HW 2.5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion-Solutions PDF

dickinson (jkd959) HW 2.
5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion bailey (145)

This print-out should have 50 questions.
Multiple-choice questions may continue on
the next column or page find all choices
before answering.
001 (part 1 of 6) 5.0 points
The postion of an object is given as a function
of time by
then, simple matching tells us that

5 m/s2 , so a = 10 m/s2
1
a =
2

The velocity of the object at t = 0 is:
1. 5 m/s,
2. 25 m/s correct
x(t) = 25 m (25 m/s)t + (5 m/s2 )t2

What is the position of the object at t =
3 s?
1. none of these
3. 25 m/s,
4. 0
5. 10 m/s,
2. 25 m
Explanation:
See the explanation for part (2).
3. 5 m

The velocity of the object at t = 10 s is:
4. 5 m correct
5. 35 m
Explanation:
We are given the particles positon, so all
we need to do is substitute the value of t:
2
x(3 s) = 25 m (25 m/s)(3 s) + (5 m/s )(3 s)

= 5 m

The acceleration of the object is
1. 45 m/s2
1. 25 m/s
2. 975 m/s
3. none of these
4. 25 m/s
5. 75 m/s correct
Explanation:
Knowing the initial velocity from part (3),
we can create the velocity equation
2. 5 m/s2
2
v = (25 m/s) + 2(5 m/s2 )t.
3. 5 m/s
4. 10 m/s2 correct
Plugging in 10 s s, we get v = 75 m/s.
5. not a constant

At what point in time is the velocity zero
(when is the object instantaneously at rest)?
Explanation:
To solve this, recall that, for any constant
acceleration motion, we have
1
x(t) = x0 + v0 t + a t2
2
1. 2.5 s correct
2. never
dickinson (jkd959) HW 2.5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion bailey (145)
The position of a softball tossed vertically

upward is described by the equation
3. 7.5 s
y = c1 t c2 t2 ,
4. 0 s
where y is in meters, t in seconds, c1 =

6.45 m/s, and c2 = 3.13 m/s2 .
Find the balls initial speed v0 at t0 = 0 s.
5. 5 s
Explanation:
We use the answer to part (4).
Correct answer: 6.45 m/s.

2
v = 25 m/s + 2(5 m/s )t

0 = 25 m/s + 2(5 m/s2 )t
25 m/s
t=
2(5 m/s2 )
= 2.5 s

At the time you calculated in the previous
problem, the object has
1. travelled a net negative distance and is
speeding up in the positive direction. correct
Explanation:
Let :
The velocity is simply the derivative of y with

respect to t:
v=
dy
= 6.45 m/s 2 (3.13 m/s2 ) t,
dt
4. travelled a net positive distance and is

speeding up in the negative direction.
5. none of the above
Explanation:
The acceleration is positive, so the object
always is speeding up in the positive direction.
To find out whether or not it has travelled a
net negative distance, one can either directly
substitute t = 2.5 s into the equation for x(t),
or one can simply note that v(t) is negative for
the entire interval [0, 2.5 s), and therefore, the
distance travelled in this time is necessarily
negative.
so
v0 = 6.45 m/s .
Find its velocity at t = 0.76 s.
Explanation:
2. travelled a net positive distance and is

speeding up in the positive direction.
3. travelled a net negative distance and is
speeding up in the negative direction
t = 0.
Let :
t = 1.26 s .
v = 6.45 m/s 2 (3.13 m/s2 ) (0.76 s)

= 1.6924 m/s .
Find its acceleration at t = 0.76 s.
Correct answer: 6.26 m/s2 .
Explanation:
a=
dv
= 2 (3.13 m/s2 ) = 6.26 m/s2 .
dt
010 5.0 points

The plot shows x(t) for a particle.
x
t
Which statement is correct about the motion?
Explanation:
The slope of the velocity curve from 0 seconds to 2 seconds is
1. The particle slows down, comes momentarily to a rest, then returns with increasing
speed to its starting point. correct
a=
4. The particle at first speeds up, then slows

down, then speeds up again.
5. The particle moves at constant speed, but
not at constant velocity.
vf vi
1 m/s 0 m/s
=
tf ti
2s0 s
= 0.5 m/s2 .
2. The particle follows the path of a projectile, like a thrown baseball.

