Base de Datos Ingles 1 Semestre

Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge)
Chapter 5 Personality and Values

1) Which of the following is the best definition of personality?
A) Personality is an aggregate set of traits that are mostly determined at birth.
B) Personality is an aggregate set of traits that are determined over a person's lifetime.
C) Personality is all the ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
D) Personality is, for the most part, comprised of traits that cannot be measured or defined.
E) Personality is the static organization of how a person reacts to different environments.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and
interacts with others, usually described in terms of the measurable traits a person exhibits.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 134-135
Topic: Personality
Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills
Objective: Personality
Quest. Category: Concept/Definitional
LO: 1
2) Which of the following statements about the determinants of personality is true?
A) Personality appears to have no determinants.
B) Personality appears to be a result of external factors.
C) Personality appears to be a result of only environmental factors.
D) Personality appears to be a result of only hereditary factors.
E) Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors.
Answer: E
Explanation: A) Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors.
However, research in personality development has tended to better support the importance of
heredity over the environment.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Personality Determinants
LO: 1
1
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) The most common form of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. However, the
applicant could easily ________ .
A) change his personality instantly
B) not truly know his personality
C) refuse to take the survey
D) fail the survey, but be the best candidate
E) practice impression management
Answer: E
Explanation: A) One weakness of self-evaluation measures is that the respondent might lie or
practice impression management, that is, the person could "fake good" on the test to create a
good impression.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 135
Topic: Personality
LO: 1
4) If personality characteristics were completely dictated by ________, they would be fixed at
birth and no amount of experience could alter them.
A) job satisfaction
B) heredity
C) environment
D) situations
E) religion
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. Physical stature, facial
attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and
biological rhythms are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced
by who your parents are. If the hereditary factor were complete, there would be nothing a person
could do to change his personality.
Topic: Personality
LO: 1
2
5) Divina and Shawna are identical twins that were adopted at birth by very different families.
Divina grew up in Houston, Texas, and attended a large urban high school. Shawna grew up in a
small rural town and attended a high school with fewer than one hundred students. Which of the
following statements is most likely to be true about the two girls?
A) Divina is shy because she was just a number in a crowd. Shawna is outgoing because her
school was small.
B) Divina is outgoing because she had to fight to get people to recognize her in a large school.
Shawna is shy because she didn't want to stand out.
C) Both Divina and Shawna were highly influenced by their different environments and have
very different personalities.
D) Both Divina and Shawna are shy because they share many common personality traits based
on their genetic heredity.
E) Both Divina and Shawna are shy because the environments in which they were raised
demanded that they be shy to be successful.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Studies of thousands of twins separated at birth indicate that the hereditary
determinants for personality play a stronger role than the environmental determinants. In almost
every case, regardless of environment, the twins would share personality traits, such as shyness.
Topic: Personality
Quest. Category: Application
LO: 1
6) All of the following are classifications on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator except ________.
A) extroverted/introverted
B) sensing/intuitive
C) perceiving/judging
D) independent/dependent
E) thinking/feeling
Answer: D
Explanation: A) In the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals are classified as extroverted or
introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and judging or
perceiving ( J or P). Therefore independent/dependent is not a MBTI classification.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Classifications
LO: 2
3
7) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "E or I" stand for?
A) extroverted/intuitive
B) emotional/introverted
C) extroverted/introverted
D) emotional/intuitive
E) sane/reflective
Answer: C
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
8) What does the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator classification of "S or N" stand for?
A) sensing/intuitive
B) sensing/thinking
C) emotional stability/intuitive
D) emotional stability/thinking
E) sane/reflective
Answer: A
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
4
9) How would someone who is described as an ESTJ on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator best be
described?
A) as a visionary
B) as a conceptualizer
C) as an innovator
D) as an organizer
E) as a leader
Answer: D
Explanation: A) ESTJs (extroverted, sensing, thinking, judging), are organizers. They are
realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive and have a natural head for business or mechanics.
They like to organize and run activities.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
10) You wish to hire a person who is innovative, individualistic, versatile, and entrepreneurial.
Candidates for this position would ideally have what classification on the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator?
A) INTJs
B) ESTJs
C) ENTPs
D) ISFPs
E) ESTPs
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The ENTP type is a conceptualizer, innovative, individualistic, versatile, and
attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. This person tends to be resourceful in solving challenging
problems.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
5
11) A book that profiled 13 contemporary business people who created super successful firms
including Apple Computer, FedEx, Honda Motors, Microsoft, and Sony found that all 13 were
what type of thinkers?
A) perceiving
B) sensing
C) intuitive
D) conscientious
E) feeling
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The book found that all were intuitive thinkers (NTs). This result is particularly
interesting because intuitive thinkers represent only about 5 percent of the population.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
LO: 2
12) What is the major problem with the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of
personality?
A) It is very difficult to administer.
B) It forces a person to be categorized as either one type or another.
C) It does not include enough dimensions to differentiate all the variety of human personality.
D) It tends to overemphasize intuitive personality traits over analytical personality traits.
E) It is very difficult to accurately interpret.
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Evidence is mixed about the MBTI's validity as a measure of personality, with
most of the evidence suggesting it is not a good indicator. One problem is that the test forces a
person into either one type or another (that is, you're either introverted or extroverted). There is
no in-between, though people can be both extroverted and introverted to some degree.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
6
13) Which of the following is not included in the Big Five model?
A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) intuitiveness
D) emotional stability
E) extroversion
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The big five personality factors are extraversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience. Intuitiveness is not a factor.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Big Five Personality Model
LO: 3
14) Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to
others?
A) conscientiousness
B) agreeableness
C) extroversion
D) feeling
E) emotional stability
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The agreeableness dimension refers to an individual's propensity to defer to
others. Highly agreeable people are cooperative, warm, and trusting. People who score low on
agreeableness are cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Agreeableness
LO: 3
7
15) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
C) conscientiousness
D) feeling
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly
conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low
on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Conscientiousness
LO: 3
16) Marina loves to visit a new country every year. Her hobbies are visiting museums, painting,
traveling, and learning new languages. Which dimension of the Big Five model best describes
Marina, according to her hobbies?
A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
D) openness to experience
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The openness to experience dimension addresses range of interests and
fascination with novelty. Extremely open people are creative, curious, and artistically sensitive.
Those at the other end of the openness category are conventional and find comfort in the
familiar.
Topic: Personality
LO: 3
8
17) A high score in which dimension of the Big Five model predicts good job performance for all
occupational groups?
A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
E) openness to experience
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Conscientiousness, in the form of persistence, attention to detail, and setting of
high standards, was more important than other traits.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Big Five Traits
LO: 4
18) Which of the following is not a way in which extroverts excel?
A) They are happier in their jobs and lives.
B) They experience more positive emotions.
C) They are prone to impulsive behavior.
D) They have high interpersonal job performance.
E) They are strong, assertive leaders.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) One downside of extraversion is that extroverts are more impulsive than
introverts; they are more likely to be absent from work and engage in risky behavior such as
unprotected sex, drinking, and other impulsive or sensation-seeking acts.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
9
19) Why are agreeable people usually less successful in their careers?
A) They aren't happy in their lives.
B) They aren't liked by superiors.
C) They don't make many friends.
D) They don't negotiate well.
E) They aren't successful in school.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) A downside of agreeableness is that it is associated with lower levels of career
success (especially earnings). Agreeable individuals may be poorer negotiators; they are so
concerned with pleasing others that they often don't negotiate as much for themselves as they
might.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
20) What is the term used for the degree to which people like or dislike themselves?
A) core self-evaluation
B) authoritarianism
C) locus of control
D) Machiavellianism
E) efficacy
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Core self-evaluation is the degree to which an individual likes or dislikes
himself or herself, whether the person sees himself or herself as capable and effective, and
whether the person feels in control of his or her environment or powerless over the environment.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Core Self-Evaluation
LO: 5
10
21) Which of the following statements about people with positive core self-evaluations is true?
A) They set goals which are easily obtainable.
B) They do not attribute positive outcomes to their own actions.
C) They are overconfident.
D) They take responsibility less frequently.
E) They tend to obtain more complex and challenging jobs.
Answer: E
Explanation: A) People with positive core self-evaluation see more challenge in their job and
attain more complex jobs. They also set more ambitious goals, are more committed to their
goals, and persist longer in attempting to reach these goals.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Core Self-Evaluation
LO: 5
22) What personality characteristic centers on whether a person is unemotional and pragmatic
and believes that ends can justify means?
A) authoritarianism
B) Machiavellianism
C) Type A personality
D) risk-taking
E) Narcissism
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Machiavellianism is the degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains
emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Machiavellianism
LO: 5
11
23) A high Mach would be most suited for which of the following positions?
A) a manager who leads a team of geographically distant consultants
B) a human resources manager who ensures staff firings do not place the company in legal
jeopardy
C) an ombudsman who investigates consumer complaints and mediates their outcome
D) an auditor who checks that all company accounts are kept properly
E) a real estate broker negotiating in the lease of large amounts of office space
Answer: E
Explanation: A) High Machs make good employees in jobs that require bargaining skills (such
as labor negotiation) or that offer substantial rewards for winning (such as commissioned sales).
The best job for him would be that of the broker negotiating the lease.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
24) During an annual review Mitchel made the following assertion: "When I look at myself and
my performance I see that what I have achieved is outstanding and has, not surprisingly, won me
the admiration and envy of most of my colleagues. I notice that everyone keeps talking about
me; they are all just waiting to find out what triumph I will pull off next! In short, I don't just
deserve a raise, but need one, since without me, let's face it, the place would simply fall apart."
Which of the following is probably the best descriptor of Mitchel's personality?
A) Type A
B) external locus of control
C) high-self monitoring
D) narcissistic
E) high Mach
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Mitchel is a narcissist. Narcissism is the tendency to be arrogant, have a
grandiose sense of self-importance, require excessive admiration, and have a sense of
entitlement.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Narcissism
LO: 5
12
25) Which of the following is not a possible result from hiring Marsha, an applicant with a
narcissistic personality?
A) Marsha is likely to be disrespectful and condescending to other coworkers.
B) Marsha is likely to exploit shy and introverted coworkers.
C) Marsha is likely to keep important information to herself.
D) Marsha is likely to be more productive than her coworkers.
E) Marsha is likely to refuse to help coworkers.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Narcissists often "talk down" to those who threaten them, treating others as if
they were inferior. They also tend to be selfish and exploitive and believe others exist for their
benefit. Their bosses rate them as less effective at their jobs than others, particularly when it
comes to helping other people.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Narcissism
LO: 5
26) How would you describe an individual who is capable of presenting striking contradictions
between who they are in public and who they are privately?
A) low Mach
B) high Mach
C) low self-monitoring
D) high self-monitoring
E) narcissistic
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Self-monitoring refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to
external, situational factors. Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability
in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors. They are highly sensitive to external
cues and can behave differently in different situations.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Self-Monitoring
LO: 5
13
27) Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

