ECS448 - Frame

ECS 448
DETERMINATE STRUCTURES
Topic 3
Analysis of Frame
ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES
Slide 1 of 40
Topic 3 Analysis of Frame
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. Determine the reactions of statically determinate
frames by applying method of section.
2. Find out internal forces such as shear and moment
values in statically determinate frames.
3. Illustrate the shear and moment of a statically
determinate frames with interior hinge in graphically
diagram
Slide 2 of 40
Definition of Plane Frame

A Plane frame structures are composed of structural
members which lie in a single plane. It is connected
either as a rigid joint (moment resisting) or pinned joint
(hinged). When loaded in this plane, they are subjected
to both bending and axial action. Of particular interest are
the shear and moment distributions for the members due
to gravity and lateral loadings.
Slide 3 of 40
Sign Convention
Slide 4 of 40
Sign Convention
V
N
M
-ve
M
N
V
Slide 5 of 40
Shear and Moment Diagram

Relationship Between Loading, Shear and Moment
Slide 6 of 40
Shear and Moment Diagram

Relationship Between Loading, Shear and Moment
Slide 7 of 40
Example 1
Refer to figure below, calculate shear force and bending moment at all salient
point, hence draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the beam.
10 kN/m
5 kN
6m
A
2m
B
2m
C
Figure 1
Slide 8 of 40
Example 1
Step 1.
Draw free body diagram and calculate the external reactions (support reactions).
Determine numbers of cutting section required to calculate the internal forces.
5 kN
10 kN/m
HA
VA
VB
6m
2m
MA + = 0
(1/2)(10)(6)(1/3)(6) + (5)(8) 10VB = 0
VB = 10 kN#
2m
FY+ = 0
(1/2)(10)(6) + (5) = VA + VB
VA = 25 kN#
Slide 9 of 40
FX+ = 0
HA = 0
HA = 0 kN#
Example 1
Step 2.
10 kN/m
Calculate the internal forces using method of

section and considering the X distance is from
left to right
HA
MX
VA
X
10 kN/m
5 kN
10 kN/m
HA
HA
VA
VB
6m
2m
MX
VA
2m
10 kN/m
5 kN
HA
MX
VA
X
Slide 10 of 40
Example 1
Step 2.
Calculate the internal forces using method of
section and considering the X distance is from
right to left .
10 kN/m
MX
X
5 kN
VB
5 kN
HA
MX
VA
VB
6m
2m
VB
2m
5 kN
Y kN/m
X
MX
2m
2m
VB
Slide 11 of 40
Example 2
point, hence draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the rigidjointed frame.
16 kN/m
C
D
2m
15 kN
2m
A
B
5m
Figure 2
Slide 12 of 40
Example 2
Step 1.
MA + = 0
(16)(5)(2.5) + (15)(2) 5VB = 0
VB = 46 kN#
16 kN/m
2m
FY+ = 0
(16)(5) = VA + VB
VA = 34 kN#
15 kN
2m
HA
VA
VB
5m
FX+ = 0
HA 15 = 0
HA = 15 kN#
Slide 13 of 40
Example 2
Step 2.
Calculate the internal forces either consider from left hand sight or right hand sight.
MX
MX
16 kN/m
15 kN
x
HA
2m
x
HA
VA
15 kN
VA
2m
HA
16 kN/m
VA
VB
5m
2m
MX
15 kN
15 kN
2m
MX
HA
HA
VA
Slide 14 of 40
VA
Example 2
Step 3.
Dismember the frame and calculate the internal reactions using equilibrium equation.
Member AD (0<x<2)
VX
HX
Member AD (2<x<4)
MX+ = 0
MX
x
15
34
MX = 15(X)
MX = 15X
MX+ = 0
MX
15 kN
#
M0 = 0 kNm
M2 = 30 kNm
15
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
VA = VX
H A = HX
VX = 34 kN#
HX = 15 kN#
VX
HX
MX = 15(X) 15(X 2)
MX = 30 kNm
M2 = 30 kNm
M4 = 30 kNm
34
Slide 15 of 40
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
VA = VX
HA = 15 + HX
VX = 34 kN#
HX = 0 kN#
Example 2
Step 3.
Dismember the frame and calculate the internal reactions using equilibrium equation. (contd)
Member DC (0<x<5)
MX+ = 0
MX = 15(4)-15(2)+34(X) 16(X2)/2
VX
x
HX
MX
MX
= 30 + 34X 8X2 #
M0
= 30 kNm
M5
= 0 kNm
Mmax = 66.125 kNm #
15 kN
15
34
FX+ = 0
FY+ = 0
15 HA = HX
VA = (16)(X) + VX
VX = 34 16X
Slide 16 of 40
HX = 0 kN#
Example 2
Step 4.
Draw Shear Force Diagram (SFD)
34 kN
+ve
34 kN
-ve
46 kN
46 kN
15 kN
+ve
15 kN
15 kN
Slide 17 of 40
Example 2
Step 5.
Draw Bending Moment Diagram (BMD)
-ve
30 kNm
30 kNm
66.125 kNm
66.125 kNm
-ve
30 kNm
30 kNm
+ve
Slide 18 of 40
Example 3
point, hence draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the frame.
40 kN
C
B
D
20 kN/m
60 0
2m
5m
3m
Figure 3
Slide 19 of 40
Example 3
Step 1.
MA + = 0
40 kN
B
VB
20 kN/m
(20)(8.66)(4.33) + (40)(7) 10VB = 0

