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INFRASTRUCTURE GROUP
SPECIFICATION
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Dean Hewitt
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................4
2.
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE..............................................................................5
3.
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................7
4.
5.
WELDING.................................................................................................................9
6.
HYDROSTATIC TESTING......................................................................................10
7.
8.
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING..............................................................................11
9.
WORKMANSHIP....................................................................................................14
PIPE MARKING......................................................................................................15
APPENDIX - B
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Scope
This document defines the minimum quality and acceptability governing the
design, materials, manufacture, testing, handling, and shipping of all Grades of
Clad / Lined Line Pipe.
Contractor shall obtain Company written approval for any deviations from the
requirements of this document or specifications, standards and drawings
referenced herein or elsewhere in the Contract.
This document and the codes, specifications and referenced documents listed in
1.2 below are not intended to be all-inclusive. The requirements set forth do not
relieve Contractor of his responsibility to perform all services in a safe manner, to
meet applicable codes and standards, to comply with government regulations or
to supply a product capable of performing its intended service.
1.2 Codes, Specifications, And References
The latest editions of all applicable codes, specifications and references shall
define the minimum requirements applicable to the subject work and no
statement contained in this Specification shall be construed as limiting the work
to such minimum requirements.
Wherever conflicts or omissions between codes, specifications and contract
occur, the most onerous condition shall apply. Contractor is responsible for
reviewing the list below and informing the Company of any omissions. All conflicts
shall be formally brought to the attention of the Company.
Applicable Codes
API Spec 5L
API Spec 5LD
API RP 5L1
API RP 5LW
ASME BPVC
Section V
Nondestructive Examination
ASME B31.8
ASTM A264
Standard Specification for Stainless Chromium-Nickel SteelClad Plate, Sheet, and Strip
ASTM A370
ASTM A578
Specification
for
Straight-Beam
Ultrasonic
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NACE MR0175
ASTM E59-78
ASTM E92-82
ASTM E350-88
ASTM E112
ASTM E709
ASNT-TC-1A
EN 10204
SEP 1914
Company Specifications
84501-9200-9L-027 Welding Procedure & Welder Performance Qualification
84501-9230-2L-035 Welding Specification for Flowlines to API 1104 : 1999
84501-9230-2L-009 Induction Bends
84501-9200-1L-025 Positive Material Identification
2. PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
The manufacture shall be carried out in accordance with a pre-approved
Manufacturing Procedure Specification (MPS) provided by Manufacturer. The
MPS shall include as a minimum a detailed step by step of the manufacture
process, for both the outer line pipe and inner cladding or lining, including but not
limited to steel making, targeted chemical analysis, pipe manufacture, heat
treatment, end finishing, inspection, storage and transport.
The MPS shall include reference to specifications and sources of all materials
used in the manufacture of the line pipe.
Manufacturer shall state in the MPS all parameters related to the quality of the
final product as defined in the specification which can be monitored during
manufacturing. This is to enable definition of the inspection of these items. Both
nominal values and ranges of these parameters shall be stated.
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The layout of the MPS shall enable Company to define easily and unambiguously
the responsibilities of Company's designated inspector during the manufacture.
Minimum MPS requirements are included in Appendix A.
The MPS shall be approved by Company prior to commencement of the
manufacture of the line pipe.
2.1 Steelmaking
The base material carbon steel pipe furnished to this specification shall be
seamless to API 5L for lined pipe and longitudinally welded (submerged arc
welded) for metallurgically clad pipe, with internal CRA cladding or lining, as
defined in API 5LD. Centrifugally cast pipe shall not be supplied. The line pipe
shall be a proven weldable clad or lined product. Both metallurgically and
mechanically bonded pipes are acceptable to this specification.
All steel shall be produced by the basic oxygen process, fully killed, and made to
a fine grain practice. Continuous casting shall be used unless otherwise
approved by Company. Provisions shall be made for low sulfur and low
phosphorus refining. Rare earth additions are prohibited.