A) They have a low behavioral consistency between who they are and what they do.
B) They tend to rate their performance much more highly than do outside observers.
C) They tend to pay less attention to the behavior of others than high self-monitors.
D) They usually receive high performance ratings.
E) They tend to thrive in areas that require them to take risks.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) High self-monitors pay close attention to the behavior of others and are capable
of conforming to different situations. Low self-monitors are just the opposite, and tend to not
notice other's behavior.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
28) Which of the following has the highest intrinsic risk-taking propensity?
A) an accountant performing auditing activities
B) a stock trader in a brokerage firm
C) a computer technologist
D) a marketing representative
E) a school crossing guard
Answer: B
Explanation: A) A high risk-taking propensity may lead to more effective performance for a
stock trader in a brokerage firm because that type of job demands rapid decision making.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Risk-Taking
LO: 5
14
29) Zach gulps his food, is constantly spinning his pen in class, always walks quickly, gets bored
with slow intellectual movies, and is annoyed that it's taking four and a half years to graduate
from business school. Zach is probably ________.
A) a Type A personality
B) a self-monitoring personality
C) a narcissist
D) A Type B personality
E) a proactive personality
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Type As are always moving, walking, and eating rapidly, feel impatient with the
rate at which most events take place, strive to think or do two or more things at once, cannot
cope with leisure time.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
30) What term is used to describe the personality of an individual who is aggressively involved
in an incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time?
A) Type A personality
B) Type B personality
C) proactive personality
D) narcissistic personality
E) high Mach personality
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A person with a type A personality has an aggressive involvement in a chronic,
incessant struggle to achieve more and more in less and less time and, if necessary, against the
opposing efforts of other things or other people.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Type A Personality
LO: 5
15
31) Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

A) They don't tend to feel a lot of stress.
B) They play for fun and relaxation.
C) They work fast .
D) They are unpredictable.
E) They are generally content with their place in the world.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Type As are fast workers because they emphasize quantity over quality. They
work long hours and try to get more and more done.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Type A Personality
LO: 5
32) Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Type B personality?
A) A Type B does not suffer from a sense of time urgency, with its accompanying impatience.
B) A Type B plays for fun and relaxation.
C) A Type B strives to think or do two or more things at once.
D) A Type B can relax without guilt.
E) A Type B does not need to discuss their achievements.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The Type B is exactly the opposite of Type A, and is rarely harried by the desire
to obtain an increasing number of things or do many things at once. They are less stressed and
more relaxed.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Type B Personality
LO: 5
16
33) Which of the following terms best describes people who show initiative, take action, and
persevere until meaningful change occurs?
A) Type A
B) high self esteem
C) proactive personalities
D) high conscientiousness
E) high Mach
Answer: C
Explanation: A) A person with a proactive personality is defined as one who can identify
opportunities, show initiative, take action, and persevere until meaningful change occurs. They
create positive change in their environments, regardless of the obstacles that may exist.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Proactive Personality
LO: 5
34) Which of the following personality traits is most likely to help achieve career success?
A) proactive
B) high S.E
C) Type A
D) extrovert
E) agreeable
Answer: A
Explanation: A) As individuals, proactives are more likely than others to achieve career success.
They select, create, and influence work situations in their favor. They seek out job and
organizational information, develop contacts in high places, engage in career planning, and
demonstrate persistence in the face of career obstacles.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Proactive Personality
LO: 5
17
35) Which of the following terms describes basic convictions that "a specific mode of conduct or
end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite mode of conduct"?
A) values
B) attitudes
C) convictions
D) preferences
E) affectual preferences
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Values represent basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end-state
of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or
end-state of existence. Values contain a judgmental element in that they carry an individual's
ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Values
LO: 6
36) What does the content attribute of a value state?
A) that the value is complete
B) that the value is important
C) that the value is strongly or weakly held
D) the behavior associated with that value
E) that the value is not transient
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Values have both content and intensity attributes. The content attribute says a
mode of conduct or end-state of existence is important. The intensity attribute specifies how
important it is.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Value Attributes
LO: 6
18
37) When we rank an individual's values in order of their ________, we obtain the person's value
system.
A) intensity
B) content
C) context
D) social acceptance
E) social needs
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A value system is defined as a hierarchy based on a ranking of an individual's
values in terms of their intensity.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Value System
LO: 6
38) Which of the following statements about values is true?
A) Values are flexible.
B) Values are synonymous with attitudes.
C) Values tend to be consistent among occupational groups.
D) Values are fairly stable over time.
E) Values change easily when they are called into question.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Values tend to be relatively stable and enduring, with most people having
acquired a significant portion of their values in their early years, from parents, teachers, friends,
and others.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Values
LO: 6
19
39) Values are important to organizational behavior because they ________.

A) allow the study of alignment of organizational policies
B) lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation
C) form the supporting foundation for the study of ethics
D) are an integral part of culture
E) encourage ethical behavior
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Values lay the foundation for our understanding of people's attitudes and
motivation and influence our perceptions. We enter an organization with preconceived notions of
what "ought" and "ought not" to be. If the company's values are in line with the employee's, the
employee is more likely to be satisfied.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Importance of Values
LO: 6
40) Which of the following values would be most likely to be considered a terminal value by
Rokeach?
A) ambition
B) broad-mindedness
C) helpfulness
D) a sense of accomplishment
E) self-control
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Terminal values refers to desirable end-states. These are the goals a person
would like to achieve during his or her lifetime. A sense of accomplishment is an end-state goal.
The other answers are means which a person could use to get to that goal.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Rokeach Value Survey
LO: 6
20
41) Which of the following is not an instrumental value?