VB = 103 kN#
FY+ = 0
60
A
VA
VA + 40 = VB
VA = 63 kN#
HA
5m
2m
FX+ = 0
3m
HA (20)(8.66) = 0
HA = 173.205 kN#
Slide 20 of 40
Example 3
Step 2.
Resolve the Uniformly distributed load so that its perpendicular to the member AC
173.205 Cos
40 kN
173.205 Sin 600
600
15 kN/m
VB
173.205 kN
60 0
HA
VA
Slide 21 of 40
Example 3
Step 3.
Member BC (0<x<3)
VX
HX
Member BC (3<x<5)
MX+ = 0
VX
MX = 103(X)
MX
M0 = 0 kNm
MX+ = 0
MX = 103(X) 40(X 3)
HX
MX = 103X#
103
40 kN
M3 = 309 kNm
MX = 63X + 120#
MX
VB
M3 = 309 kNm
M5 = 435 kNm
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
VB = VX
HX = 0
VB =40 + VX
HX = 0
VX = 103 kN#
HX = 0 kN#
VX = 63 kN#
HX = 0 kN#
Slide 22 of 40
Example 3
Step 3.
Member AC (0<x<10)
VX
- MX + 173.21 (0.866X) 63(0.5X) 15 (x)(x/2)= 0
15 kN/m
HX
x
MX + = 0
MX
MX = 118.50X - 7.5X2
M0 = 0
M10 = 435 kNm

173.205
8.66kN/m
FY
63
Mmax when dy/dx = 0 then x = 7.9

M7.9 = 468.075 kNm
+=0
FX
+=0
VX = 173.205(Sin600) 63(Cos600) 15(X)
HX = 63(Sin600)+173.205(Cos600) 8.66(X)
VX = 118.5 15X#
HX = 141.162 8.66X#
Slide 23 of 40
Example 3
Step 4.
103 kN
63 kN
+ve
31.5 kN
-ve
118.5 kN
+ve
Slide 24 of 40
Example 3
Step 5.
435kNm
309 kNm
435kNm
468.075 kNm
Slide 25 of 40
Example 4
point, hence draw the shear force and bending moment diagram for the frame.
40 kN
C
B
D
Hinge
20 kN/m
8m
A
6m
3m
3m
Figure 4
Slide 26 of 40
Example 4
Step 1.
40 kN
MA + = 0
20 kN/m
VB
(20)(8)(4) + (40)(9) 12VB 8HB= 0
HB
12VB + 8HB= 1000 kN -------- (1)#

8m
FY+ = 0
VA + VB 40 = 0
HA
A
VA + VB = 40 kN -------- (2)#
VA
6m
3m
FX+ = 0
3m
(20)(8) HA HB = 0
HA + HB = 160 kN -------- (3)#
Slide 27 of 40
Example 4
Step 2.
Since there are 4 unknowns at support reactions, split the frame at hinge (moment = 0). Consider
member BC only.
VC
40 kN
B
HC
HB
C
3m
3m
MC + = 0
From Eqn. 2
From Eqn. 3
(40)(3) 6VB = 0
VA + VB = 40
HA + HB = 160
VB = 20 kN#
VA = 20 kN#
HA = 65 kN#
VB
Subtitue into Eqn. 1

