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ON
EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
Research project description........................................................................................................1
Research aim and objectives........................................................................................................1
Rationale of the study..................................................................................................................2
Structure of the research..............................................................................................................2
Timescale.....................................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW..........................................................................................4
Theories related to motivation.....................................................................................................4
Importance of enhancing employee motivation..........................................................................6
Factors affecting employee's motivation or satisfaction..............................................................6
Effect of motivation on job satisfaction.......................................................................................7
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................10
Introduction................................................................................................................................10
Research philosophy..................................................................................................................10
Research approach.....................................................................................................................10
Research strategy.......................................................................................................................11
Data collection methods.............................................................................................................11
Population, sample and sampling method.................................................................................11
Validity and reliability of research instruments.........................................................................12
Ethical consideration.................................................................................................................12
Limitation of research method...................................................................................................12
Data analysis..............................................................................................................................12
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Research project description
The major aim of this study is to investigate the impact of employee motivation on the
job satisfaction. The project highlights the fact that motivational aspects can influence the
behavior of the employees. It is essential that workers should be appreciated or rewarded for the
contribution that they are delivering to the company. Hence this topic can prove to be a very
interesting research point. Due to increasing competition, aspects like motivation, job satisfaction
and employee performance have become very crucial for the firms (Albrecht, 2012). They expect
to retain best of their individuals and gain maximum from them.
This topic has been selected in order to find out more details about the relationship
between motivation and job satisfaction. This research study has the potential to find out the
major reasons why workers remain dissatisfied from their jobs. It identifies the methods through
which satisfaction among the people can be increased (Roberts, 2013). It talks about the different
motivational theories. These theories answer to the questions what motivates the employees
and why do they behave in a certain way. The research is being performed within the context
of McDonalds.
Research aim and objectives
The major aim of the research is to evaluate the influence of employee motivation on the
job satisfaction within the context of McDonalds, Station Road, Harrow, UK.
Following objectives have been laid down in order to achieve the above framed aim:
To examine the theories related to motivation and their association with job satisfaction
To investigate the level of employee motivation at McDonalds
To determine the level of job satisfaction at McDonalds
To analyze the impact of employee motivation on job satisfaction at McDonalds
Sr. No.
Activities
List of activities
Weeks
Completion of proposal
Submission of proposal
Preceding activities
Approval of supervisor
Collection of data
Analysis of data
E,F
Interpretation of data
E,
10
11
12
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Physiological Needs
According to Trerise, (2010), these are some basic needs of an employee which can be
expected to be fulfilled from the company. For example, employees can be motivated through
offering basic facilities such as shelter, water, food, good working condition, salary etc.
Safety Needs
It is associated with protection and security of an individual. The needs include living in
safe area, financial services, retirement plan, job security etc.
Social needs
According to Tucker, (2013), the social needs includes more of emotional aspects of an
employee. It includes needs like family, love, friends, affection, socialism etc. Within the context
of the business, an employee expect to work at a company where he can find friendly working
conditions.
Esteem needs
The self-esteem needs are related with self-respect, recognition, attention, good
reputation etc. It is about holding a good social status within the society.
Self-actualization
According to Cattermole, Johnson and Roberts, (2013), it is considered as the search of
reaching ones full potential as an individual. It includes needs such as truth, justice, wisdom,
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very
difficult
to
Supervision
Work environment (Grgens-Albino
of
motivated
and
satisfied employees. Overall, it can be said that employee motivation has positive impact upon
the organization.
Factors affecting employee's motivation or satisfaction
There are number of factors assessed which lead to cause the necessary impact upon the
motivation or satisfaction level of employees. Here, Lauby, (2005), stated that the work
environment of the organization is being regarded as the major factor which lead to cause
significant impact upon the satisfaction level of the employees. Here, working environment is the
environment where workers work. The employees always prefer to work in the environment
which gives importance to their needs and demands. However, if they will not find such
environment then in the given circumstance their motivation level will be impacted in a negative
way. As a result of it they will concentrate upon the work which is being assigned to them.
However, Harris and King, (2015), have examined that the level of stress or workload
within organization will lead to influence the motivation or the satisfaction level of employees.
High level of stress will lead to cause the direct impact upon the satisfaction level of workers.
This is because, for any workers it became very difficult with regard to work in a highly stressful
environment. (Motivating Employees. 2015) But, they feel motivated to work in such
environment when manager of firm uses necessary means with respect to enhance the motivation
level of their workers in an effective way.