A) clean
B) wisdom
C) polite
D) loving
E) courageous
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Wisdom is a terminal value, or an end-state of being. Clean, polite, loving, and
courageous are all considered instrumental values, or modes of behavior, that a person could use
to reach a desired goal.
Topic: Personality
LO: 6
42) Which of the following terminal values are most common among executives?
A) equality, world peace, family security
B) self-respect, family security, freedom
C) mature love, inner harmony, freedom
D) wisdom, salvation, world beauty
E) forgiving, equality, happiness
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The top three common terminal values in surveyed executives were self-respect,
family security, and freedom. Although there is some overlap with other groups in the area of
family security, in general, executives do not rank high values such as inner harmony or world
beauty.
Topic: Personality
LO: 6
21
43) What is the term used to describe workers who entered the workforce in the 1950s and early
1960s?
A) Boomers
B) Nexters
C) Xers
D) Veterans
E) Millennials
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Workers who grew up influenced by the Great Depression and World War II are
called Veterans (or Traditionalists). They entered the workforce in the 1950s or early 1960s. They
are hardworking, conservative, conforming and loyal to the organization.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Veterans
LO: 7
44) What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most loyal to their careers?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Millennials
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Workers who grew up influenced by the Great Depression and World War II are
called Veterans (or Traditionalists). They entered the workforce in the 1950s or early 1960s. They
are hardworking, conservative, conforming and loyal to the organization.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Veterans
LO: 7
22
45) What term is used for those who entered the U.S. work force from the mid-1960s through the
mid-1980s?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Boomers (Baby Boomers) are a large cohort born after World War II when
veterans returned to their families and times were good. Boomers entered the workforce from the
mid-1960s through the mid-1980s.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Boomers
LO: 7
46) What is the term used to describe those members of the population whose lives have been
shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers and who value flexibility, life options, and
the achievement of job satisfaction?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Hexers
Answer: D
Explanation: A) The lives of Xers (Generation Xers) have been shaped by globalization, twocareer parents, MTV, AIDS, and computers. Xers value flexibility, life options, and the
achievement of job satisfaction. Family and relationships are very important to this cohort.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Xers
LO: 7
23
47) In the U.S., employees in what age group value wealth and strive to become rich?
A) 20s
B) 30s
C) 40s
D) 50s
E) 60s
Answer: A
Explanation: A) The Millennials, (those under 30 years of age), have grown up during
prosperous times. They have high expectations. Their life goals are oriented toward becoming
rich (81 percent) and famous (51 percent).
Topic: Personality
Objective: Nexters
LO: 7
48) Patrice has a small company that makes mustard. His local sales are low, and he wants to
reach a wider, national clientele by getting on the Web, so he has placed an online ad for a Web
designer and master. It is most likely that the majority of the job applicants will be from the
________ generation.
A) millenial
B) boomer
C) Xer
D) veteran
E) traditionalist
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Millennials are at ease with technology and they are the first generation to take
it completely for granted as a part of their lives. It is likely that most of the applicants will be
recent graduates with technology degrees.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Nexters
LO: 7
24
49) Which of the following is a reason that many researchers believe that generational values are
invalid?
A) There's too much overlap.
B) The research has been manipulated.
C) The media has glorified the Nexters.
D) The Veteran generation is no longer part of the workforce.
E) There's no valid research on the topic.
Answer: E
Explanation: A) Generational value classifications lack solid research support. Over two years of
collecting information on generational values, zero research articles were found.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Generational Values
LO: 7
50) More than other generations, ________ tend to be questioning, socially conscious, and
entrepreneurial.
A) Boomers
B) Nexters
C) Traditionalists
D) Veterans
E) Xers
Answer: B
Explanation: A) The most recent entrants to the workforce, the Millennials (also called Netters,
Nexters, Generation Yers, and Generation Nexters) grew up during prosperous times. They have
high expectations and seek meaning in their work. They tend to be questioning, electronically
networked, and entrepreneurial.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Nexters
LO: 7
25
51) The most recent entrants to the U.S. workforce are ________.
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The most recent entrants to the workforce, the Millennials (also called Netters,
Nexters, Generation Yers, and Generation Nexters) grew up during prosperous times. They have
high expectations and seek meaning in their work. They tend to be questioning, electronically
networked, and entrepreneurial.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Nexters
LO: 7
52) What cohort of workers in the U.S. is most likely to balk at having to work extensive
overtime and weekends?
A) Veterans
B) Boomers
C) Nexters
D) Xers
E) Traditionalists
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Xers are less willing to make personal sacrifices, such as working extensive
overtime for the sake of their employer, than previous generations were.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Xers
LO: 7
26
53) Holland's theory of personality-job fit argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover
lowest where ________.
A) personality and occupation are in agreement
B) an individual is highly motivated
C) salary is high
D) felt emotions are displayed
E) compensation is high
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Holland presents six personality types and proposes that satisfaction and the
propensity to leave a position depend on how well individuals match their personalities to a job.
People in jobs congruent with their personality should be more satisfied and less likely to
voluntarily resign than people in incongruent jobs.
Topic: Linking an Individual's Personality and Values to the Workplace
Objective: Personality-Job Fit Theory
LO: 7
54) ________ developed a Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire that contains 160
occupational titles.
A) Maslow
B) Holland
C) Hofstede
D) Herzberg
E) Surber
Answer: B
Explanation: A) In John Holland's personality-job fit theory he developed the Vocational
Preference Inventory questionnaire, which contains 160 occupational titles. Respondents indicate
which they like or dislike, and their answers form personality profiles.
LO: 7
27
55) Each of the six personality types developed in Holland's personality-job fit theory has a
________.
A) supplemental personality style
B) congruent personality style
C) congruent occupational environment
D) supplemental occupational environment
E) supplemental skill set
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Holland's personality-job fit theory determined personality types based on a 160
questions. Respondents indicate which they like or dislike, and their answers form personality
profiles. Each personality type then had a corresponding occupational field.
LO: 7
56) The "realistic" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent occupations
would be well suited for which of the following jobs?
A) painter
B) accountant
C) mechanic
D) lawyer
E) biologist
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Realistic personalities prefer physical activities that require skill, strength, and
coordination. They thrive in jobs such as mechanics, drill press operators, assembly-line workers,
and farmers.
LO: 7
28
57) You are seeking to fill the position of corporate accountant, and have administered Holland's
Vocational Preference Inventory questionnaire to all candidates. You would suspect that the
questionnaire would indicate that the best candidates for the position would have which of the
following personality types?
A) conventional
B) realistic
C) enterprising
D) investigative
E) social
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Conventional personalities prefer rule-regulated, orderly, and unambiguous
activities. Careers for conventional personalities include; accountant, corporate manager, bank
teller, and file clerk.
LO: 7
58) The "enterprising" personality from Holland's typology of personality and congruent
occupations would exhibit which of the following personality characteristics?
A) imaginative, disorderly, idealistic
B) shy, genuine, persistent
C) sociable, friendly, cooperative
D) self-confident, ambitious, energetic
E) conforming, efficient, practical,
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Enterprising personalities prefer verbal activities in which there are
opportunities to influence others and attain power. They are self-confident, ambitious, energetic,
and domineering.
LO: 7
29
59) Which of the following researchers produced a comprehensive analysis of variation among
cultures?
A) Maslow
B) Hofstede
C) Festinger
D) Skinner
E) Freud
Answer: B
Explanation: A) One of the most widely referenced approaches for analyzing variations among
cultures was done in the late 1970s by Geert Hofstede. He surveyed more than 116,000 IBM
employees in 40 countries about their work-related values and found that managers and
employees vary on five value dimensions of national culture.
Skill: AACSB: Analytic Skills; Multicultural and Diversity
Objective: Hofstede's Framework for Assessing Cultures
LO: 8
60) Which of the following is not one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?
A) power distance
B) flexibility versus rigidity
C) individualism versus collectivism
D) long-term versus short-term orientation
E) uncertainty avoidance
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture are power distance, individualism
versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term versus
short-term orientation.
LO: 8
30
61) What is the measure of the extent to which people in a country accept the fact that power in
institutions and organizations is distributed unequally?
A) caste acceptance
B) collectivism
C) power distance
D) masculinity
E) rigidity
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Power distance is defined as a national culture attribute that describes the extent
to
which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. For
example, a high rating on power distance means that large inequalities of
power and wealth exist and are tolerated in the culture, as in a class or caste
system that discourages upward mobility. A low power distance rating characterizes
societies that stress equality and opportunity.
Skill: AACSB: Multicultural and Diversity
Objective: Power Distance
LO: 8
62) Which of the following is most likely to be a country with high power distance?
A) an individualist country like Australia
B) a long term oriented country like Japan
C) an uncertainty avoiding country like Uruguay
D) a poor country like Guatemala
E) a masculine country like Greece
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Poorer countries such as Mexico and the Philippines tend to be higher on power
distance.
LO: 8
31
63) Which of Hofstede's dimensions is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured
to unstructured situations?
A) collectivism
B) power distance
C) long-term orientation
D) uncertainty avoidance
E) idiocentricity
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Uncertainty avoidance is a national culture attribute that describes the extent to
which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.
In cultures that score high on uncertainty avoidance, people have an increased level of anxiety
about uncertainty and ambiguity and use laws and controls to reduce uncertainty. Cultures low
on uncertainty avoidance are more accepting of ambiguity.
Objective: Uncertainty Avoidance
LO: 8
64) Antonio is managing three small factories on the Mexico border with Texas. Knowing that
cultures such as Mexico generally score high in Hofstede's dimension of uncertainty avoidance,
which of the following management tactics would be appropriate for Antonio?
A) Antonio should allow the employees flexible working hours and alternate factory shifts
weekly.
B) Antonio should put women in charge of the factory schedule to reduce masculinity
differences.
C) Antonio should only visit the factory once a month so that the workers aren't intimidated.
D) Antonio should make sure that his factories maintain consistent shift schedules and weekly
pay.
E) Antonio should work on the floor with the workers for a day to reduce power distance.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Cultures that score high on uncertainty avoidance have an increased level of
anxiety about uncertainty and ambiguity. They prefer rules and guidelines to ease their anxiety. If
Antonio enforces regular hours and consistent pay, his employees will be happier.
Objective: The GLOBE Framework for Assessing Cultures
LO: 8
32
65) Lynda is going to travel to Japan to bid on a large engineering project for her firm. Knowing
that Japan ranked the highest in masculinity in Hofstede's cultural values study, which of the
following behaviors would be safest for Lynda?
A) She should be bold and boisterous.
B) She should pay for all food and drinks.
C) She should wear colorful, feminine attire.
D) She should wear only conservative attire.
E) She should make lots of jokes.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Because of their cultural upbringing, Japanese men find it hard to relate to highpowered businesswomen. Lynda will need to behave subtly and conservatively to gain their
respect. She should wear conservative attire and pull her hair back.
LO: 8
66) Hubert wants to expand his import business to Malaysia. Knowing that Malaysia ranked
higher than any other country in power distance in Hofstede's cultural values study, which of the
following is most likely true about what Hubert will discover when visiting potential business
partners?
A) Most of the businesses are run by women.
B) Employees enjoy high benefits and equality.
C) Employee work conditions are poor.
D) Employees are fairly compensated.
E) Management socializes with staff.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Power distance describes the degree to which people in a country accept that
power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. A high rating on power distance
means that large inequalities of power and wealth exist and are tolerated in the culture. It is likely
that Hubert's potential partners exploit employees and offer less than adequate working
conditions.
LO: 8
33
67) Which of the following cultural dimensions identified by GLOBE does not have an
equivalent in Hofstede?
A) future orientation
B) power distance
C) performance orientation
D) individualism/collectivism
E) gender differentiation
Answer: C
Explanation: A) The main difference between the GLOBE framework and Hofstede's work is
that GLOBE added dimensions, such as humane orientation (the degree to which a society
rewards individuals for being altruistic, generous, and kind to others) and performance
orientation (the degree to which a society encourages and rewards group members for
performance improvement and excellence).
LO: 8
68) An adult's personality is proven to be made up only of situational factors, moderated by
environmental conditions.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Personality is defined as the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and
interacts with others. We most often describe it in terms of the measurable traits a person
exhibits. It is made up of both environmental and hereditary factors.
Topic: Personality
LO: 1
69) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is a 100-question personality test that types four characteristics
into sixteen personality types.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the most widely used personality
assessment instrument in the world. It is a 100-question personality test that asks people how
they usually feel or act in particular situations.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
34
70) An impressive body of research supports that five basic personality dimensions underlie all
others.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: It is true that an impressive body of research supports the Big Five thesis that five
basic dimensions underlie all others and encompass most of the significant variation in human
personality.
Topic: Personality
LO: 3
71) Janet keeps emotional distance from her coworkers and believes that the ends can justify the
means. Janet would rate high in Machiavellianism.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: An individual high in Machiavellianism is pragmatic, maintains emotional
distance, and believes ends can justify means. "If it works, use it" is consistent with a high-Mach
perspective.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
72) High self-monitors tend to pay less attention to the behavior of other people than do low self
monitors.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Evidence indicates high self-monitors pay closer attention to the behavior of
others.
Topic: Personality
LO: 5
35
73) Values tend to be stable and enduring.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Values are not flexible and they tend to be relatively stable and enduring. A
significant portion of the values we hold is established in our early years, by parents, teachers,
friends, and others.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Values
LO: 6
74) Instrumental values are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving one's terminal
values.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: Instrumental values refers to preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving
the terminal values, which are long term life goals.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Instrumental Values
LO: 6
75) RVS values are fairly stable and consistent among groups.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: RVS values vary among groups. People in the same occupations or categories
(corporate managers, union members, parents, students) tend to hold similar values.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Rokeach Value Survey Values
LO: 6
76) Veterans tend to be more loyal to their country and less loyal to their employer.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Veterans are thought to be loyal to their employer and respectful of authority,
hardworking, and practical.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Generational Values
LO: 7
36
77) Individuals with Holland's "investigative" personality are well suited for careers as small
business managers.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Individuals with "investigative" personality types are suited for careers as
biologists, economists, and mathematicians.
LO: 7
78) The five personality factors identified in the Big Five Model appear in almost all crosscultural studies.
Answer: TRUE
Explanation: It is true that the five personality factors identified in the Big Five model appear in
almost
all cross-cultural studies. These studies have included a wide variety of diverse cultures such as
China, Israel, Germany, Japan, Spain, Nigeria, and Norway.
LO: 8
79) A culture that rates high in power distance values equality and does not accept inequalities of
power.
Answer: FALSE
Explanation: A high rating on power distance means that large inequalities of power and wealth
exist and are tolerated in the culture, as in a class or caste system that discourages upward
mobility. A low power distance rating characterizes societies that stress equality and opportunity.
LO: 8
37
You are assembling a team to work on a long-term project which requires creativity, stamina, and
formal thinking. The only piece of information available to you is the Myers-Briggs Type of each
of the applicants. These results are shown below:
Candidate
Myers Briggs
Type
Alan
Brenda
Cameron
Drusilla
Ellen
INTJ
ESTJ
ENTP
ESFP
INFP
80) You need to choose a lead person for the team. This person must be a visionary; combining
an original mind with great drive. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs
Type?
A) Alan
Topic: Application of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
LO: 2
81) You are looking for an organizer, a person on whom you can depend to be practical and
realistic. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?
A) Alan
B) Brenda
C) Cameron
D) Drusilla
E) Ellen
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Brenda, as an ESTJ is the best candidate for the job. ESTJs are organizers. They
are realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive and have a natural head for business or mechanics.
They like to organize and run activities.
LO: 2
38
82) You need a person who is innovative, individualistic, and versatile and is attracted to
entrepreneurial ideas. Who would be the best candidate based on their Myers Briggs Type?
A) Alan
B) Brenda
C) Cameron
D) Drusilla
E) Ellen
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Cameron, as an ENTP, is the best candidate for the job. The ENTP type is a
conceptualizer, innovative, individualistic, versatile, and attracted to entrepreneurial ideas. This
person tends to be resourceful in solving challenging problems but may neglect routine
assignments.
LO: 2
You are the manager of a small boutique. You have decided to apply the Big Five Model in order
to understand your employees and their work habits because it is generally supported by an
impressive body of research. You want to use the five dimensions of personality to match
individuals with jobs to which they are well-suited.
83) Michelle Jackson, one of your newest employees, is an extrovert. Which of the following
statements is least likely to be true?
A) Michelle will probably attend the company picnic.
B) Michelle will probably have a large number of relationships.
C) Michelle will be friendly and outgoing.
D) Michelle will perform well on specialized, detail-oriented tasks.
E) Michelle will be suited to a managerial or sales position.
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Extroverts are more impulsive than introverts; they are more likely to be absent
from work, engage in risky behavior, and be less detail-oriented.
Topic: Application of the Big Five Model
LO: 4
39
84) You know that your customers are demanding and sometimes difficult. Which personality
dimension taps a person's ability to withstand stress?
A) extroversion
B) judging
E) intellect
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Emotional stability defines a personality dimension that characterizes someone
as calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative).
LO: 3
85) Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. This would lead you to suspect that which of
the following statements is most likely to be true about Jane?
A) She will be easily distracted.
B) She will find comfort in the familiar.
C) She will be nervous, depressed, and insecure.
D) She will be comfortable with solitude.
E) She will be very dim-witted.
Answer: A
Explanation: A) A conscientiousness personality demonstrates persistence, attention to detail,
and setting of high standards. A person that rates low in conscientiousness is easily distracted and
does not pay attention to detail.
LO: 4
40
86) You wish to predict job satisfaction is in each of your employees. Which of the five facets of
personality will probably be of the most interest in this case?
A) extroversion
B) agreeableness
E) intellect
Answer: D
Explanation: A) People who score high on emotional stability are happier than those who score
low. Of the Big Five traits, emotional stability is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job
satisfaction, and low stress levels.
LO: 4
Mary Wood is a new manager. She recognizes that personality attributes can help to explain and
predict employee behavior.
87) Mary has an opening for a position requiring a lot of face to face interaction with others. She
should identify the employee with a(an) ________ for a good fit.
A) high self-monitoring tendency
B) low self-monitoring tendency
C) internal locus of control
D) external locus of control
E) high SE
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Self-monitoring refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to
external, situational factors. Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability
in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors and therefore do well in social positions
that are constantly changing.
Topic: Application of Other Personality Traits Relevant to OB
LO: 5
41
You have just been promoted to manage a sales group. Your group is made up of ten people who
range in age from 23 to 62. You have read that there are certain dominant work values for each
age group and think that this may help you understand your group.
88) As you work with Tom, who is 23 years old, you are likely to find that he ________.
A) desires financial success
B) prefers leisure time
C) sees the company merely as a vehicle for his career
D) highly values security
E) none of the above
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Millennials, (those under 30 years old), have life goals oriented toward
becoming rich (81 percent) and famous (51 percent).
Topic: Application of Generational Values
Objective: Nexters
LO: 7
89) Amy is 50 years old. You are not surprised to find that she ________.
A) desires financial success
B) prefers leisure time
C) sees the company merely as a vehicle for her career
D) highly values security
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Amy is a Boomer. Boomers see the organizations that employ them merely as
vehicles for their careers. Terminal values such as a sense of accomplishment and social
recognition rank high with them.
Objective: Boomers
LO: 7
42
90) You find that Jerry, who is 30 years old, is not typical for his age group because he
________.
A) is very loyal to the company
B) puts a great deal of emphasis on security
C) values financial success over leisure time
D) all the above
Answer: D
Explanation: A) Jerry is part of Generation X. Xers value flexibility, life options, and the
achievement of job satisfaction. Family and relationships are very important to this cohort. They
are skeptical, particularly of authority. Xers are less willing to make personal sacrifices for the
sake of their employer. Therefore, showing company loyalty, emphasis on security, and financial
success as goals, makes Jerry atypical of his generation.
Objective: Xers
LO: 7
91) Andrew is now 65 years old. You are not surprised to find that he ________.
A) places a great deal of importance on family security
B) trades off salary increases for increased leisure time
C) seeks meaning in his work
D) tends to emphasize the terminal value of freedom
E) strives to secure a solid grip on retirement benefits
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Andrew is part of the Veteran generation. These employees are likely to place
the greatest importance on a comfortable life and family security.
Objective: Veterans
LO: 7
43
You have decided to use Holland's Typology of Personality and Congruent Occupations to help
your friends who are college seniors recognize which jobs they would be well-suited for. Monica
is shy, stable, and persistent. Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations.
Jessica is idealistic, impractical, and very imaginative. Walter is efficient and practical, but he
lacks imagination and tends to be inflexible. Chris is an original thinker, with an analytical and
independent intelligence.
92) Monica is majoring in interior design. Her personality type is "realistic" according to
Holland's Typology. Which of the following statements is correct?
A) Monica's personality type is well-suited to her major.
B) Monica is better suited to be a bank teller.
C) Interior design is incongruent with her personality type.
D) Interior design is congruent with a "social" personality type.
E) Monica prefers physical to mental activities.
Answer: C
Explanation: A) People who would excel as interior decorators would have Artistic personalities,
preferring ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative expression. As a realistic
personality, Monica would prefer physical activities that require skill, strength, and coordination.
Topic: Application of Person-Job Fit Theory
LO: 7
93) Which of your friends is best suited to being an accountant?
A) Walter
B) Neil
C) Jessica
D) Monica
E) Chris
Answer: A
Explanation: A) Walter is efficient and practical, but he lacks imagination and tends to be
inflexible. He has a conventional personality and would probably prefer rule-regulated, orderly,
and unambiguous activities such as accounting.
LO: 7
44
94) Which of your friends is most likely to find a successful career as a writer?
A) Walter
B) Neil
C) Jessica
D) Monica
E) Chris
Answer: C
Explanation: A) Jessica is idealistic, impractical, and very imaginative. She has an artistic
personality and would prefer ambiguous and unsystematic activities that allow creative
expression such as writing.
LO: 7
95) Who might be well-suited to being a lawyer?
A) Walter
B) Neil
C) Jessica
D) Monica
E) Chris
Answer: B
Explanation: A) Neil is ambitious and energetic and likes to dominate conversations. He has an
enterprising personality and would prefer verbal activities in which there are opportunities to
influence others and attain power.
LO: 7
45
96) Identify what type of personality an ESTJ would be according to the Myers-Briggs Type
Indicator. Then describe two ways that a person might practice impression management on the
MBTI to get a job that requires an ESTJ personality.
Answer: ESTJs are extroverted, sensing, thinking and judging people. They are organizers. They
are realistic, logical, analytical, and decisive and have a natural head for business or mechanics.
They like to organize and run activities. Impression management is faking the answers on a
personality test. In this case, a person that isn't extroverted, but is applying for a job in customer
service, or sales, could respond to situations in which his natural inclination would be more shy,
with outgoing and domineering responses. If the person isn't necessarily organized, but the job
description calls for organization, the applicant could fake situations in which he planned and
organized events.
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 135, 137
Topic: Personality
Quest. Category: Synthesis
LO: 1, 2
97) How would you compare the MBTI to the Big Five Personality Model? Which one is most
accepted by researchers and why?
Answer: The MBTI is a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually feel or
act in particular situations. On the basis of their answers, individuals are classified as extroverted
or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or feeling (T or F), and judging or
perceiving ( J or P). These classifications together describe 16 personality types.
The Big Five Model indicates that there are five basic dimensions of personality that underlie all
others and encompass most of the significant variations in human personality. The five
dimensions are extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness
to experience.
Evidence is mixed about the MBTI's validity as a measure of personality because it forces a
person into either one type or another. However, an impressive body of research supports the
underlying thesis of the Big Five Model's five basic personality dimensions.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2, 3
46
98) Identify and briefly describe the five key traits in the Big Five personality model.
Answer: The five key traits in the Big Five personality model are extroversion, agreeableness,
conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.
a) Extroversion captures one's comfort level with relationships.
b) Agreeableness refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others.
c) Conscientiousness is a measure of reliability.
d) Emotional stability taps a person's ability to withstand stress.
e) Openness to experience addresses one's range of interests and fascination with novelty.
Topic: Personality
Quest. Category: Critical Thinking
LO: 3
99) Describe the Big Five personality dimension of conscientiousness and explain how it can
predict behavior at work.
Answer: The Big Five conscientiousness dimension is a measure of reliability. A highly
conscientious person is responsible, organized, dependable, and persistent. Those who score low
on this dimension are easily distracted, disorganized, and unreliable. Employees who score
higher in conscientiousness develop higher levels of job knowledge, probably because highly
conscientious people learn more. Higher levels of job knowledge contribute to higher levels of
job performance. Conscientiousness is important for managers and for front-line employees.
Conscientiousness, in the form of persistence, attention to detail, and setting of high standards, is
considered more important than any other personality trait for job performance.
Conscientiousness is important for organizational success. Conscientiousness is the Big Five trait
most consistently related to job performance.
Topic: Personality
LO: 3, 4
47
100) Describe the Big Five personality dimension of emotional stability and explain how it can
predict behavior at work.
Answer: The emotional stability dimension, often labeled by its converse, neuroticism, taps a
person's ability to withstand stress. People with positive emotional stability tend to be calm, selfconfident, and secure. Those with high negative scores tend to be nervous, anxious, depressed,
and insecure.
People who score high on emotional stability are happier than those who score low. Of the Big
Five traits, emotional stability is most strongly related to life satisfaction, job satisfaction, and
low stress levels. This is probably true because high scorers are more likely to be positive and
optimistic in their thinking and experience fewer negative emotions. People low on emotional
stability are hypervigilant (looking for problems or impending signs of danger) and are
especially
vulnerable to the physical and psychological effects of stress.
In the work place, emotionally stable employees offer less negative thinking and fewer negative
emotions. They are less hyper-vigilant.
Topic: Personality
LO: 3, 4
101) With which Big Five dimensions would you compare a self-monitoring personality?
Describe how they are similar and different.
Answer: Self-monitoring refers to an individual's ability to adjust his or her behavior to external,
situational factors. Individuals high in self-monitoring show considerable adaptability in
adjusting their behavior to external situational factors. They are highly sensitive to external cues
and can behave differently in different situations. High self-monitors pay closer attention to the
behavior of others and are more capable of conforming than are low self-monitors. They receive
better performance ratings, and are more likely to emerge as leaders. In addition, high selfmonitors receive more promotions and are more likely to occupy central positions in an
organization.
Self-monitors are similar to those who score high in extroversion in the Big Five model..
Extroverts show high interpersonal skills and social dominance. They are emotionally expressive
when needed. Like self-monitoring, extroversion is a relatively strong predictor of leadership
emergence in groups. Extroverts are more socially dominant, "take charge" sorts of people, and
they are generally more assertive than introverts.
Topic: Personality
LO: 4, 5
48
102) Briefly describe the Type B personality.