HB = 95 kN#
Slide 28 of 40
Example 4
Step 3.
Resolve the Uniformly distributed load so that its perpendicular to the member AC.
160 Cos
53.130
40 kN
160 Sin 53.130
HB
12.8 kN/m
VB
160 kN
53.13 0
HA
VA
Slide 29 of 40
Example 4
Step 4.
Member BC (0<x<3)
VX
MX+ = 0
x
95
HX
MX
Member BC (3<x<6)
VX
MX = 20(X)
M0 = 0 kNm
MX+ = 0
x
95
HX
MX = 20X#
20
40 kN
M3 = 60 kNm
MX = 20X + 120#
MX
MX = 20(X) 40(X 3)
20
M3 = 60 kNm
M6 = 0 kNm
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
FY+ = 0
FX+ = 0
VB = VX
H A = HX
VB =40 + VX
H A = HX
VX = 20 kN#
HX = 95 kN#
VX = 20 kN#
HX = 95 kN#
Slide 30 of 40
Example 4
Step 4.
Member AC (0<x<10)
VX
- MX + 65 (0.8X) + 20(0.6X) 12.8 (x)(x/2)= 0
12.8 kN/m
HX
x
MX + = 0
MX
MX = 64X 6.4X2
M0 = 0 kNm
M10 = 0 kNm
65
9.6kN/m
FY
20
Mmax when dy/dx = 0 then x = 5 m #

M5 = 160 kNm
FX
+=0
+=0
VX = 65(Sin53.130) + 20(Cos53.130) 12.8(X)
HX = 20(Sin53.130) + 65(Cos53.130) 9.6(X)
VX = 64 12.8X#
HX = 23 9.6X#
Slide 31 of 40
Example 4
Step 5.
20 kN
20 kN
+ve
64 kN
-ve
-ve
64 kN
+ve
Slide 32 of 40
Example 4
Step 6.
60 kNm
160 kNm
Slide 33 of 40
Review
Problem
Slide 34 of 40
Problem 1
Figure P1 shows a rigid-jointed frame.
The frame is roller supported at D and
pinned at support A.
30 kN/m
32 kN
B
a) Show that the rigid-jointed plane is

statically determinate and compute
the external reactions at supports A
and B.
6m
b) Write an expression of equations for

the bending moment throughout the
whole frame and draw the bending
moment diagram, highlighting all the
salient points.
D
8m
4m
4m
Figure P1
c) Draw the shear force diagram for the

whole frame.
Slide 35 of 40
Problem 2
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for each member of the frame shown in
Figure P2. Assume A is fixed, the joint at B is a pin, and support C is a roller
100 kN
5 kN/m
4m
3m
3m
Figure P2
Slide 36 of 40
Problem 3
Draw the shear and moment diagrams for each member of the frame shown in
Figure P3. The joints at A, B and C are pin connected
5 kN/m
1.5 m
2.4 kN/m
1.5 m
2m
Figure P3
Slide 37 of 40
Problem 4
Figure P4 shows a rigid-jointed frame that is
subjected to wind loads. The wind load is
transferred to the members at the girts and
purlins from the roof segments (AB) and simply
supported wall (BC). The frame is roller supported
at A and pinned at C.
b) Write an expression of equations for the

bending moment throughout the whole frame
and draw the bending moment diagram,
highlighting all the salient points.
c) Draw the shear force diagram for the whole
frame.
Slide 38 of 40
2m
A
Purlins
30 0
B
4m
15 kN/m
a) Show that the rigid-jointed plane is statically

determinate and compute the external
reactions at supports A and C.
2m
Girts
4m
Figure P4
Problem 5
Figure P5 shows a rigid-jointed
frame. The frame is roller supported
at A and pinned at support B.
15 kN/m
C
3m
a) Show that the rigid-jointed plane is

statically determinate and compute
the external reactions at supports
A and B.
1m
4m
b) Write an expression of equations

for
the
bending
moment
throughout the whole frame and
draw
the
bending
moment
diagram, highlighting all the salient
points.
3m
c) Draw the shear force diagram for

the whole frame.
6m
3m
Figure P5
Slide 39 of 40
References
Hibbeler R.C, (2012), Structural Analysis, 8th Edition in S.I. Units,
Pearson, Singapore
Pearson, Singapore
Pearson, Singapore
UiTM Structural Division (2003), Basic Structural Analysis, Cerdik
Publications Sdn. Bhd.
UiTM Structural Division (2003), Basic Structural Mechanics, Cerdik
Publications Sdn. Bhd.
Mc Cormac N., (1999), Structural Analysis, 2nd Edition, John Wiley
and Sons.
Slide 40 of 40

ECS448 - Frame

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ECS 448

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Definition of Plane Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Shear and Moment Diagram

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Shear and Moment Diagram

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Calculate the internal forces using method of

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

Mmax = 66.125 kNm #

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

(20)(8.66)(4.33) + (40)(7) 10VB = 0

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

173.205 Sin 600

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

- MX + 173.21 (0.866X) 63(0.5X) 15 (x)(x/2)= 0

M10 = 435 kNm

Mmax when dy/dx = 0 then x = 7.9

VX = 173.205(Sin600) 63(Cos600) 15(X)

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

ECS 448 - DETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Topic 3 Analysis of Frame

(20)(8)(4) + (40)(9) 12VB 8HB= 0

12VB + 8HB= 1000 kN -------- (1)#