In addition to this, as per the view point of Whalley, (2009), the type of leadership style
as being adopted by the firm's manager will lead to cause the significant impact upon the
motivation level of employees. In this regard, there are three different type of leadership style
assessed and it consists of autocratic, participative and free rein etc. (Albrecht, 2012). These all
given styles have different impact upon the satisfaction level of workers. For example, the
motivation level of workers is impacted in a negative way firm's manager uses autocratic style of
managing and leading workers. This is because, such leader do not give importance to the
employees who works within firm (Claydon, 2010). The main aim to this worker is to
accomplish its work in any condition. Due to this, motivation of worker will be impacted in a
negative way.
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However,
examined that employees feel highly motivated when manager uses democratic method of
managing and leading people. This is because, such leader give priority to the needs and
demands of the workers. Moreover, in order to make them feel like as an important part of firm
they involve their employees in the decision making process. According to Qualls, (2008),
through this way only, such manager enhances as well as maintain the satisfaction level of the
employees in an effectual way. Thus, it can be said that different factors have both positive and
negative impact upon the satisfaction level of workers.
Effect of motivation on job satisfaction
According to Roberts, (2013), Motivation is the reason behind satisfaction and
satisfaction is the last situation attend by an employee. It has been reviewed from the many
literature that the motivation causes significant impact upon the satisfaction level of workers. In
accordance with the given context, as per the view point of Sutherland, (2013), motivation
encourages workers to put double efforts on the work which is being assigned to them. It has
been assessed that the individual who feel highly motivated will always try to make efforts with
regard to deliver its best performance to the firm. According to Griffin, M. and Annulis, (2013),
such type of motivation comes when they feel highly satisfied from their job in an effectual way.
Thus, it can be said that the motivation and job satisfaction are the two such factors which are
directly connected with each other. This means that negative motivation causes negative impact
upon the satisfaction level of employees or vice versa.
In addition to this, Eyal and Roth, (2011), stated that motivation helps in converting the
non-satisfied state of an individual into the satisfied state. There are many instances occur within
organization which will lead to cause the direct impact upon the satisfaction level of employees.
Thus, one ray of hope will help in enhancing the satisfaction level of workers. As a result it an
individual who feel highly dissatisfied from their job will start liking it. Due to this, positive
benefits will be gain by the firms like McDonald in the form of increased profits and sales.
However, it has been critically evaluated by the Cattermole, Johnson and Roberts, (2013)
that satisfaction level of employees varies as per the type of employees motivation mean as being
used by the manager of organization. In this regard, it is assessed that some employees feel
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monetary means such as assigning high role and responsibilities and giving letter of recognition
to the workers for the purpose to enhance the motivation level of employees in an effective
manner.
According to Evans, (2010), some workers feels highly satisfied then firm appraise their
work through monetary mean of motivation which consist of incentives and bonus etc. Thus, it is
also right to say that the type of motivational mean also influences the satisfaction level of
workers. Hence, for the manager it is necessary that it must consider the given thing while
making the decision about the way of enhancing the satisfaction level of employees. This is
because, wrong selection with regard to the motivation factor will lead to hamper the service
delivery process of firm.
Additionally, according to the view point of Grgens-Albino and Kusek (2009), the
motivation and satisfaction level of workers are influenced through the same type of factors as
they are interrelated or interconnected with each other. There are many factors which influence
the satisfaction level of workers, hence it is essential for the manager that it must consider the
given factors in an effective way. This is because, lack of consideration of the same will lead to
hamper the work of organization.
In addition to this, as per the view point of Albrecht, (2012), productivity in work is the
outcome of employee satisfaction and motivation. Generally, it has been seen that employees
will not take part in any type of activity which is being organized within firm if they do not feel
highly satisfied or motivated from their respective job. Due to this, productivity of the employees
will get hampered. This direct impact will be seen upon the sales and profitability related
condition of firm in an effectual way. Overall, it can be said that the employee motivation has its
impact upon the job satisfaction level of workers.
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Research approach
Inductive and deductive are being regarded as two basic forms of research approach.
Here, deductive approach is used when scholar has to test the validity of the existent theories and
hypothesis (Merriam, 2009). But, inductive approach is used by the scholar when it will have to
formulate the new theory. For the selected topic under study, inductive approach has been
applied. This is because, with the use of given approach researcher can start its study upon the
respective topic in a systematic manner. The given approach begin with the data collection
process and afterwards researcher will formulate the theory on the basis of collected data (Punch,
2009). The given approach will help in attaining the aims and objectives of the study in an
effectual way.
