KASBIT

30th July 201

CHILD LABOUR IN
PAKISTAN

HAMZA KHALID(10013),
SALMAN SALEEM(9795).

PROJECT REPORT PRESENTE

Ms SANAM IQBAL

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

WHAT IS CHILD LABOUR

Child labour : is refers to the employment of childrens whether it is
regular or sustained .
Or
Child labour is often defined as work that deprives children of
their childhood, their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful
tophysical and mental development.
It referes to the work that :
is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful
tochildren
interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity
toattend school, obliging them to leave school prematurely or
requiring themto attempt to combine school attendance with
excessively long and heavywork.One out of six children in the world
today is involved in child labour, doing workthat is damaging to his
or her mental, physical and emotional development.Whether or not
particular forms of work can be called childlabour depends on the
childs age, the type and hours of work performed, theconditions
under which the work is performed and the objectives pursued
byindividual. The answer varies from country to country, as well as
among sectors within countries.

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

SUMMARY
Poverty has been identified as
the root cause of child labour in
Pakistan by various studies. In
spite of their susceptibility to
various health outcomes, the
child labourers are reluctant to
utilise the available health
services. Reasons include
monetary, long waiting time and
attitude of the health providers.
Provision of education, especially
female education, along with
work and infrastructure
investment in basic amenities
have been suggested as possible
interventions.

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

The International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Conventions 138 and 182 describe child labour as
children younger than 12 years working in any economic
activity, or children 12-14 years old engaged in more
than light work, or children of any age engaged in the
worst forms of child labour in which they are
enslaved, forcibly recruited, prostituted, trafficked,
forced into illegal activities or exposed to hazards.

FORMS OF CHILD LABOUR

The child labour exists in many forms sometime you
can visualized it and sometimes it is hidden .we cannot
able to identify it by our naked eyes .the some
of widespread and worst forms of child labour are
discussed below .
1.Domestic work:
Very common and sometimes seen as acceptable, it
happens in the family home or outside the home. When
domesticwork isoutside the home, children almost
always girls work very long hours,have no chance to

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

go to school and are isolated from their family
andfriends.
2.Agricultural work:
A lot of working children are found in
agriculture.Theyoften work on the family farm or with
the whole family, as a unit, for anemployer.
3.Work in industries:
This work can be regular or casual, legal orillegal,
aspart of the family or by the child on his own for an
employer. It includescarpet weaving, gemstone
polishing, making garments, chemicals,glassware,
fireworks, matches or a range of other products. These
tasksexpose the children to hazardous chemicals that
can lead to poisoning,respiratory and skin diseases,
radiant heat, fire and explosions, eyesightand hearing
damage cuts, burns and even death.
4.Work in mines and quarries:
Child labour is used in smallscale mines inmany
countries. They work long hours without adequate
protection andtraining. Child miners suffer from
physical strain,fatigue and disorders of the muscular
and skeletal systems.
5.Slavery and forced labour:

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

It is most commonly found in rural areas. It isalso
frequently linked to the oppression of ethnic minorities
andindigenous peoples. Children are often also drawn
into armed conflict,forced to be soldiers or to work for
armed forces.
6.Prostitution and child trafficking:
It is one of the worst forms of childlabour. The dangers
faced by children are extreme and range from
moralcorruption to sexually transmitted diseases to
death.
7.Work in the informal economy:
This includes a whole range of activitiessuch as shoe
cleaning, begging, pulling rickshaws, selling
newspapers, or collecting rubbish. Some forms are
very easily observed while others arehidden from
public view. Activities often take place on the streets
but alsoinclude domestic work.

CAUSES OF CHILD LABOUR

Poverty :

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

Most children work because their families are poor
and their labour is necessary for their survival.
Discrimination on grounds includinggender, race or
religion also plays its part in why some children work.
Unemployments of adults :
Children are often employed and exploitedbecause,
compared to adults, they are more vulnerable, cheaper
to hireand are less likely to demand higher wages or
better working conditions.Some employers falsely
argue that children are particularly suited tocertain
types of work because of their small size and "nimble
fingers".
Illiteracy :
For many children, school is not an option. Education
can beexpensive and some parents feel that what their
children will learn isirrelevant to the realities of their
everyday lives and futures. In manycases, school is also
physically inaccessible or lessons are not taught inthe
child's mother tongue, or both.
Orphans: childrens who born without the wedlock are
obliged to work inseveral industries and other place for
for their own living.because there is no one to support
them.

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

RESULTS OF CHILD LABOUR

Long term health problems :
Children who work long hours, often in
dangerousand unhealthy conditions, are
exposed to lasting physical and
psychologicalharm.like they are attacked by
respiratory disease ,cancer and abestosis
wherechildrens are force to works with chemicals
or in fiber industriesWorking at ruglooms, for
example, has left children disabled with eye
damage
Malnutriction and growth problems:
childrens do very heavy manuall work faces
problems of malnutrition and growth problems
cecause of extra stress on
their body there growth become retarded.these
deficiency also impact on their adult life.
Infections:
Children making silk thread in India dip their
hands into boilingwater that burns and blisters
them, breath smoke and fumes from
machinery,handle dead worms that
cause infections, and guide twisting threads that
cut their fingers

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

Sexuall transmitted disease and HIV:
as childrens are easy to approach so manyof childs
forced into prostitution they often become target
of sexuall abuse andvictimize by HIV syndrome .

Children harvesting sugar cane in El Salvador use

machetes to cut cane for up tonine hours a day in
the hot sun; injuries to their hands and legs are
common andmedical care is often not available.
Child labour statistics around the world :
60% in Asia, 32% in Africa, 7% in LatinAmerica
and 1% in US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy
nations.

Laws :
National Policy on Child Labour was
formulated in 1987.
Prohibition of children being employed in haza
rdous occupations and processes.

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

Poverty being the main root cause the govt has
decided to generate theemployment
supplementary nutrition and regular health
check ups so as to prepare them to joinregular
mainstream schools

THE CHILD LABOUR (Prohibition and

Regulation) ACT, 1986
OBJECT:To prohibit the engagement of
children in certain employments and
toregulate the conditions of work or
children in certain other employments
DEFINITION:Child: Child means a person
who has not completed his fourteenyears of
age.
APPLICABILITY: In extends to the whole of
India

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

WEEKLY HOLIDAY:Every child shall be
allowed in each week a holiday of onewhole
day.
HOURS AND PERIOD OF WORK: The
period of work on each day shall notexceed
three hours and no child shall work for more
than three hours before he has had an interval
for rest for at least one hour. No child shall be
permitted or required to work between 7 P.m.
and 8 a.m. No child shall be required or
permitted to work overtime.
PROHIBITION OF EMPLOYMENT OF
CHILDREN IN CERTAINOCCUPATIONS AND
PROCESSES :
Transport of passengers, goods; or mails by
railway
Cinder picking, clearing of an ash pit or
building operation in the railway premise.
Work in a catering establishment at a railway
station, involving the movement of vendor or
any other employee of the establishment from
one platform to another or into or out of a
moving train.

CHILD LABOUR IN PAKISTAN

Work relating to the construction of railway
station or with any other work where such
work is done in close proximity to or between
the railway lines.
The port authority within the limits of any
port.
Work relating to selling of crackers and
fireworks in shops with temporary licenses
Abattoirs/slaughter Houses
Automobile workshops and garages.
Founderies
Handling of taxies or inflammable substance
or explosives
Handlom and powerloom industry
Mines (Under ground and under water) and
collieries
Plastic units and Fiber glass workship