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EXERCISE 124 Page 293
1. Change a volume of 1 200 000 cm3 to cubic metres.
4 = 2 cm
468
90 60 180 cm3
= 972 litre
1000 cm3 /litre
50 40 250 cm3
= 500 litre
1000 cm3 /litre
8. Determine how many cubic metres of concrete are required for a 120 m long path, 150 mm wide
and 80 mm deep.
469
9. A cylinder has a diameter 30 mm and height 50 mm. Calculate (a) its volume in cubic
centimetres, correct to 1 decimal place, and (b) the total surface area in square centimetres,
correct to 1 decimal place.
10. Find (a) the volume and (b) the total surface area of a right-angled triangular prism of length
80 cm whose triangular end has a base of 12 cm and perpendicular height 5 cm.
1
1
bhl = 12 5 80
2
2
(a) Total surface area = area of each end + area of three sides
2
In triangle ABC, AC
=
AB 2 + BC 2
from which,
AC =
AB 2 + BC 2 = 52 + 122 = 13 cm
1
Hence, total surface area = 2 bh + (AC 80) + (BC 80) + (AB 80)
2
470
11. A steel ingot whose volume is 2 m 2 is rolled out into a plate which is 30 mm thick and 1.80 m
wide. Calculate the length of the plate in metres.
2 = l 0.030 1.80
from which,
2
length = 0.030 1.80 = 37.04 m
12. The volume of a cylinder is 75 cm3 . If its height is 9.0 cm, find its radius.
Volume of cylinder, V = r 2 h
i.e.
75 = r 2 (9.0)
from which,
r2 =
75
9.0
75
= 1.63 cm
9.0
and radius, r =
13. Calculate the volume of a metal tube whose outside diameter is 8 cm and whose inside diameter
is 6 cm, if the length of the tube is 4 m.
D2
4
d2
4
(8)
4
(6)
471
14. The volume of a cylinder is 400 cm3. If its radius is 5.20 cm, find its height. Determine also its
curved surface area.
Volume of cylinder, V = r 2 h
400 = (5.20) 2 h
i.e.
400
= 4.709 cm
(5.20) 2
15. A cylinder is cast from a rectangular piece of alloy 5 cm by 7 cm by 12 cm. If the length of the
cylinder is to be 60 cm, find its diameter.
Volume of rectangular piece of alloy = 5 7 12 = 420 cm3
Volume of cylinder = r 2 h
Hence,
420 = r 2 (60)
r2
from which,=
420
7
=
(60)
and
radius, r =
= 1.4927 cm
16. Find the volume and the total surface area of a regular hexagonal bar of metal of length 3 m if
each side of the hexagon is 6 cm.
3
x
from which,
x=
3
= 5.196 cm
tan 30
472
in metre units
= 1.099 m 2
17. A block of lead 1.5 m by 90 cm by 750 mm is hammered out to make a square sheet 15 mm
thick. Determine the dimensions of the square sheet, correct to the nearest centimetre.
from which,
x2 =
150 90 75
1.5
and
x=
150 90 75
= 821.6 cm = 8.22 m
1.5
18. How long will it take a tap dripping at a rate of 800 mm3 /s to fill a three-litre can?
3 litre = 3000 cm3 = 3000 103 mm3 =
3 106 mm3
Time to fill can =
3750
3 106 mm3
= 3750 s =
= 62.5 minutes
3
60
800 mm /s
19. A cylinder is cast from a rectangular piece of alloy 5.20 cm by 6.50 cm by 19.33 cm. If the
height of the cylinder is to be 52.0 cm, determine its diameter, correct to the nearest centimetre.
Volume of cylinder, V = r 2 h and volume of rectangular prism = 5.20 6.50 19.33 cm3
i.e.
from which,
r2 =
and radius, r =
473
20. How much concrete is required for the construction of the path shown, if the path is 12 cm
thick?
