BL 97
Paint/solvent
58
VOC = European Paint Directive (2004/42/EC) Boiling point 250C at 101.3 kPa
VOC = European Solvent Directive (EU Regulation 1999/13/EC ) Vapour pressure 0.1 mm Hg ( 0.01 k Pa)
www.lactic.com
at 293K
Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
59
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Paint/Varnish Stripper
Galaster EL98 is currently used in various paint/varnish stripper formulations
Solvency power of EL98 is generally not sufficient to cover the stripping of all
type of paints and varnishes.
As the molecule size is too big, EL98 is used as a co-solvent in combination
with a powerful solvent having a lower molecular size.
Typical formulations
1.Paint Strippers:
- Ethyl Lactate / DMSO / Blend of high aromatic solvents
- Ethyl Lactate / DMSO / DBE (dicarboxylic acid ester)
2. Varnish Strippers:
- Ethyl Lactate / d-Limonene
60
www.lactic.com
52
Formulations
Galactic performed several tests : 3 formulations
Ref :
Sol 1 :
Sol 2 :
Sol 3 :
Reference commercial solvent-based paint stripper

Galaster EL 98 thickener Methocel 311
Galaster EL 98 / Galaster EHL 95 (80/20) thickener Methocel 311
Galaster EL 98 / GALACID 90% / Solvant A (60/5/35) thickener Methocel 311
Substrate
Masonry paint on fibro cement
Alkyd paint on wood
Results : Stripping behaviour of tested formulations depends on paint
and substrate
61
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Masonry exterior paint Thick coating 1 mm
After 2 hours with scrubbing
Ref
Sol 1
Sol 2
After 4 hours with scrubbing
Sol 3
Ref
Sol 1
Sol 2
Sol 3
2H
4H
62
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Old Alkyd paint on wood Thin coating
Ref
Sol 1
Ref
Sol 1
Sol 2
Sol 3
After 2 hours ,
without scrubbing
After 2 hours,
with scrubbing
Sol 2
Sol 3
63
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Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
64
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Paint/ Varnish stripper
Graffiti removers
Galaster EL 98 has been tested in several formulations and has shown good
efficiency for markers, lipstick, correctional fluid, and spray paint on
unpainted & painted smooth surfaces (non porous)
Example : Before and after

Let it rest for about three minutes, and then wipe with a scratchless scrub pad.
Source: http://www.responsiblepurchasing.org/publications/Grafitti_Report.pdf
www.lactic.com
65
57
Application in inks, varnishes, paints, coatings
Additives for solvent based products
Paint Stripper
Graffiti removers
Surface Cleaning and Degreasing
66
www.lactic.com
Solvents used for surface cleaning are

generally hazardous...
Surface cleaning operations use a large panel of solvents including:
Chlorinated solvents (Tri and Perchlorethyene,

Methylene Choride, Trichloromthane, )
Ketones
Modified Alcohol solvents (Dowclean)
Hydrocarbons solvents
Glycol Esters
TOXIC
(Suspected
carcinogenic)
NOT GREEN
(Ozone depletion)
Today, the right solvents must be used and with proper care to:
Protect workers and the environment,
Avoid ignition and explosions
Ensure proper treatment of the used products and residues
www.lactic.com
67
Alternative to the conventional crude-oilbased options
Gala4CleanTM
Galactic proposes from a wide range of products for cleaning applications:

Galaster ELTM
Galaster NPLTM
Galaster BLTM
Galaster EHLTM
Galasolv NFTM (Non Flammable* Solvent)
Galasolv NV
Users can select the most suitable type or combination