Answer: Type Bs are "rarely harried by the desire to obtain a wildly increasing number of things
or participate in an endless growing series of events in an ever-decreasing amount of time." Type
Bs never suffer from a sense of time urgency with its accompanying impatience, can relax
without guilt, and so on.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Type B Personality
LO: 5
103) Discuss the importance of values.
Answer: Values are important to the study of organizational behavior because they lay the
foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation and because they influence our
perceptions. Individuals enter an organization with preconceived notions of what "ought" and
what "ought not" to be. These notions are not value-free. They contain interpretations of right
and wrong. Values cloud objectivity and rationality. Values generally influence attitudes and
behavior.
LO: 6
104) Using the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS), name three terminal values that would be
appropriate to describe the Millenial generation's search for meaningful work.
Answer: Millennials grew up during prosperous times. They have high expectations and seek
meaning in their work. One appropriate terminal value based on this expectation would be a
sense of accomplishment or having made a lasting contribution. Nearly half of millennials
believe they will be famous. Equality as a terminal value is in line with the comfort that the
millennial generation feels with diversity and greater meaning. Many Millenials seek a world of
beauty and are looking for innovative ways to preserve nature and climate.
LO: 6, 7
49
105) Discuss the Rokeach Value Survey. Include definitions and discussion of terminal values
and instrumental values.
Answer: Milton Rokeach created the Rokeach Value Survey (RVS). The RVS consists of two
sets of values, with each set containing 18 individual value items.
a) One set, called terminal values, refers to desirable end-states of existence. These are goals that
a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.
b) The other set, called instrumental values, refers to preferable modes of behavior, or means of
achieving the terminal values.
LO: 6
106) What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and how might it be used by managers?
Answer: The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is one of the most widely used personality
frameworks. It is essentially a 100-question personality test that asks people how they usually
feel or act in particular situations. On the basis of the answers individuals give to the test, they
are classified as extroverted or introverted (E or I), sensing or intuitive (S or N), thinking or
feeling (T or F), and perceiving or judging (P or J). These classifications are then combined into
sixteen personality types. The MBTI has a place in training and development, since it can help
employees to better understand themselves. It can also provide aid to teams by helping members
better understand each other.
Topic: Personality
LO: 2
50
107) Name and describe the value dimensions of culture identified by Hofstede.
Answer: a) Power distance is the degree to which people accept that power in institutions and
organizations is distributed unequally.
b) Individualism/collectivism is the degree to which people prefer to act as individuals or as
members of a group.
c) Achievement/nurturing is the degree to which values such as assertiveness, the acquisition of
money and material goods and competition prevail versus the degree to which people value
relationships, and show sensitivity and concern for the welfare of others.
d) Uncertainty avoidance is the degree to which people prefer structured over unstructured
situations.
e) Long-term/short-term orientation is the degree to which people look to the future or to the
past and present. The latter emphasizes respect for tradition and fulfilling social obligations.
Topic: Personality
LO: 8
108) What is the main difference between Hofstede's cultural dimensions and the GLOBE
framework?
Answer: The main difference is that the GLOBE framework added dimensions, such as humane
orientation (the degree to which a society rewards individuals for being altruistic, generous, and
kind to others) and performance orientation (the degree to which a society encourages and
rewards group members for performance improvement and excellence).
Topic: Personality
LO: 8
109) Describe what is meant by the terms "person-job fit" and "person-organization fit."
Answer: The person-job fit theory was developed by John Holland. It is based on the notion of
fit between an individual's personality characteristics and his or her occupational environment.
The theory argues that satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest when personality and
occupation are in agreement. The key points of this model are: (1) there do appear to be intrinsic
differences in personality among individuals, (2) there are different types of jobs, and (3) people
in job environments congruent with their personality types should be more satisfied and less
likely to voluntarily resign than should people in incongruent jobs.
Topic: Personality
Objective: Personality-Job Fit Theory and Person-Organization Fit
LO: 7
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110) Explain where the United States ranks on each of the five dimensions of national culture
described by Hofstede.
Answer: The United States tends to be short term in orientation and low in power distance
(people in the United States tend not to accept built-in class differences between people). It is
also relatively low on uncertainty avoidance, meaning most adults are relatively tolerant of
uncertainty and ambiguity. The United States scores relatively high on masculinity; most people
emphasize traditional gender roles (at least relative to countries such as Denmark, Finland,
Norway, and Sweden). The United States is very individualistic, in fact, it's the most
individualistic nation of all (closely followed by Australia and Great Britain).
Topic: Application of Global Implications
LO: 8
social obligation is the obligation of a business to meet its