2
1
Area of path = (8.5 2) + ( 2 ) + (3.1 2) + (2.4 [2 + 1.2])
4
474
1. If a cone has a diameter of 80 mm and a perpendicular height of 120 mm, calculate its volume in
cm3 and its curved surface area.
Volume of cone =
1 2
1
2
r h = ( 40 ) (120 ) = 201 061.9 mm3 = 201.1 cm3
3
3
(122 + 42 )
= 12.649 cm
2. A square pyramid has a perpendicular height of 4 cm. If a side of the base is 2.4 cm long find the
volume and total surface area of the pyramid.
Volume of pyramid =
1
( 2.4 2.4 )( 4 ) = 7.68 cm3
3
Length AC =
( 42 + 1.22 )
= 4.176 cm
1
( 2.4 )( 4.176 ) = 5.01 cm 2
2
3. A sphere has a diameter of 6 cm. Determine its volume and surface area.
Volume of sphere =
4 3 4 6
r = = 113.1 cm3
3
3 2
2
6
Surface are of sphere = 4 r 2 = 4 = 113.1 cm 2
2
Volume of sphere =
4 3
r
3
hence, 566 =
=
r3
from which,
4 3
r
3
3 566
= 135.12255
4
and
5. A pyramid having a square base has a perpendicular height of 25 cm and a volume of 75 cm3 .
Determine, in centimetres, the length of each side of the base.
and x 2 =
1
1
A h = x2h
3
3
3 75
=9
25
i.e.
75 =
from which,
9 = 3 cm
6. A cone has a base diameter of 16 mm and a perpendicular height of 40 mm. Find its volume
correct to the nearest cubic millimetre.
476
1
1 16
Volume of cone = r 2 h = ( 40 ) = 2681 mm3
3
3 2
7. Determine (a) the volume and (b) the surface area of a sphere of radius 40 mm.
4 3 4
3
r = ( 40 ) = 268 083 mm3 or 268.083 cm3
3
3
4
4 d
Volume of sphere = r 3 =
3
3 2
Hence,
and
4 d
325 =
3 2
d 3 325
from which, =
4
2
3
d 3 3 325
= 4.265 cm and diameter, d = 2 4.265 = 8.53 cm
=
2
4
9. Given the radius of the Earth is 6380 km, calculate, in engineering notation (a) its surface area
in km 2 and (b) its volume in km3 .
(a) Surface area of Earth = 4 r 2 = 4 ( 6380 ) = 512 106 km 2
2
4 3 4
3
r = ( 6380 ) = 1.09 1012 km3
3
3
10. An ingot whose volume is 1.5 m3 is to be made into ball bearings whose radii are 8.0 cm. How
many bearings will be produced from the ingot, assuming 5% wastage?
4 3 4
3
r = (8)
3
3
477
Hence,
4
3
( 8 ) [ x]
3
11. A spherical chemical storage tank has an internal diameter of 5.6 m. Calculate the storage
capacity of the tank, correct to the nearest cubic metre. If 1 litre = 1000 cm3 , determine the tank
capacity in litres.
4
4 5.6
3
Volume of storage tank = r 3 =
= 91.95 = 92 m , correct to the nearest cubic metre
3
3 2
Volume of tank = 92 106 cm3
If 1 litre = 1000 cm3 , then capacity of storage tank =
478
92 106
litres = 92 000 litres
1000
1
[ 4 r 2 ] = r 2 + 2 r 2 =3 r 2
2
2
50
= 3 = 5890 mm 2 or 58.90 cm 2
2
2. Find (a) the volume and (b) the total surface area of a hemisphere of diameter 6 cm.
Volume of hemisphere =
1
(volume of sphere)
2
3
2
2 6.0
3
= r3 =
= 56.55 cm
3
3 2
1
(surface area of sphere) + r2
2
1
6.0
(4r 2 ) + r2 = 2r2 + r2 = 3r2 = 3
2
2
= 84.82 cm2
3. Determine the mass of a hemispherical copper container whose external and internal radii are
12 cm and 10 cm, assuming that 1 cm3 of copper weighs 8.9 g.
