CHAPTER I

STEADY UNIFORM FLOW EXPERIMENT

A. Purpose and Objectives
1. Students can determine the manning roughness value, chezy and Strickler with
experiments in the laboratory.
B. Tools and Materials
1. A set of flume and accessories (pumps, tail gate, gauge discharge).
2. Point gauge.
C. Stages of Research
1. Setting up the flume, water pump and the point gauge.
2. Set the channel bottom slope of 0.0047.
3. Stream discharge by opening the pump with runoff stopkran approximately 8
cm above the gauge and adjusting the height of discharge Thomson tail gate.
4. Set the water level in the channel so that the height at 3 points (upstream,
midstream and downstream) as large, using the tail gate.
5. Record the water level at the appointed place and calculate the speed of the
water.
6. Repeat steps 3 s / d 5 with a variation of discharge 5 times.
D. Theory foundation
Steady Uniform Flow
Open channel flow means the flow in the channel (the channel) to face directly the
water in direct contact with the outside air, so the pressure above the water level is
the air pressure outside (atmospheric). Flow characteristics are very different from
a closed flow (pipe flow),
which usually have not only from atmospheric pressure alone (pressure
hydrodynamically large enough).
Steady flow is the flow characteristics that do not change with time in a place
(either in the form of discharge, water level, velocity, pressure and density of
substance flow). While the uniform flow (uniform flow) is a characteristic that has
a uniform discharge flow, speed, water level and specific gravity with an overview
of different places.
So the sense of steady uniform flow is the flow that have a discharge, water level,
velocity, gravity is fixed throughout time and uniform in different places under
review. In fact this type of flow is almost impossible to find in the field, so only
found in the laboratory alone.

The purpose of this experiment was done to prove the formulation of open
channel flow hydraulics for both formula manning, chezy and Strickler.
The flow passing through an open channel to a dimension can be described as
follows:
V2/(2g)
Sf
Sw
h
So
Z

field Reference
Figure I.1 one-dimensional flow
E = Z + h + v2/(2g) .....................................................................................( I.1 )
Derived with respect to x
v2

2g

dE
dZ dh

dx
dx dx
dx
dE
dZ dh
Q 2 1 d(A)

2
dx
dx dx
2g A 3 dx
dh Q 2 1 Tdh

dx
g A 3 dx
So Sf
dh

dx
Q 2T
1
gA 3

Sf So

With
dh/dx = slope of water level with respect to x (distance)

Sf

= slope of energy line

So

= channel bottom slope

= wide water

= luas tampang basah aliran

= discharge passing

From the equation above can be understood that the slope of water level
depending on the bottom slope, the slope of the energy and critical system
functions from the stream (which is realized with a 1 - Q2T / (GA3)). If So = Sf
mean slope of water level zero, the point is the high water level in various
segments of the same channel. For treatment in the laboratory so that the same
water level in each channel segment, used tail gate door as a regulator of the
channel height.
Steady flow of uniform flow equation refers to the manning equation, chezy and
Strickler as follows:
5

Qterukur =
. (2.g ) .Ce. tan( ).(h Kv) 2
15
2
1 2/3 1/2
R Sf
n

k s . R 2/3 S f

C R.S f

18 Log

Dengan

1/2

( Manning )..........................................................( I.2 )

( Strickler )...........................................................( I.3 )
( Chezy )..............................................................( I.4 )

12R
2
k
7

= flow (m3/dt)

= flow velocity

= hydraulic radius (A/P)

= sectional area (m2)

= around wet (m)

= channel bottom roughness

= koefisien manning

ks

= koefisien strickler

= laminar sub-layer thick =

11.6
u*

The formulation above is used for characterizing the flow is turbulent (Vh/ >
1000), with V = flow velocity, h the high water level (river width) and =
kinematic viscosity).

If the flow is laminar (Vh/ <500), then the formula is as follows:

V

gS o 2
h ...........................................................................( I.5 )
3

dengan
g

= gravitasi (9,81 m/dt2)

So

= channel bottom slope

= kinematic viscosity

= High water level (m)

From the above equation, which affects the speed is the slope of the line (So = Sf),
water level and the kinematic viscosity of the substance flow. This is very
different from the speed of turbulent water with nature, with a roughness factor of
the channel protection layer, bottom slope / energy and hydraulic radius are very
influential on the average velocity of flow. From the review above equation, it can
be concluded that for laminar flow of a highly influential is kinematic viscosity.
Lapis flow hedge is very influential on the flow velocity. Here are presented the
values characteristic protected by layers of manning.
Tabel 1. Harga koefisien Manning
Channel protection layer
Coated cast iron

Koefisien Manning
0.014

glass

0.010

concrete channel

0.013

Coated brick mortar

0.015

Pair of stone cemented

0.025

Net land tract

0.022

tract of land

0.030

Basic tract stones, grass wall

0.040

Channels on the quarry rocks

0.040

Sumber : Hidraulika II, Bambang Triatmodjo

A. Stages of Analysis
1. From high above the door Thomson runoff discharge passing calculated (with
Ce and kv graphs).
2. With high water levels that have been noted, calculated water velocity,
calculate the number reynold flow (VR / ). If the number reynold (Re)> 1000
flow is turbulent if Re <500 are laminar.
3. From the velocity of water that has been calculated, obtained manning
roughness coefficient, chezy and Strickler (if the flow is turbulent).
4. For laminar flow the flow velocity match that has been calculated in step 2 with
the formula laminar velocity seen in the theoretical basis).
5. Comparing manning that have been obtained with a coefficient manning tables
that have been available.
6. Summing up the results of the experiment.