_________.A) social and technological responsibilitiesB)
economic and social responsibilitiesC) technological and
economic responsibilitiesD) economic and legal responsibilities
d) economic and legal responsibilities
the ______ view of social responsibility holds that management's

only social responsibility is to maximize profits. A) socioeconomic
B) classicalC) contemporaryD) sociolegal
b) classical
The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of social

responsibility is economist and Nobel laureate _______.A)
George StiglerB) Arthur F. BurnsC) Homer JonesD) Milton
Friedman
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d) Milton Friedman
Under the concept of social obligation, the organization does what

is required by the _______.A) societyB) stakeholdersC)
environmentD) law
d) law
The _____ view is that management's social responsibility goes

beyond making profits to include protecting and improving
society's welfare.A) sociotechnicalB) socioeconomicC) sociolegal
D) sociopolitical
b) socioeconomic
When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products it

is _____. A) meeting its social obligationB) meeting its social
screening requirementsC) being socially responsiveD) adopting
green management
c) being socially responsive
A U.S. business that provides on-site childcare facilities for

employees is _____.A) being socially responsiveB) fulfilling its
social obligationsC) adopting social screeningD) practicing green
management
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a) being socially responsive
____ is defined as a business firm's intention, beyond its legal

and economic obligations, to do the right and act in ways that are
good for society. A) Social obligationB) Social responsibilityC)
Social screeningD) Values-based management
b) social responsibility
the aspect that differentiates social responsibility from other

similar concepts is that it adds a(n) ________.A) ethical
imperativeB) legal imperativeC) political imperativeD) technical
imperative
a) ethical imperative
In the United States a company that meets federal pollution