Seamless pipe shall be manufactured by hot forming. Welded pipe shall be
manufactured from plate rolled from continuously cast slab.
The use of mill-jointers shall not be permitted except in the case of metallurgically
clad pipe where two equal size joints are joined in the mill to obtain the full joint
length required in Section 7.3 of this specification.
Pipe shall be suitable for:
Field welding without the necessity of post weld heat treatment if specified
on the purchase order.
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ASTM A578, Level II over a width of at least 1-inch along the edges where
welding is to be performed and throughout the plate at regular intervals, not to
exceed 6 inch spacing. Laminar defects larger than 0.250 in2 within 1 inch of the
edge are not acceptable. Defects larger than 2 in2 are not acceptable in the
interior of the plate laminar.
A test piece cut from one clad plate per cast, for metallurgically clad pipe, shall be
tested in accordance with, and meet ASTM A264 shear strength requirements.
A gripping test for determining the bond strength of lined pipe shall be performed.
Test procedure and criteria shall be agreed with Company.
2.3 Pipe Fabrication
For lined pipe, the pipe ends shall be seal welded to a procedure approved by
Company. Procedure for seal welding in the field to be performed by installation
contractor for cutbacks shall be provided. Seal welding procedures shall include
the seal welding operation, process, consumables and inspection.
The line pipe shall be suitable for manual welding using conventional pipeline
welding techniques and for automatic welding employing the systems currently in
use by the major pipelay contractors for pipelines. Manufacturer shall submit
evidence which satisfactorily demonstrates the material weldability to installation
contractors and Companys satisfaction.
3. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Chemical Composition
For Metallurgically Clad pipe
In addition to the latest revision of API Spec 5L requirements, the base material
shall meet the chemical composition requirements stated in Appendix B of this
Specification. The CRA layer shall meet the requirements of API 5LD material
grade LC 2242 (UNS N08825) except that maximum carbon content shall be
0.030. The chemical composition shall be controlled within the limits specified in
Appendix B for the base material and as specified in API 5LD for the CRA layer.
Manufacturer shall submit the proposed range and target values for each element
in the MPS.
Product analysis shall be performed on the more frequent of each lot of 50 pipes
or at least once per heat.
If any ladle or product analysis for any heat fails to meet the Specification
requirements, no pipe shall be accepted from that heat.
For Mechanically Clad pipe
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Three full size transverse Charpy V-notch impact specimens, representing one
test, shall be tested at a temperature of 0o F (-18 OC) or at least 10OC below the
minimum design temperature whichever is less. The minimum design
temperature shall consider the blowdown, gas filling, or upset condition. All tests
are to be made in the final heat treatment condition.
Testing shall be performed in accordance with API Spec 5L SR5 and ASTM A370.
For both transverse and longitudinal specimens, the notched axis shall be
perpendicular to the pipe surface.
Full size specimens (10 mm x 10 mm) shall be used where possible. For full size
transverse specimens, the minimum average absorbed energy per set of three
specimens shall be 36 ft-lb (50 J). The minimum absorbed energy of an individual
specimen shall be 30 ft-lb (40 J).
Flattening of the pipe prior to specimen preparation is not permitted. Retesting,
for Charpy V-notch tests only, is permitted if specimens show obvious defects or
defective preparation and is in accordance with this Specification.
4.4 Hardness Tests
Pipe Hardness shall conform to the requirements for welding qualification, if
applicable for welded pipe or to NACE MR0175 for sour service application.
4.5 Resetting
If one of the tests representing a lot fails to conform to the requirements in this
specification, Manufacturer shall repeat all tests on specimens cut from 10 % of
the additional lengths of pipe from the same lot. If such specimens conform to
the requirements, all remaining pipe of the lot will be accepted. If any one of the
specimens fail, the entire lot shall be rejected. However, Manufacturer may elect
to test each individual pipe remaining in the lot. Pipes, which fail any test, shall
be rejected.