3. The particle moves along a portion of a
circle, as the sketch shows directly.

What is the velocity at 2 seconds?
Correct answer: 1 m/s.
Explanation:
The velocity at 2 seconds can be read from
the plot; however, it can also be calculated:
v = vi + a (tf ti )
Explanation:
Since vx is the slope of x(t), the particle
slows down, comes to momentary rest, and
then reverses direction, increasing speed as it
returns to its starting point.
Consider the plot below describing motion
along a straight line with an initial position of
10 m.
b
9
= 0 m/s + (0.5 m/s2 ) (2 s 0 s)

= 1 m/s .

What is the position at 2 seconds?
Correct answer: 11 m.
Explanation:
Let :
4
b
0 b
1
4 5 6 7 8
time (s)
What is the acceleration at 1 second?
b
9
velocity (m/s)
velocity (m/s)
x0 = 10 m .
b
3
2
bb
1
0 bb
4 5
time (s)
b
6 7
9b
The position at 2 seconds is x0 plus the area
of the triangle (shown in gray)
x = 10 m +
1
(2 s 0 s)(1 m/s 0 m/s)
2
= 11 m ;
however, it can also be calculated:
1
a (tf ti )2
2
= 10 m + (0 m/s) (2 s 0 s)
1
+ (0.5 m/s2 ) (2 s 0 s)2
2
= 11 m .
x = xi + vi (tf ti ) +

What is the acceleration at 4 seconds?
Correct answer: 2 m/s2 .
Explanation:
vf vi
9 m/s 1 m/s
a=
=
tf ti
6s2 s

What is the acceleration at 8 seconds?
Explanation:
a=
vf vi
1 m/s 0 m/s
=
tf ti
9s6 s
= 0.333333 m/s2 .
What is the velocity at 8 seconds?
Explanation:
The velocity at 8 seconds can be read from
the plot; however, it can also be calculated:
v = vi + a (tf ti )
= 0 m/s + (0.333333 m/s2 )(8 s 6 s)
= 0.666667 m/s .
= 2 m/s2 .
Explanation:
The position is 11 m plus the area of the
trapezoid
x = 11 m +
1
(6 s 2 s)(9 m/s + 1 m/s)
2
= 31 m ;
however it can also be calculated:
1
a (tf ti )2
2
= 11 m + (1 m/s) (6 s 2 s)
1
+ (2 m/s2 ) (6 s 2 s)2
2
= 31 m .

Correct answer: 30.3333 m.
Explanation:
The position is 31 m plus the area of the
triangle
1
(8 s 6 s)
2
(0.666667 m/s 0 m/s)
x = 31 m +
= 30.3333 m ;
however it can also be calculated:
1
a (tf ti )2
2
= 31 m + (0 m/s) (8 s 6 s)
1
+ (0.333333 m/s2 ) (8 s 6 s)2
2
= 30.3333 m .
v
1.
6
position (6 m)
019 5.0 points

An object was suspended in a fixed place,
then allowed to drop in a free fall.
Taking the positive direction downward,
which graph correctly represents its motion?
5
4
3
2
1
0
v
2.
3 4 5 6
time (2 s)
What is the initial position?

Correct answer: 0.
v
3.
v
4.
Explanation:
At time t = 0, the position is 0.
What is the final position?
v
5.
correct
Explanation:
The final position is
pf = 4 (6 m) = 168 m .

What velocity is represented by the graph?
Explanation:
The slope of a velocity vs time curve represents the acceleration. The object undergoes
a constant gravitational acceleration g 6= 0, so
the appropriate velocity vs time curve must
be the straight line with nonzero slope.
The scale on the horizontal axis is 2 s per division and on the vertical axis 6 m per division.
Explanation:
The velocity is the slope of the position vs
time graph, so
v=
4 (6 m)
x
=
= 1.71 m/s .
t
7 (2 s)

The position versus time for a certain object
moving along the x-axis is shown. The objects initial position is 1 m.
10
8
position (m)
Explanation:
6
b
4
2
Let :
b
xf = 4 m and
xi = 9 m .
2
b
4
6
4 5
time (s)
vav =
4 m9 m
= 1.66667 m/s .
4s1 s
Find the average velocity in the time interval 0 s to 1 s.

