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Universidad Nacional de San Agustn

Facultad de Producci
on y Servicios
Escuela Profesional de Ciencia de la Computaci
on

Curso :
Idioma Extranjero V
Tema :
Descubrimiento Cientfico - El Silicio
Docente :
Lic. Gaby Mary Cahuana Montero
Alumno :
Vidal Antonio Soncco Merma

AREQUIPA - PERU
2016

Abstract

Un artculo suele empezarse con un resumen. Dicho resumen debe ser claro y conciso,
y no tiene que tener referencias bibliograficas. En ingles, abstract significa resumen, y
resume significa reanudar. Cuidado no confundas esas dos palabras.
Key-words: Manzana, Serpiente.

Introduction

2.3

Naturally occurring silicon is composed of


three stable isotopes, silicon-28, silicon-29, and
silicon-30, with silicon-28 being the most abundant (92% natural abundance).

Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si


and atomic number 14. It is a tetravalent metalloid, more reactive than germanium, the metalloid directly below it in the periodic table. In
1808, it was given the name silicium (from Latin:
silex, hard stone or flint), with an -ium wordending to suggest a metal, a name which the
element retains in several languages.
Silicon is the eighth most common element in
the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as
the pure free element in the Earths crust. It
is most widely distributed in dusts, sands, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon
dioxide (silica) or silicates. Over 90% of the
Earths crust is composed of silicate minerals,
making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earths crust (about 28% by mass)
after oxygen.

2
2.1

Isotopes

Applications

3.1

Compounds

Building materials. Most silicon is used


industrially without being separated into
the element, and indeed often with comparatively little processing from natural
occurrence.
Ceramics and glass. Silica is used to
make fire brick, a type of ceramic. Silicate minerals are also in whiteware ceramics, an important class of products usually
containing various types of fired clay minerals (natural aluminium phyllosilicates).

Characteristics
Physical

Artificial silicon compounds. Silicon


compounds of more modern origin function as high-technology abrasives and new
high-strength ceramics based upon silicon
carbide. Silicon is a component of some
superalloys.

Silicon is a solid at room temperature, with a


melting point of 1,414 C (2,577 F ) and a boiling point of 3,265 C (5,909 F ). Like water,
it has a greater density in a liquid state than
in a solid state and it expands when it freezes,
unlike most other substances. With a relatively
high thermal conductivity of 149 W m1 K 1 ,
silicon conducts heat well.

3.2

Alloys

The properties of silicon can be used to modify


alloys with metals other than iron. MetallurSilicon is a metalloid, readily donating or shar- gical grade silicon is silicon of 9599% purity.
ing its four outer electrons, and it typically forms About 55% of the world consumption of metfour bonds. Like carbon, its four bonding elec- allurgical purity silicon goes for production of
trons enable it to combine with many other el- aluminium-silicon alloys (silumin alloys) for aluements or compounds to form a wide range of minium part casts, mainly for use in the autocompounds.
motive industry.

2.2

Chemical

3.3

Electronics

layers of silicon oxide, an insulator that is easily produced by exposing the element to oxygen
Most elemental silicon produced remains as a
under the proper conditions.
ferrosilicon alloy, and only about 20% is refined
to metallurgical grade purity (a total of 1.3-1.5
million metric tons/year). An estimated 15% of 3.4 Mechanical watches
the world production of metallurgical grade silicon is further refined to semiconductor purity. Since 2000, silicon has found a new use in meIn common integrated circuits, a wafer of chanical watch movements. Several manufacturmonocrystalline silicon serves as a mechanical ers of mechanical watch movements have incorsupport for the circuits, which are created by porated silicon parts, mainly in the escapements
doping and insulated from each other by thin and balance wheel regions.

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