control standards and does not discriminate in hiring, promotion,
and pay is generally meeting its ________.A) social screening
requirementsB) green management requirementsC) social
obligationD) social responsibility
c) social obligation
which of the following examples reflects a socially responsible

action by an organization?A) Ford Motor Company became the
54
first automaker to endorse a federal ban on sending text messages

while driving.B) Apple has eliminated lead-lined glass monitors
from its product line and pioneered reduced-sized packaging that
leverages recyclable materials.C) Fed Ex provided the Federal
Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) with a radio antenna to
set up communications in the immediate aftermath of Hurricane
Katrina.D) UPS has a company-wide policy that urges employees
to volunteer during natural disasters and other crises.
b) apple has eliminated lead-lined glass monitors from its product
line and pioneered reduced-sized packaging that leverages
recyclable materials
according to the _____ argument on social responsibility,

businesses should be socially responsible because responsible
actions are the right thing to do.A) public expectationB) ethical
obligationC) public imageD) long-run profit
b) ethical obligation
the belief that business involvement can help solve difficult social
problems is the ______ argument on social responsibility.A)
public expectationB) public imageC) better environmentD)
possession of resources
c) better environment
which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

that businesses should address social problems before they
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become serious and costly to correct?A) superiority of prevention

over curesB) possession of resourcesC) accountabilityD) skills
a) superiority of prevention over cures
Which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

that a business is socially responsible only when it pursues its
economic interests?A) costsB) violation of profit maximizationC)
superiority of prevention over curesD) too much power
b) violation of profit maximization

that pursuing social goals hurts a business's economic
productivity?A) imageB) dilution of purposeC) costsD) lack of
skills
b) dilution of purpose

that there is no direct line of responsibility for social actions? A)
dilution of purposeB) stockholder interestC) too much powerD)
lack of accountability
d) lack of accountability
the process of applying social and environmental criteria to an

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investment decision is known as _______. A) green

managementB) value-based managementC) community investing
D) social screening
d) social screening
managers who consider the impact of their organization on the

natural environment are said to be practicing ______.A) valuebased managementB) ethics-based managementC) conventional
managementD) green management
d) green management
in which of the following approaches of going green does the

organization exhibit the least environmental sensitivity? A) light
green approachB) deep green approachC) market approachD)
stakeholder approach
a) light green approach
in the _____ approach of going green, organizations respond to

the environmental preferences of customers.A) legalB) marketC)
stakeholderD) activist
b) market
in the _____ approach of going green, an organization works to

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meet the environmental demands of its employees, suppliers, or

community.A) deep greenB) light greenC) marketD) stakeholder
d) stakeholder
there are four approaches that organizations can take in order to

go green. which of the following is NOT a part of those
approaches?A) legal approachB) market approachC) stakeholder
approachD) operations approach
d) operations approach
which of the following approaches of going green reflects the

highest degree of environmental sensitivity and is also a good
illustration of the social responsibility of the organization?A) legal
approachB) market approachC) stakeholder approachD) activist
approach
d) activist approach
many companies around the globe voluntarily report their efforts

in promoting environmental sustainability using the guidelines
developed by the __________.A) United Nations B)
Environmental Protection AgencyC) Global Reporting InitiativeD)
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
c) global reporting initiative
58
which of the following ISO standards is related to quality

management?A) ISO 9000B) ISO 14000C) ISO 8000D) ISO
15000
a) ISO 9000
which of the following ISO standards is related to environmental

management?A) ISO 7000B) ISO 14000C) ISO 16000D) ISO
8000
b) ISO 14000
one way to evaluate a company's green actions is to use the

_____ list of the most sustainable corporations in the world.A)
Global 100B) Global 90C) Global 80D) Global 70
a) global 100
to be named on the global 100 list, which is announced each year

at the _____, a company has to display a superior ability to
effectively manage environmental and social factors.A) Global
Reporting CouncilB) World Economic ForumC) United Nations
Economic and Social CouncilD) World Social Forum
b) world economic forum
59
_____ defined as the principles and beliefs that define right and
wrong decisions and behavior.A) Whistle-blowing isB)
Entrepreneuring isC) Ethics isD) Values are
c) ethics is
at the _____ level of moral development, a person's choice

between right or wrong is based on personal consequences from
outside sources, such as physical punishment, reward, or
exchange of favors.A) preconventionalB) conventionalC)
principledD) elevated
a) preconventional
at the ______ level of moral development, ethical decisions rely

on maintaining expected standards and living up to the
expectations of others.A) principledB) conventionalC)
conscientiousD) preconventional
b) conventional
at the ________ level of moral development, individuals define

moral values apart from the authority of the groups to which they
belong or society in general.A) conventionalB) establishedC)
principledD) preconventional
c) principled
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in which of the stages of moral development do individuals stick

to rules to avoid physical punishment and follow rules only when
doing so is in their immediate interest?A) conventional stageB)
principled stageC) elevated stageD) preconventional stage
d) preconventional stage
in which of the following stages of moral development do

individuals live up to what is expected by people close to them and
maintain conventional order by fulfilling obligations to which they
have agreed?A) conscientious stageB) conventional stageC)
principled stageD) preconventional stage
b) conventional stage
in which of the following stages of moral development do

individuals value rights of others and upholding absolute values
and rights regardless of the majority's opinion?A)
preconventional stageB) conventional stageC) principled stageD)
established stage
c) principled stage
______ represent basic convictions about what is right and

wrong.A) DogmasB) ValuesC) CulturesD) Beliefs
b) values
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John Doe is employed with the IT department at Abel and

Associates, that provides financial consultancy services to several
wealthy investors. He is approached by a shady investor who
offers attractive incentives for stealing some sensitive information
regarding the investment patterns of one of the clients of the
company. Which of the following statements best reflects John's
thoughts if he is at the preconventional level of moral
development? A) If I do go through with the act, I will be letting
down my manager and coworkers badly.B) My job is to protect
the information that this company deals in and I should not
violate my duties.C) I am liable to be criminally prosecuted for my
involvement in stealing the information.D) Going through with
this act would be highly unfair not just to the client, but also to my
employers.
c) I am liable to be criminally prosecuted for my involvement in
stealing the information
John Doe is employed with the IT department in Abel and

Associates, that provides financial consultancy services to several
wealthy investors. He is approached by a shady investor who
offers attractive incentives for stealing some sensitive information
regarding the investment patterns of one of the clients of the
company. Which of the following statements best reflects John's
thoughts if he is at the principled level of moral development?A)
My job is to protect the information that this company deals in
and I should not be violating my duties.B) By stealing from
another person, I will be in violation of the moral standards I've
come to expect of myself.C) If my involvement is detected, my
friends and family would be humiliated by my actions.D) If I am
convicted for this crime, I will surely be imprisoned and will
62
probably never be employed anywhere else.

b) by stealing from another person, I will be in violation of the
moral standards I've come to expect of myself.
_____ measures the strength of a person's convictions.A) Moral

developmentB) Locus of controlC) Ego strengthD) Social
desirability
c) ego strength
_____ is the degree to which people believe they control their

own fate.A) Ego strengthB) Locus of controlC) Social
responsibilityD) Social obligation
b) locus of control
what can be said about a manager who believes that she worked
hard and met the productivity goals of her organization despite
unfavorable conditions?A) She has an external locus of control.B)
She has a high ego strength.C) She has a low ego strength.D) She
has an internal locus of control.
d) she has an internal locus of control
which of the following organizations is best suited to promote

ethical behavior in its employees?A) An organization that has a
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reward and punishment system that depends on specific goal

outcomes.B) An organization that has formal rules and
regulations in place.C) An organization that wants its employees
to achieve their goals at any cost.D) An organization that has a
performance appraisal system that focuses exclusively on
outcomes.
b) an organization that has formal rules and regulations in place
which of the following is true concerning the impact of

organizational culture on ethical behavior?A) An organization
with low conflict tolerance encourages ethical behavior.B) An
organization with strong culture encourages high ethical
standards.C) An organizational culture that is high in conflict
tolerance encourages unethical behavior.D) An organizational
culture that is high in control encourages unethical behavior.
b) an organization with strong culture encourages high ethical
standards
a student who never considers breaking into an instructor's office

to steal and accounting exam didn't think twice about asking a
friend who took the same course from the same instructor last
semester what questions were on the exam. What does this
example illustrate?A) This example illustrates the concept of issue
intensity.B) The student involved has an internal locus of control.
C) The student involved has a strong ego strength.D) This
example illustrates the concept of value-based management.
a) this example illustrates the concept of issue intensity
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which of the following is NOT one of the six determinants that are
relevant in deciding issue intensity?A) consensus of wrongB)
discovery of the actC) probability of harmD) immediacy of
consequences
b) discovery of the act
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act makes it illegal for U.S. firms to
_______.A) make any cash payment for deferential treatment in
a foreign transactionB) make any payment over 5 percent of total
cost toward administrative overhead in foreign transactionsC)
knowingly corrupt a foreign officialD) knowingly pay a foreign
clerical or ministerial employee in exchange for service
c) knowingly corrupt a foreign official
_______ is a document created by the United Nations outlining

principles for doing business globally in the areas of human
rights, labor, the environment, and anticorruption. A) The Global
Reporting InitiativeB) The Global CompactC) The Global
ConventionD) The Global Ethics
b) The Global Compact
Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right

to collective bargaining are the Global Compact principles in the
area of ____.A) anti-corruptionB) human rightsC) labor
standardsD) the environment
65
c) labor standards
the idea that businesses should eliminate discrimination in

respect to employment and occupation is a Global Compact
principle in the area of ______.A) anticorruptionB) human
rightsC) environmentD) labor standards
d) labor standards
the centerpiece of the ______ efforts is the Anti-Bribery

convention that was the first global instrument to combat
corruption in cross-border business deals.A) Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development'sB) Institute of Global
Ethics'C) Ethics and Compliance Officer Association'sD) United
Nations'
a) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's
a _______ is a formal statement of an organization's primary

values and the ethical rules it expects its employees to follow.A)
mission statementB) code of purposeC) code of ethicsD) vision
statement
c) code of ethics
the primary debate about ethics training programs is whether

66
_______.A) ethics can be taughtB) ethics causes misconductC)

the programs cover misconduct outside the workplaceD) the
programs give unethical individuals more ammunition
a) ethics can be taught
which of the following is NOT a way for management to reduce

unethical behavior?A) select individuals with high ethical
standardsB) establish codes of conductC) provide ethics training
D) monitor employee telephone calls
d) monitor employee telephone calls
employees who raise ethical concerns or issues in an organization

are known as _______.A) employee-volunteersB) whistleblowersC) entrepreneursD) philanthropist
b) whistle-blowers
the ______ Act offers some legal protection to whistle-blowers.