Find the average velocity in the time interval
4 s to 8 s.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Let :
xf = 9 m and
xi = 1 m .
xf xi
x
=
t
t
9 m1 m
= 8 m/s .
=
1s0 s
Let :
vav =

vav =
4 m 4 m
= 2 m/s .
8s4s

Find the average velocity in the time interval
0 s to 9 s.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Let :
Let :
vav
xf = 4 m and
xi = 4 m .
xf = 4 m and
xi = 1 m .
4m1m
= 0.75 m/s .
=
4s0s

vav =
xf = 0 m and
xi = 1 m .
0m1m
= 0.111111 m/s .
9s0s
028 5.0 points

The plot shows x(t) for a train moving along
a long, straight track.
The graph shows that the train
1. slows down all the time. correct

2. speeds up part of the time and slows down
part of the time.
3. moves at a constant velocity.
t
4. speeds up all the time.
Which statement is correct about the motion?

1. The train continually slows down and
comes to rest. correct
Explanation:
The slope of the curve diminishes as time
increases, hence the train slows down all the
time.
2. The train moves at constant velocity.

3. The train at first slows down, then speeds
up.
4. The train in fact moves at constant speed
along a circular path described by the x(t)
curve.
5. The train at first speeds up, then slows
down.
The following 4 questions refer to a toy car

which can move to the right or left along a
horizontal line. The positive direction is to
the right.
Choose the correct velocity-time graph for
each of the following questions. Assume friction is so small that it can be ignored.
car
6. The train continually speeds up.

Explanation:
The slope of x(t) continually decreases to
dx
x
reach zero. Since vx (t) =
is by
dt
t
definition the slope of x(t) at each t, the train
continually slows down until it stops.
029 5.0 points
A train car moves along a long straight track.
The graph shows the position as a function of
time for this train.
x
Which velocity graph shows the car moving

toward the right (away from the origin) at a
steady (constant) velocity?
v
t
1.
v
2.
right the velocity is positive.
3.
v
t
4.

towards the right (away from the origin) reversing direction and then moving to the left?
correct
v
v
1.
t
5.
v
v
2.
t
6.
v
v
3.
t
7.
v
v
4.
t
8.
v
v
9.
5.
t
v
10. None of these graphs is correct.

Explanation:
Since the velocity is constant, the graph is
a straight line. Since the car is moving to the
6.
v
v
t
7.
3.
correct
v
v
4.
t
8.

v
v
t
9.
6.
Explanation:
Since the car reverses its direction, the velocity is positive and then negative.
7.
8.

toward the left (toward the origin) at a steady
(constant) velocity?
correct
v
t
9.
v
t
1.
v
10.
v
2.
t
Explanation:
Constant velocity is a straight line; toward
dickinson (jkd959) HW 2.5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion bailey (145) 10
the left is negative velocity.

Which velocity graph shows the car increasing
its speed towards the right (away from the
origin) at a steady (constant) rate?
8.
9.
1.
v
2.
v
t
3.
10.
Explanation:
Since the cars speed is increasing at a constant rate, the slope of the graph is a constant.
v
t
correct
v
4.
5.
5.0 points
The graph shows the velocity v as a function

of time t for an object moving in a straight
line.
v
t
t
tR
tS
tP
0
Q
Which graph shows the corresponding displacement x as a function of time t for the
same time interval?
v
7.
034
x
2.
t
0
correct
tQ
tR
tS
tP
3.
x
0
t
tQ
tR
tS
tP
4.
5.
tQ
tR
tS
tP
x
0
t
tQ
tR
tS
tP
x
6.
t
0
tQ
tR
tS
tR
tS
tP
t
0
tQ
Consider a toy car which can move to the

right or left along a horizontal line. The
positive direction is to the right.
Which graph shows the position as a function of time as the car moves with zero initial
velocity and constant positive acceleration?
p
tP
2.
7.
t
0
tQ
tR
tS
tP
correct
8.
t
0
tQ
tR
tS
tP
9.
0
tQ
tR
tS
3.
tP
Explanation:
The displacement is the integral of the velocity with respect to time:
Z
~x = ~v dt .
Because the velocity increases linearly from
zero at first, then remains constant, then decreases linearly to zero, the displacement will
increase at first proportional to time squared,
then increase linearly, and then increase proportional to negative time squared.
From these facts, we can obtain the correct
answer.
4.
p
t
5.
p
6.
Explanation:
Since the acceleration is constant and positive, the position graph will contain a term
quadratic in time, meaning it will curve like a
quadratic function.
Which graph correctly shows the velocity of
the car?