Solvent Choice is also driven by the local regulation in term of emissions
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68
Physical properties of Gala4CleanTM solutions
Flash
Point
Density
Vapour
Pressure
Vapour
Pressure
Solubility
in
Water
Solubility
of
Water
g/cm
Kpa (20C)
Kpa
(100C)
Wt % at
20C
Wt % at
20C
-2.7
59
1,033
0,22
17
Miscible
Miscible
170
-23
69
1,024
0,11
9.9
Miscible
Miscible
GALASTER BL 97
189
-20
79
0,984
0,03
4.7
4,5
13,9
GALASTER EHL 95
246
-23
113
0,939
0,002
0.6
0,03
3,5
GALASOLV NV 260
258
-24
126
0.943
0.0001
0.02
0.03
3.4
GALASOLV NF 62
154
-3
61.5
1.032
0,18
17
Miscible
Miscible
Boiling
Point
Melting
Point
GALASTER EL 98
153
GALASTER NPL 98,5
PHYSICAL
PROPERTIES
(ASTM
D93)
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69
Physical Properties for Solvent selection

Boiling Point
Definition : The standard boiling point is as the temperature at which

boiling occurs under a pressure of 1 bar
Value to determine if a solvent in Non VOC solvent regarding paint
legislation
European Paint directive (2004/42/EC)
VOC if solvent have Boiling point 250C at 101.3 kPa
Evaporation rate of solvent is bind to the Boiling point
Flash Point
Definition : The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest

temperature at which there will be enough flammable vapor to ignite
when an ignition source is applied
Value to determine if a solvent is flammable or non flammable
Non flammable solvent if Flash point > 60,5C
These two properties are also necessary to the classification of solvents

interm of flammability ,Transportation storage and use
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70
Physical Properties for Solvent selection

Vapour Pressure at 20C
Value to determine if a solvent is Non VOC solvent regarding general VOC

classification
European Solvent directive (EU regulation 1999/13/EC )
VOC if solvent have Vapour pressure at 20C (at 293K) 0.01 kPa
Solubility in water
Important property for some applications :

Coalesccing agents for decorative waterbased paints
Waterborne applications
Sustainability
Percentage (%) of the molecule issued from renewable sources (ex: corn,
beet sugar + type of Alcohol)
71
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Physical properties : Low VOC NON VOC
NON VOC solvent regarding general VOC classification

European Solvent Directive (EU Regulation 1999/13/EC )
VOC if solvent has vapour pressure at 20C (at 293K) 0.01 kPa
Galaster EHL95
Galasolv NV 260
Galasolv NV 300*
NON VOC
Galaster ML
Galaster EL
Galaster NPL
Galaster BL
VOC
Galasolv NF
* Under development
72
www.lactic.com
Positioning regarding main traditional solvent classes
GALASTERs
73
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Physical properties :Evaporation Rate
Galaster TM : Low evaporation rate solvent
Slow drying : more than 30 minutes ( Ie >15 or Iab <0,8)

Medium drying : between 1 to 30 minutes (3< Ie <15 or 0,8< Iab <3)
Fast drying : less than 1 minute (Ie <3 or Iab >3)
Solvents
Iab
Ie
Results (rate)
Boiling point (C)
Acetone
5,6
2,1
Fast
56
Ethyl acetate
4,1
2,9
Fast
77,1
Ethanol
1,6
8,3
Medium
79
Toluene
6,1
Medium
110
N butyl acetate
12
Medium
126
Galaster EL 98
0,22
Slow
153
Galaster BL 97
0,035
Slow
187
NMP
0,04
Slow
202
302
DIN 53170 is the standard used for testing, using either diethyl ether (Ie) or
butyl acetate (2 reference solvents)
74
www.lactic.com
Surface Cleaning and Degreasing
Kauri Butanol Index
The power of solvents,
regarding their ability to
remove stains, is measured
with Kauri Butanol Index
Value around 20 is a poor
solvent
Value up to 100 is a very
efficient solvent
Galasolv NF 62 is more
performant than chlorinated
and hydrocarbonated solvents
Solvent
Value*
Prognosis
Galasolv NF 62
>164
Excellent
Methyl chloride
136
Excellent
Trichloroethylene
130
Excellent
Perchloroethylene
93
Good
1,1,1- trichloroethane
107
Excellent
N hexane
27
Poor
White spirit
31-33
Poor
CFC 113
31
Poor
Toluene
84
Good
NMP
>300
Excellent
75
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Introduction
The product line and its functionnalities
Summery
Products/Properties/Applications
76
www.lactic.com
Conclusions
Galactics solutions for coatings/inks and degreasing
Todays industries has increasing demand for natural active
ingredients
Lactic acid and esters are the perfect answer that have been used
for centuries.
Improving Green chemistry to detergent applications
Solutions proposed by Galactic offers a wide range of properties and