2 3 2
Volume of hemisphere = =
r
[123 103 ] cm3
3
3
Mass of copper = volume density =
2
[123 103 ] cm3 8.9 g/cm3 = 13570 g = 13.57 kg
3
4. A metal plumb bob comprises a hemisphere surmounted by a cone. If the diameter of the
hemisphere and cone are each 4 cm and the total length is 5 cm, find its total volume.
Volume of bob =
1 2
2 3 1
2
2
3
r h +=
r
( 2) (5 2) + ( 2)
3
3
3
3
= 4 +
16
= 29.32 cm3
3
5. A marquee is in the form of a cylinder surmounted by a cone. The total height is 6 m and the
cylindrical portion has a height of 3.5 m, with a diameter of 15 m. Calculate the surface area of
material needed to make the marquee, assuming 12% of the material is wasted in the process
where l =
( 7.52 + 2.52 )
= 7.9057 m
6. Determine (a) the volume and (b) the total surface area of the following solids:
(i) a cone of radius 8.0 cm and perpendicular height 10 cm
(ii) a sphere of diameter 7.0 cm
(iii) a hemisphere of radius 3.0 cm
480
1 2
1
2
r h = ( 8.0 ) (10 ) = 670 cm3
3
3
where
l=
(102 + 8.02 )
= 12.80625 cm
4 7.0
3
(ii) (a) Volume of sphere =
= 180 cm
3 2
2
7.0
2
(b) Surface area = 4 r = 4
= 154 cm
2
2 3 2
3
r = ( 3.0 ) = 56.5 cm3
3
3
1
2
(4 r 2 ) + r 2 = 3 r 2 = 3 ( 3.0 ) = 84.8 cm 2
2
481
1
2
( 2.5) ( 5.0 ) = 10.4 cm3
3
( AB 2 + BC 2 ) = ( 5.02 + 1.252 )
= 5.15388
2
1
AD =
1
( 6.0 4.0 )(12.0 ) = 96.0 cm3
3
(12.02 + 3.02 )
(12.02 + 2.02 )
= 12.3693 cm
= 12.1655 cm
482
Diagonal on base =
5.9397
( 4.22 + 4.22 ) =
(15.02 2.969852 )
1
5.9397 = 2.96985 cm
2
= 14.703 cm
1
2
( 4.2 ) (14.703) = 86.5 cm3
3
(14.7032 + 2.12 )
(b) AD =
cm hence, BC =
= 14.8522
2
1
= 142 cm 2
(vii) A pyramid having an octagonal base is shown sketched below.
x=
2.5
x
2.5
= 6.0355 cm
tan 22.5
1
(120.71)( 20 ) = 805 cm3
3
(p)
(b) From diagram (q) above, y =
(q)
( 202 + 6.03552 )
483
= 20.891 cm
2014, John Bird
= 539 cm 2
7. A metal sphere weighing 24 kg is melted down and recast into a solid cone of base radius 8.0 cm.
If the density of the metal is 8000 kg/m3 determine (a) the diameter of the metal sphere and (b) the
perpendicular height of the cone, assuming that 15% of the metal is lost in the process.
Volume of sphere =
mass
24 kg
3
=
= 0.003m
=
0.003 106 cm3 = 3000 cm3
density 8000 kg/m3
4 3
r
3
and
i.e. 3000 =
radius, r =
4 3
r
3
3
3000 3
= 8.947 cm
4
1 2
1
2
r h = ( 8.0 ) h
3
3
2550 3
( 8.0 )
= 38.0 cm
8. Find the volume of a regular hexagonal pyramid if the perpendicular height is 16.0 cm and the
side of base is 3.0 cm.
