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(TTX2313)
Lab Session 01
Name
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Registration No : .
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Assessments of Errors
Experiments and observations in Physics necessarily have their limitations on
account of inherent limits to the accuracy of headings possible with measuring
instruments.
There is some error of uncertainty associated with every measurement we make. It
is convenient for the purpose of discussion to divide these errors formally into
three main classes.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Systematic errors
Random errors
Personal error
Variational errors
b).
Setting errors
a) Variational errors:
Variation in the property of the material gives the Variational error.
For eg: - diameter of a wire.
The diameter of a wire varies from place to place. Theoretically it is
assumed that diameter is uniform but in fact in practice it is not so. The
diameters in various places and in various orientations are measured and the
mean value is calculated. From this the error can be worked out.
b) Setting Errors:
This is in many ways, similar to the scale reading error but it depends not on
the
Personal Errors:
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Readings / Observations
(vii) Calculations
(viii) Error correction
(ix)
Brief discussion.
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Experiment 01
Work Sheet
Observations on Vernier Calliper:
divisions of vernier scale coincide with . divisions of main
scale
Least count of the vernier scale =
Zero error
(i)
= ..
= ..
(ii)
Method: - Find the least count of the instrument. Place the object in
between the anvil and the spindle. Turn the head till the object is gently
pressed in between the anvil and the spindle. Then obtain the necessary
readings.
Pitch line
10
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Experiment 02
Work Sheet
Least count of M.S.G
=.
=.
(i)
Average diameter
(ii)
=.
Average thickness
=.
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(iii)
Average diameter
=.
Volume =
= ...
4
r
3
= ...
= ...
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Experiment 03
Work Sheet
Measurements using Physical Balance
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Block (kg)
1)
2)
3)
(i) Measurements on weight of steel ball.
Average weight =...
(ii) Measurements on weight of Test tube.
Average weight =...
(iii) Measurements on weight of the block.
Average weight =...
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(iv)
With the readings of experiment (i), (ii) and (iii) calculate the
densities of
(i)
Block
(ii)
Steel ball
Block
Volume = .
Mass
= .
Density = .
Steel ball
Volume = .
Mass
= .
Density = .
15
R=
a2 h
+
6h 2
Method:
Place the instrument on a flat surface and turn the circular scale until its tip O
touches the flat surface. Note down the reading on the spherometer.Now place the
instrument on the convex side of the curved surface and turn the circular scale in
the anti-clockwise sense until the three legs A, B, C and the tip O touches the
curved surface. Note down the reading on the spherometer.Measure the distance
between two legs of spherometer by the Vernier calliper.
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Experiment 04
Work Sheet
Least count of instrument
=
Zero error of the instrument
=
Reading when A, B, C and O are in the same plane (mm)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) .
Zero Error Correction of Average =..
Average =..
Reading when A, B, C and O are all touching the convex surface (mm)
(i)
(ii)
(iii) .
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R=
a2 h
+
6h 2
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Viva marks = ..
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