functionalities to meet customer requirements
77
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Acids
Lactates
Galactic
Natural
Solutions
Proteins
www.lactic.com
Esters
www.lactic.com
78
Target applications
De-pollution
Bio-solvents
Graffiti removal
Bio-solvents for resins

Coalescing agent for paints
Paint stripper
Metal and surface cleaning
Paper, textile & leather

Silk: brightening & finishing
Paper & textile: humectants
Additive : pH control, deliming, wetting
agent,
Agro-chemistry
Solvent or dispersant (for pesticides,
herbicides,...)
Other industry
Synthesis raw materials
Additive for various applications: pH
control, wetting agent ,
79
www.lactic.com
Summery
VOC Free
Super
Wetters
Galactic
Excellent
Solubility
Bio-Solvents
Low
Evaporation
Excellent
Stability
H&S
www.lactic.com
80
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81
GalasterTM Bio-solvents for industrial applications
Questions & Answers
82
www.lactic.com
Our Partner in >>>>>>>>
83
www.lactic.com
Thanks for your attention

Bio-Solvents Galactic 2014

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GalasterTM Bio-solvents

for CASE applications

GalasterTM : Green Alternative to traditional

GalasterTM : Bio-solvents for CASE applications

GalasterTM : Green Alternative to traditional

GalasterTM : Bio-solvents for CASE applications

Galactic is rooted in a strong network of companies

Since 1929 - Belgium

Holding company - Belgium

Sugar, Food ingredients,

Listed on NYSE Euronext

Since 2002 Belgium

Since 1998 Belgium

Since 2004 Belgium

Since 2011 - France

Since 1952 - China

Since 2010 - Belgium

$25 Billion Turnover

JV: PLA (Polylactic

Since 1920 - France

Galactic presence in the world

All production sites

Develop performing chemical solutions

Safe for people (users &

Safe from crude-oil

Galactic product range centred on the living cell

Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn,

Methyl-, ethyl-, propyl, butyl-... lactates and

Food safety peptides:

GalasterTM : Green Alternative to traditional

GalasterTM : Bio-solvents for CASE applications

Galaster TM : Lactate esters Bio-solvents produced

GalasterTM : Alternative to traditional solvents

Bio-solvents produced by Galactic through different

Bio-solvents produced from renewable, bio-sourced

Sharing together the unlimited potential of

With our long R&D history and focus, we

By direct classical Esterification:

From Esters (Replacement of

From Lactide (Cyclic dimer of

Remark: Choice of synthesis depending on the yield

Lactic Acid of 1st generation : Lowest C02 footprint

Anaerobic Lactic bacterial (homo)fermentation:

Natural, non-toxic & environmentally friendly

Alcohol of 1st or 2nd generation

Most well-known : Bio-ethanol

Alcoholic fermentation using micro-organisms or yeasts

2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

Glycerin from vegetal oils (from

Thermochemical process B2A

Cathay Industrial Biotech (China)

Corn glucose, biomass waste, starch

Corn or beet glucose, corn biomass

Thermochemical process B2A

Thermochemical process B2A

Isoamyl alcohol Oxiteno

Sugar cane glucose

A range of esters based on alcohol from C1 to C12 Key

Other interesting physical properties

Environmental and Safety properties

All GalasterTM solvents share the following structure:

Organic, aliphatic, oxygenated

Protic and Polar:

GALASTER IPL98 (*)