1.5
1.5
from which, h =
= 2.598 cm
h
tan 30
484
1
( 23.3827 )(16.0 ) = 125 cm3
3
9. A buoy consists of a hemisphere surmounted by a cone. The diameter of the cone and hemisphere
is 2.5 m and the slant height of the cone is 4.0 m. Determine the volume and surface area of the
buoy.
( 4.02 1.252 )
Height of cone, h =
Volume of buoy =
= 3.80 m
2 3 1
2
1
3
2
r + r 2 h= (1.25 ) + (1.25 ) ( 3.80 )
3
3
3
3
1
2
2
( 4 r=
) (1.25)( 4.0 ) + 2 (1.25)
2
10. A petrol container is in the form of a central cylindrical portion 5.0 m long with a hemispherical
section surmounted on each end. If the diameters of the hemisphere and cylinder are both 1.2 m
determine the capacity of the tank in litres (1 litre = 1000 cm3).
485
4
3
2
2
Volume of container = 2 r 3 + r 2=
h
( 0.6 ) + ( 0.6 ) ( 5.0 )
3
3
tank capacity =
11. The diagram below shows a metal rod section. Determine its volume and total surface area.
Volume of rod =
1 2
1
2
r h=
+ (l b w)
(1.0 ) (100 ) + (2.5 2.0 100)
2
2
1
1
( 2 r h ) + 2 r 2 + 2 ( 2.50 2.0 ) + 2 ( 2.5 100 ) + ( 2.0 100 )
2
2
= 1027 cm 2
486
12. Find the volume (in cm3 ) of the die-casting shown below. The dimensions are in millimetres.
Volume = 100 60 25 +
1
( 302 50 )
2
13. The cross-section of part of a circular ventilation shaft is shown below, ends AB and CD being
open. Calculate (a) the volume of the air, correct to the nearest litre, contained in the part of the
system shown, neglecting the sheet metal thickness, (given 1 litre = 1000 cm3 ),
(b) the cross-sectional area of the sheet metal used to make the system, in square metres, and
(c) the cost of the sheet metal if the material costs 11.50 per square metre, assuming that 25%
extra metal is required due to wastage.
487
2
3
2
2
1 4 50
50
50
80
(a) In cm , volume of air = ( 200 ) + + (150 ) + (150 )
4 3 2
2
2
2
488
1. The radii of the faces of a frustum of a cone are 2.0 cm and 4.0 cm and the thickness of the
frustum is 5.0 cm. Determine its volume and total surface area.
Volume of frustum =
1
h ( R 2 + Rr + r 2 )
3
1
1
( 5.0 )( 4.02 + (4.0)(2.0) + 2.02 ) =
( 5.0 )( 28.0 ) = 147 cm3
3
3
29
( 5.02 + 2.02 ) =
= 32.31 + 4 + 16 = 164 cm 2
2. A frustum of a pyramid has square ends, the squares having sides 9.0 cm and 5.0 cm, respectively.
Calculate the volume and total surface area of the frustum if the perpendicular distance between
its ends is 8.0 cm.
CG BH
=
BG AH
489
BH
8.0
= ( 2.5 )
= 10.0 cm
AH
2.0
2014, John Bird
1
2
( 9.0 ) (18.0 ) = 486 cm3
3
1
2
( 5.0 ) (10.0 ) = 83.33 cm3
3
BC =
( 82 + 2 2 )
= 8.246 cm
230.888 cm 2
Area of four trapeziums = 4 ( 5.0 + 9.0 )( 8.246 ) =
2
3. A cooling tower is in the form of a frustum of a cone. The base has a diameter of 32.0 m, the top
has a diameter of 14.0 m and the vertical height is 24.0 m. Calculate the volume of the tower and
the curved surface area.
A sketch of the cooling tower is shown below.