It has a provision wherein any manager who retaliates against an
employee for reporting violations faces a stiff penalty of a 10-year
jail sentence.A) Sarbanes-OxleyB) Glass-SteagallC) Taft-Hartley
D) Landrum-Griffin
a) Sarbanes-Oxley
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a ____ is an individual or organization who seeks out

opportunities to improve society by using practical, innovative,
and sustainable approaches.A) delatorB) social entrepreneurC)
philanthropistD) whistle-blower
b) social entrepreneur
if Google asks twenty-five members of its executive team to spend

a full day at their annual team-building retreat building a house in
Las Vegas with Habitat for Humanity, the executives would be
engaging in employee _____.A) volunteering effortsB)
entrepreneuring effortsC) whistle-blowing effortsD)
administrating efforts
Which of the following is true of the relationship between training
and development?
The goal of training is preparation for the current job, while the
goal of development is preparation for changes in the current job.
Which of the following is true of development?

Participation in development is voluntary.
Which of the following is true of protean careers?

Based on the psychological contract, employees look for
organizations to provide development opportunities.
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Protean careers require that employees:

take responsibility to manage their own careers.
_____ help(s) employees select development activities that

prepare them to meet their career goals.
Career management
The four general approaches that companies use to develop

employees include:
formal education, assessment, job experiences, and interpersonal
relationships.
Collecting information and providing feedback to employees

about their behavior is called _____.
assessment
The energy dichotomy of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

indicates _____.
individuals' degree of introversion or extroversion
69
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Introverted types

(I) gain energy by _____.
focusing on inner thoughts
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Extroverted types

(E) gain energy through:
interpersonal relationships.
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals with a

Sensing (S) preference:
tend to gather the facts and details to prepare for a decision.
According to the lifestyle dichotomy of the Myers-Briggs Type

Indicator, individuals with a _____ preference enjoy surprises
and dislike deadlines.
Perceiving (P)
The decision-making dimension of the Myers-Briggs Type

Indicator relates to the:
amount of consideration given to others' feelings when making a
decision.
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According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals with a

Perceiving (P) preference:
are comfortable with changing a decision.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) identifies individuals'

preferences for source of energy, means of information gathering,
way of decision making, and _____.
lifestyle
According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, individuals who

are Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, and Judging (known as
ISTJs):
appear to their colleagues to be too task-oriented.
Which of the following is true of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

(MBTI)?
The MBTI is a valuable tool for understanding communication
styles.
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Which of the following is true about an assessment center?

At an assessment center, multiple raters or evaluators evaluate
employees' performance on a number of exercises.
The primary use of assessment centers is to identify:

whether employees have the personality characteristics and skills
needed for managerial positions.
An employee's tolerance for uncertainty and the ability to get

along with others are assessed in _____.
personality tests
Which of the following is true of in-basket exercises?

They simulate the administrative tasks of a manager's job, using a
pile of documents for the employee to handle.
Which of the following assessment center exercises is being used

when a team of five to seven employees is assigned a problem and
must work together to solve it within a certain time period?
Leaderless group discussion
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In assessment centers, typically, each assessor observes and

records _____ employees' behaviors in each exercise.
one or two
The measurement tool Benchmarks focuses on measuring:

a manager's use of skills associated with success in managing.
Identify the skill related to a successful manager.

Can behave in ways that are often seen as opposites
Which of the following skills do managers demonstrate if they

show genuine interest in others?
Compassion and sensitivity
Which of the following skills do managers demonstrate if they

accomplish tasks through managing others?
Team orientation
Which of the following statements about Benchmarks is true?

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The items measured by Benchmarks are based on research into

the lessons that executives learn in critical events of their careers.
The 360-degree feedback process:

involves rating the individual in terms of work-related behaviors.
How does 360-degree feedback help organizations?

Performance improves and behavior changes as a result of
participation.
Most employee development occurs through:

job experiences.
Using job experiences for development assumes that:

development is most likely to occur when employee's skills and
experiences do not entirely match the skills required for the
current job.
Which of the following is true of job enlargement?

It involves adding challenges or new responsibilities to employees'
74
current jobs.
Job rotation involves:

moving the employee through a series of job assignments in one
or more functional areas of the company.
Which of the following is a potential problem of job rotation?

Employees typically develop a short-term perspective on
problems and solutions.
Which of the following is true about job rotation?

The system ensures that employees understand the specific skills
to be developed.
Which of the following is true about a transfer?

It is an assignment of an employee to a position in a different area
of the company, usually in a lateral move.
A move to a job with a similar level of responsibility within the

same organization is called a(n):
75
lateral move.
The organization may demote an employee to a lower-level

position:
so that the employee can learn different skills.
Allowing employees to take a full-time temporary position at

another company is known as a(n):
externship.
Providing employees with the opportunity to get away from the

day-to-day stresses of their job and acquire new skills and
perspectives is known as a(n):
sabbatical
A mentor is generally a(n):

experienced, productive senior employee who helps develop a
protg.
Which of the following is true of mentoring?

76
Mentoring programs tend to be most successful when they are

voluntary and participants understand the details of the program.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a successful formal

mentoring program?
Managers are rewarded for employee development.
Acting as a mentor gives managers:

a chance to develop their interpersonal skills.
A peer or manager who works closely with an employee to

motivate him/her, help him/her develop skills, and provide
reinforcement and feedback is known as a:
coach.
Which of the following is a component of a basic career

management system?
Goal setting
What is the employee's responsibility in the data gathering stage

77
of career management?
To identify opportunities and areas needing improvement
The step in the career management process in which

psychological tests, such as Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory, are used is:
data gathering.
The career management process starts with:

self-assessment.
The _____ is a self-assessment tool that helps employees identify

their occupational and job interests.
Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory
Which of the following helps identify employees' preferences for

working in different types of environments like sales and
counseling?
Self-Directed Search
78
The step in the career management process in which employees

receive information about their skills and knowledge and where
these assets fit into the organization's plans is called:
feedback
In the feedback step of the career management process, the

employee is primarily responsible for:
identifying what skills he/she could realistically develop in light of
the opportunities available.
Usually the employer conducts the reality check as part of a

performance appraisal or as the _____ stage of performance
management.
feedback
What is the organization's responsibility in the goal-setting stage

of the career management process?
To ensure that the goal is specific, challenging, and attainable
The final step in the career management process is:

action planning.
79
During the action planning and follow-up step of the career

management process, the employer:
should identify resources needed.
Circumstances that resemble an invisible barrier that keep most

women and minorities from attaining the top jobs in
organizations are referred to as the:
glass ceiling.
The glass ceiling is likely caused by:

a lack of developmental relationships.
_____ is the process of identifying and tracking high-potential

employees who will be able to fill top management positions when
they become vacant.
Succession planning
Which of the following is true about succession planning?

It provides a set of developmental experiences that managers
must complete to be considered for top management positions.
80
In the case of succession planning, job assignments for highpotential employees are based on:
the successful career paths of the managers whom these
employees are preparing to replace.
The process for developing a succession plan begins with:

identifying the positions to be planned for.
An Individual Coaching for Effectiveness program is designed to:

help managers with dysfunctional behaviors.
______ refers to the process of monitoring, comparing, and

correcting work performance.A) ControllingB) LeadingC)
PlanningD) Organizing
a) controlling
_____ is the final step in the management process, which

provides a critical link back to _____.A) Organizing; planning B)
Planning; controllingC) Controlling; planningD) Leading;
organizing
c) controlling; planning
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which of the following management responsibilities determines if

organizational goals are being achieved?A) designing the
organization's structureB) motivating employeesC) formulating
business strategyD) measuring firm performance
d) measuring firm performance
which of the following observations best explains why the control

function is important?A) An effective control system facilitates
employee empowerment.B) Forming an organizational structure
is a crucial control activity.C) Human resource management is a
subset of the controlling process.D) Organizational strategies are
formed during the controlling stage.
a) an effective control system facilitates employee empowerment
the control process assumes that ____.A) employees require clear

directions from managementB) employees are under-qualified
and require trainingC) performance standards are already in place
D) employee monitoring costs are part and parcel of doing
business
c) performance standards are already in place
the first step in the control process is _____.A) setting the