Which graph correctly shows the acceleration
of the car?
a
t
1.
v
a
1.
2.
v
a
2.
3.
correct
correct
v
a
3.
4.
v
t
4.

a
t
6.
v
6.
Explanation:
Since the acceleration is constant and positive, the velocity will grow larger over time.
The correct graph is a line of constant positive
slope.
Explanation:
Since the acceleration is constant and positive, the correct graph is a straight line above
the t axis.
Consider a toy car which can move to the
right or left along a horizontal line. The
positive direction is to the right.
Which graph shows the position as a function of time as the car moves with positive
initial velocity and zero acceleration?
v
t
1.
p
t
1.
v
t
2.
p
t
2.
correct
v
t
3.
p
t
3.

v
p
5.
5.
4.
correct
Explanation:
Since the velocity is constant, the position
graph is a line with constant slope. Since the
velocity is positive, the car moves to the right
(p increases).
Which graph correctly shows the velocity of
the car?
6.
Explanation:
Since the velocity is constant and positive,
the correct graph is just a straight line above
the t axis.
Which graph correctly shows the acceleration
of the car?
a
1.
ward, ending where it started.
2. The car goes backward and then goes
forward.
a
t
3.
3. The car starts at rest, accelerates to a low

speed, comes to a stop, accelerates backwards
and cruises in reverse.
4. The car starts at rest, accelerates to a high
speed, cruises for a short while, decelerates to
a lower speed, then cruises. correct
a
t
4.
5. The car goes forward and then goes backward, ending behind where it started.
a
t
5.
correct
a
t
6.
Explanation:
Since the velocity is constant, the acceleration is zero.
A car initially at rest on a straight road
accelerates according to the acceleration vs
time plot.
6. The car starts at rest, goes up to a high

speed, stops moving, travels backward, and
stops.
Explanation:
Use the acceleration to determine the velocity behavior:
1) v0 = 0 (initially at rest)
2) 0 < t < t1 : a = 0 (remains at rest)
3) t1 < t < t2 : a > 0 (accelerates forward)
4) t2 < t < t3 : a = 0 (constant speed)
5) t3 < t < t4 : a < 0 (decelerates)
6) t4 < t : a = 0 (constant speed)
Which of the following graphs describes the
velocity vs time of the car?
v
t3
1.
t1
a
t3
t1
t4
t4
t2
t2
What is the best description of the motion

of the car? Take forward to be the positive
direction.
1. The car goes forward and then goes back-

v
3.
t3
t1
t2
t4
50
t2
4.
t3
Distance (m)
v
t
t4
t1
40
30
20
10
0
v
t1
5.
t
t2
t3
2 3 4
Time (sec)
How far did the object travel between 2 s

and 4 s?
t4
1. 50 m
v
t3
6.
t1
t4
2. 40 m
t2
3. 20 m correct
4. 10 m
v
t2
7.
t3
5. 30 m
t4
t1
Explanation:
The particle moved from 40 m to 20 m, so
d = 40 m 20 m = 20 m .
v
t3
8.
t1
t2
t
The graph indicates
t4
1. no motion.
2. constant position.
9.
t
t1
t2
t3
t4
3. constant velocity. correct
correct
4. increasing velocity.
Explanation:
1) 0 < t < t1 : v0 = 0
2) t1 < t < t2 : velocity increases uniformly
3) t2 < t < t3 : constant velocity
4) t3 < t < t4 : velocity decreases uniformly
5) t4 < t : constant velocity
The velocity vs time graph can be found
by plotting the area under the acceleration vs
time curve.
5. decreasing velocity.
Explanation:
The slope of the graph is the same everywhere, so the graph indicates constant positive velocity.
What is the speed from 2 s to 4 s?
1. 10 m/s correct