490
Volume of frustum =
Slant length, l =
1
h ( R 2 + Rr + r 2 )
3
1
( 24.0 )(16.02 + (16.0)(7.0) + 7.02 ) =
8 ( 417 ) = 10 480 m3
3
( AB 2 + BC 2 =)
25.632 m
4. A loudspeaker diaphragm is in the form of a frustum of a cone. If the end diameters are 28.0 cm
and 6.00 cm and the vertical distance between the ends is 30.0 cm, find the area of material
needed to cover the curved surface of the speaker.
Slant length, l =
( AC 2 + AB 2 =)
31.953cm
491
5. A rectangular prism of metal having dimensions 4.3 cm by 7.2 cm by 12.4 cm is melted down and
recast into a frustum of a square pyramid, 10% of the metal being lost in the process. If the ends of
the frustum are squares of side 3 cm and 8 cm respectively, find the thickness of the frustum.
By similar triangles:
CG BH
=
BG AH
BH
h
= (1.5 )
= 0.6 h
AH
2.5
1 2
(8) ( h + 0.6h ) = 34.133h cm3
3
1 2
( 3) ( 0.6 h ) = 1.8 h cm3
3
345.514
= 10.69 cm
32.333
6. Determine the volume and total surface area of a bucket consisting of an inverted frustum of a
cone, of slant height 36.0 cm and end diameters 55.0 cm and 35.0 cm.
492
Thickness of frustum, h =
Volume of frustum =
=
= 34.5832 cm
1
h ( R 2 + Rr + r 2 )
3
1
( 34.5832 )( 27.52 + (27.5)(17.5) + 17.52 ) = 55 910 cm3 correct to 4
3
significant figures
7. A cylindrical tank of diameter 2.0 m and perpendicular height 3.0 m is to be replaced by a tank of
the same capacity but in the form of a frustum of a cone. If the diameters of the ends of the
frustum are 1.0 m and 2.0 m, respectively, determine the vertical height required.
Volume of cylinder
= r 2 h =
=
(1.0 ) ( 3.0 ) 3 m3
2
493
Volume of frustum = 3 =
=
1
h ( R 2 + Rr + r 2 )
3
1
1
( h )(1.02 + (1.0)(0.5) + 0.52 ) =
h (1.75 )
3
3
494
3
1
(1.75 )
3
9
= 5.14 m
1.75
1. Determine the volume and surface area of a frustum of a sphere of diameter 47.85 cm, if the radii
of the ends of the frustum are 14.0 cm and 22.0 cm and the height of the frustum is 10.0 cm.
h
6
( h2 + 3r12 + 3r2 2 )
(10.0 )
6
47.85
2
Surface area of frustum = 2rh = 2
(10.0 ) = 1503 cm
2
2. Determine the volume (in cm3) and the surface area (in cm2) of a frustum of a sphere if the
diameter of the ends are 80.0 mm and 120.0 mm and the thickness is 30.0 mm.
The frustum is shown shaded in the cross-section sketch below (in cm units).
h
6
( h2 + 3r12 + 3r2 2 )
( 3.0 )
6
2
2
8.0
12.0
3.0 + 3
+ 3
in cm units
2
2
2
r=
62 + OP 2
495
(1)
2014, John Bird
2
r=
42 + OQ 2
Now OQ = 3 + OP
r 2 =42 + ( 3.0 + OP )
Hence,
(2)
62 + OP 2 = 42 + ( 3.0 + OP )
36 + OP 2 = 16 + 9 + 6(OP) + OP 2
i.e.