5. WELDING
Prior to any welding a Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) shall be
established for Company review according to 84501-9200-9L-027.
Circumferential butt welds shall be in accordance with the requirements 845019230-2L-035.
Repair welding of the CRA layer is not permitted.
6. HYDROSTATIC TESTING
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Hydrostatic testing shall be applied to each pipe to API 5LD after final heat
treatment, expansion and straightening by use of inhibited water at a temperature
of not less than 40 OF (4.4OC) nor more than 100OF (37.8OC). The use of inhibited
water shall be specified in the MPS. Chloride content of the hydrotest water shall
be limited in accordance with API 5LD.
The hydrostatic test pressure shall correspond to the pressure required to
generate the hoop stress in the pipe wall equal to 90% of SMYS. The minimum
hold time for hydrostatic testing shall not be less than 15 seconds at the specified
test pressure.
Hydrostatic testing apparatus, which shall include a pressure recorder, master
gauge and working gauge, shall be used for all testing and shall provide a record
of the test pressure and duration of test. The hydrotest apparatus shall be
calibrated as required by Manufacturers quality plan, using a dead weight tester.
Written records of all hydrostatic tests shall be furnished to Company.
Any leak in the pipe body is a cause for rejection.
7. DIMENSIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND TOLERANCES
7.1 Diameter
The outside diameter (OD) shall be within 0.75 % of specified. The inside
diameter is defined as including the CRA layer (base pipe OD 2 x base pipe
specified wall thickness 2 x CRA layer specified thickness). The inside
diameter (ID) for a distance of 4 inches from the end of the pipe shall not be more
than 1/16 in. larger nor more than 1/64 in. smaller than specified, as measured
with inside calipers, inside micrometers, a telescope gauge or a similar device.
The inside diameter at the ends may be machined, provided that the termination
of the machining is suitably tapered in accordance with ASME B31.8 and that the
CRA clad or liner thickness tolerances are maintained. The out of roundness for
a distance of 4 inches (101.6 mm) on each OD end shall not exceed 0.5 %
when checked with a limit gage.
7.2 Wall Thickness
The specified nominal wall thickness shall be 10 % measured within 6 inches
(150 mm) from each end of the pipe and +12.5 / -10 % for the remaining pipe
body. The minimum thickness of CRA layer shall not be less than the specified
CRA layer wall thickness. The clad layer wall thickness shall be 3.0 mm for lined
and metallurgically clad pipe. Ultrasonic testing shall be employed to show that
the minimum wall thickness of the base pipe and clad layer is maintained.
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7.3 Length
At least 98% of pipe joint lengths shall be 12.2 m + 0.3 m, -0 m. The remaining
pipe joint lengths shall be > 11.5 m. Deviations to accommodate proposed
installation method must receive approval from Company.
7.4 Pipe End Squareness
Pipe ends shall be cut square at 90o to the pipe axis to within 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) at
any point for all pipes. The method of checking shall be specified in the MPS.
7.5 Pipe End Bevel
Grinding of the bevel is prohibited.
7.6 Gouges and Dents
Gouge and dent repair procedures shall be specified in the MPS.
7.7 Straightness
Measurement frequency of straightness shall be five pipes per shift provided that
these are visually determined to be the worst pipe. If any of these pipes are
rejectable, then inspection frequency shall be increased to ten pipes per shift with
these ten being the worst deviations, obtained visually, after physically rolling the
pipe.
7.8 Weight
The weight of each pipe shall be in the range of +12.5/-3.5 % of nominal weight
per foot. Weight shall be determined by automatic weighing machine.
8. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
8.1 General
All inspections shall be performed after cold expansion, heat treating, cold sizing,
straightening and hydrostatic testing.