Research strategy
Research strategy is the way of conducting the study (Meaning of research strategy,
2016). Here, with regard to the present study which is based on the topic of analysing the impact
of employee motivation on the satisfaction level of McDonald employees survey type of
research strategy has been used (Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation Methods. 2007). With
the help of given tactic, detailed examination of selected topic has been carried out. Thus, due to
this an effective conclusion can be drawn with respect to the present study in an effectual way.
Data collection methods
Data collection is consists of two different type of methods which are used with an aim to
assemble an appropriate information for the study. For the present study, both primary and
secondary means of collecting the data has been used. Here, the instrument such as questionnaire
has been framed in order to collect the primary data for the study (Forzano, 2011). The major
questions in the questionnaire has been formulated in the yes or no format. Moreover, it is
designed in such a manner that it helps in giving proper answer to the research problem of the
study. In addition to this, secondary data collection methods are also used for the present study
wherein data has been gathered with the help of books, journals and articles.
Data analysis
Data analysis is the way of analysing the collected data for the study. The effectiveness of
the obtained result largely depends upon the different data analysis methods only (Merriam,
2009). Thus, in the present study, SPSS software has been used in which different statistical tests
has been applied.
Resources and time plan
There are varied type of resources will be needed by the researcher with an aim to
accomplish the objective of the study in a successful way. However, among all time and financial
resources are the major one. Here, the whole work of present study has been divided in 10 tasks.
Thus, each tasks are splits into 14 weeks period.
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Male
Female
Age
< 30 years
30-40 years
>40 years
Job Rank:
High
Middle
Low
5 years
2 > 5 years
3 > 10 years
Strongly
disagree
I arrive at the
1
McDonald store on
time and do not leave
early
My work is of
1
interesting nature
I am confident with my 1
abilities to succeed
Somewhat Strongly
agree
agree
I take responsibility
for my mistakes and do
not blame others
My mentor keeps me
motivated towards my
work
I expect more accuracy
in my work
I take participation in
training in order to
improve my skills and
competencies
Job satisfaction
Strongly
disagree
I am often bored 1
with the job
I feel satisfied 1
from my present
job
I feel enthusiastic 1
about my job
I feel enjoyment in 1
my work
I am satisfied with 1
the recognition
I am satisfied with 1
my chances of
promotion
I am satisfied with 1
the dynamics in
my job
gende ag Job
r
e Ra
nk
I feel I am
MentI
My
I am I take
My
I take
I feelI feel
ion arrive work confi respons ment expe particip am satis enthusi
your at the is of dent ibility or
ct
nald sting my
mistake me
es to do not ated in
time
h job
and
ed
the
and
ed
in my with
with with
work the
my
the
job
compet
20 20 20
early
0
20
20
20
20
20
encies
20
20 20
20
20
20
20
20
0 0 0
20
gender
Frequency Percent
Valid
ed
leave
Valid 20
N Missi
0
ng
ment ed
ed pres
rienc on
do not
motiv acy to
I am I am
male
20
100.0
Valid
Percent
100.0
age
Frequency Percent
< 30 years
30-40 years
Valid
>40 years
Total
4
11
5
20
20.0
55.0
25.0
100.0
0 0
Cumulative
Percent
100.0
Valid
Percent
20.0
55.0
25.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
20.0
75.0
100.0
Job Rank
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Frequency Percent
high
middle
Valid
low
Total
5
12
3
20
25.0
60.0
15.0
100.0
Valid
Percent
25.0
60.0
15.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
25.0
85.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
30.0
75.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
10.0
45.0
85.0
100.0
Frequency Percent
Disagree
Agree
Valid Somewhat agree
strongly agree
Total
2
10
6
2
20
10.0
50.0
30.0
10.0
100.0
Valid
Percent
10.0
50.0
30.0
10.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
10.0
60.0
90.0
100.0
Valid
Frequency Percent
Disagree
Agree
Valid
Somewhat agree
Total
4
12
4
20
20.0
60.0
20.0
100.0
Valid
Percent
20.0
60.0
20.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
20.0
80.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
15.0
65.0
100.0
9
7
4
20
45.0
35.0
20.0
100.0
Valid
Percent
45.0
35.0
20.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
45.0
80.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
10.0
60.0
90.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
5.0
60.0
85.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
15.0
70.0
100.0
Cumulative
Percent
15.0
60.0
90.0
100.0
Interpretation
Gender distribution
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The above graph indicates that gender respondents in the questionnaire process were
equal in numbers. The number of men and women surveyed equals in proportion of 50% each.