Thus,
36 = 25 + 6(OP)
from which,
OP =
11
r= 6 +
6
2
36 25 11
=
6
6
2
11
2
6 + = 6.274 cm
6
and
radius, r =
3. A sphere has a radius of 6.50 cm. Determine its volume and surface area. A frustum of the sphere
is formed by two parallel planes, one through the diameter and the other at a distance h from the
diameter. If the curved surface area of the frustum is to be
1
of the surface area of the sphere, find
5
Volume of sphere =
4 3 4
3
r = ( 6.50 ) = 1150 cm3
3
3
496
i.e.
from which,
1
( 531) cm 2 in this case
5
1
( 531)
5
1
( 531)
5
height, h =
= 2.60 cm
2 ( 6.50 )
( 6.502 2.602 )
h
6
= 5.957 cm
( h2 + 3r12 + 3r2 2 )
( 2.60 )
6
= 326.7 cm3
4. A sphere has a diameter of 32.0 mm. Calculate the volume (in cm3) of the frustum of the sphere
contained between two parallel planes distances 12.0 mm and 10.00 mm from the centre and on
opposite sides of it.
(16.02 12.02 )
= 10.583 mm
=
r2
(16.02 10.02 )
= 12.490 mm
and
h
6
( h2 + 3r12 + 3r2 2 )
497
( 22.0 )
6
5. A spherical storage tank is filled with liquid to a depth of 30.0 cm. If the inner diameter of the
vessel is 45.0 cm, determine the number of litres of liquid in the container (1 litre = 1000 cm3).
Volume of water =
2 3
r + volume of frustum
3
( 22.502 7.502 )
h
6
= 21.21 cm
( h2 + 3r12 + 3r2 2 )
( 7.5 )
6
= 11 485 cm3
Hence, total volume of water =
2
3
( 22.50 ) + 11 845 = 35 341 cm3
3
35 341cm3
= 35.34 litres
1000 cm3 /litre
498
1. Use the prismoidal rule to find the volume of a frustum of a sphere contained between two parallel
planes on opposite sides of the centre, each of radius 7.0 cm and each 4.0 cm from the centre.
Radius, r =
( 7.02 + 4.02 )
= 8.062 cm
x
[ A1 + 4 A2 + A3 ]
6
8.0
2
2
2
( 7.0 ) + 4 ( 8.062 ) + ( 7.0 )
= 1500 cm3
2. Determine the volume of a cone of perpendicular height 16.0 cm and base diameter 10.0 cm by
using the prismoidal rule.
Volume, V =
2
10.0
Area, =
A1 =
r12
=
25
2
Area, =
A3 =
r32 ( 0=
) 0
2
x
[ A1 + 4 A2 + A3 ]
6
2
5.0
Area, =
A2 =
r2 2 =
6.25
2
and x = 16.0 cm
499
16.0
x
A3 ]
[ A1 + 4 A2 +=
[ 25 + 4(6.25 ) + 0]
6
6
16.0
50 = 418.9 cm3
6
3. A bucket is in the form of a frustum of a cone. The diameter of the base is 28.0 cm and the
diameter of the top is 42.0 cm. If the length is 32.0 cm, determine the capacity of the bucket (in
litres) using the prismoidal rule (1 litre = 1000 cm3).
14 + 21
= 17.5 cm
2
x
[ A1 + 4 A2 + A3 ]
6
32.0
2
2
2
( 21.0 ) + 4 (17.5 ) + (14.0 )
= 31 200 cm3
Hence, capacity of bucket =
31 200 cm3
= 31.20 litres
1000 cm3 /litre
4. Determine the capacity of a water reservoir, in litres, the top being a 30.0 m by 12.0 m rectangle,
the bottom being a 20.0 m by 8.0 m rectangle and the depth being 5.0 m (1 litre = 1000 cm3).
500
30 + 20
12 + 8
A mid-section will have dimensions of
= 25 m by
= 10 m
2
2
Using the prismoidal rule, volume of frustum =
x
[ A1 + 4 A2 + A3 ]
6
5.0
( 30 12 ) + 4 ( 25 10 ) + ( 20 8 )
6
501
1. The diameter of two spherical bearings are in the ratio 2:5. What is the ratio of their volumes?
2. An engineering component has a mass of 400 g. If each of its dimensions are reduced by 30%,
determine its new mass.
New mass = ( 0.7 ) 400 = 0.343 400 = 137.2 g
3
502