Consider the following graph of motion.
2. 15 m/s
3. 20 m/s

The graph indicates
4. 5 m/s
1. no motion.
5. 0 m/s
2. decreasing velocity.
Explanation:
v=
d
40 m 20 m
=
= 10 m/s .
t
2s

Consider the following graph of motion.
3. increasing velocity. correct

4. constant position.
5. constant velocity.
400
Explanation:
The slopes are steeper as time goes on, so
the velocities are increasing.
350
Distance (m)
300
250
200
150

What is the average speed from 3 s to 9 s?
100
50
0
4 5 6
Time (sec)
How far did the object travel between 3 s

and 9 s?
1. 200 m
2. 300 m
3. 400 m
4. 350 m correct
5. 100 m
6. 250 m
7. 450 m
8. 500 m
1. 58 m/s correct
2. 47 m/s
3. 20 m/s
4. 40 m/s
5. 25 m/s
6. 50 m/s
7. 36 m/s
8. 30 m/s
9. 60 m/s
Explanation:
9. 50 m
v=
10. 150 m
Explanation:
The particle moved from 50 m to 400 m, so
the distance
d = 400 m 50 m = 350 m .
d
400 m 50 m
=
= 58 m/s .
t
6s

Consider a position-time graph.
The position is to be graphed
1. along the horizontal axis.
2. along either axis you choose.
3. along the vertical axis. correct
Explanation:
The position is on the vertical axis and the
time on the horizontal axis.
The slope of the graph is
1. the velocity. correct
2. the speed.
3. the acceleration.
4. the displacement.
Explanation:
slope =
position
= velocity
time

HW 2.5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion-Solutions PDF

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dickinson (jkd959) HW 2.

5 Kinematic Graphs and Equations of Motion bailey (145)

then, simple matching tells us that

003 (part 3 of 6) 5.0 points

x(t) = 25 m (25 m/s)t + (5 m/s2 )t2

004 (part 4 of 6) 5.0 points

x(3 s) = 25 m (25 m/s)(3 s) + (5 m/s )(3 s)

002 (part 2 of 6) 5.0 points

v = (25 m/s) + 2(5 m/s2 )t.

Plugging in 10 s s, we get v = 75 m/s.

005 (part 5 of 6) 5.0 points

The position of a softball tossed vertically

where y is in meters, t in seconds, c1 =

Correct answer: 6.45 m/s.

v = 25 m/s + 2(5 m/s )t

006 (part 6 of 6) 5.0 points

The velocity is simply the derivative of y with

4. travelled a net positive distance and is

2. travelled a net positive distance and is

v = 6.45 m/s 2 (3.13 m/s2 ) (0.76 s)

010 5.0 points

4. The particle at first speeds up, then slows

2. The particle follows the path of a projectile, like a thrown baseball.

012 (part 2 of 8) 5.0 points

= 0 m/s + (0.5 m/s2 ) (2 s 0 s)

013 (part 3 of 8) 5.0 points

014 (part 4 of 8) 5.0 points

016 (part 6 of 8) 5.0 points

018 (part 8 of 8) 5.0 points

019 5.0 points

What is the initial position?

022 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points

023 (part 1 of 5) 5.0 points

Correct answer: 1.66667 m/s.

Find the average velocity in the time interval 0 s to 1 s.

026 (part 4 of 5) 5.0 points

Correct answer: 8 m/s.

Correct answer: 2 m/s.

024 (part 2 of 5) 5.0 points

027 (part 5 of 5) 5.0 points

025 (part 3 of 5) 5.0 points

028 5.0 points

The graph shows that the train

1. slows down all the time. correct

Which statement is correct about the motion?

2. The train moves at constant velocity.

The following 4 questions refer to a toy car

6. The train continually speeds up.

Which velocity graph shows the car moving

right the velocity is positive.

031 (part 2 of 4) 5.0 points

10. None of these graphs is correct.

5. None of these graphs is correct.

10. None of these graphs is correct.

032 (part 3 of 4) 5.0 points

033 (part 4 of 4) 5.0 points

The graph shows the velocity v as a function

6. None of these graphs is correct.

035 (part 1 of 3) 5.0 points

Consider a toy car which can move to the

037 (part 3 of 3) 5.0 points

5. None of these graphs is correct.