1. What is engineering design?

Explain
The process of creating a design that is an original representation, that is, a prototype, for a proposed
object or system. It is a process of converting an idea or market need into the detailed information from
which a product or technical system can be produced.
Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is
a decision-making process, in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are
applied to optimally convert resources to meet a stated objective.
2. Discuss the importance of each fundamental element of the design process.
Fundamental elements of the design process is the establishment of objectives and criteria, synthesis,
analysis, construction, testing, and evaluation.

A program objective is a specific, well defined and measurable condition that must be attained in
order to accomplish a stated pal. Evaluation criteria are the actual instruments used to measure
progress toward objectives.
Synthesis allows us to test and validate hypotheses, understand key processes, and better future
design. When a design succeeds in synthesis, it can make distinct, often epoch-making progress,
leading the design to higher levels of understanding of the project being planned.
Analysis structures findings from research or other means of data collection, acquiring
meaningful insights from the dataset and ruling out human bias through proper statistical
treatment.
Construction is a process of identifying activities and resources required to make the design a
physical reality. Hence, construction is the implementation of a design envisioned by engineers.
Testing is plays an importance role, which helps to improve the quality, reliability & performance
of the project with all check what all functions parts of the projects is supposed.
In evaluation, objectives are ensured to be met, problems were identified so it can be erected,
provides information to aid further development and evaluation serves as guide for future plans.

3. What is the planning phase? What are the things needed for the planning phase of a mining
project? Explain the importance of these things in the planning phase.
During the planning phase, which in practice may overlap with the completion of feasibility studies, all
aspects of the mine are planned in detail. This includes planning related to mining and ore separation
processes, as well as site infrastructure needs, schedules for construction and commissioning of facilities,
and all planning associated with environmental aspects of operations.

Resources
o A resource is a source or supply from which benefit is produced. Typically resources are
materials, energy, services, staff, knowledge, or other assets that are transformed to
produce benefit and in the process may be consumed or made unavailable.
Commodity price
o It denotes the cost of one of the most significant inputs for the entire economy
Costs

Understanding how costs behave, whether costs are relevant to specific decisions, and
how costs are affected by income taxes allows managers to determine the impact of
changing costs and other factors on a variety of decisions.
Cash flow
o Cash flow is a key indicator of financial health. Cash flow also gives your business
greater flexibility in responding to emerging dilemmas or making critical decisions.
Project detail level
o It is the core of any and every project. The detailed project plan serves as a point of
reference for the project manager to monitor progress, the project team for managing
their day-to-day activities and other stakeholders for understanding whats going on as
well as whats to come.
o

4. What is an excavation cost? List down the parameters needed when acquiring the excavation
costs. Differentiate it from mining costs.

The expenditure or the amount to be paid for the process of removing soil and/or rock materials from one
location and transporting them to another (drilling, blasting and loading). It includes digging, blasting,
and breaking, loading, and hauling, either at the surface or underground.
The total excavation cost is then the sum of the drilling, blasting, and loading cost terms.

Equipment
Ground condition
Drilling cost
Explosive cost
Mining method

5. What is a feasibility study? List down the contents of the parameters to be undertaken in a
Feasibility Study.
A feasibility study is an evaluation of a mineral reserve to determine whether it can be mined effectively
and profitably or not. It includes the detailed study of reserve estimation, mining methods evaluation,
processing technique analysis, capital and operating cost determination and the process effect on
environment.
The feasibility study can be considered into two stages: prefeasibility studies and detailed feasibility. Both
stages are similar in term of content. The difference exist in the accuracy and time required to perform the
studies.
6. What is ore reserve? Give the definition of the different categories of ore reserve
An ore reserve is an economical minable part of a mineral resource where appropriate assessments and
studies have been carried out to show that the deposit can be mined at a profit after consideration of all
factors impacting a mining operation.
Proven. If deterministic methods are used, the term reasonable certainty is intended to express a high
degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered. If probabilistic methods are used, there should
be at least a 90% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the estimate.
Probable reserves are those unproved reserves which analysis of geological and engineering data
suggests are more likely than not to be recoverable. In this context, when probabilistic methods are used,
there should be at least a 50% probability that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the
sum of estimated proved plus probable reserves.
Possible reserves are those unproved reserves which analysis of geological and engineering data
suggests are less likely to be recoverable than probable reserves. In this context, when probabilistic
methods are used, there should be at least a 10% probability that the quantities actually recovered will
equal or exceed the sum of estimated proved plus probable plus possible reserves
7. What is mining method classification system? Explain and give examples
The purpose of a classification system for mining methods is to provide an initial guideline for the
preliminary selection of a suitable method or methods. Its significance is great as this choice impinges on
all future mine design decisions and, in turn, on safety, economy, and the environment.