The nondestructive testing equipment used to inspect the pipe shall be checked
with applicable reference standards in a manner similar to that used in regular
production, at least once per shift. If on checking against the reference standard,
the equipment is found to be faulty or to require recalibration, all pipe tested since
the previous calibration shall be retested.
Nondestructive inspection procedures and equipment shall be subject to approval
by Company prior to manufacture of the pipe.
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All bevelled ends shall be ultrasonically inspected over a width two (2) inches
around the circumference of the outer pipe after bevelling.
8.4 Eddy Current Testing
The longitudinal seam weld of the CRA liner for mechanically lined pipe shall be
subjected to 100% examination by Eddy Current Testing in accordance with the
specification SEP 1914. Any indications shall be evaluated in accordance with the
requirements of specification 84501-9230-2L-035.
8.5 Liquid Penetrant Examination
The longitudinal weld seam inside the pipe (CRA layer) for a distance of 24
inches from the ends and the beveled ends of clad and lined pipe shall be 100%
liquid penetrant examined in accordance with ASME V, Article 6.
The minimum dwell time for penetrant and developer shall be 15 minutes.
The acceptance criteria for the welds is:
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All repair areas shall be subject to magnetic particle examination and ultrasonic
thickness test.
8.7 Residual Magnetism
Residual magnetism may cause welding problems. The maximum permissible
magnetic flux density shall be 20 gauss, as measured completely around the end
of the pipe using a gauss meter. Every pipe shall be checked as it is loaded for
shipment from the pipe mill. All pipe exhibiting a magnetic flux density greater
than 20 gauss shall be degaussed prior to loading for shipment.
8.8 Inspection
Company or Company representative may employ inspection at any stage of
production of the pipe and shall have access to all parts of the works whenever
work on this job is being carried out.
9. WORKMANSHIP
9.1 Compliance
Manufacturer is responsible for complying with all provisions of this specification.
Company may make any investigation necessary to verify compliance by
Manufacturer and may reject any material that fails to meet this specification.
9.2 Verification and Calibration of Measuring Devices
Measuring instruments shall be calibrated or verified at least once every
operating shift. Verifying the accuracy of measuring devices shall consist of
inspection for wear and conformance to specified dimensions. Verifying the
accuracy of rulers and other non-adjustable measuring devices shall consist of a
visual check for legibility of markings and general wear of fixed reference points.
9.3 Disposition of Defects
Imperfections, described in API 5L, Section 7.8, and API 5LD, Section 11 that
exceed the specified criteria shall be considered defects. Pipe containing defects
must be given one of the following dispositions:
The defect shall be removed by grinding provided the remaining pipe wall
thickness is within the limit specified in section 8.2 of this specification.
The ground areas shall be carefully dressed to ensure a smooth transition
with the surrounding surface of the pipe and that no sharp notch results.
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The section of pipe containing the defect shall be cut off provided the pipe
length requirements are met.
Manufacturer shall submit all repair procedures to Company for approval prior to
the manufacture of pipe. Manufacturer shall take all reasonable precautions to
minimize reoccurring damage to the pipe.
9.4 Rejection
Material which shows defects on mill inspection or subsequent to acceptance at
Manufacturer's works, or which proves defective when properly applied in
service, may be rejected, and Manufacturer so notified.
9.5 Rejectable Flaws
Rejectable flaws shall include cracks, leaks and laminations. Rejects due to nondestructive tests and end laminations shall be in accordance with the relevant
sections above.
9.6 Rejection Records
Manufacturer shall prepare a rejection rate record and maintain a current record
of all rejected pipes, complete with reasons or causes for rejection. Production
shall be halted if rejection rates become unacceptable (greater than 3 % after 10
% of the pipe in the lot has been produced). Production shall not be continued
until after the causes of this rejection rate are determined, steps are taken to
prevent these from occurring during the rest of the production order, Company is
notified, and finally, written approval by Company is given.
10. PIPE CONTROL TALLY SHEET
Manufacturer shall maintain a Pipe Control Tally Sheet that shall be updated on a
daily basis. This sheet shall show the status of all pipes in the order at all times.