Age distribution
The above graph signifies the age of the employees questioned at the McDonalds. The average
age of employees is between 30-40 years. This indicates that managers of the organization have a
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preference
to
hire
The employees are asked about their position level within the company. The results
revealed that 25% are on high job rank, 15% are on low job rank and 60% are on middle job
rank. From this it can be interpreted that medium qualification jobs are largely seen in the fast
food industry.
Years of experience
The above graph indicates the working experience of the sample respondents at the McDonald.
The results have revealed that majority of the individual have 2-5 years of experience, 30% of
them have 5 years of experience and 25% of them have 3-10 years of experience.
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My
work
is
of
interesting nature
The respondents were asked to state how interesting their work is at McDonalds. About
35% of them responded agree, 10% disagree, 40% stated somewhat agree and 15% stated
strongly agree. Majority of them were having positive opinions hence they feel interested in the
work that they do.
I am confident with my abilities to succeed
The employees were asked about their opinion on the confidence that they held on their abilities.
The results discovered that all 20 employees were agreeing with the statement. This shows that
they could reach the level of motivation successfully.
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I take responsibility
The above findings shows the sense of personal responsibility for the potential mistakes at the
workplace. Majority of the sample people were showing their agreement with the statement.
From this it can be interpreted that learning from own mistakes develops high level of personal
and professional satisfaction and motivation towards the work.
The purpose of the researcher was to know whether the employees expect more accuracy
in their work. On getting the responses it was derived that majority of the respondents agree with
the statement.
My mentor keeps me motivated towards my work
The findings showed that 17 persons from the total 20 employees agree that mentor can
be an effective approach for giving motivation. It is a good approach as the mentors can teach the
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employees
through
experiences.
I take participation in the training in order to improve my skills and competencies
From the above findings it can be discovered that McDonald employees keeps the
willingness to participate in the training events for the purpose of increasing the professional
competencies. This helps in increasing their motivation level and it also leads to job satisfaction
Job satisfaction
I am often bored with the job
The above pie chart shows that majority of the sample respondents disagreed with the
statement because they are not bored with the job as it keeps them engaging. Employees of
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McDonalds
are
In this question, the employees responded in positive manner. They are satisfied from
their present job which means they are highly motivated to make contribution towards the
business growth.
I feel enthusiastic about my job
From the above findings, it can be analysed that majority of the employees are
enthusiastic towards their work. It denotes high level of job satisfaction. However some people
disagreed with the statement which means there is a need to give them support of guidance in
order to increase the motivational level.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Albrecht, S., 2012. The influence of job, team and organizational level resources on employee
well-being, engagement, commitment and extra-role performance: Test of a model.
International Journal of Manpower.
Armstrong, M., 2012. Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. 12th
ed. Eisele, L. and et.al., 2013. Employee motivation for personal development plan
effectiveness. European Journal of Training and Development.
Bell, J. 2010. Doing Your Research Project. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill International.
Cattermole, G. Johnson, J. and Roberts, K., 2013. Employee engagement welcomes the dawn of
an empowerment culture. Strategic HR Review.
Claydon, T. 2010. Human Resource Management (Sixth Edition). Pearson Education Limited.
Cram, K., 2010. Study guide for Strategic Human Resource Management; Theory and Practice.
Cram101 Incorporated.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. SAGE
Publications, Inc.
Online
Hakala, D., 2008. 16 Ways to Measure Employee Performance. [Online]. Available through
<http://www.hrworld.com/features/16-ways-measure-performance-021908/>.
Motivating
Employees.
2015.
[Online].
Available
<http://guides.wsj.com/management/managing-your-people/how-to-motivateemployees/>.
through
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation Methods. 2007. [Online] Available at: <
http://www.civicpartnerships.org/docs/tools_resources/Quan_Qual%20Methods
%209.07.htm>
Tucker, K., 2013. What Is Management Leadership's Role in Motivating Employees? [Online]
Available
through:
<http://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-leaderships-rolemotivating-employees-21896.html>.
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