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Etymology
2 HISTORY
per from Chidzurgwe and ivory from the middle Zambezi. This expansion weakened the Torwa kingdom, the
southern Shona state from which Mutota and his dynasty
originated.[5] Matopes armies overran the kingdom of
the Manyika as well as the coastal kingdoms of Kiteve
and Madanda.[5] By the time the Portuguese arrived on
the coast of Mozambique, the Mutapa Kingdom was the
premier Shona state in the region.[5] He raised a strong
army which conquered the Dande area that is Tonga and
Tavara. The empire had reached its full extent by the year
1480 a mere 50 years following its creation.[7]
The Emperor Mutope had left the empire with a wellorganised religion with a powerful priesthood, something
uncommon amongst African Kingdoms outside of Egypt,
Kush and Abyssinia.The religion of the Mutapa kingdom
revolved around ritual consultation of spirits and of royal
ancestors. Shrines were maintained within the capital by
spirit mediums known as "mhondoro". The mhondoro
also served as oral historians recording the names and
deeds of past kings.[8] the Mutapa people did not believe
in the devine Kingship but believed in the High God the
Supreme Being Mwari
2.3
2.2
Religion
Portuguese Contact
2.5
Collapse
3
2.4.5 Independence and Move from Zimbabwe
References
Sources
Bairoch, Paul (1991). Cities and economic development: from the dawn of history to the present.
Chicago: university of Chicago Press. p. 596.
ISBN 0-226-03466-6.
Oliver, Roland & Anthony Atmore (1975). Medieval Africa 12501800. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press. p. 738. ISBN 0-521-20413-5.
Owomoyela, Oyekan (2002). Culture and customs
of Zimbabwe. Westport: Greenwood Publishing
Group. p. 163. ISBN 0-313-31583-3.
Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers.
Jeerson: McFarland & Company, Inc. p. 395.
ISBN 0-89950-390-X.
ADDITIONAL READING
7 Additional reading
Elkiss, T.H. The Quest for an African Eldorado: Sofala, Southern Zambezia, and the Portuguese, 1500
1865. Waltham, MA: Crossroads Press, 1981.
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Text
8.2
Images
8.3
Content license