11. PIPE MARKING
11.1
Requirements
Each length of pipe shall be paint-stenciled with all of the required API markings.
All markings shall be paint stenciled onto the outside surface of one end of the
pipe. Markings shall be in block capital letters with a minimum height of 0.75
inches (19 mm). Markings shall be included on the inside of the pipe at one end
and shall include as a minimum:
Name of manufacturer
11.2
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Heat/lot number
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Die Stamping
Bevel shall have hard stamp numbers to ensure traceability using a round softnosed die.
Transportation Preparation
The billets, slabs and pipe from each heat shall remain, as much as practical,
segregated during the entire manufacturing, testing, inspection and shipping
processes.
Care shall be taken to ensure that mechanical damage is not caused during
handling and transportation of pipe. Handling procedures and details of pipe
transportation shall be submitted to Company for approval. All pipes shall be
handled, loaded and shipped in accordance with API RP 5L1 and 5LW as
applicable. The dimensional tolerances and surface conditions of each pipe shall
apply to the pipe condition as received by Company at the shipping destination.
Pipe shall be delivered without salt contamination.
13.2
End Protectors
End protectors are required. The use of the mill's standard steel end protector
shall be detailed in the MPS.
General
Mill test certificates shall be supplied in the English language. One original and
two copies are required for each lot of not more than 100 pipe lengths. All pipes
shall be shown on the mill test certificates. All certificates shall be available prior
to pipe arrival.
14.2
Required Data
The following data are required as a minimum on all mill certificates:
14.3
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Ladle analysis
Product analysis
Carbon equivalent
Heat Treatment
Specification limits
NDE results
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Format
The layout of the mill certificate shall include the following as a minimum:
Mill Location
Heat Number
Pipe grade
Dimensional report.
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General
The quality system implemented by Manufacturer shall establish and maintain a
fully documented Quality Assurance/Quality Control system.
Any verification of quality performed by Company or Company representative
shall not relieve Manufacturer of the responsibility to produce acceptable line pipe
nor shall it preclude any subsequent rejection of line pipe.
Manufacturer shall establish and maintain control of all special processes, which
are essential to production, inspection or safety. Equipment, processing
environment and Manufacturer personnel shall be subject to appropriate
qualifications or certifications.
Manufacturer shall maintain quality records as documenting evidence of
conformance to quality requirements. These records shall be made available to
Company representative for review.
16.2
Quality Plan
Prior to the start of any manufacturing process Manufacturer shall prepare a
Quality Plan which sets forth witness, hold, review, repair, and monitor points for
review and approval by Company. Manufacturers subsequent Quality Control of
the Work shall strictly adhere to the agreed Quality Plan. The implementation of
the Quality plan may be subject to monitoring by Company and in addition, may
be audited following an agreed period of notice. Manufacturer shall ensure that
the Quality Plan requirements specified are applied to all materials, equipment
and services provided.
Manufacturer shall inspect the line pipe to ensure compliance with the purchase
order requirements. A check shall be made of all inspection records to verify that
the line pipes were inspected at all points shown in the Quality Plan and that
these records are complete and available to Company representative.
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APPENDIX - A
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The MPS shall include but not be limited to the following items for the CRA
layer/liner and base pipe as applicable:
De-oxidation method
Desulphurization method
Special additions
Ladle treatments
Vacuum de-gassing
Casting practices
Heat treatment (incl. temperatures, hold times, heating and cooling rates,
cooling medium and furnace details)
Quality Plan
APPENDIX - B
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ELEMENT
C
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Mn
1.60
Si
0.50
0.02
0.015
Cu
0.35
Ni
0.40
Mo
0.25
Cr
0.30
Al (total)
0.06
Nb
0.05
0.10
Ti
0.05
0.01
0.0005
Ca
0.004
CE, max
0.40
Pcm, max
0.25