Mark Batistick

Mdb98@pitt.edu
Dr. Ashmore
BIOSC 0150

Unofficial Review Guide

Exam 2

Central Topics of Discussion

Genes
Cell Membrane
Endomembrane

Lipids
The Cell
Mitosis

Genes
o What is the central dogma of replication?
o What makes DNA different from RNA, chemically? How
does this affect DNA/RNA structure?
o What is the name of DNA polymerization? Is this process
exergonic or endergonic?
o How are the two strands of DNA held together?
o How does DNA know which base pairs bind together?
o Compare DNA replication to transcription
o What is the difference between the template strand and
coding strand? (You should know the different names for
each and the function of each)
o Name each type of mutation and how the affect the gene
being transcribed
Lipids
o What are the three important types of lipids? Give
examples and uses of each
o Describe the two regions of lipids. How are they linked
together?
o What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated
tails? Where do these names come from?
Cell Membrane
o What are the properties of a lipid bilayer?
o Understand the relative permeability chart (ions, polar, and
nonpolar molecules)
o What are four ways to increase/decrease the permeability
of a membrane?
o When is a cell hypertonic/hypotonic relative to the inside of
the cell

o What are the different ways molecules travel through

membranes? Which of these ways require energy?
The Cell
o List the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cells
o What are the unique characteristics of eukaryotic cells?
Why are they significant?
o How do organelles increase the efficiency of their
membranes?
o Be able to describe the structure/function relationships of
ALL organelles (refer to lecture 17 supplement)
Endomembrane System
o Which proteins are made in the cytoplasm? Which are
made in the ER pathway?
o List the general rules of Signals and Receptors
o What are the roles of SRP and SRPR in the secretory
pathway?
o Understand the secretory and lysosomal enzyme pathways
Mitosis
o What are the phases of Mitosis?
o What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?
~In addition, be sure to understand all experiments gone over
this unit~