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desired standardsB) measuring actual performanceC) comparing

performance against expectationsD) enforcing managerial control
b) measuring actual performance
which of the following sources of information for measuring

performance has the disadvantage of being subject to personal
biases, and is time consuming and obtrusive? A) oral reportsB)
personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written reports
b) personal observations
which of the following is one of the main advantages of using

statistical reports as the source of information?A) Statistical
reports can be used to obtain firsthand knowledge.B) Unfiltered
information can be obtained using statistical reports.C) Statistical
reports are effective for showing relationships.D) Statistical
reports allow verbal and non-verbal feedback.
c) statistical reports are effective for showing relationships
which of the following sources usually provides filtered

information which cannot be documented?A) oral reportsB)
personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written reports
a) oral reports
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which of the following sources provides information which is

comprehensive, formal, and easy to file and retrieve? A) oral
reportsB) personal observationsC) statistical reportsD) written
reports
d) written reports
the comparing step in the control process determines ______.A)

a company's relative position in the industry in terms of the
standards usedB) a company's relative position in the industry in
terms of performance variancesC) the ideal standard to be used in
measuring organizational performanceD) the variation between
actual performance and the standard
d) the variation between actual performance and the standard
managers should use subjective measure when ______.A) work

activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable termsB) work
activities are critical to the organizationC) organizational
processes and activities are complexD) immediate managerial
action is required
a) work activities cannot be expressed in quantifiable terms
_____ corrects the problem at once to get performance back on

track.A) Basic corrective actionB) Immediate corrective actionC)
Revision of standardsD) Revision of benchmarks
b) immediate corrective action
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if a manager investigated how and why performance has deviated

beyond the acceptable range of variation, and then corrects the
source of the deviation, she is using _____.A) bureaucratic
controlB) immediate corrective actionC) basic corrective actionD)
concurrent control
c) basic corrective action
managers could choose to do nothing when _______.A) an

employee fails to attain the standard because of internal problems
B) the difference between actual performance and standard
performance is low and acceptableC) performance standards are
acceptable, though the employees have not attained itD) the
variance observed from the expected performance is caused due
to unrealistic standards
b) the difference between actual performance and the standard
performance is low and acceptable
which of the following refers to the overall output of goods or

services produced divided by the inputs needed to generate that
output?A) YieldB) Demand functionC) EffectivenessD)
Productivity
d) productivity
_____ is measured by the costs of acquiring and transforming

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organizational resources into outputs.A) InputB) QualityC)

EffectivenessD) Efficiency
a) input
which of the following is considered the easiest way to increase

organizational productivity? A) increasing the price of outputsB)
increasing the amount of inputs C) hiring more employeesD)
decreasing the value of the products
a) increasing the price of outputs
in order to increase the ratio of outputs to inputs, a manager

would have to ______.A) decrease the selling priceB) increase
productivityC) increase the quality of inputsD) hire additional
employees
b) increase productivity
organizational _____ is a measure of how appropriate

organizational goals are and how well an organization is achieving
those goals.A) productivityB) effectivenessC) efficiencyD) yield
b) effectiveness
certain organizations conduct culture audits to find out which

companies are the best to work for. What is the major benefit
86
associated with these rankings?A) The rankings indicate the

effectiveness of an organization's concurrent control.B) The
rankings indicate how well a company performs in comparison to
others.C) These rankings are used by governments to make
decisions on corporate grants.D) These rankings affect the credit
rating of concerned organizations.
b) the rankings indicate how well a company performs in
comparison to others
an organization hires additional personnel as soon as they get a

major contract. The organization is using _____ control.A)
feedforwardB) concurrentC) feedbackD) management
a) feedforward
which of the following is considered the most desirable type of

control to prevent anticipated problems?A) feedforward controlB)
concurrent controlC) feedback controlD) reactive control
a) feedforward control
the management control that takes place while a work activity is

in progress is known as ________.A) feedforward controlB)
concurrent controlC) feedback controlD) reactive control
b. concurrent control
87
management by walking around is an example of ______

control.A) feedbackB) concurrentC) feedforwardD) reactive
b) concurrent
_____ is when a manager in the work area interacts directly with

employees to maintain supervision.A) Preventive maintenanceB)
Management by walking aroundC) Reactive controlD)
Feedforward control
b) management by walking around
the ____ ratios measure an organization's ability to meet its

current debt obligations.A) activityB) liquidityC) leverageD)
profitability
b) liquidity
which of the following ratios examines the organization's use of

debt to finance its assets and its ability to meet the interest
payments on the debt?A) liquidity ratiosB) leverage ratiosC)
profitabilityD) activity ratios
b) leverage ratios
_____ ratios measures how efficiently the firm is using its assets.
88
A) LiquidityB) LeverageC) ProfitabilityD) Activity

d) activity
which of the following ratios measures how efficiently and

effectively the firm is using its assets to generate revenue?A)
liquidity ratiosB) leverage ratiosC) activity ratiosD) profitability
ratios
d) profitability ratios
when data is analyzed and processed, it becomes ______.A) a

systemB) informationC) factD) a structure
b) information
raw, unanalyzed facts are called _____.A) dataB) informationC)

databaseD) data center
a) data
the ____ approach to performance measurement was introduced

as a way to evaluate organizational performance from more than
just the financial perspective.A) market valueB) economic valueC)
balanced scorecardD) financial control
c) balanced scorecard
89
which of the following is a performance measurement tool that

looks at four areas that contribute to a company's performance?A)
market value methodB) economic value methodC) balanced
scorecard approachD) information control approach
c) balanced scorecard approach
_____ is the search for the best practices among competitors or

noncompetitors that lead to their superior performance.A) Factor
analysisB) Total quality managementC) Market positioningD)
Benchmarking
d) benchmarking
control techniques can be quite different for different countries.

the differences are primarily in the ____.A) types of tasks that
employees perform in various countriesB) way employees respond
to the controlling measuresC) strategic orientation of each
techniqueD) measurement and corrective action steps of the
control process
d) measurement and corrective action steps of the control process
the earthquake/tsunami which hit Japan in March of 2011

highlights the contemporary need to design organizational control
for _______.A) cross-cultural differencesB) global turmoil and
disastersC) workplace privacyD) workplace safety
90
b) global turmoil and disasters
fraudulent filing of expense reports is an example of _______.A)

employee theftB) workplace piracyC) workplace violenceD)
privacy intrusion
a) employee theft
clinical psychologists suggest that employee theft ______.A)

occurs primarily when there are poor management-labor relations
B) is a symptom of poor planning and management controlC)
happens because people find ways to rationalize this behavior as
correctD) reflects deep cultural problems in the society
c) happens because people find ways to rationalize this behavior
as correct
factors that have been found to be linked to workplace violence

include ______.A) too much caffeineB) employee stressC) poor
employee dietD) poor personal hygiene
b) employee stress
experts have described employee work driven by TNC as a

primary contributor to workplace violence. TNC refers to _____.
A) time, numbers, and crisesB) time, number, and chaosC) time,
91
neglect, and crisesD) time, neglect, and chaos

a) time, numbers, and crises
which of the following is an example of feedforward control

measure used to control possible workplace violence?A) Clearly
communicate the security policies to employees.B) Use corporate
hotlines for reporting and investigating incidences.C) Review
company policies and change, if necessary.D) Investigate
incidences and take appropriate action.
a) clearly communicate the security policies to employees
an organization communicates openly to its employees about

violent incidences in the workplace and what's being done to
handle them. This is an example of a _____ control strategy.A)
feedbackB) proactiveC) concurrentD) feedforward
a) feedback
the service profit chain is the service sequence from employees to

customers to profit. According to this concept, the company's
strategy and service delivery system determines _______.A) the
skill development of employeesB) how the firm performs in the
short runC) the employee satisfaction in the companyD) how
employees service customers
d) how employees service customers
92
corporate governance ______.A) refers to executive governance

practices in companiesB) is a system used to govern a corporation
so that the interests of corporate owners are protectedC) is a term
that refers to legal agreements made between two or more partner
firmsD) refers to the negative influence of the corporation in
society
b) is a system used to govern a corporation so that the interests of
corporate owners are protected
two areas in which corporate governance is being reformed are

the role of boards of directors and ____.A) employee stock
optionsB) financial reportingC) executive compensationD) top
level management
b) financial reporting
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act called for ____.A) increased pollution

control measures from the governmentB) more disclosure and
transparency of corporate financial informationC) limited
accountability of directors and executives of corporatesD) more
social contribution from companies in the United States
b) more disclosure and transparency of corporate financial
information
93

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Organizational Behavior, 14e (Robbins/Judge)

Chapter 5 Personality and Values

15) Which dimension of the Big Five model is a measure of reliability?

27) Which of the following statements about low self-monitors is true?

31) Which of the following is true of people with a Type A personality?

39) Values are important to organizational behavior because they ________.

41) Which of the following is not an instrumental value?

73) Values tend to be stable and enduring.

102) Briefly describe the Type B personality.

social obligation is the obligation of a business to meet its

the ______ view of social responsibility holds that management's

The most outspoken advocate of the classical view of social

Under the concept of social obligation, the organization does what

The _____ view is that management's social responsibility goes

When a firm advertises that it only uses recycled paper products it

A U.S. business that provides on-site childcare facilities for

a) being socially responsive

____ is defined as a business firm's intention, beyond its legal

the aspect that differentiates social responsibility from other

In the United States a company that meets federal pollution

which of the following examples reflects a socially responsible

first automaker to endorse a federal ban on sending text messages

according to the _____ argument on social responsibility,

which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

become serious and costly to correct?A) superiority of prevention

Which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

which of the following arguments on social responsibility states

the process of applying social and environmental criteria to an

investment decision is known as _______. A) green

managers who consider the impact of their organization on the

in which of the following approaches of going green does the

in the _____ approach of going green, organizations respond to

in the _____ approach of going green, an organization works to

meet the environmental demands of its employees, suppliers, or

there are four approaches that organizations can take in order to

which of the following approaches of going green reflects the

many companies around the globe voluntarily report their efforts

which of the following ISO standards is related to quality

which of the following ISO standards is related to environmental

one way to evaluate a company's green actions is to use the

to be named on the global 100 list, which is announced each year

at the _____ level of moral development, a person's choice

at the ______ level of moral development, ethical decisions rely

at the ________ level of moral development, individuals define

in which of the stages of moral development do individuals stick

in which of the following stages of moral development do

in which of the following stages of moral development do

______ represent basic convictions about what is right and

John Doe is employed with the IT department at Abel and

John Doe is employed with the IT department in Abel and

probably never be employed anywhere else.

_____ measures the strength of a person's convictions.A) Moral

_____ is the degree to which people believe they control their

which of the following organizations is best suited to promote

reward and punishment system that depends on specific goal

which of the following is true concerning the impact of

a student who never considers breaking into an instructor's office

_______ is a document created by the United Nations outlining

Freedom of association and the effective recognition of the right

the idea that businesses should eliminate discrimination in

the centerpiece of the ______ efforts is the Anti-Bribery

a _______ is a formal statement of an organization's primary

the primary debate about ethics training programs is whether